BOOK OF MARTYRS (7th S. vi. 446).—The book had levied upon horses in 1784. The farmer has a inquired for is

Tennysons; and a volume of unusual interest,
because of the friendship it enshrines, is the late
Charles Tennyson Turner's 'Collected Sonnets, Old
and New' (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.). This
volume contains all the author's sonnets, a touching
memorial poem by the Poet Laureate, and a critical
essay-one of his latest contributions to literature
-by James Spedding.
THOMAS BAYNE.
Helensburgh, N.B.

CHEESE-MAKING (7th S. vi. 446).-The following excerpts from Gervase Markham's 'The English Housewife,' fourth ed., 1631), may perhaps be of service to DR. MURRAY:

pp. 309-10 ("H. and C. Library "), he says that
Clive went to Bath under medical advice, removed
to Walcot, and goes on to give an account of his
suicide, without any intimation of a return to
London. If MR. WALFORD has any authority for
his return he should give it; but until he does so
he cannot expect us to receive his mere assertion
of a fact of which he can have no personal know-
ledge.
G. S.

UNCLE (7th S. vi. 449).—The term uncle's as applied to a pawnbroker's shop is said to be a pun on the Latin word uncus, a hook. Pawnbrokers employed a hook to lift articles pawned before spouts were Having prepared your Cheese-fat answerable to the adopted. "Gone to the uncus," therefore, is exactly proportion of your curd with both your hands joyned tantamount to the more modern phrase "up the together, put your curd therein and breake it and presse spout." Dr. Brewer says the French phrase "à ma it down hard into the fat till you haue fild it; then lay tante" does not mean vpon the top of the curd your flat Cheese-boord, and a to my aunt's," but "to the little small weight thereupon, that the whey may drop scoundrel's," the word tante in French argot being from it into the vnder vessell; when it hath done drop- the most reproachful word they can use in speaking ping take a large Cheese-cloth, and hauing wet it in the of a man. In French the concierge of a prison is cold water, lay it on the Cheese-boord, and then turne called uncle, because the prisoners are "kept there the Cheese vpon it; then lay the cloth into the Cheese-in pawn" by Government. In the seventeenth fat: and so put the Cheese therein againe," &c.-P. 204. century a usurer was called "my uncle" in the When the cheese is "throughly drie" it is "fit to Walloon provinces, because of his near connexion goe into the Cheese-hecke" (pp. 204-5). with spendthrifts, called in Latin nepotes, nephews. J. W. ALLISON. Stratford, E.

Liverpool.

J. F. MANSERGH.

The form chesford, with many others, may be a variant of cheese-vat, represented in the Craven dialect by chess-fat and in that of Northamptonshire by cheeseford, chesford, and cheese-foot. In the Shropshire Word-Book' there are given two forms, cheswit and chespit, with a note that a metrical glossary of about the fourteenth century glosses L. casiarium as chase-wite. Chessel may be a rendering of caseale, given by Dr. Littleton as meaning a cheese-press, and by him quoted from Columella. JULIUS STEGGALL.

BURIAL OF A HORSE WITH ITS OWNER (7th vi. 468).-I never heard of a man near Salisbury who ordered his horse to be slaughtered and buried with him, but near West Camel, in Somersetshire, about five miles from Yeovil, an atheist named White Parsons was buried in a field and his horse with him, according to his own directions. This took place some time in the beginning of this century. To commemorate the circumstance, a monument, which I suppose still exists, was erected over the grave. Report said his body was taken from his grave a few days after his burial, probably by resurrection men. But an old man told a friend of mine who lived near "that he was at work in a field hard by and he saw the devil take him off in a flash of fire."

Mere Down, Mere, Wilts.

THOMAS H. BAKER.

DEATH OF CLIVE (7th S. vi. 207, 293, 430, 518) -Mr. Gleig was a careful biographer, and no doub investigated this question. In his 'Life of Clive,

COACH ROAD BETWEEN EXETER AND LONDON (7th S. vi. 507).-There are eight different routes from London to Exeter given in Paterson's 'Roads' (1822), the shortest being "by Wincaunton and Ilminster," 164 miles, and the longest "by Bath and Wells," 183 miles. A few miles are saved on the way via Taunton by turning off to Collumpton before reaching Tiverton. J. F. MANSergh. Liverpool.

The shortest road to Exeter from London is that by Andover, Wincanton, and Honiton. On this ran the Telegraph, doing the 164 miles in seventeen hours, all stoppages included. The next in shortness is that by Salisbury, Sherborne, an d Honiton, 168 miles. On this ran the Devonport mail-the famous Quicksilver-its time was eighteen hours. I am speaking of the year 1836. MR.

the promotion of the latter to the bench of the Exchequer in May, 1496. The next recorded SolicitorGeneral received the appointment in July, 1507, which is probably the date of Lucas's retirement or death. The custom of knighting both Attorney and Solicitor General dates from the accession of James I., Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Attorney to Elizabeth, who received the honour after twenty years' service, being the only earlier instance. James knighted both Sir Edward Coke and Sir Thomas Fleming, who were in office at his accession, since when, with hardly an exception, the custom has been observed of knighting each holder upon appointment to office.

W. D. PINK.

as not having taken place at a given time. It is a
matter for calculation.
ED. MARSHALL.
Oxford.

'BOOK OF JASHER' (7th S. vi. 468).—The professed translation from the Hebrew by Alcuin was a hoax, perpetrated by Jacob Ilive, the printer, in 1751 (see Anecd. of Bowyer,' and Rowe Mores's Diss. on Founders,' p. 65). It was reprinted in 1829 and 1833. Dr. Donaldson's book was "Jashar :

Fragmenta Archetypa Carminum Hebraicorum in Masorethico Vet. textu passim tessellata, collegit, ordinavit, restituit, in unum corpus redegit, Latine exhibuit, commentario instruxit Jo. Gul. Donaldson, S.T.D., Cantab. BeroPRACTICAL JOKES IN COMEDY (7th S. v. 125, 215, lini, 1854," 8vo; another ed. 1860. It raised a 372; vi. 129, 238).—Revenez à vos moutons.- storm, and among others J. J. S. Perowne came This quotation should be "revenons à ces mou- out with 'Remarks on Donaldson's Jasher,' London, tons." See Jacob's edition of this farce in his 1855; to which Dr. Donaldson replied in 'A Brief 'Recueil de Farces Soties,' &c., p. 96, where he Exposure of the Rev. J. J. S. Perowne, by the says in a note, of which I give a translation,— Editor of Jashar,' 1855. Other tracts were, 'A Reply "All modern editions basing their authority on the to Dr. Donaldson's Defence of Jashar,' by the Rev. reading adopted by Pasquier, gives 'à nos moutons.' It W. G. Cookesley, 1855; 'The Mosaic Miracles is with this variation that this line of Pathelin has be- Real, not Mythical,' by W. G. Cookesley, 1855; come proverbial." 'Strictures on the Rev. W. G. Cookesley's Penny A. COLLINGWOOD LEE. Letter to his Son,' 1855. For these and other particulars see Lowndes, by Bohn, and Smith's 'Dict. Bible,' s. v. "Jasher"; "Dict. Nat. Biog.,' xv. 212 a. T. H. Horne has 'Bibliographical Notes on the Book of Jasher,' 8vo., 12 pp., 1833; and there is a treatise on it, New York, 8vo., 1840.

Waltham Abbey, Essex.

LONGITUDE AND MARRIAGE (7th S. vii. 7).—A case was actually tried in Liverpool some years ago, during my residence in the town, that might serve as a precedent for MR. TROLLOPE. A certain ship, or its cargo (I forget which), was insured for (say) 10,000l. up to 12 P.M. of (say) Oct. 31, 1870. From that hour reinsurance was effected

with another firm of underwriters for double the original amount. Curiously enough, the ship was wrecked in the South Pacific on the very night in which the first insurance expired and the second came into force. The cargo was lost, and only one

or two of the officers and a few of the hands

escaped. They reported that the ship was lost at
twenty minutes after twelve, Liverpool time, but
of course some time before twelve at the place
where the wreck occurred. I need hardly say that
the action was for the recovery of the larger
amount. The underwriters pleaded that they were
not liable. Unfortunately I forget how the case
was decided; but doubtless some of your legal
readers can tell us.
C. C. B.

Is there really any practical difficulty? Would it not be treated in court as a question to be decided on the evidence of experts, who would be examined as to the question whether the wife was in fact alive when the remarriage took place or not? An analogous case occurs continually, when an event which takes place in India is announced in England as having taken place before the time indicated among ourselves. It took place when it did, and can be identified independently of our horology. In the same way an event can be identified

W. C. B. In a later edition of this book, 1833, the editor's name Bond, formerly of Emm. Coll., Camb. is given as the Rev. C. R. The book is a literary forgery, first published in 1751, and exposed in 1778 by Rowe Mores ('Dissertation upon English Typographical Founders'), which exposure is quoted from at length in 'Horne son's Jashar: Fragmenta Archetypa Carminum on the Scriptures,' v. 167 (ed. 1846). Dr. DonaldHebraicorum in Masoretico V.T. textu passim tessellata' was published in 1854. No credit is now given to this attempt to reconstruct the book.

C. F. S. WArren, M.A. Foleshill Hall, Longford, Coventry.

MEDIEVAL NAMES (7th S. vii. 6).—Robert le Engyniur is the English for Robertus Ingeniator. His occupation was to devise and work the various mechanical instruments which were used in medival warfare. See "ingenium" in Cowel. "Ingeniator" occurs, I believe, in some of the Durham records.

W. C. B.

I am obliged to MR. EVANS for his instances of these. I also have "le Engynur," though not so early; it occurs on the Close Roll for 1290. I take it to mean "the machine-worker." Nor have I met with Chalkhill before 1446. The rest are new to me. HERMENTRUDE.

IN MEMORIAM: J. O. HALLIWELL-PHILLIPPS. Let me, who seldom intrude myself into any of the public journals, give a few words in humble praise and reverence of the good and learned man whose loss must be deeply mourned by all who had enjoyed the privilege of his friendship. To other and better hands I leave the record of his lifelong labour, work unceasingly pursued for its own sake and neither for fame nor profit, though fame was not withheld and the highest profit reached him in his perfect independence. Yet his own private correspondence showed, when writing freely to me for many years, in the confidence of friendly sympathy, that he well knew all the imperfections of his past achievements; and to the very last he was unflagging in his efforts to secure more thorough accuracy and extended knowledge. I never knew a man of equally great attainments who was at heart so humble-minded. Of his unfailing courtesy, the sweet and genial nature of this true-hearted and chivalrous gentleman, which never failed to sustain him on the few occasions when ungenerous conduct rewarded his hospitality, all of us can bear witness. He has speedily followed his friend William Chappell, and not long after John Payne Collier, earnest ballad-lovers and faithful friends, who will together be remembered lovingly.

J. WOODFALL EBSWORTH.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages. By J. J.
Jusserand. Translated by Lucy Toulmin Smith.
Illustrated. (Fisher Unwin.)
La Vie Nomade et les Routes d'Angleterre au XIV. Siècle.

Par J. J. Jusserand. (Hachette et Cie.)
THE appearance of a spirited translation of Dr. Jusserand's
admirable work 'La Vie Nomade,' published four years
ago, enables us to make amends for the shortcoming that
left unnoticed the original edition. Dr. Jusserand, who,
as Conseiller d'Ambassade, is now fortunately fixed
among us, has a knowledge of English life and literature
and a familiarity with early English works rare among
English scholars. His book upon our English roads and
bridges, and upon the wayfaring class generally in the
fourteenth century, is a delight to the antiquary. It is
pleasant to be able to state that the translation is, on the
whole, a more desirable work than the original. Not
only has Dr. Jusserand's style been vigorously and
idiomatically translated, the work has been revised by
the author, who has augmented it by one-fourth, and has
substituted for his original preface a second in English.
It has received in addition a large number of illustrations
of singular value and interest. These are drawn from
MSS. and miniatures in the British Museum, the Bod-
leian, the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the Louterell
Psalter, and other sources. To the study of Chaucer,
accordingly, and to a knowledge of the conditions of Eng-
lish life during the fourteenth century the book is an all-
important contribution. In the French the author
modestly says, "Cet ouvrage n'est qu'un chapitre d'une
histoire qui reste à écrire, celle des anglais aux moyen
âge." That Dr. Jusserand will undertake its execution,
or will at least add other chapters to that he has written,

is fervently to be hoped. The early portion deals with
the condition of English roads, the manner in which
bridges were built and maintained, and the perils and
difficulties generally of locomotion. Few, indeed, are
there who will not learn much from the account of these
things, illustrated as they are with admirable designs of
old London Bridge, of the old bridge from Avignon to
Villeneuve, of the superb bridge at Cahors, and of
bridges at Stratford-on-Avon, at Wakefield, Warkworth,
and elsewhere, and of carriages, carts, horse litters,
&c., such as were in use at the time. Following this
comes a second part, no less superbly illustrated, and
dealing with the classes most commonly seen upon the
roads in addition to the great feudal barons and warriors,
that is, with the minstrels, quacks, mountebanks, mer-
chants, and pedlars, the outlaws and predatory classes.
A third part is then specially assigned the religious way-
farers, the wandering preachers and friars, the pardoners
and pilgrims. How excellent is the information supplied
a glance at a single chapter will prove. More than usual
do we chafe under the restrictions of space that forbid
us showing by quotation and otherwise the qualities of a
work which is wholly and specially suited to readers of
N. & Q.,' and is worthy of highest eulogy.
Proverbs, Maxims, and Phrases of all Ages. Compiled
by Robert Christy. 2 vols. (Fisher Unwin.)
THIS work, which comes from America, is useful without
being in any sense ideal. It is probably the largest col-
lection of gnomical or proverbial utterances in English
that has been brought together, and it is free from the
coarseness and impurity which disfigure earlier collec-
tions. It contains, moreover, no merely local proverbs,
and it includes many proverbs from Eastern sources not
easily accessible elsewhere. The arrangement is con-
venient, and the book is shapely and handsome. Here,
however, praise must stop. While supplying references,
the editor might with advantage have gone further, and
told us where to find the sentences he quotes. It is little
good to give a name, such as Mallet, Shakspeare, Scott, and
so forth, and not to supply the particulars that will enable
one to verify. Mr. Christy's abbreviations are very un-
happy.,, We wondered who was the author indicated as
"Bea.," and were long ere we found it was Lord Beacons-
field. Names easily obtainable are omitted, and mistakes
are far too common. Thus, "Only the actions of the
great [should, of course, be just] smell sweet and blossom
in the dust," should appear as Shirley's. "That last in-
firmity of noble mind" is said to be ambition-not fame-
and the line is not ascribed to Milton. Within a space
of four lines we have "Like angels' visits, few and far
between,' anonymous," and "Angel visits, few and
far between,' Campbell." 'Anger is a short madness,"
well known in Latin, is said to be Dutch. "Asses' Bridge
(Pons Assinus) [sic]" appears p. 40; soon afterwards we
hear of Wharton's Life of Pope.' It is a little confusing,
moreover, to have in two consecutive lines "A good be-
ginning makes a bad ending" and "A good beginning
makes a good ending." The whole, in fact, needs careful

revision.

The Philobiblon_of Richard de Bury. Edited and Translated by Ernest C. Thomas. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.)

A NEW, handsome, and scholarly edition of Richard de Bury is a boon to book-lovers. Doubt as to the claims to its authorship of the famous Bishop of Durham has from the first been permissible. Seven manuscripts, at least, assign the authorship to Robert Holcote, or Holkot, one of his chaplains, and this view has been supported by Tanner, Hearne, Warton, and by more recent writers. Mr. Thomas himself, who at first warmly espoused the cause of Richard de Bury, has now all but gone over