FRANCIS MACKAY, GOVERNOR OF TRANSYLVANIA.-On June 22, 1829, a petition was presented to Sir James Kempt, Governor of Canada, which begins as follows: "L'Humble Supplique de Stephen Mackay Ecuyer, Major M.S.C.Y. et Nat. Pub. Lequel expose respectueusement à votre Excellence qu'il est le fils de feu Samuel Mackay Ecuyer et Sieur, que son aijeul paternel Francis Mackay Ecuyer, était proche parent du Lord Rae, en Ecosse, qu'il emigra en Hongrie, entra au service de Marie Thérèse, servit à la conquète de la Transilvanie, au par ses actions distinguées il mérita d'en être nommé le gouverneur, et d'avoir deux autruches pour support à ses armes.' Who was Francis Mackay who is thus said to have been a near relative of Lord Reay? There is no mention of him, so far as I can recollect, in the clan history; and I have searched every available book here likely to give information, but have failed to find any reference. Possibly some reader in Vienna or other Austrian city may, in the public records relating to Transylvania or Hungary, find a reference to him, and, if so, will perhaps kindly communicate what is stated to the columns of N. & Q.,' or to me direct. I should like to get the years when he was in the service of the Empress of Austria, and also, for genealogical purposes, any notice there may be regarding him or his family. All I have been able to discover is this. He had three sons, Stephen, Francis, and Samuel. The eldest, Stephen, served the Prince of Orange as a lieutenant in General van Brockhuyzen's regiment; his commission is dated July 27, 1748. About 1756 the three brothers got commissions in the Royal American Regiment, and took part in the conquest of Canada. After peace was established the two younger married and remained in the country. I have seen an impression from a seal said to have been Francis Mackay's, and which shows his armorial bearings. The shield is similar to that of Lord Reay, surmounted by two ostriches crowned, one in chief, the other in base. The crest is a dexter arm grasping a scimitar, and the motto "Per aspera at prospera." JOHN MACKAY. Cambridge, Mass., U.S. Replies. JERNINGHAM FAMILY. (7th S. vi. 407.) 1. In a letter addressed by the Lords of the Council, dated from St. James's, Jan. 26, 1553/4, I find, "To our verye Lovinge Frende Sir Henry Jernengham, Knight, Vice chamberlayne to her Majestie Highness, & Capten of her Graces Guard." 2. On the "laste daye of Aprill 3rd & 4th yeres of our Reignes [1558]......To our Trustye & well beloved Counsayller Sir Henrye Jernengham, Knt. our Vice Chamberlayne and capten of our Garde." 3. Aug. 1, 1558. Lord Winchester writes, "Too my loving Friend Sir Henry Jernengham Kat Master of the Horse to the Queen's Highness." 4. June 12, 1565. The Lords of the Council to "Sir Henry Jernyngham Knight." 5. In a Recusant Roll, 2 James I., "Ægidius Jernegan de Melton Magna.” 6. Dec. 14, 1565. (Will) "I Thomas Jernegan of Heringflete......gentleman." Spells his name Jernegan throughout. 7. Presentments of Recusants (Episcopal Archives, Norwich), Feb. 20, 1597/8, "William Jernegan & Edward Jernegan, sons of Henry Jernegan, Esqre." 8. A.D. 1599. Deposition Book (Episcopal Archives), Jerningham, Jenney, M. A., of Christ's Coll., Cantab., admitted to Deacon's orders. 9. Jan. 13, 1559. (Will) "I Sr John Jernyngham of Somerleyton," Same spelling throughout. 10. March, 1606/7. Recusant Presentments (Episcopal Archives), William Jernegan, gent., of Bury St. Edmunds. 11. Dec. 19, 1565. "intestate." Thomas Jernegan, gent., 12. April 21, 1631. (Will of Anne Downes) To my cousin Edward Jernegan son of my cousin Thomas Jernegan." temp. Edw. III., Jo. Gernegan...... Fee in Hor13. In a Feodary of Norfolk (Mannington MSS.), ham 4m partem 1 f. de," &c. 14. From Rye's 'Feet of Fines' it appears that the name was written indifferently Geraegan and Jernegan. A. JESSOPP, D.D. 'Particulars In a quarto pamphlet entitled Illustrative of the Genealogy of Jerningham or Jernegan, Compiled from Antient Family and other Sources,' Weever, in his work on 'Ancient Monuments,' is said to have this passage : "Canute, King of Denmarke, and of England, brought divers Captains and Souldiers from Denmarke, whereof the greatest part were Christened here, in England, and began to settle themselves here: of whom Jernegan or Jernengham, and Jernibingho now Jennings were of most esteeme with Canute," &c. On p. 2 of the pamphlet the author begins to call the family "Jernegan or Jerningham," then gradu ally drops the latter name till he speaks of " Sir Henry Jerningham or Jernegan, of Huntingfield | and Wingfield, in the county of Suffolk, and of Costessy, in Norfolk, Kut.," as being the first among the Suffolk knights who declared for Queen Mary on the death of Edward VI. After that both names are used. In Lysons's' Environs of London,' vol. iv. p. 166, is the following inscription from a brass mural tablet in Leyton Church, Middlesex, to Mary, the second wife of Sir Elward Jernegan, daughter and coheiress of Richard, second son of Lord Scroop of Bolton. She survived Sir Edward, and married Sir William Kingston, K.G., and died in 1548: If you will the truth have, Who departed thys world the truth to say, And As I doe well remember, Was buryed honourably 4th day of September, M. V. fourty and eyght surely, Whos yerly obyte, and anniversary, At the costs of hyr son Sir Henry Jernyngham, truly, Of the queen's garde, chieff captain. Ipswich. W. E. LAYTON. Mary, Lady Kingston, writing in 1539, says, "My poor son Harry Jerningham is appointed to wayt upon my Lord Admiral, to meet this young lady which by God's grace shall be our m'rs:," namely, Anna of Cleve ( Lisle Papers,' xiii., art. 4). But the " poor son " himself signs "Henry Jernegan" (Cott. MS., Titus, B. ii. fol. 134b). And we find that "Sir Henry Jernegan, Captain of the Guard, Vice-Chamberlain, Master of the Horse, and of the Privy Council to Queen Mary, died 7 Sept., 1572, aged 63" (Harl. MS. 897, fol. 48). I imagine that Jerningham was always the correct spelling, and Jernegan a colloquialism. HERMENTRUde. 'THE FLOWER GARDEN' (7th S. vii. 27).-The article in the Quarterly Review entitled The Flower Garden' was written by the late Rev. Thomas James, Vicar of Theddingworth (on the borders of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire) and Hon. Canon of Peterborough. Mr. James was educated at the Charterhouse, where be afterwards became for a short time a master. His youthful appearance created some ridicule among the boys, more sensible of the new master's boyish look than of the culture and refinement which were so conspicuous in him; and he was made the butt of some good-humoured satire in the 'Charterhouse Play' and elsewhere in the volume of schoolboy skits, given to the world (I believe) a few years since by Mr. Edward Walford. Besides that on 'The Flower Garden,' Mr. James contributed a noteworthy article on 'Northamptonshire' to the Quarterly, and probably others. Whatever he wrote was characterized by the same fulness of knowledge, refinement of taste, and attractiveness of style. Two amusing anecdotes may be recorded in connexion with these articles. A lady devoted to the cultivation of her own flower garden had read the Quarterly Review article with delight, and, having obtained the name and address of the author, took a long journey for the purpose not only of conversing with one who knew so much about her favourite pursuit, but still more of inspecting his garden. Who drives fat oxen should himself be fat, so he who discoursed with such knowledge and appreciation of flower gardens must himself have one of no ordinary beauty to exhibit. Unluckily for the fair traveller the soil and climate of Theddingworth Vicarage are unfavourable not only to floriculture in its technical sense, but to the growth of flowers of any kind. On her arrival she found, to her disappointment, that Canon James, however ready to talk about flowers, had no flower garden worth the name. The only thing of the kind he had to show was a sheltered hollow in one part of the vicarage grounds where, by dint of careful attention, he succeeded in inducing common wild flowers, transplanted from more genial spots, to live and bloom. If she missed her first object, the lady would, however, be amply repaid by Mr. James's conversation. The other anecdote is this. When the Archæological Institute met at Peterborough in 1861, Canon James delivered the introductory discourse on 'The Archæology of Northamptonshire.' This address was necessarily little more than a reproduction of his Quarterly Review article, which he said he had obtained the permission of the publishers to use, adding, with a quiet humour all his own, that he "had had less difficulty with the author himself, who had considerately placed the article at his for plagiarism nor to taunt him with appearing in service, and had promised neither to indict him feathers not his own." Our dear old friend the late Mr. Octavius Morgan, so recently lost to us, who occupied the chair, was so completely taken in by the assumed seriousness of this exordium that at the end of the paper, to the great amusement of all who were in the secret, he gravely, in the name of the Institute, offered his thanks to the anonymous author who had so generously placed the result of his researches at Mr. James's disposal. "Solvuntur risu tabulæ." EDMUND VENABLES. MARGINALIA BY COLERIDGE (7th S. vi. 501; vii. 35).-I have in my possession a copy of Xenophon's Memoirs of Socrates,' translated by Sarah Fielding, second edition, London, 1767. At the bottom of pp. 338 and 339 is the following note, signed "S. T. C.": "I am convinced that the word trans'ated knowlege' (sic) and knoweth had nearly the same force and mean ing in the mind of Socrates as Faith in St. Paul. To the persons instanced by Mrs. Carter Socrates would have denied knowlege. Spinoza, in his Ethics,' adopts the same system; and it is evident that the whole difference between this and Mrs. Carter's notion is merely metaphysical, perhaps merely nomina', but certainly not moral. A certain clearness of conception there is, an adducible approximation to a sense of certainty, which will preclude volition, and to these perfectly clear knowleges Sociates refers, involving the Practical in the Intellectual." the further name of forgia in yet extant in the name of the Forge Vailey. It was, moreover, in very frequent use in Domesday times; and, inasmuch as the iron was not "smelted," but "reduced" only, and the "bloom" that resulted from the action of the furnace had to be hammered forthwith on its extrication from the furnace with heavy hammers, it is easily seen how the ideas of furnace, forge, and smithy, so to speak, overlap. Still the essential meaning of smethe, smithe, forgia, fabrica, &c., is what we understand under the term "furnace," the object of which is to obtain the metal from the ore. SIR J. A. PICTON'S "ore, unwrought metal," is trying. One might as well define "flour, unwrought bread." Ore is in no sense or shape metal; it is a combination of the element of one metal or more with such and such other mineral elements, and until it has been either reNAMES IN THE DE BANCO ROLL (7th S. vi. 327; duced or smelted it yields no metal. Whether the vii. 30).-Wharfedale in its upper part is divided or in Orsmythyburn has any connexion with the into Langstrothdale and Littondale. The former ora in ora-smið it is not for me to say; but surely of these is also written Langsterdale and Lang- SIR J. A. PICTON, in his kindly effort to unravel strotherdale; and for a great number of years I the meaning of the words quoted," might have have supposed that it was a received opinion that unravelled the local history of the words. Chaucer's Strother was no other than Langstrother There may have been an orasmythy in the in West Yorkshire. MR. NEILSON's careful identifi- place adverted to, taking the or in either of the cation of the meaning of strother is worthy of all senses alleged by Prof. Skeat. I have myself, in imitation, and stands in somewhat striking contrast former days, found copper-ore in nodules in a diswith the utterly indefinite explanation of Redi-trict where the word burn was the recognized name strother on the preceding page, viz, "a locality [!] strewn [] or overgrown with reeds." I am not acquainted with the handwriting of Cole- for a brook; and, supposing the prefix only denotes a compound metal, like brass, the older bronze, or that of the present coinage, still there might be "history" in the word; and until a student has hunted up the history of a name it is utterly idle, and worse than idle, to profess to derive it or explain it. Still less to the point seem to be the remarks on Orsmythyburn, which is said to mean "the brook beside the smithy," ignoring altogether the first syllable, or. This is probably almost, if not quite the most significant element in the whole name. But the writer seems quite innocent of the real Who is any the wiser for such derivations as significance of any member of the name, although those offered under Oseleye, Tonsclugh, Kahirst, he holds the more than possible clue in his hand Croke tak? Why should not osel eye do as well as when he quotes ora-smid, a coppersmith. I can osel leye? Surely the "island of the blackbird" is adduce the North Yorkshire place-name Smidhes- as good sense as "the field of the blackbird," and dale, extant before 1145-how long before I can- not more than equally a platitude. _Tons-clugh= not say-in which the prefix is not the genitival town's-cleugh is simply impossible. Ka or key=cu, form, but the plural. When I first get it in its requires something more than a simple guess to English form-for Smidhesdala is the Latinized support it. While, as for croke tak, living as I do form in the document it occurs in--it is called in the country of intakes-there are fifty to sixty "the yron smethes," where the smethe or smithy in my parish alone-I simply say that tak and inintended is a furnace for the reduction of iron- tak are not coincident in meaning. An intake is stone or iron ore, as such reduction was practised an enclosure from the common; a tak is not, nor in in the middle and later middle ages. These fur- any way connected with it. A crook, too, in the naces usually stood in groups of three, or four, or north country has a definite meaning: it is a nook more; whence the plural form in both the Latinized or corner, and quite likely with a more or less name and the later English one. These English curvilinear outline; but it is not a "plot of land" smethes, smithes, smithies were called fabrica in of "crooked shape." All the "crooks " I know, Cleveland, faverca in West Yorkshire, astra in the and I know a lot, are either nooks or corners semiBarrow vicinity, with the French variant form of enclosed by the course of a stream or by the conestre or hestre in North Yorkshire or South Dur-vergency of two, or possibly three, old fences. ham; but I have no Latin equivalent for them in the district embracing Smithsdale, the still extant form of Smidhesdala. In the Scarborough vicinity And again, and finally, why should such an utter "shy" as "corruptions from Belling or Billing" for Belyley, Bellion, without the slightest shadow of support from reason, reading, or probability, be Orsmythyburn. When, as MR. PERCEVAL states, this word is "written later Ouersmith burn," and when we consider the interchangability of u and v, surely it means, and can only mean, Oversmithy-burn," a name which needs no further simplifying. 66 Croketa'k. With all deference to SIR J. A. PICTON, it seems to me that MR. PERCEVAL'S suggestion of "crooked oak "is the probable explanation. In the thirteenth century Adam de Crokedaik was seneschal, and subsequently an executor of Sir Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, competitor for the Scottish crown, and seems to have belonged to the North of England. In 1282 he appears as "Adam de la crokidayk" in a writ printed in the 'Scots Acts of Parl.,' i. 109 (red ink pagination). In 1338 Michael de Crokedayk was a knight in the West Riding ('Rotuli Scotia,' i. 527 b). SIR J. A. PICTON's hazards about Oseleye, Belyley, and Bellion will not satisfy any very exacting inquirer. GEO. NEILSON. L. Glasgow. In connexion with Strother note that Halliwell gives "Strother, a marsh." See also MR. STEVENSON'S article on 'Strood' ('N. & Q.,' 7th S. vi. 449), and the O.H.G. struot, a swamp, in Schade. There is a Lang-stroth-dale Chase at the head of Wharfdale, north of Pen-y-ghent. WALTER W. SKEAT. "The sign of The Ram Jam' has never appeared on the front of the house till September last. The real title of the inn was The Winchilsea Arms,' and the old sign, painted with the full coat of arms of the Earls of Winchilsea, remained up to last June, when it was replaced heraldic devices) The W nchilsea Arms. The sign only by a new signboard, on which was painted (without the remained up for a few weeks, when it was repainted with the words The Ram Jam Inn' for the first time in its history. By the way, it was generally known as 'The Ram Jam House,' and not Inn." ST. SWITHIN. · · "Ram Jam" is a vulgar name for strong ale. An old servant of my mother's used to tell us a tale (evidently well known) of a miserly woman who kept a public-house, notorious for the weakness of its tap. She brewed four qualities, all execrable, and named them respectively ram jam, middlemore, flitter-cum-flatter, and weaker-thanwater. One day a passing traveller stopped at the house and called for ale. Being asked which he would have, he chose No. 2, fearing the first-named might be too strong for his head. The drink supplied to him was, however, so vile that, having tasted it, he flung the remainder at the cld woman's head in disgust. She clapped her hands in delight. "Lawks!" she says; "if middlemore has made him mad, what would ram-jam have done?" C. C. B. Mr. GildersoME-DICKINSON asks the meaning of "Ram Jam." It was a famous ale made by the Messrs. Goding, the brewers of the Lion Brewery in Lambeth, mostly for exportation to India. I had the honour to know Mr. Thomas Goding, of No. 2, Belgrave Square, and have tasted ram jam; and I presume that at this house between Stamford and Grantham that ale was drawn for their "customers-let us hope undiluted. INN SIGNS (7th S. vi. 427).-Between April, 1878, and October, 1881, the Grantham Journal was wont to publish "Local Notes and Queries," and the "Ram Jam" was the subject of one of the earliest questions. One correspondent had heard his father say that in coaching days there came a traveller to the house who, under pretence of teaching the landlord how to make a drink called Ram Jam, induced that worthy to take him to the cellar, and to allow him to bore a hole at each end of a cask of beer. These holes Boniface GEORGE LAMBERT, F.S.A. 12, Coventry Street, Piccadilly, W. "Ram Jam" means "chock full," " "crammed full," "as full as you can ram." So "Ram Jam Inn" means the popular or favourite inn. R. R. Boston, Lincolnshire, 6th S. x. 469, 525; 7th S. i. 368, 437. BAPTIST MAY (7th S. vii. 9).—See 'N. & Q.,' JULIAN MARSHALL. [For Babmaes Mews, after which in this connexion A.J. M. asks, see the earlier references.] plugged with his fingers while the visitor went up stairs to fetch something that had been forgotten. But the wight came no more, and left the place without paying his bill, the victim being unable to pursue for fear of losing the beer. The memory of this ramming and jamming episode was perpetuated COLLIER, SILVERSMITH, &c. (7th S. vi. 388). in the future by-name of the hotel. The narrator I have a glass similar to that described by of the above story signs himself B, which may, perhaps, point at Ben-trovato. "Veritas" believed that it was the occasionally crowded state of the inn which suggested the "Ram Jam"; he attributed its patronage to the prevalence of highwaymen in the neighbourhood, which rendered travelling after nightfall undesirable. "Viator" noted, October 26, 1878, S. V. H., which has been preserved in my family 86 “RoodsELKEN": "L'HERBE DES TROIS GOUTTES DE SANG" (7th S. vi. 307, 437).—The vervain (Verbena officinalis) is a purple flower, and therefore has nothing to do with the appellation "trois gouttes de sang." It has, however, been apparently always considered a sacred plant, and Gerarde says: "Manie old wives fables are written of vervayne tending to witchcraft and sorcerie, which you may read elsewhere, for I am not willing to trouble your eare with such trifles." Pratt says the Druids regarded the herb with peculiar reverence; that Pliny relates how in Gaul it was used in telling fortunes and gathered with peculiar ceremonies; and that the ancients generally believed the notion recorded by him, "that if the hall or dining chamber be sprinkled with the water wherein vervain lay steeped all that sate at the table should be very pleasant and make merry more jocundly"; saying also that the festival table of Jupiter was cleansed with branches of vervain, and floors of houses were rubbed with it to keep away evil spirits. In our own country it is called "holy herb," the veneration bestowed on it being doubtless due to its presumed medicinal virtues, it being deemed efficacious in thirty different complaints. All this points to the reason of its occurring as it does in the lines quoted from White. The Adonis autumnalis, or corn pheasant's eye, called by the name of adonis or adonide by the French, Dutch, Germans, Italians, and throughout Europe, and by our own gardeners Flos adonis, receiving the name primarily from its connexion with the fable of the blood of Adonis, when slain by the wild boar, having stained its petals, has the familiar names of aile de perdrix, aile de faisan, and goutte de sang in French. No doubt its popularity and many names are due to its being one of the few flowers of the field with a crimson tint; Pratt says "the only one in our fields." Perchance, too, its popularity was connected with the presumed power of red to raise the spirits. R. W. HACKWOOD. GOOSE (7th S. vi. 287, 354, 431).—C. C. B. is mistaken in his supposition that the tree geese or ducks mentioned in the 'Penny Cyclopædia' are the barnacles, about which so many absurd stories were told in old times. The birds referred to are given as being scientifically distinguished as "D. arcuata, Horsf., Java; arborea, Edw." Under the heading "Ducks" the 'Cyclopædia' states that "wild ducks have been known to breed in trees, and we recollect the nest of this bird being found in the head of an old pollard willow," &c. matter having, however, cropped up, I may perhaps be allowed to mention that in a book which I have, entitled 'Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry and Gardening' (1707), more than a dozen pages are devoted to the barnacle question, and there is given a very good copper-plate representation of what is there called "The Anatiferous Plant." This engraving might have been taken from some fine specimens of barnacle shells which I obtained a good many years ago from the bottom of an iron ship. She had been at anchor in the harbour of San Francisco for many months, waiting for an advance in freights, and making a long passage home brought with her a fine colony of barnacles. Parkinson (1640), though he appears to have felt himself bound to mention the "admirable tale of untruth" (p. 1306), dismisses the barnacles very shortly. J. F. MANSERGH. Liverpool. PLACE-NAMES (7th S. vi. 428).—Several good guesses might be made as to the signification of the Burroughs and the Hyde, but as I do not know Hendon, I dare not venture on giving any one of them. Hale, I think, does not present quite so much difficulty, but in this case it is quite possible to be wrong. In Anglo-Saxon heal means a corner or angle, and in the dialect of the district where I live hale still continues to mean a "garing" or angular piece of land in an irregularly-shaped field, which has to be ploughed separately. If the Hale at Hendon be of this form, I do not think there can be much doubt as to the origin of the name. In the township of East Butterwick, in this parish, there is an angular pasture of about sixty acres called the Hale, for which I have met with and heard three or four foolish derivations. That in this case we have the Anglo-Saxon heal may be pronounced certain. EDWARD PEACOCK. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. Burroughs. Cf. burgh, borough, barrow. Hyde. Cf. A.-S. hiw, house; hiwan, later hive or hivd, domesticated. Hale. I think a water name. Hayle farms are common, by small streams or brooks, all liable to flood; cf. Hayle (Cornwall), Halliford (Middlesex). A. H. MR. EVANS will, I think, find a reference to Hale as a place-name in 'N. & Q.,' 4th S. ii. 323, 404. There are many places in England bearing the name, e. g., Hale and Halewood (Lancashire), Hale (Hants and Surrey), Hale Magna (Lincolnshire, Hales (Staffordshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk), Hales Owen (Worcestershire), &c. Hale Farm, As regards barnacles, I intended some months Tottenham, is in the "Hale," which was formerly ago to write a note concerning them for 'N. & Q.,' a hamlet to Tottenham. Other instances of the but on consulting the indices I found that the sub-word as a place-name in Tottenham parish are ject had already been very fully discussed (see 1st S. i. 117, 169, 254, 340; viii. 124, 223, 300; 4th S. iii. 358, 417), so I abandoned the idea. The Hanger Hale (temp. Edward IV.) and Hale Field (in 1600), in Hanger Lane, now St. Ann's Road. Hale End, Essex, is part of Walthamstow parish, |