MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.'s List. Froude's English in Ireland in the EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 188. Royal 8vo. with Portrait and Map, 15s. HISTORY of CHARLES the GREAT (CHARLEMAGNE). By J. I. MOMBERT, D.D. "As a record of events Dr. Mombert's History of Charles the Great' is an admirable piece of work. Scarcely a single Froude's History of England. Popular fact has escaped his notice, and he has entered far more Edition. 12 vols. crown 8vo. 38. 6d. each. Froude's Short Studies on Great Sub JECTS. 4 vols. crown 8vo. 248. minutely into several of the affairs of Charles's reign than any other historian who has written in English." Crown 8vo. 68. Saturday Review. Gardiner's History of England from the THOMAS BECKET, Martyr ACCESSION of JAMES to the OUTBREAK of the CIVIL Patriot. By ROBERT ANCHOR THOMPSON, M.Å. "Well worth perusal. The author is familiar with the period and in sympathy with his hero... 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Lecky's History of Rationalism in The PHILOBIBLON of RICHARD EUROPE. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 168. Macaulay's Complete Works, Edition. 8 vols. 8vo. 5 58. Library DE BURY, Bishop of Durham, and sometime Chancellor of Edward III. The Latin Text Edited and Translated by ERNEST C. THOMAS, Barrister-at-Law. "Fine type, hand-made paper, and wide margins combine to Macaulay's Complete Works. Cabinet make this edition valuable in collectors' eyes." "Excellent little book.... Although much has been written from time to time during the last fifteen years, on the subject Todd's Parliamentary Government in the case for cremation and against burial has never been, that ENGLAND. (2 vols.) Vol. I. 8vo. 248. Vol. II. 508. London: LONGMANS, GREEN & Co. we are aware, so fully or so convincingly stated as in it pages. Its appearance, too, at the present moment is ex ceedingly opportune."-World. London: 1, Paternoster-square. 7th S. VII, MAY 4, '89.] NOTES AND QUERIES. LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1889. CONTENTS.-N° 175. carte and then contre tierce. Little, if anything, more was NOTES:-Edmund Kean, 341-English Long Vowels, 342-able) and fixed it, and then the rabblement shouted. This 'Mariner's Mirrour'-" Magna est veritas," 343-"On the carpet"-Hair turned White-Letter of Sir Geo. Rooke Larrikin, 344-Bp. Ken-Sangatte-Le Couteur-" Horace Wellbeloved"-Pitt Family-Death of Husband and Wife, 345- Sir Gyles Goose-cappe '-Bishop of St. David's, 346. QUERIES:-Stella-Claire-voie-Crikesman-'The Etonian exhibition concluded by Kean disarming O'Shaunesy "Dancing. After Miss Vallancey had danced seule, Kean likewise danced alone with considerable activity, but without elegance. At the end of this movement inhe was close to the lamps. They were then to dance stead of being at the back of the stage by Miss Vallancey hand-in-hand, but Kean only walked till he quitted her REPLIES:-Tailed Englishman, 349-"To lister," 350-Sir hand, when he again danced a little, but apparently unA. Galloway- Blanket-"Pope's size," 351-Macaulay-able (as he had also seemed while holding her hand) to Binding of Magazines-St. George as a Badge, 352-Salope keep time, which raised in me an erroneous suspicion of John Fennell-Epitaph on Charles V.-Christian Era, 353 -Preservation of Ancient Bindings-Lion Baptized-Lord his intoxication. The curtain dropped, and Russell came Beaconsfield and the Primrose, 354-Fleetwood-Burnsiana forward to apologize for the omission of Mr. Kean's ap-Regimental Badge of 63rd Foot-Errors of Translation-pearance as Harlequin, he being unable to stand: he had Lincolnshire MSS.-French Quatrain-The Eddystone, 355 imagined that while dancing he had received a severe -Marriage allowed at certain Times of the Year, 356-Miss blow, but in the opinion of a medical gentleman he had H. Kelly Joachim's Prophecies -Wordsworth's Ode on of the truth of this statement, since it accounts for the Intimations of Immortality-Heidegger, 357-Shelley Pedi- sprained one of the muscles of his leg. I have no doubt defects in his dancing much better than intoxication. gree-Job Johnson's Coat-Euchre-Criss-cross Row, 358. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Courtney's Life of Mill'-Creighton's Carlisle-Book Prices Current' - Masson's Medieval France'-Rees's Brotherhood of Letters.' Notices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. EDMUND KEAN, The accompanying account of a benefit performance of Edmund Kean was written by my father, subsequently of Lincoln's Inn, barrister, then aged twenty-two, and having, doubtless, fresh in his recollection the later performances of Kemble, The account enters whom he greatly admired. into such minute detail that it may be thought to deserve a place in 'N. & Q.': "Drury Lane, Monday, 12 June, 1820, I, John Hicks, was present at Kean's benefit in the front row of Box 67 in the second circle. The prologue, spoken by Russell, was a fine specimen of the puff direct; after mentioning the various accomplishments of the 'faultless monster,' it concluded after this manner : Who can act the Admirable Crichton on the scene? The answer's plain, the Admirable Kean. "Kean first sung, accompanying himself on the piano forte he has a deep, sweet voice, and would be esteemed a capital amateur singer. This was the accomplishment in which he appeared to me most to excel. "Fencing, of which I am more competent to judge, followed. Kean and O'Shaunesy (sic) (under whose tuition he had been for some time) commenced by thrusting carte and tierce, in the salute of which they did not keep time, Kean being behind hand; they then thrust the contres (sometimes, as is usual, doubling), first contre [Note in original MS.] To thrust the contres is the Echool term: but it is parrying the contres or round carte and round tierce upon the simple disengagement of the antagonist. "After a considerable pause Russell again advanced to sanction the omission of the whole of the second act and requested the audience, as Kean was but little better, except the imitations, which Mr. Kean would attempt. Granted. "Kean appeared, his left leg bound about the ancle with a blue riband, and after some direct puffing, too gross even for what might certainly be considered a packed house (in more senses than one), proceeded to give his imitations. They were as follows:-Kemble as Hamlet, the speech commencing Alas, poor Yorick !'; Incledon......and in the song While the lads of the vil lage'; Braham, with a song; Bannister; Munden in Abel Handy; Braham and Incledon as Othello and Iago in third act, beginning about, Iago. Did Michael Cassio when you woo'd my lady, Know of your love? and continuing to about ......he that filches from me my good name, &c. That none of the intermediate part was omitted I am not prepared to say. "The curtain then dropped at twenty minutes after eleven. "The imitation of Kemble my sister thought good, to me it seemed the worst I had heard; very bad. That of Incledon more than any I had heard made use of a kind of spitting or sniffing, which procured great applause. Kean, like all other imitators of Braham's acting, either caricatures most outrageously or else possibly gives an On the whole imitation of his style of some years since, it bearing very little resemblance to his present manner. particularly the latter, the most successful parts of his I thought the styles of singing of Incledon and Braham, Russell is, however, incomparably his imitations. superior in the imitation of Incledon's singing: indeed, that is superior to Incledon's own singing of the present day. My recollection of Bannister does not enable me to give any opinion of this imitation. Imitaother performers; some parts seemed tolerable, but I tions of Munden are perhaps more easy than of most think I have heard much better. I am uncertain (from the immense distance) whether he attempted to imitate did, at least, with Munden, In all the imitations he apthe faces as well as the voice and action, but I think he wrong. Even in my 'Principles of English Etymology' I mention most of the facts concerning the long vowels. I selected these for the greater clearness; because, if any one can be brought to see that the long vowels follow regular laws, he may then be led to believe that short vowels do the same. A half-knowledge is better than none at all, as it may induce caution. I here give a few elementary facts, selecting only the more remarkable results. Many details are purposely suppressed. Teutonic long a.-There is practically none; the pre-Teutonic long a had already become long o in primitive Teutonic. Compare Lat. mater with A.-S. mōdor, and Lat. frater with Goth. brothar. See, therefore, under "long o.' Teutonic long e.-Original examples are scarce. But we have a few cases in which A.-S. è is written ie in modern German. Thus A.-S. her, E. here, is G. hier. A.-S. med, E. meed, is G. Miethe. In most cases the A.-S. ē arose from a mutation of long o. See, therefore, under "long o." Teutonic long i.-This is, usually, A.-S. i, modern E. long i. In Old German it was also (pronounced as mod. E. ee), but is now written ei, and pronounced as in mod. English. Thus A.-S. bitan, E. bite, is G. beissen. This is a very interesting case. The old sound is still kept up in Scandinavian; the Swed. bita is pronounced as E. beetǎh. In the Middle Ages it was pronounced, both in English and in German, like the ei in E. vein; at which time the German spelling was altered to ei, but the English was let alone. Since then both languages have further developed the sound to the diphthongal ai, as it is written in "romic." The English and German spellings remain as in medieval times. Hence the English represents its diphthong by means of the A.-S. î (which was pronounced as ee), whilst the German represents it by the medieval ei, once pronounced as in French. Both are misleading; but the English is the worse. Dutch follows the English system, but represents the old long i (ee) by the symbol ij, pronounced as E. i in bite. Teutonic long o.-This was of two sorts, viz., from pre-Teutonic long a (cf. Lat. māter, frāter), and from pre-Teutonic long o (cf. Doric Greek Tús). The usual mod. E. symbol is double o or oo, but the sound is that of Ital. u; as in E. cool, from A.-S. cōl. The German developed this sound at a very early period; hence G. Mutter, Bruder, Fuss, kuhl. In the last word the u is written as uh, to make sure of the length; so also A.-S. fōr, he went, is G. fuhr. English has shortened the sounds of moother, broother, foot (once rhyming with boot), in ways with which we are all familiar. Cf. A.-S. blod, E. blood, G. Blut. The mutated form of this vowel gave us the A.-S. e, as in fēt, feet. The vowel is also mutated in German, as in Füsse, feet. Hence E. feel, G. fühlen, is derived from a stem fōl; see Kluge. Teutonic long u.-This has developed just like long i. Just as long i became ai (romic), so long u has become au. In English this is written ou, but German correctly writes au. Thus A.-S. hūs, E. house, G. haus. The English spelling ou is of French origin; the French scribes naturally represented A.-S. u by the F. ou in soup. Soup retains the F. sound because it was only borrowed in modern times. For another G. au, see under au below. Teutonic long a.-This most commonly becomes mod. E. ee; but the G. has long a. Ex.: A.-S. slāepan, E. sleep, G. schlafen. Another A.-S. long a, which is much commoner, is the mutated form of A.-S. a; for this see below, under ai. Teutonic ai. This is commonly A.-S. ā, E. long o, G. ei. Ex.: Goth. haims, A.-S. hām, É. home, G. Heim. Thus it will be seen that German has two distinct ei's; the other is given under long i. The mutated_form of A.-S. a is long ; this commonly gives E. ea. Hence from A.-S. hal, E. whole, comes A.-S. huelan, E. heal. Here the German has no mutation, but derives heilen from heil at once. Teutonic au.-This is commonly A.-S. éa, E. ea (ee, e), G. au or long_o. Exx.: A.-S. heafod, E. head (M.E. heed); Goth. haubith, G. Haupt. A.-S. stream, E. stream; O.H.G. straum, G. Strom. This diphthong can suffer mutation, giving A.-S. long ie (or y), G. ö. Ex.: Goth. hausjan, A.-S. hieran, E. hear, G. hören. Teutonic eu.-This is Goth. iu, A.-S. éo, E. ee, G. ie. Ex.: Goth. diups, A.-S. dēop, E. deep, G. tief. Examples of its mutation are rare in English, 66 prove that the plates of this edition were engraved in London, and it is highly improbable that they were sent out of the country to be printed abroad. Though Saxton was dead there were, no doubt, others in England who could perform the work. 'THE MARINER'S MIRROUR.'-In 1583 Christopher Plantin, of Leyden, published in Dutch the According to the title the volume ought to confirst part of the 'Spieghel der Zeevaert,' a collec- tain also "the exploits lately atchiued by the Right tion of "sea-cards," by Lucas Janssz Waghenaer, of Honorable the L. Admiral of England with her Enckhuizen. The book was dedicated to the Prince Maties Nauie; and some former services don by of Orange, who, we are told, was greatly delighted that worthy Knight S Fra. Drake"; but nothing therewith, and bestowed "a large allowance" upon of the kind can be found therein. The British the author in order to enable him to complete the Museum Catalogue refers us to Petruccio Ubalwork. Waghenaer shortly after issued the second part, dino's Discourse concerninge the Spanish Fleete,' and dedicated it to the states of Holland and West a small quarto pamphlet, printed by A. Hatfield Friesland, and was well paid for it." The charts in London in 1590, with folio plates drawn by supplied a long-felt want, and were well received Robert Adams, engraved by Ryther, and sold at by "mariners, masters, and marchants." Soon the shop of the latter. But in this work again no after its appearance Charles Howard, Lord Admiral mention is made of Drake's "former services," of England, presented a copy of "the book of the and Mr. Coote thinks they refer to the voyage to sea-cardes" at the table of the Privy Council, who Cadiz in 1587, an account of which was printed by found it "worthy of translation," the care of which Hakluyt (vol. ii. pt. ii. pp. 121, et seq), which surthey entrusted to their clerk, Sir Anthony Ashley. mise is no doubt right (Dict. of National BioAnd thus towards the end of 1588, or at the begin-graphy,' sub art. "Sir Anthony Ashley "). ning of the following year, an English edition, "fitted with necessary additions for the use of Englishmen," and bearing the title The Mariner's Mirrour,' appeared, in all probability in London, without date or place of publication or printer's name. The translator's dedication is dated "from the Court at S. James 20. Octob: 1588." The full title and a careful collation of the book, taken from the Lambeth copy, are given by Mr. Hazlitt in his 'Bibliogr. Collections and Notes' (second series), which agrees with that of the British Museum copy. · The charts referring to the English coasts are nine in number, viz., No. 5 and Nos. 20 to 22 of the first part, and Nos. 1 to 5 of the second half. Sailing directions are printed on the verso of each sheet. The first-named chart gives the Channel Isles, the other eight represent the coasts of England and Scotland from Land's End to Aberdeen. There is also a general chart (No. 1 of part i.) which includes Western Europe so far as Rome in the south and Lapland in the north, and the Mediterranean seaboard of Africa. Three of the plates were engraved by Augustine Ryther, the Yorkshireman; some by Jodocus Hondius, Theodor de Bry, and other foreign artists; many of them, however, bear no signature. Mr. Hazlitt says that the 'Mirrour' was printed in Holland, but this is evidently an error. Ashley's dedication to Sir Christopher Hatton contains a long statement apologizing for "the slacke performance" of his promise to complete the work sooner; and one of his several excuses for the delay is that his daily attendance on his lordship and the other members of the Privy Council had compelled him to take such time as he could by stealth, both for the translation and "the overseeing of the negligent grauers." Thus we have internal evidence to Are there any other copies of the 'Mirrour' in existence? If so, do they contain a more complete performance of the promise on the title-page; or do they all end abruptly with chart No. 23? The English version does not seem to have reached another edition. The Dutch original was reissued several times. It was also translated into Latin (Speculum Nauticum,' Amsterdam, 1586), French (Nouveau Miroir des Voyages Marins,' ibidem, 1605), and probably into other languages. Amongst English sailors the book was known as a waggoner" or waggoner-book" (see Smyth's Sailor's Word-Book'). Thus Capt. Fox, in his 'North-West Fox' (London, 1635, p. 172), says:"It had bin too late for me (like the Holland Skipper to runne to his Chest) to looke upon his waggoner booke." L. L. K. "MAGNA EST VERITAS, ET PREVALET."-Why does every one misquote this fine saying of the Third Book of Esdras (or the first in the Anglican Apocrypha), making it "Magna est veritas, et prævalebit"? It is very annoying, and nothing is gained, so far as I can see, by the change. On the contrary, to my mind it seems a finer idea that Truth is "mighty above all things," and now has the supremacy, according to the grand description of it in the preceding verses, than that hereafter (after a struggle, I suppose) "it will prevail." But whatever may be thought about this, the verb is in the present tense in the Latin text, and not in the future. I write this to relieve my mindnot with much hope of working a reformation. About nine years ago I called attention in N. & Q.' to another misquotation-that of the last words of Habakkuk, ii. 2: "Write the vision, and make it plain, so that he may run that readeth it," which is commonly, if not universally, turned Ryde. "ON THE CARPET."-An old labourer here used this expression in conversation with me a few days ago to denote something which had been the subject of village talk. It seems to be connected with other expressions: "to be called on to the carpet" or to have a good carpeting," meaning to have a good lecture, talking to, or scolding. It is a direct translation of the French sur le tapis; but how do Sussex labourers get hold of it? I find it is common among them? Selmeston, 66 W. D. PARISH. [A labourer called before his employer is called from bare boards on to a carpet, and expects a scolding.] Queene att Spittheade, Septembr ye 6th, 95. This comes to acknowledge the favoure of your's of therein, as alsoe whatsoever you shall please to conferr the 29th ultmo, and to assure you that your commands upon me hereafter, shall be obey'd with a care answerable HAIR TURNED WHITE WITH SORROW, FRIGHT, to that greate honoure and respect I have for you. I &c. (See 7th S. ii. 6, 93, 150, 238, 298, 412, 518; putting the shipps in readinesse to execute them, but God have now my sayling Instructions, and am as fast as I cann iii. 95.)—The following extract from a recent numknowes we are in a miserable condition both as to the ber of the Metzer Zeitung (date not given), which I quallitie and number of our men; and if those shipps copy from the London German paper Hermann of Mr Russell leaves should not be in a much better conDec. 8, 1888, seems, if authentic (and it is scarcely dition in that particular than theise I carry wth me likely that so circumstantial a story should have I must be apprehensive, the consequence of coming upon service may be verie fatall to us; my thoughts of been invented), to show that the colour of the wch I doe assure you gives me some melancholy houres. feathers of birds is, like that of the hair of man, I pray god send us better successe then can reasonably be liable to be changed suddenly to white by ex-hop'd for under theise unhappy circumstances, and give tremely violent emotions. And if so, it is prome leave to conclude my letter with the assurance that I bable that the hair of animals (beasts) also may be am in truth and sinceritie, blanched from the same causes. Sr, yr most obedient and The passage runs as follows: "Ich besitze einen spanischen Hahn, der sich durch ein schönes schwarzes Gefieder, welches keine Spur einer anderen Färbung aufwies, auszeichnete. Vermuthlich auf einer Entdeckungsreise gerieth dieser stolze Spanier eines most humble servt, G. ROOKE. After reading this it is not surprising to find it recorded in history that in 1696 Sir George Rooke, having the chief command of the Channel fleet, Abends in den Behälter der Schweine, die, zur Gast- was ordered to prevent the Toulon squadron from freundschaft nicht geneigt, dem Armen übel zusetzten getting into Brest, which, from the defective manund ihn ohne Gnade gemordet haben würden, wenn seinning of his ships, he was unable to accomplish. Wehgeschrei nicht rechtzeitig Menschenhilfe herbeigerufen hätte, die ihn seinem Harem zuführte. Mit dem Verlust der schönsten Schwanzfedern wäre der Vorwitz genügend gebüszt gewesen; das miszliche Abenteuer war ihm aber so zu Herzen gegangen, resp. auf die Nerven geschlagen, dasz er, der Tagsvorher noch in jugendlicher Schöne die Gärten durchwandelte, am anderen Morgen als-Greis auf dem Futterplatze erschien. Die Federn auf dem Kopfe sind vollständig weisz geworden, am Halse und auf dem Rücken etwa die Hälfte, so dasz er hier gesprenkelt erscheint.' On this account he underwent a long examination Swallowfield Park, Reading. LARRIKIN.-The following account of the origin of a word which is in common use in the Australian colonies may perhaps be thought worthy of a place in N. & Q.' It will be of interest to Dr. Murray, tribution to the language. Our larrikin has lately if he has not already heard of the sergeant's contaken to himself a mate in the form larrikiness :— For the benefit of those who do not know German I give a brief summary of the above. A perfectly black Spanish cock made his way into a pigsty. The pigs would speedily have killed him had not his cries brought him help. He was rescued with-known members of the police force, died at the Royal out having apparently sustained any greater damage than the loss of his finest tail feathers. On the following morning, however, it was ob "Sergeant James Dalton, one of the oldest and bestPark station, of which he was in charge, yesterday afternoon. Dalton was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1828, and after serving five years in the Irish constabulary |