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William Trafford, the last Abbot of Sawley, was executed for his share in the Pilgrimage of Grace, which took place in 1536, as was also John Paslew, the last abbot of the adjacent abbey of Whalley. In the chancel of the parish church of Whalley are some finely carved oak stalls with pillars and tabernacle work, brought from the abbey at the time of the Dissolution, and of a date only a little prior to it. Over the stall once occupied by the abbot is inscribed, "Semper gaudentes sint ista sede sedentes"-anything but a true prediction. He was buried in the church at Whalley after his execution, under a slab yet bearing the simple inscription "Miserere Mei."

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

"KIND REGARDS."-Mr. Albert Gray, in the second volume of his translation for the Hakluyt Society of the 'Voyage of François Pyrard,' says in a note, p. 80, "Port. recado, a message or errand: the plural recados is used as our 'compliments.' The expression seems to have been taken up by the English of Bombay and Surat, as in 1675 we find Dr. Fryer (p. 71) stating that a Jesuit near the former place 'sent his Recarders with the presents of the best fruit and wines, and whatever we wanted.' Unless Dr. Murray and his coadjutors can give earlier authority, I venture to think we have here the original of our modern phrase kind regards.' The word recado is Spanish, and signifies "message," as in Portuguese, but it also carries several other meanings. Recadero is a messenger. I shall be glad to know if Mr. Gray's supposition holds good. There is a passage in the 'Don Quixote,' pt. ii. chap. xxv., "acabar de dar recado á mi bestia," where, of course, the word means “provender "; and in chap. xlviii. another, "todo recado amoroso," "all love messages," as one may translate it; and again another, "Yo recado de nadie," which may be rendered "I regard no one," expressed with indignation. The word also means a" tool," and I may have been once misled by this subordinate rendering. I should like to know.

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Staffordshire) and was acquainted with the Dickens family; but I do not remember them claiming any kinship to the author of ' Pickwick.' I think that Dickens always prided himself on being "a man of Kent," and I also think that, like "the grand old gardener," he was one who "similed at the claim of long descent." CUTHBERT Bede.

SPIDER-COT.-As this word does not find a place in Latham's or Richardson's dictionaries, nor even in Ogilvie's last edition, it may be well to record its use for the 'N.E.D.' The Rev. F. O. Morris, in his 'Nests and Eggs of English Birds,' London, 1853, royal 8vo., vol. i. p. 149, makes use of it in his description of the chaffinch's nest, "Others are without any wool, its place being supplied with thistle-down and spider-cots."

W. E. BUCKLEY.

THE SCHOOLMASTER WANTED. -The following note (verbatim et literatim) was received a short time since by the secretary of a hospital in the North-East of England ::

"Sir eye receved afue lines requesten the westleans to make acolection for the......hospetle whe have dun our best for you.-R. C." SEPTUAGENARIUS.

"ARRANT SCOT."-In the 'Poems of William Drummond of Hawthornden,' London, 1656, at p. 187, is 'Aretinus Epitaph ':

Here Aretine lies most bitter gall,
Who whilst he lived spoke evill of all,
Only of God the Arrant Scot

Naught said, but that he knew him not. Had the author been of any other nation it might have been surmised that he had some grudge against "dear old Scotland"; but how comes Drummond to use the term very much as we apply it in the phrase an arrant rogue"?

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W. E. BUCKLEY.

HALKETT AND LAING'S 'DICTIONARY OF ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS LITERATURE': A CorRECTION. -Halkett and Laing (vol. iii. p. 2216) ascribe, on the authority of the Manchester Free Library Catalogue, to R. B. Aspland the authorship of 'The Rise, Progress, and Present Influence of Wesleyan Methodism,' London, 1831. The pamphlet was, however, written by John Relly Beard, D.D., whose autograph inscription "From the author" is in the Manchester Free Library copy, while it is advertised as "by the same author" at the end of Dr. Beard's 'Extinction of Slavery,' 1838. E. A.

CLERKS OF THE PEACE. (See 3rd S. x. 148, 315.)-The question as to the authority by which clerks of the peace were in the habit of affixing their names to papers without the Christian name was examined in 'N. & Q.,' 3rd S. x. 148, 315, with only a negative result. A recent number of the Justice of the Peace, vol. iii. p. 684, October 27,

has a similar query, from which it appears that nothing more is known of the custom than there is in the statement of MR. F. RULE at the reference above (p. 315):—

"It is customary in many counties for the clerk of peace to sign only his surname in that capacity. Can you tell me whether this is a sufficient signature, and also the origin of the practice?-C. P.

"Answer. We are unable to state the origin of the

practice, but it is very common, and we think such a signature quite sufficient."

ED. MARSHALL.

SPENCE'S ANECDOTES.'-These anecdotes were first published in 1820, when two editions appeared, one edited by Malone, the other by S. W. Singer. In the former the arrangement of Spence's material was altered by bringing together all that directly concerned Pope under the heading of "Popiana," and the book, being without an index, is practically useless for reference. Singer's edition is a transcript of the notes, and I wish to point out that here and there errors and obscurities have been retained in the text, also that more information about persons mentioned might with advantage have been supplied. The editor seems, indeed, to have been aware of some shortcomings, for in his preface he writes:

"The notes are merely such as occurred to me in transcribing the work for the press; more time or more convenient access to books would have enabled me to enlarge them."

A second edition of this book was issued by J. Russell Smith in 1858, but it is a mere reprint in a smaller form.

The spelling of proper names was somewhat arbitrary formerly, and Mr. Singer seems to have taken them as they stood without inquiry. Thus mention is made of " Mr. Manwaring" in both text and index, and it is only when later (p. 338) he is stated to have been a member of the Kit-Cat Club we discover that Arthur Maynwaring, the politician, wit, and friend of Mrs. Oldfield, the actress, is referred to. "Prior” and “Pryor" both occur, to the disfigurement of the text. The prefix "Mr." is used without the name by which the identity of the person is recognized. Thus we have "Mr." Allen and "Mr." Richardson, junior. A reference to Prior Park is all we have to show the former to be Ralph Allen, whilst the clue which proves the latter to be the painter Jonathan Richardson the younger is a foot-note giving the title of a book he wrote, by which we trace the author.

The name of "Mrs." Blount occurs at p. 357, and a note informs us that Martha Blount, "called Mrs., though unmarried, in accordance with the custom of the period," is referred to; but we are not told whether this applies, as I suppose it does, wherever the name appears, and the index gives seven entries to the former and but one to th latter. At p. 174 we read Phillips in his 'Cyder' has 'succeeded extremely well," &c. This entry in

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3, Earl's Terrace, Kensington, W.

BEARDED DARNEL AND BARLEY.-The following paragraph occurs in Mr. J. E. Taylor's 'Half Hours in the Green Lanes,' fourth edition, 1877, p. 275. Is the statement fact or folk-lore? From the way the author presents it to his readers one would imagine that he had evidence for its truth. I have been a barley-grower for nearly forty years, but have never heard of it. Darnel seed could not be mixed with barley unless it were done on pur pose. It is so much smaller and lighter than ever inferior barley that it must assuredly be remove by the winnowing machine :—

"The Bearded Darnel (Lolium temulentum), so called on account of its long awns, is supposed by some writers to be the tares' to which the Saviour alluded in his parable of the tares and wheat. The seeds of this species have a very peculiar intoxicating effect. When malted with barley the ale brewed from the mixture produces speedy drunkenness; and if they are ground up with bread-corn the bread, if eaten hot, produces a similar effect."

A LINCOLNSHIre Farmer.

CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.-In turning zine for 1824, I have come upon an exposure or over the leaves of a volume of Blackwood's Magaexplanation of a joke against the people of the United States, that has passed current among the small change of conversation from a period stretching back beyond the time that the present readers of and writers in N. & Q.' were born. People tell each other, with grave countenances, that the American Congress, once upon a time, passed a resolution or an act-the form the thing took is somewhat vague-that the citizens of the United States "are the most enlightened people upon earth." The writer of the review of a book called took the trouble to hunt this fable to earth. Its A Summary View of America,' by an Englishman, origin, it seems, was thus :—

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"Some twenty-eight years ago, when George Washington was ready to retire from public life, the American Congress passed a resolution of which these words were a part: 'the spectacle of a free and enlightened nation."" Vol. xvi. p. 634.

Upon these words, and upon them only, it seems that the story has been founded. It is pleasant to be able to trace a fable to the vanishing point. Perhaps some reader of N. & Q.,' English or American, may be able to do a like service for another fragment of what may not unfitly be called historical folk-lore. I have been gravely told more

than once that in the early days of the American republic a Congressman moved that, as the United States had now become an independent nation, it was important that it should have a national language, and not remain any longer the slave of the old country in its speech. He had been i formed, he continued, that Greek was the noblest of all languages, and it was the mother tongue of men who were as devoted to republican institutions as they were themselves. He therefore moved that from that time forward Greek only should be taught in the state schools, and that all official documents should, for the future, be written in this language. It is an amusing tale, but no one, I suppose, believes it to be true. Like the other story, it probably has some foundation. ASTARTE.

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reached its destination, and was deposited at
Metz. Is either of these now in existence; and, if
so, where?
SI VIS.

ST. GREGORY.-Is there any valid reason forTM
attributing to St. Gregory the Liber Responsalis
sive Antiphonarius,' which is published in Migne's
Patrologie,' as taken from the 'Codex Compen-
diensis' of the ninth century?
SI VIS.

pendiensis' of as early a date as the ninth century;
or is it now generally regarded as a compilation of
a later period?
SI VIS.

'CODEX COMPENDIENSIS.'-Is the 'Codex Com

EXECUTION OF MONGÉOT.-In the eighteenth century a man called Mongéot was broken on the wheel for robbery. The crime was committed for the benefit of a woman named Lescombat, who died in 1755. During the execution the victim's skin turned red, on which the heartless Lescombat, who was present, remarked, "Il fallait bien celà pour faire rougir Mongéot." In what French author is this incident narrated?

GALLOPHILUS.

in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, a very
WOODEN BRIDGE AT SCHAFFHAUSEN.-We have

beautiful skeleton model of Grubenman's famous
bridge, which was burnt by the French in 1799.
The model was presented to the museum in 1771
by the fourth Earl of Bristol, then Lord Bishop of
Londonderry. It is thought that it is an original,
made by Grubenman himself at Schaffhausen.
Of this we are seeking for proof. Can any reader
say how and when it was acquired by the Earl of
Bristol?
V. BALL,

Director S. and A. Museum.

BOOK ILLUSTRATING, by which I mean Gran- SIR JOHN FRIEND. gerizing, or adding to a work portraits, views, and N. & Q.' inform me if there is any pedigree, Can any reader of subjects not orginally done for that work or edition printed or otherwise, of Sir John Friend, executed of the work. I seek the best authorities on this sub-by William III.? Is he mentioned in the Friend ject. This art, I understand, is extensively prac- pedigree printed by the Harleian Society? tised in the United States. Perhaps some of your correspondents on the other side of the Atlantic may be able to indicate books published in America and less generally known here. H. S. A.

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J. H. L. DE VAYNES.

6, West Cliff Mansions, Ramsgate. "GOFER" BELLS: "GOFER" MONEY.-Can any one give the meaning of the term gofer? At certain doles given at Bridport, Dorset, applicants say that they are going for the gofer money. I had thought this to be some corrupted local term, but a few days since I saw in the Inquirer news paper the words gofer bells.

COUNTESS OF BLESSINGTON.

A. J.

In Maclise's

sketch portrait of the Countess of Blessington (Fraser's Magazine, vol. vii. p. 267, 1833, and Maclise's Portrait Gallery, p. 159), a portrait of the countess is shown upon the wall in the background. Does this represent the picture by Sir Thos. Lawrence which was bought by the Marquis of Hertford at the sale at Gore House in 1849?

And who executed the mezzotint engraving of this portrait? Sir Thos. Lawrence exhibited a portrait of Lady Blessington at the Royal Academy in 1822. JOHN BILSON. Hull.

CORFE CASTLE.—I have seen it stated in books of reference that King John caused twenty-two noblemen to be starved to death in the dungeons of Corfe Castle. Can any of your readers inform me the authority for this statement, and if it is trustworthy. Were they the prisoners taken in Rochester Castle A.D. 1215, and sent to Corfe? If not, is there any record of what became of these

barons or of their release?

E. P.

MACARONI.-Who first applied this term to the inane fop or dude of the latter half of the eighteenth century? I find the creature thus described in the Oxford Magazine for June, 1770, vol. iv. p. 228, col. 2:

"There is indeed a kind of animal, neither male nor female, a thing of the neuter gender, lately started up amongst us. It is called a Macaroni. It talks without meaning, it smiles without pleasantry, it eats without appetite, it rides without exercise."

F. J. FURNIVALL.

THE GARRARD FAMILY.-1. The original name of this family was written Attegare. How is this accounted for? The first bearer of the name was Alured Attegare, of Buchland, in Sittingbourne, Kent. Can any one give me the date? Not given by Berry or any of the pedigrees I have seen. 2. Benedict Garrard, or Garret, brother of Sir John Garrard, the first baronet, created 19 James I., bought Ifield Court, Northfleet, Kent, in the reign of Charles I., and his descendant (Hasted's 'Kent'), Edward Garrard, possessed it in 1704. How can I find the intermediate descendants?

3. Edward Garrard had four daughters coheiresses, all of whom married, and they sold Ifield Court in 1766. The third daughter married Thomas Light, of London, merchant. How can I trace the latter and his descendants? PERCY CLARK.

24, Duke Street, St. James's.

GEORGE FLEETWOOD.-In Noble's 'Lives of the Regicides' it is stated that George Fleetwood after his release from imprisonment "passed over to America, and lived with those whose sentiments were congenial to his own" (i. 245). Can any one inform me of the date of George Fleetwood's death, and of any evidence confirming the fact of his emigration to America? C. H. FIRTH.

33, Norham Road, Oxford.

arms of Johnstone of Annandale, with a change of tinctures and the wings omitted.) Below the arms is this inscription: THOMAS JOHNSON, HALIFAX, JULY 7, 1776," just three days after "the declaration of independence." The reverse exhibits a with a spire to the spectator's left, and a mast with coast view, with a house in the middle, a church a flag to the right; in the sea a ship with British colours at the stern, a boat with oars to the left, and one with sails to the right. The edge is milled with a pattern. Thomas Johnson was doubtless a Royalist. Is anything known respecting him and his family, or the medal above described? I suppose the Halifax referred to is that in Nova Scotia, but there are other towns so named in North ALPHEGE. America.

PARODY WANTED. -Can any of your readers supply the full text of the skit of which the following are portions? It appeared in consequence House near London Bridge :of some failure in the foundations of the Custom

This is the house that Jack built.

This is the sleeper that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the pile

That was short all the while,
That lay, &c.
That propped up the sleeper
This is Mr. Peto
Appointed to see to
The driving the pile
That was short, &c.

This is Lang the surveyor,
Who took such care

To be filled up with rubbish instead of brick.
To order the spandrils stout and thick
This is John Bull, with his pockets so full,
Who gave 300,000 pound

For a tumble-down house that fell to the ground.
Who paid all the fees
With a great deal of ease

To all the grave counsellors bouncing and big,
In Westminster Hall,
Every one in his three-tailed wig,
So lofty and tall, &c.

Kettering.

J. ALFRED GOTCH.

JOHN ROLLOS.-I have before me an order, dated June 1, 1731, commencing :

66

By virtue of his Ma's General Letters Patent Dormant bearing date the 22d day of June, 1727. That you deliver and pay of such his Mats Treasure as remains in

your charge unto John Rollos, Gent., Chief Engraver of his Mats Signets and Seals, or his assigns, the sum of Three hundred ninety five pounds ten shillings and two pence half penny due to him for making and engraving the several Seals and Signets under mentioned used in England, and for Silver duty and other materials fitted for the same according to an Examination upon his Demands by the Officers of his Ma Mint in the Tower of London, viz.," &c.

MEDAL OF THOMAS JOHNSON, HALIFAX (NORTH AMERICA), 1776.-I have seen an engraved silver medal, rather more than 1 in. in diameter. On the obverse is a coat of arms: Gules, a saltire or, The document then sets out the items of the on a chief of the second three square cushions, not account, and ends with the receipt of John Rollos, tinctured. Crest: a spur, no wings. (These are the dated June 18, 1731. Where can I find any

The

account of this engraver and medalist?
work charged for in this account comprises :-
"A large double Judicial Seal in silver for the Countys
of Denbigh, Montgomery, and Flint.

"A large double Judicial Seal in Silver for the Countys of Glamorgan, Brecknock, and Radnor.

"A large double Judicial Seal in Silver for the Countys of Carnarvon, Merioneth, and Anglesea.

"A large Judicial double Seal in Silver for the Countys of Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke.

"A large double Seal in Silver for the most Noble Order of the Garter, Engraven on one side with the effigies of St George on Horseback fighting with the Dragon with an Inscription, and on the other side with the Arms of the

said Order within the Garter.

"Engravin a Signet in Steel for the said Order with the Arms of the Order impaled with his Mats Imperial

Arms."

The description of the engraving on the seals is set out in each case similar to the garter seal and signet. T. N.

FRENCH TWENTY-FRANC PIECE.-On one side is the head of Napoleon I. and the inscription "Napoleon Empereur"; on the reverse "20 francs," surrounded by a wreath and the inscription, “ Republique Française. An 13"; and a small figure, intended, I believe, to represent the French cock. Round the edge of the coin are the words, "Dieu protege la France." How is it that this coin commemorates both the empire and the republic?

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ton a public-house called "The Fox and Vivian." "THE FOX AND VIVIAN."-There is in LeamingWhat is the origin of this sign? F. G. D.

MANTLE STREET.-In a small town in Somersetshire there is a street called Mantle Street. Can any one suggest a derivation for this street name? Could it be connected with the "mantells" which in Manor Court Rolls are often presented as being dangerous or out of repair? A. L. HUMPHREYS.

26, Eccleston Road, Ealing.

Replies.

DRESS OF LONDON APPRENTICE TEMP.

ELIZABETH.

(7th S. vi. 467.)

E. H. LOVELYN'S POEMS,' &c.-I am told that the copy of these which I possess is valuable. Can any one tell me of the author, or of the value of his book? The title-page is as follows: Latin and English Poems, by a Gentleman of Trinity College, Oxford. 'Nec lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum.'-Hor. London, printed in the year MDCCXXXVIII." With this is bound up "Moral Tales, a Christmas Night's Entertainment. Lady By A new edition. London. Printed in, Planché's History of Costume' that the It is to be inferred from, if not actually stated for T. Becket, Pall Mall, M.DCCLXXXIII. half a crown." Price costume of London apprentices in Elizabeth's The book contains manuscript reign was very little (if any) different from that notes connecting some of the persons mentioned of the same class in the reign of Edward VI. with certain portraits in Hogarth's 'Rake's Pro- and Mary, though that of the higher classes had gress.' F. W. P. reign of Henry VIII. until the long doublets, been gradually changing through and from the stuffed and slashed trunk hose, and large ruffs ap peared in all their full-blown magnificence in the good queen's reign. The costume of the boys of Christ's Hospital was doubtless a near approach to the dress, if not the dress itself, of the apprentices of the reigns of Edward and Mary, with a probable for Planché says:variation in its indoor and out-of-door character,

[Latin and English Poems,' Lond., 1738, 4to., appears to be by Loveling, not Lovelyn. A copy is in the Bodleian. It was reprinted, 12mo., 1741. A copy of the early edition sold for 7s. in the Dent sale, and one of the later for 5s. 6d. in the Hibbert.]

COMITATUS CERETICUS. What earldom or county is this? I ask because I lately picked up a copy of Lemon's Etymological Dictionary (1783) in which is the following book-plate inscription:-"Collegio Sancti Davidis apud Llanbedr in Comitatu Ceretico d. d. d. Thomas Phillips de Brunswick Square apud Londinenses Armiger, 1841." I can find in the Clergy List' only one Llanbedr, but this is in Brecknockshire. If the book belongs to a church or college library, it is

the head, and, indeed, the whole dress, was the costume of the citizens of London...... Blue coats were the common ings were very generally worn...... The jackets of our fire

"The small, flat, round bonnet, worn on one side of

habit of apprentices and serving men, and yellow stock

made in metal, and placed on the sleeve in the sixteenth men and watermen are also of this date, the badge being

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