the name of a colour. What is the colour? In swallowed up with a village by an earthquake what language has tenney that meaning? JAMES D. BUTLER.

Madison, Wis., U.S.

OTHERWISE.-What is implied by this word when employed in the index volumes to the wills at Somerset House, in cases such as the following : "Walton alias Denny, Thomas"? F. W. D.

JOSEPH ALLEN, BISHOP OF ELY.-Can any readers give me any particulars of, and lists of works and sermons written by Joseph Allen, Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, and afterwards Bishop of Ely? He died April 13, 1845.

MEDICI. "SADDLES, WONTOWES AND OVERLAYES."-I have met with the above in a will of the seventeenth century. What is meant by "wontowes and overlayes "? H. FISHWICK.

many centuries ago is still continued?

G. S. B.
"YOUR WITS ARE GONE WOOL-GATHERING."
Can any one explain this common saying?
C. TOMLINSON, F.R.S.
Highgate, N.

SCHOOL STOCKS.-An old lady lately told me that customary to transfer any pupil who was found when she went to school, sixty years ago, it was sitting with one foot over the other to a corner of the room, where a shallow wooden box, with two compartments in the shape of a V, was placed. Here she was required to stand, with a foot in each division, to cultivate deportment by turning her toes out in the orthodox fashion, and here she remained until she could attract the attention of some other pupil to a fresh offender. Being thus provided with a witness, she was able to prove her case, and exchange places with the latest delinWILLIAMS.-In Prendergast's " Cromwellian quent. Was this plan adopted at other girls' Settlement of Ireland,' p. 433, in the list of "Ad-schools-or rather "seminaries for young ladies," venturers," is mentioned (No. 919), "John Williams, ffeltmaker," who then lived in Glamorganshire, Wales, and subsequently went to Ireland and settled on land granted him in return for his subscription. What family in Wales did John Williams belong to? J. FLETCHER WILLIAMS. St. Paul, Minn., U.S.

CROWLAND.-What is the meaning of the saying, "Every cart that comes to Crowland is shod with silver? M. G. W. P.

HUSSHIP. In a MS. book of Sarum Horæ, in the possession of G. S. Dewick, Esq., is the following note:

"My sonne Stephen was borne the xijth day of June .....1559.....his godfathers my brother Stephin Vaughan and Mr. Hardyng and Mres my lady harper alderwoman godmother and his unkle Thomas Wisman husshipped him."

a

as they were then called-and does it exist anywhere in the present day? WM. UNDERHILL.

JOHNSON FAMILY. -In an old memorandum book of births, &c., I find the following entry: "My aunt Johnson died 28th August, 1821, aged seventy-two." Can any correspondent enable me to identify this lady, who is believed to have lived in or near London ? S-A.

ST. CATHERINE DE RICCI.-February 13 is the tercentenary of the death of this celebrated Florentine. Can any one give a list of paintings of this saint in the galleries of Europe?

W. LOVELL

originator of the familiar saying that "God created "MEN, WOMEN, AND HERVEYS."-Who was the buted to the Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Townshend, men, women, and Herveys"? It has been attriand to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.

G. F. R. B.

What is husship? Unless there be anything in conjecture of my own, which I keep back for the present, I have not met with any explanation, or any other example of the word. The blanks in the above extract represent words which I omitted to copy as being immaterial to the present ques-in divinity. John Wesley, in his famous Korah tion.

Winterton, Doncaster.

J. T. F.

OXFORD DIVINITY DEGREES.-I wish to know when the statute was enacted which made it necessary to be in priest's orders before graduating

sermon, speaks of a certain doctor in divinity of his day who was a layman; and Dr. Routh, President of Magdalen, was certainly only a deacon statutes of 1784 provide that the candidate for when he proceeded to that degree. The Oxford the degree of B.D. should preach a Latin sermon in St. Mary's-implying that he must be at least E. L. H. TEW, M.A.

in deacon's orders.

Hornsea Vicarage, East Yorkshire.

FESTIVAL OF TRINITY.-Has the festival of Trinity ever had an octave in any part of the Western or Eastern Church? IGNORAMUS.

valued him sufficiently to buy a copy of his work. He was not a Churchman, for he says as much in addressing the Vicar of Wattisfield; he was not a Quaker, for he speaks of the Friends with respect, but ab extra; and he belonged to some sect which actually allowed him to think well not only of other sects, but even of the Church of England. He apologizes, indeed-and well he might-for this breadth of charity; and his apology is the more remarkable thing of the two, for he says that his prejudices "subsided in proportion to his gaining acquaintance with the religious world." Such a person almost deserves to be reconstructed, if one could get at him, although he has not a spark of humour and his blank verse is not verse at all, and his rhymes are mainly of the tombstone sortCowper and water, especially water.

And therefore, though remaining lame, I'll magnify Jehovah's name! says he, very properly; just as if he were writing a hymn for the Rev. John Newton.

Such would thy lot have been, had Betsy slept!

he again observes, and no doubt with truth. He tells an old gentleman who had made himself a chair

out of a tree that

If thou hadst not with early care
Planted the spreading tree,
Thou hadst not had that easy chair,

The following characterisms of the Zodiacal signs a century later may be worth comparing with the curious account already given. I abbreviate it from an English translation of 'Spectacle de la Nature,' 1743, vol. i. The first constellation in which the sun is found is named from the animal first brought forth with the new year, the lamb, or its parent the ram-Ares in March; the second from the parent of the calf or the bull-Taurus in April; while the goat's frequent twin kids give us Gemini in May. The crab's retrograde motion symbolizes the sun's commencing return in June, while July heats and the sun's power then are shown by the lion, or Leo. The harvests of August are figured by the virgin gleaner Virgo, and the equal days and nights of the autumn equinox by the balanced scales-Libra in September. The scorpion shows well the autumnal distempers of October, formerly more dreaded than now, while the Sagittary represents November hunting. The high climbing goat Capricorn, like the returning crab in June, illustrates the commencing climb back of the sun But then he is also aware that in December. January's downfall is shown in the waterpot of Aquarius, and fishes appear and fishing sports begin under the Pisces of February. W. C. M. B.

Nor heard these lines from me.

He knows (and here, too, we can quite agree with
him) that

Should he who would a bride select
Be governed by her form,
He'll afterwards some faults detect,
Perhaps may hear a storm!

On firmer ties his joys depend
Who has a polish'd female friend!

From which we may infer that he was a bachelor,
and was patronized by Mrs. Waller, of Pulham.
Again, he rises once more to higher themes. He
describes the harmonies of heaven-

Ah! what an entertaining treat,

To hear such music flow!

he says,
And he ends the tale of a converted coachman with
the statement that

'VILLAGE MUSINGS' (7th S. vii. 266).-I have a copy of this little book, for which I gave fourpence. Probably Messrs. Jarrold, of Norwich, who printed and issued the volume in 1837, could say who its author was. Their firm, or at any rate a firm of the same name, still exists; and a copy of their catalogue of books for the current month is as the tears ran down the Coachman's face now before me. The dedication to 'Village MusOne heard him singing "I am saved by grace!" ings' is signed "C. W., Pulbam St. Mary Mag- Precious as these sayings may be to the humourist dalen "; and as the dervish was able to describe-and they have been quite worth fourpence even the camel and its load which he had never seen, so any observant person may easily reconstruct C. W. out of his own 188 pages. He was a retired village schoolmaster, or overseer of the poor, or studious clerkly shoemaker. He was a worthy, amiable, middle-aged, little man; a simple, halfeducated Christian, whose piety was of the " evangelical" sort; and, indeed, he knew no other sort, though our respected old contributor F. C. H.

to me-I do not quote them merely to make fun of the excellent C. W. He and his like are good specimens of the perfectly pure, but also perfectly dull and commonplace literature which has long delighted the respectable lower middle classes in Britain, and often the respectable upper middle classes too. And therefore I think that C. W.'s subscription-list is the most interesting part of his volume. It contains no fewer than 960 names; and.

William Montague Manning, of New South Wales)
was not the author of 'Old New Zealand.' Judge
F. E. Maning (not Manning), the "Pakeha Maori,"
was at one time Native Land Court Judge in the
Auckland district of New Zealand. He was one
of the oldest settlers in the North Island. He
died in London on July 25, 1883.
W. KENNAWAY.
QUARTERLANDS (7th S. vii. 348).—For this word
see 3rd S. viii. 310, 484. JULIUS STEGGALL.
CLUBBING (7th S. vii. 348).—Surely only the
ordinary use of the word! When, for example,
hair is turned "in upon itself" it is said to be
"clubbed."
D.

as many of the subscribers took more than one copy each, the total number of copies sold amounts to no fewer than 1,040. One thousand and forty copies of such stuff as that which I have quoted! The names are nearly all East Anglian. They consist, apparently, of Norfolk and Suffolk squires, and parsons, and farmers, and tradesmen. Some of them are known to us from of old. Thus, Bernard Barton, Esq., Woodbridge (note the "Esq."). takes two copies; one of the Bevans, of Bury St. Edmund's, takes two copies; no fewer than seven Cattermoles subscribe, and these include the Rev. R. Cattermole, B.D., of the Royal Society of Literature, and J. F. Cattermole, Esq., London; Richard Cobbold, of Wortham Rectory, Margaret Catchpole's biographer, takes two copies, and is followed by another Reverend Cobbold and his VERBAL COINAGE (7th S. vii. 305).—In a novel wife; the Rev. G. Crabbe, M.A., of Ufford, son of which I published in 1870 I spoke of some one as the poet, subscribes; so does J. J. Gurney, Esq., a great bore, or stated that one person had been of Earlham Hall; so does our old friend the Rev. bored by another. At this distance of time I canF. C. Husenbeth, who dates from Cossey; so does not call to mind what form the sentence assumed. Mrs. Amelia Opie, of Norwich; so does the Rev. At that time there was living near here a member W. J. Unwin, M.A., of Woodbridge, whose kin- of the medical profession, a graduate of Edinburgh. ship if any to William Cawthorne Unwin one He was an old friend of mine, and read the book would be glad to discover. as soon as it was published. After certain other In reading this feeble but estimable work—critical remarks, he said that he could not underwhich probably gave to its subscribers a pleasure stand what I meant by the word bore. He had akin to that conveyed by Boston's Fourfold never met with the word before. He was a learned State' to Maggie Tulliver's aunt-I have been man, and one of much observation, and yet had never constantly reminded of a certain kind of hymn, heard till 1870 a word which the Annual Register dear to our Protestant fathers, but, alas! not often informs us was on men's lips ninety-eight years audible in these days. It is that kind which rebefore. Dr. Murray quotes it as a verb under peats three times the first half of the penultimate 1768 and 1774. We may therefore conclude that line before you are allowed to sing the second half, he has come on very nearly the earliest date of the as in this well-known example :—

Man he is a poor poll-
Man he is a poor poll-
Man he is a poor poll-

uted worm;

or this other, which is like unto it :-
How oft, alas, we vainly strive
To catch a flee-
To catch a flee-

To catch a flee

ting breath!

Those who could sing such hymns in serious mood
were just the people who would buy C. W.'s lucu-
brations.
A. J. M.

THOMAS PERCY, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND
(7th S. vii. 264).—With reference to MR. PEACOCK'S
quotation and query, if that gentleman will go to
the British Museum and refer to vol. ii. p. 108 of
Mr. de Fonblanque's 'Annals of the House of
Percy,' printed for private circulation last year, he
will find the verses by Singleton on the surrender
by the Scots of the seventh Earl of Northumber-
land in extenso.
J. H.
"PAKEHA MAORI" (7th S. vii. 327).-Sir Wil-
liam Manning (by whom, I presume is meant Sir

word.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

CRABBE'S 'TALES' (7th S. vi. 506; vii. 114, 214).—What one sees the valued signature of MR. BOUCHIER attached to is sure, as a rule, to make the eye run to it. His rejoicing, however, at the leaps and bounds towards humanity that England is making, and which soon will land her in the disorderly kingdom of no-government, contempt of law, disrespect to age, and general disobedience in the class-room and at home, is to me melancholy. The "evil, lash-ruled days" carried the better promise with them, and the blue wound had for its advocate King Solomon -as wise a man as most of us, and knowing man, and what is in man, quite as well as we. The application of the rod may, of course, be carried too far, and so may the negation of it; the application in excess may prove injurious to individuals, but the entire negation can, in its folly, ruin a whole people. Let the law, now impotent of justice, trespass yet more in wrong, and step between the father and due chastisement of a refractory child, administering to him imprisonment with hard labour. I say the law is a curse that so interferes between the offspring and a parent. The respect