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he informs us that in the northern dialects the meaning of bush is extended to include nettles, ferns, and rushes. Probably the most widely known exthe ample of this use of the word occurs in the ballad of the 'Battle of Otterbourne,' where the Douglas says:

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O bury me by the bracken bush,
Beneath the blooming brier,
Let never living mortal ken

That ere a kindly Scot lies here.

Scott, 'Border Min.,' ed. 1861, vol. i. p. 360. I have, however, come recently upon a very good instance of it in reading Prof. Knight's 'Principal Shairp and his Friends.' Shairp and some friends of his were in the woods near Loudoun Castle, and he said to them :

"Now, friends, this is the last time we shall all meet together; I know that well. Let us have a memorial of our meeting. Yonder are a number of primrose bushes. Each of you take up one root with his own hands; I will do the same; and we shall plant them at the manse in remembrance of this day. So we each did, and carried home each his own primrose bush."-P. 27.

It would be interesting to know whether these primrose bushes are growing still in the manse garden. If they are, they form a pathetic living memorial of a man of whom all Scotchmen have reason to be proud. EDWARD PEACOCK.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

LONDONSHIRE.-The City of London, with its liberties, is, or was, a county in itself, located in Middlesex. Our new jurisdiction creates a county of London, it being the great metropolis minus the City, extending into Essex, Kent, and Surrey. Upon the precedent of Yorkshire, Leicestershire, &c., this new jurisdiction should be named Londonshire. A. H.

true, our Australian cousins might try the experi-
ment of straining wires, and thus protecting their
sheep from the ravages of the dingo; indeed, the
Government should undertake the duty.
HENRY L. TOTTENHAM.

"TACE," LATIN FOR A HORSELOCK.-The usual proverb or caution runs thus: "Don't you know that tace is Latin for a candle?" In the 'Beaufort Papers,' just published, pp. 48 and xvi, may be found this anecdote :

"The reason of Edmond of Langley impress of the Falcon in a Fetterlock was an intimac on that he was shutt up from all hope of this Kingdom when his brother John began to prtend to it: Whereupon observing his sons to be looking upon this device sett up in a window, Asked them what was Latin for such an Horselock, whereat ye young Gentlemen considering: The ffather sayd, Well if you cannot tell me I will tell you, Hic ha'c hoc Taceatis, as advizeing them to be silent and quiet, and therewith all sayd, Yétt Gód knoweth what may come to pass hereafter. (Thence perhaps may proceed the usual caution to keep a secret, which I have often heard in Worcestershire and elsewhere attended with these words, Tace is Latin for an Horselock)." If my memory serves me, an explanation of the caution, "Why is tace said to be Latin for a candle?" has been more than once demanded in your columns. BOILEAU.

[See 7th S. v. 85, 235, 260, 393.] CASANOVIANA.-' Mémoires,' vol. vi. pp. 46-47. Scene, a court of justice :

"Au fond j'aperçus, assis dans un fauteuil, un vieillard qui portait un bandeau sur la vue et qui écoutait les explications de plusieurs inculpés. C'etait le juge; on me dit qu'il était aveugle et qu'il s'appelait Fielding. J'etais

33, Tedworth Square, S. W.

RICHARD EDGCUMBE.

en présence du célèbre auteur de Tom Jones."" Casanova was in London in 1763. The author of 'Tom Jones' died at Lisbon in 1754. The judge FLIES AND WOLVES.-When visiting a friend here mentioned was probably Sir John Fielding, last summer he called my attention to a curious half-brother of the novelist and his successor as a plan for preventing the plague of flies in his house. justice for Middlesex. Though blind from his The upper sash of one of the windows in his sitting-childhood, he is said to have discharged his office room being open for ventilation, there was suspended with great credit, and died 1780. An error on the outside a piece of common fishing-net. My friend part of a foreigner easily accounted for. told me that not a fly would venture to pass through it. He has watched for an hour at a time, and seen swarms fly to within a few inches of the net, and then, after buzzing about for a little, depart. He told me the flies would pass through the net if there was a thorough light-that is, another window in the opposite wall. Though the day was very warm, I did not see a single fly in the room during my visit, though elsewhere in the town they were to be seen in abundance. I suppose they imagine the net to be a spider's web, or some other trap intended for their destruction.

My friend mentioned the curious fact that in Russia no wolves will pass under telegraph wires, and that the Government are utilizing this valuable discovery, and already clearing districts of the country from these brutes. If this information be

A CURIOUS ETYMOLOGY.-If ever an "etymology" deserved to be "gibbeted," certainly the following deserves it richly. It is from the Gentleman's Magazine, Dec., 1888, p. 605 :—

old word for the gibbet is galg, and gallow is the low or "One word in conclusion on the word gallows. The place for the gibbet."

It follows that gallows are "the places for the gibbet," which is highly satisfactory. In what language the "old word" galg occurs in a monosyllabic form we are not told. Such is "etymology" in the nineteenth century.

CELER.

HAMPOLE'S VERSION OF THE PSALMS.-I have said in 'Specimens of English,' part ii. p. 107, that

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Hampole was the author of a metrical version of the Psalms," &c. I took this statement from Prof. Morley's English Writers' without suspicion. Since then Mr. Bramley has edited Hampole's version, and lo! it is in prose! How, then, did the error arise? Perhaps thus. The copy of the work in MS. Laud 286 begins with sixty lines of verse, which may easily have induced the consulter of the MS. to suppose it was wholly in verse. However, these sixty lines are a mere prologue; they are not by Hampole, but by another hand; and they do not appear in any other of the rather numerous copies. I conclude that a verse translation of the Psalms by Hampole does not exist. If it does, let its existence be proved. WALTER W. SKEAT.

POPE'S PROPHETIC VISION OF QUEEN VICTORIA. -It seems worth noting the curious prophecy which in Pope's Windsor Forest' is put into the

mouth of Father Thames :

I see, I see, where two fair cities bend Their ample bow, a new Whitehall ascend! There mighty nations shall enquire their doom, The world's great oracle in times to come. There kings shall sue, and suppliant states be seen Once more to bend before a British Queen. If one could substitute the Houses of Parliament for Whitehall it might be taken as a poet's vision of the Jubilee. Much in the same strain follows which no stretch of imagination could suppose to be applicable to Queen Anne or her reign, illustrious as it was. C. G. BOGER.

St. Saviour's.

MEDIEVAL NAMES.-In the various charters and conveyances relating to the parish of Hendon I have found several names which may interest HERMENTRUDE. In a charter dated in 1258 the name Marsilla occurs, being that of the wife of Robert, son of Benedict de Hamstede, and among the witnesses to the same document is Robert le Engyniur, which I presume is equivalent to Robert the Engineer; but I should like to know what an engineer's calling really was in those days-if, indeed, there was any civil occupation which was so designated. The very curious names of Burlerd and Giteburst appear among the witnesses to a charter dated 18 Edward II. I also, in the time of Richard II., find the names Pymberd, Chalkhill, Philbow, and Rippon.

63, Fellows Road, N.W.

E. T. EVANS.

EUROPEAN WOMEN AMONG SAVAGES.-Besides those noted below, there may be other instances known of European women having fallen among savages and been compelled to live with them like their own women.

In the Rev. John Campbell's 'Travels in South Africa' it is recorded that two ladies who were wrecked in the Grosvenor Indiaman on that coast

were discovered years afterwards among the Caffres by the Landdrost of Graaf Reynet, who went into Caffraria in search of survivors. They were dressed in the small apron and little else of the Caffre women, and having been married to Caffres, by whom they had families, preferred to stay where they were.

In Macgillivray's 'Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake' is recorded the rescue of a young Scotchwoman, who had lived nearly five years with the blacks on an island off Cape York, they having rescued her from a wreck in which her husband, the owner of a small cutter, and his crew had perished. She was compelled to become the wife of one of her preservers, and was in appearance hardly distinguishable from the black gins, being as dirty and as nearly naked as they. But she eagerly returned to civilization, and was restored to her friends at Sydney "in excellent condition." 1849. Another girl seems to have met the same horrible fate about the same time; for in a letter written early in 1850 (No. lxxv. in his 'Life and Letters'), Robertson, of Brighton, mentions reading the melancholy story of a young English lady, returning from school in England to her parents in Australia, but wrecked, and all the party slain but herself. She was taken by the blacks, and had been forced to live with them ever since.

This was in

I shall be grateful for any information about this last case, and any others that have occurred, though I sincerely trust that none has occurred. CHEGOCRA.

SHEFFIELD PLATE.-It is well known that there is a considerable difference in value between articles manufactured by the electro-plating process and those by the older method of overlaying base metals with silver, known as "Sheffield plate." The following extract from the Derby Mercury of September, 17, 1788, is interesting in this connexion:

"On Thursday se'nnight died at Whitely Wood, near Sheffield, Mr. Thomas Bolsover, aged 84. This Gentleman was the first Inventor of Plated Metal: which like many other curious Arts, was discovered by Accident. About the Year 1750 (at which Time he kept a Cutler's repair a Knife Haft which was composed of Silver and retail Shop at Sheffield) Mr. Bolsover was employed to Copper; and having effected the Job, the cementing of the two Metals immediately struck him with the practicability of manufacturing Plated Articles, and he presently commenced a Manufacturer of plated Snuff Boxes and Buttons. Consequently from Mr. Bolsover's_accidental Acquirement, the beneficial and extensive Trade of plated Goods had its origin. He has been justly esteemed one of the most ingenious Mechanics that Sheffield can boast."

The name Bolsover indicates a Derbyshire origin. ALFRED WALLIS.

MARRIAGE ONLY ALLOWED AT CERTAIN TIMES OF THE YEAR. The last paragraph in a pocket almanac (Gallen's) for 1678 runs thus:

:

tion about Hart's parentage and early career before entering the Middle Temple in 1776. There are considerable discrepancies in the accounts given

"Times prohibiting Marriage.—Marriage comes in on the 13 day of January, and at Septuagesima Sunday it is out again until Lowsunday; at which time it comes in again, and goes not out until Rogation-sunday: thence it is forbidden untill Trinity-sunday: from whence it is un-in Foss, O'Flanagan, J. R. Burke, and the obituary forbidden till Advent-sunday: but then it goes out, and notices in the Annual Register and Gentleman's comes not in again till the 13 day of January next follow- Magazine. Where was Hart buried? Possibly ing.' the tombstone may give the correct date of his birth. The Georgian Era' says that he left a widow and one daughter. Can any reader of 'N. & Q.'give me the date of his marriage? Finally, is there any portrait of him in existence?

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I find no such notice in any other almanac of the same period, out of a pretty large collection. J. ELIOT HODGKIN.

Queries.

We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.

JOHN BUNYAN.-Some recent correspondents of the Echo have communicated particulars concerning Bunyan which seem worthy of record, and perhaps require sifting, in 'N. & Q.' Unhappily, references are wanting. The question was raised whether Bunyan was a Baptist, as has always been hitherto supposed. Mr. J. H. Stephenson (who, oddly, pleads that Bunyan was a Baptist) says that "in the licence to preach, granted by the wretched Charles II. on May 15, 1672, he is allowed to teach as a Congregational person, being of that persuasion.'" Another correspondent gives the dates of baptism of two of Bunyan's children-a daughter, at Elstow Church, 1654, and a son, at St. Cuthbert's, Bedford, 1672. No names are given. A third writer, who signs "Thomas Hancock," quotes from a pamphlet by Edward Burrough, the Quaker, wherein Bunyan and John Barton are referred to as "Independent ministers, so called" (Burrough's Truth the Strongest of All,' 1657). If these quotations are to be trusted, they settle the question of Bunyan's Baptist persuasion in the negative, and plainly show him as an Independent. But where is the original licence of Charles II.? Will any one at Bedford and Elstow examine the registers for the baptisms of these and other of Bunyan's children? Was he married in church; and, if so, can we have the registers of both his marriages? I find none of these details in Mr. Offor's memoir, further than a quotation from the records of Leicester concerning the royal licence, wherein it is stated that Bunyan was "of the Congregational persuasion."

HERMENTRUDE.

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G. F. R. B.

THE GREAT SEAL OF QUEEN KATHERINE PARR. In Archeologia for the year 1779 appears an engraving of this seal. Can any of your readers inform me whether any impression of it is still extant; and, if so, where it is to be seen? SIGILLUM.

MONTE VIDEO.-What is the proper pronunciation of this name and its derivation ? Such a Macaronic preposterous mixture of Portuguese and Latin as "Mount I see" is, of course, out of the question. It surely means Vineclad Hill." R. C. A. P.

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Longitude and MARRIAGE.-'N. & Q.' having dealt recently with legal questions, I may take the opportunity of calling the attention of some of the legal luminaries to another question, which sundry of the gens togata to whom I have proposed it have admitted to be knotty. A. B. goes from London to Naples, leaving his wife resident in the former city. But he, unfortunately, falls in love with a young lady at Naples; and being a wicked man, with no fear of God and little fear of the law before his eyes, he determines to deceive her by a bigamous and invalid marriage. He is, accordingly, married, to all appearance legally, on board an English man-of-war in the bay, in the presence of the captain, at eleven o'clock in the morning of February 10-the time being unquestionably ascertained. But the wife left in London died on that same February 10 at half-past ten in the morning, the time being certified beyond all question. Well! the case is clear and simple. A. B. had been a widower for half an hour when he married, and could, of course, legally do so. But, stay! When it was 10.30 in London it was 11.23 in Naples. Had a telegram been de

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"A COOL HUNDRED."-When did this expression first come into use? I have met with it in 'The

I

Provoked Husband,' by Sir John Vanbrugh and Colley Cibber, II. i. p. 311, ed. 1730: "C. Bas. No faith! I came in when it was all over. think I just made a couple of Betts with him, took up a cool hundred, and so went to the King's Arms." The same phrase in used by Smollett in his translation of 'Don Quixote,' bk. iii. c. viii.: "My shoulders were accommodated with a cool hundred, I was advised to divert myself three years in the Gurapas; and so the business ended.'

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

POLIDORE VERGIL.-In the registers of the parish of Marksbury, near Bath, the names of Polydore and Vergil severally occur as Christian names in at least two families, e. g. :

Jan., 1602. Polydor, son of Virgell Vanham, baptized. The same buried April, 1604.

July, 1600. Baptized Henrie, the son of Virgill Watkins,

alias Vanham.

Dec., 1607. Polidorus Vanham, alias Watkins, sepultus. Feb. 18, 1662. Polydor Evans, late Rector of Marksbury, was buried.

This would seem to point to some connexion with Polidore Vergil, the versatile ecclesiastic and voluminous writer, who in Henry VIII.'s and Queen Mary's time had considerable preferment in England, and is known to have been Archdeacon of Wells in 1507. He remained in England till 1550, and died in Italy five years later. Can it be shown that he had any more immediate connexion with Marksbury? Possibly he was rector of the parish; but I have no means of finding W. S. B. Where

out.

DEATH WARRANT OF CHARLES I. can I find a good engraving of this, with the seals attached thereto ? These are considered the first examples in which lines in different directions in dicate the tinctures, therefore the popular lithograph is of no use. ACCURATE.

CROSS TREE. In the Court Rolls of the Manor of Wimbledon, March 1, 34 Hen. VIII., there is this entry:

"Amercement 1s.-Robert Wrediche has unjustly cut down and carried off a tree called 'an asshe growing

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tion of the old chapel of this college? It was THE SORBONNE.-Where can I find a descripdedicated to St. Ursula, and in the seventeenth century was pulled down, by Cardinal Richelieu's order, to make room for the present church, where his tomb now stands. JOHN A. RANDOLPH.

have seen quoted a saying, ascribed to Pope "A LAITY WITH A STRONG BACKBONE."-I Martin V. (as Martin III. is generally styled), to the effect that he "sighed [or longed] for a laity tell if such an expression, or anything to that with a strong backbone." Can any of your readers effect, was used by him or any other Pope? If so, by whom, when, and on what occasion? F.

SOAPSTONE FIGURES FROM SHANGHAI.-Would some of your travelled readers kindly inform me anent the nature of soapstone; and, secondly, whether these figures are idols, or priests, or what? EBORACUM.

MEDAL PORTRAITS.-A friend has presented me with a collection of plaster casts, about four hundred, all named. Some fifty had not been identified as to position in life, birth, and death. Of these, the following have since not been found in the many biographical works referred to for the purpose. Will some students kindly assist me?— Christianus Hugienus.

J. G. Eynard de Genève.

Jean Varin.

Enrichetta Lalande.

Léopold Jean, Prince de Salerne.

March. Jos. Stioctius. Ridolfius. Eq. Josephian Ord I.

C. L. de Joux Statuatel.

Abrahamus G. Vernerus.

Major-General Sir W. P. Garrol, Kt.C.B., &c. Tommaso Sgricci.

D'Antonio Quiroca.

H. F. X. Belzunce Eve, née en 1671, morte en 1755. WYATT PAPWORTH.

33, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

WATER-MARKS.-Is there such a book as a register of water-marks, or any other work by which I can find when a certain water-mark was first used? I have searched the British Museum, of the eighteenth century. but can get no information later than the middle GEORGE GRANT.

WILLIAM FEILDING, EARL OF DENBIGH, in 1630 set out for India, and returned in 1633 (Cal. State Papers, Dom.,' 1629-31, p. 329; 1633-4,

p. 195). Lodge describes him as ambassador to the Sophi (Portraits,' ed. 1850, p. 117). Is any account of his proceedings in the East, or of the reasons for his mission thither, in print?

C. H. FIRTH.

33, Norham Road, Oxford. BETHAM.-Can any of your readers inform me in what parish in Staffordshire a place called Bethom or Betham was situate? From about 1490 until 1600 I find it mentioned without an interval as the place of residence of different Staffordshire families. After the last-mentioned date I find no trace of it. F. W. M.

INSCRIPTIONS ON ALTARS.-Can you tell me of any instances of inscriptions on altars? I have heard of one near Denbigh, inscribed in Greek characters "Non Incognito Deo." It is said to have been on an old altar table in a church formerly the old parish church of Denbigh, and is now about a mile from Denbigh. After the above words come "I. R., 1617." Can any of your correspondents throw any light on the subject?

A. G.

VERTUE.-There was a Vertue a bookseller at the Royal Exchange, whose widow married the famous Samuel Goatsby, and he carried on the business, dying at a great age in 1808. The widow's name was Hannah Vertue. Timperley spells it Virtue, but he is wrong. Was her husband a descendant of Geo. Vertue, the engraver? C. A. WARD.

BAPTIST MAY.-In the 'Memoirs of Count
Grammont,' a new edition of which has just been
published, allusion is made in a note respecting
Mr. Chiffinch to a Mr. Baptist May, who is there
spoken of as one of Charles II.'s supper com-
panions. Can any of your readers give me any
information respecting this gentleman ?
J. SAUMAREZ.

43, Grosvenor Place.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANted.-
The young-eyed Poesy
All deftly masked as hoar Antiquity.
'Twas strange that such a little thing
Should leave a blank so large.

And the name of the isle is the Long Ago,

And we bury our treasures there. WINNIE.
"God made man after his likeness, and man has re-
turned the compliment." I think it is in Voltaire.
R. F. C.

We toil through pain and wrong,
We fight, we fly,

We love, we lose,

And in a little time stone dead we lie-
Oh! Life, is all thy song "endure and die?"
THOMAS J. EWING.
Who with a lingering stay his course doth let
Till every minute pays the hour his debt.
J. W. DONIGAN,

Replies.

WETHERBY.

(7th S. vi. 308, 414.)

Surely a more sarcastic commentary on the prevailing mode of furnishing derivations of placenames than that afforded on the page last quoted could hardly be met with. Three guesses at the derivation of the one name Wetherby are backed by such names as those of SIR J. A. PICTON and CANON TAYLOR, of which it is perfectly safe to say that, while two of them must be wrong, it is most

Walthamstow. MILL'S LOGIC.'-At p. 228 of his 'Principles of Science,' Prof. Jevons says: 66 "But I shall feel bound to state, in a separate publication, my very deliberate opinion that many of Mill's innovations in logical science, and especially his doctrine of reasoning from particulars to particulars, are entirely groundless and false." Has such a publication ever appeared; and, if so, who are the pub-likely all three of them are. Admitting the possilishers, and what is its price? E. HOBSON.

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bility of the compound viðar-bar-though I greatly
classical" Old Danish or Icelandic-still it is not
doubt if it ever could have been "standard" or
clear how it ever could have meant "wooden house."
The authority quoted by CANON TAYLOR gives to
the Icel. bær or býr, Dan. and Swed. by, the mean-
ing of "
a farm, a landed estate," and adds that
in Iceland it denotes "a farm, or farmyard and
buildings." In other words, but for the "dirty
acres" there would be no bar or by. Nor do I see
how this consideration is to be excluded in the
attempt to explain the formation and meaning of
an English place-name ending in by. But besides,
in such a settlement, over and above the owner's
or settler's own domicile, the dwelling or dwellings
of his servants-thrall or free-the byres and
stables and cotes for his stock, the lathes for his
corn, and the like, have all to be thought of as

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