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MARY DE LA RIVIÈRE MANLEY.-In my list of Female Poets from Sappho to Mrs. Browning' (see 7th S. iii. 362) was instanced with the rest Manley, Mary de la Rivière, of Guernsey." This information is to be met with in several biographical dictionaries; but this reference to Guernsey would seem to lack truthfulness, for in a correspondence with a learned writer to 'N. & Q.,' a native of this same island, viz., Sir Edgar MacCalloch, I learn that the names of Manley and De

records of the Royal Court (of Guernsey), where
the commissions of governors would be registered,
give no clue to his holding any official capacity in
the island of Guernsey. My kind correspondent
has also caused the registers of St. Peter Port to
be searched for a record of the baptism of the
poetess. Thus it would seem neither of these per-
sons had at any time any connexion with Guern-
sey, or any other of the Channel Islands. Only in
early times, am I further informed, was there
some one of high and noble rank, sometimes a
a governor of all the Channel Islands-generally
prince of the blood, up to the time of Henry VII.
However, we must look elsewhere for record of
the governorship of Sir Roger Manley of any
island, and for the birthplace of Mrs. Mary de la
Rivière Manley. My friend suggests an error of
the original biographer in writing "Channel
Islands" where it should have been Scilly Islands.
I am much interested in this matter, my genial
informant more so. Will any correspondent help
to unveil the mystery surrounding the governor
and the poetess, and so give correction to the
numerous biographical dictionaries blundering one
after another? I am sure Sir E. MacCulloch will
be no less grateful than I to any discloser of
truthful facts in reference to the subject of my
communication.
HERBERT HARDY.

Cullompton, Devon.

FAMILY MOTTOES.-I am now engaged on a work in which my purpose is to deal with the la Rivière do not occur in a close study of the family mottoes of Great Britain and Ireland, genealogies of the principal families of the island circumstances, if any, which led to their adoption. tracing in each case, so far as possible, the special of Guernsey, nor in the record of their alliances. Will you allow me through 'N. & Q.' to solicit the I am very much indebted to your correspondent. assistance of the many readers who could doubtless He has spared no trouble in re this licentious render me invaluable aid in this respect? I wish to follower of the Muse, having had the records of narrate briefly and popularly the circumstances of the island of Guernsey and the histories of the adoption; and where differences of opinion exist, island of Jersey most carefully searched, all to state conflicting theories, quoting facts relating generously and without solicitation; truly an example of rare kindness from one unknown to to, and showing forth, any connexion between the motto and family history and characteristics. me before the appearance of the before-mentioned As an example of what I mean I may instance the 'List of Female Poets.' This Mrs. (de la Rivière) well-known motto "Ich dien" as borne by the Manley was the daughter of Sir Roger Manley, Princes of Wales, which has been variously traced Governor of Guernsey, for Chalmers says, "Manley to a Welsh, Bohemian, and other sources. Further, (de la Rivière), an English lady born in Guernsey, or one of those small islands, of which her father, Sir Roger Manley, was Governor." A Dict. of Biog., edited by Benj. Vincent, London, 1877, "Manley, Mary, dramatist, born about 1672, died July, 1724." The Encyc. Brit.' says that she was the daughter of Sir Roger Manley, Governor of the Channel Islands." But in Sir Roger Manley's time, I am told, there were no Governors of the Channel Islands, but only Governors of Guernsey and Governors of Jersey, so the 'Encyc. Brit.' is manifestly incorrect. Sir Roger Manley was not a Governor of Jersey, not even a Lieutenant Governor of either island. The

says,

the Goldsmid family motto is the passage_from Exodus xv. 11, "Who is like unto Thee, O Lord, amongst the mighty?" The initial letters in the original Hebrew constitute the name of Maccabee, and a tradition exists of the descent of the Goldsmids from this family. I shall esteem it a favour to be put in possession of out-of-the-way sources of information of this description, either privately or through the columns of ' N. & Q.'

6, Arthur Street West, E.C.

JOHN S. FARMER.

CHOIL OF A KNIFE.-Cassell's 'Dictionary' copies from Knight's (American) 'Practical Dictionary of

Bloxham for Length,
Adderbury for Strength,
King's Sutton for Beauty.
Are there other similar threes, and similar rhymes?
S. FLINT CLARKSON.

PETTIT.-Will some Cambridgeshire correspondent very kindly inform me whether this name is, or was, common in the isle of Ely, as there is a tradition that the isle once belonged to the family

of Pettit ?

ALEXANDER.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' say
what is the reason why Alexander is the favourite
PERTINAX.
Christian name in Scotland ?
Melbourne.

JOHN FENNELL, OF CAHIR.-Can any reader give me any information concerning one John Fennell, of Caher or Cahir Abbey, co. Tipperary, Ireland, in the seventeenth century, his family, and the length of time they held the said abbey; also

to be the finest in Devonshire. It is "Beauty,,, concerning one Capt. Fennell, of Cappagh, about

I wish to ask (1) What illustrations (measured or otherwise) of Chittlehampton tower and of its compeers have been published? (2) What is known (by documents) of the history? The three towers are "ascribed to the same architect" (Mur-storation?

Mechanics' the entry, "Chorl, the angle at the
junction of the blade of a penknife with the square
shank which forms the joint." Mr. Addy, in his
excellent 'Sheffield Glossary' (English Dialect
Society, 1888), gives this as Choil, the indenta-
tion on the cutting side of a knife adjoining the
bolster," with an accompanying verb to choil. Is
the form chorl anywhere in use, or is it merely an
error made by Knight? What is the part in ques-
tion called in Birmingham, Wolverhampton, or
elsewhere in Staffordshire?
J. A. H. MURRAY.

Oxford.

WILLIAM BLIGH.-Can any one tell me where Admiral Bligh died? I presume he is buried in the family vault in Lambeth Churchyard, though the first words of the inscription on the tomb, "Sacred to the memory of," are hardly conclusive evidence. JOHN T. PAGE.

Holmby House, Forest Gate.

NOTECHITTLEHAMPTON, NORTH DEVON: WORTHY CHURCH TOWERS.-The village of Chittlehampton is about three miles south of the road from Barnstaple to South Molton, and is situated on high ground, with long slopes southwards towards Umberleigh Station and the valley of the Taw. The tower of Chittlehampton Church is said to be the finest in Devonshire. It is "Beauty," while its neighbour South Molton is "Strength' (on account of massiveness), and Bishops Nympton is "Length" (on account of the height of the tower relatively to its length and breadth), these discriminating words being popularly applied when the towers are talked about.

ray's 'Devon"). By whom? (3) What is the date
of the "Length, Strength, and Beauty" as applied
to these three towers without spires? Three towers
with spires near Banbury-two in Oxfordshire,
and the third (King's Sutton) just over the Cher-
well, in Northants-are similarly "discriminated
in a popular rhyme" (Murray's 'Oxfordshire,' p.
275, edition 1882):—

Bloxham for Length,
Adderbury for Strength,
King's Sutton for Beauty.
Are there other similar threes, and similar rhymes?
S. FLINT CLARKSON.

PETTIT.-Will some Cambridgeshire correspondent very kindly inform me whether this name is, or was, common in the isle of Ely, as there is a tradition that the isle once belonged to the family

of Pettit ?

South Wales Press, Llanelly.

ARTHUR MEE.

ALEXANDER.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' say what is the reason why Alexander is the favourite PERTINAX. Christian name in Scotland?

Melbourne.

JOHN FENNELL, OF CAHIR.-Can any reader give me any information concerning one John Fennell, of Caher or Cahir Abbey, co. Tipperary, Ireland, in the seventeenth century, his family, and the length of time they held the said abbey; also concerning one Capt. Fennell, of Cappagh, about the same time? Where can such information be obtained, if anywhere?

H.

TEA CLIPPERS.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' give me a hint as to the best book for information respecting the now almost obsolete "tea clippers." RICHARD EDGCUMBE.

Mount Edgcumbe, Devonport. CLULOW.-Can you give me any idea of the Where does it most R. H. C. origin of this surname ? frequently occur?

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT.-Can you or any of your correspondents tell me where I can get any information as to the various modes of capital punishment in vogue in different countries, both European and others?

The beauty of Chittlehampton tower is really remarkable. It is of the best class of Perpendicular work, and ranks with the best of the Somersetshire towers. Its dimensions (24 ft. square outside) and its sturdy construction-with walls 4 ft. 6 in. thick above the plinths-put it in a good rank; and the treatment of sky-line, staging, openings, and details is of the first class. Grouped pinnacles at the angles and in the centres of the sides give a sky-line rivalling that at Evercreech. An admirable pyramidal outline is obtained by setting in the buttresses and putting free pinnacles on the set-offs, SAMUEL COLVIL.-Can any reader give me any the last pinnacle finishing at the bottom of the parapet. The large belfry windows (two three-particulars as to the life of the above author? He light windows in each face) crown walls that are almost unpierced below. The tall base courses, the enriched strings, the parapets partly pierced partly with blind decoration, are treated with originality and harmony, the whole effect being as of a work conceived and carried out by a master.

P. W. F.

wrote The Whiggs Supplication; or, the Scotch Hudibras, a mock poem, in two parts." The British Museum possesses various editions of his book, dating from 1681 to 1796. The 'Dictionary of National Biography' does not mention him.

Wigan,

I wish to ask (1) What illustrations (measured or otherwise) of Chittlehampton tower and of its compeers have been published? (2) What is known (by documents) of the history? The three towers are "ascribed to the same architect" (Mur-storation?

H. T. F.

ALDERMEN OF LONDON.-Where is to be found a list of the Court of Aldermen as constituted temp. the Commonwealth or the early years of the ReW. D. PINK.

་

The word is derived from the Macaroni Club, a See Wright's Caricature History of the Georges.' set of men who introduced Italian macaroni at Almack's. They were foppish and coxcombical in their habits, and the transference of the term from their peculiar dish to themselves may have been partly due to a reminiscence of the older macaron, an affected busybody. This, at least, appears to have been Nares's opinion, who quotes from Donne :

and

A macaroon, And no way fit to speak to clouted shoon. Nares says:

"This is nearly the same sense as persons of a certain age remember to have been given to the adopted word macaroni itself; namely, a first-rate coxcomb, or puppy; which has now another temporary appellation, dandy, corrupted or abbreviated, I presume, from Jack-adandy."

This was a well-known word at the date referred to, but rather in the sense of a droll than a fop, as is clear from Addison's description in the Spectator, No. 47, Tuesday, April 24, 1711 :—

"In the first Place I must observe that there is a Set of merry Drolls whom the Common People of all Counthem, according to the old Proverb: I mean those cirtries admire, and seem to love so well that they could eat cumforaneous Wits whom every Nation calls by the Name