Time Before History: The Archaeology of North CarolinaNorth Carolina's written history begins in the sixteenth century with the voyages of Sir Walter Raleigh and the founding of the ill-fated Lost Colony on Roanoke Island. But there is a deeper, unwritten past that predates the state's recorded history. The |
Contents
1 Introduction | 1 |
PaleoIndian Period before 8000 BC | 2 |
Woodland Period 1000 BCAD 1600 | 3 |
Historic Period after AD 1540 | 5 |
A Brief History of North Carolina Archaeology | 6 |
A New Focus on North Carolina Archaeology | 8 |
Following in the Footsteps of Lederer and Lawson | 9 |
The Keyauwee Excavation | 11 |
The Early Saratown Phase AD 14501600 | 117 |
The Southern Piedmont | 119 |
The Pee Dee Culture | 123 |
The Caraway Phase AD 15001700 | 134 |
The Search for Cherokee Roots | 138 |
The Woodland Period | 139 |
The Early Woodland Period 1000300 BC | 140 |
The Middle Woodland Period 300 BCAD 800 | 146 |
Federal Archaeology Begins at Peachtree | 12 |
Building Cultural Chronologies | 15 |
The Cherokee Project | 17 |
North Carolina Archaeology Expands | 18 |
Recent Research Programs across North Carolina | 20 |
Notes on Organization | 23 |
An Elusive Quarry | 27 |
PaleoIndian Chronology in the Southeast | 29 |
Middle PaleoIndian Subperiod 90008500 BC | 31 |
PaleoIndian Settlement and Subsistence | 32 |
The PaleoIndian Period in North Carolina | 35 |
The Coastal Plain | 36 |
The Mountains | 46 |
A Time of Regionalization and Specialization | 47 |
The Archaic Period in the Piedmont | 49 |
Early Archaic Period 80006000 BC | 51 |
Middle Archaic Period 60003000 BC | 58 |
Late Archaic Period 3OOO1O00 BC | 64 |
The Archaic Period in the Mountains | 67 |
Early Archaic Period 80006000 BC | 69 |
Middle Archaic Period 60003000 BC | 70 |
The Archaic Period on the Coast and Coastal Plain | 72 |
Summary | 75 |
The Woodland Period in the Piedmont | 76 |
The Piedmont Village Tradition | 78 |
The Early Woodland and Middle Woodland Periods 1000 BC AD 800 | 80 |
The Yadkin Phase | 83 |
Recent Research and the EarlyMiddle Woodland Chronology | 85 |
Early Excavations in the Northeast Piedmont | 87 |
The Whites Creek Survey and the Forbush Creek Excavations | 95 |
Summary | 97 |
The Late Woodland Period AD 8001600 | 98 |
The Uwharrie Phase AD 8001200 | 100 |
The Haw River Phase AD 10001400 | 103 |
The Dan River Phase AD 10001450 | 105 |
The Donnaha Phase AD 10001450 | 109 |
The Hillsboro Phase AD 14001600 | 112 |
The Late Woodland Period AD 8001100 | 157 |
The South Appalachian Mississippian Tradition | 158 |
The Pisgah Phase AD 10001450 | 160 |
Mound Structure and Political Complexity | 175 |
Lamar Culture and the Qualla Phase after AD 1350 | 178 |
The Eastern Fringe of the Appalachian Summit | 190 |
Summary | 192 |
6 The Woodland Period on the Coast and Coastal Plain | 194 |
A Brief History of Coastal Plain Archaeology | 195 |
The Early Woodland Period 1000300 BC | 199 |
The Deep Creek and New River Phases | 200 |
Hamps Landing | 202 |
The Middle Woodland Period 300 BCAD 800 | 203 |
The Cape Fear Phase | 204 |
Sand Burial Mounds | 206 |
The Late Woodland Period AD 8001650 | 210 |
The Colington Phase | 211 |
The White Oak Phase | 216 |
The Cashie Phase | 223 |
Summary | 226 |
Tribes Traders and Turmoil | 229 |
The Contact Period in the Central Piedmont AD 16001710 | 233 |
The Mitchum Phase AD 16001670 | 235 |
The Jenrette Phase AD 16001680 | 237 |
The Fredricks Phase AD 16801710 | 242 |
The North Central Piedmont during the Contact Period | 247 |
The Late Saratown Phase AD 16701710 | 248 |
Contact Interaction and Cultural Change in the Piedmont | 254 |
European Plants and Livestock | 256 |
Disease | 257 |
The Contact Period in the Appalachian Summit | 260 |
The Late Qualla Phase AD 17001838 | 267 |
The Contact Period along the North Carolina Coast | 272 |
Summary | 275 |
| 277 | |
| 299 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Algonkian archaeological archaeologists artifacts Badin beads bones burials Cape Fear ceramic Chapel Hill clay coast Coastal Plain coastal region Colington complicated-stamped Connestee phase Contact period contained cordmarked County Coweeta Creek cultural Dan River Dickens Doerschuk Donnaha Early Archaic Early Woodland Egloff European evidence excavations Fredricks Gaston Georgia graves Hardaway Haw River Hillsboro phase Indian Jenrette Keel Keyauwee large number Late Woodland period located Lowder's Ferry Mathis midden Middle Archaic North Carolina North Carolina archaeology North Carolina Piedmont Occaneechi ossuary Paleo-Indian Pee Dee Phase A.D. Phelps Pisgah Pisgah phase postholes potsherds pottery Qualla phase radiocarbon dates River phase Saratown phase Savannah River settlement shell sherds similar simple stamped Siouan South Appalachian Mississippian Southeast southern spear points stockade subsistence suggest surface Swannanoa tempered Town Creek town house trade tradition types University of North Upper Saratown Uwharrie vessel village Virginia Ward and Davis Warren Wilson Yadkin Yadkin River