SCENE I.-London. A Street leading to the Tower.

QUEEN. This way the king will come; this is the way

To Julius Cæsar's ill-erected a tower,

To whose flint bosom my condemned lord
Is doom'd a prisoner by proud Bolingbroke:
Here let us rest, if this rebellious earth

Have any resting for her true king's queen.

Enter KING RICHARD and Guards.

But soft, but see, or rather do not see,
My fair rose wither: Yet look up; behold;
That you in pity may dissolve to dew,

And wash him fresh again with true-love tears.
Ah, thou, the model where old Troy did stand;
Thou map of honour; thou king Richard's tomb,
And not king Richard; thou most beauteous innb;
Why should hard-favour'd grief be lodg'd in thee,
When triumph is become an alehouse guest?
K. RICH. Join not with grief, fair woman, do not so,
To make my end too sudden: learn, good soul,
To think our former state a happy dream;
From which awak'd, the truth of what we are
Shows us but this: I am sworn brother, sweet,
To grim necessity; and he and I

Will keep a league till death. Hie thee to France,
And cloister thee in some religious house:

Our holy lives must win a new world's crown,

Which our profane hours here have stricken down.
QUEEN. What, is my Richard both in shape and mind
Transform'd and weaken'd? Hath Bolingbroke
Depos'd thine intellect? Hath he been in thy heart?
The lion, dying, thrusteth forth his paw,

And wounds the earth, if nothing else, with rage
To be o'erpower'd; and wilt thou, pupil-like,

Take thy correction mildly? kiss the rod;
And fawn on rage with base humility,

Which art a lion, and a king of beasts?

K. RICH. A king of beasts, indeed; if aught but beasts,

I had been still a happy king of men.

Good sometime queen, prepare thee hence for France:
Think I am dead; and that even here thou tak'st,

• The Queen, in a series of bold metaphors, compares her "condemned lord" to a ruin, or a mere outward form of greatness. He is "the model where old Troy did stand"—the representation of the waste on which the most renowned city of antiquity once stood.

Inn. We doubt whether the word is here used as Falstaff uses it-" Shall I not take mine ease in mine inn?" An inn was originally a dwelling-a place of cover or protection. We have still the Inns of Court; Lord Braybrook's seat in Essex, commonly called Audley-End, is, properly, Audley-Inn. When the Queen opposes the term alehouse to inn, she certainly does not mean, as Monck Mason thinks, to discriminate between two classes of houses of entertainment, but between a public-house and a "beauteous mansion."

• Sworn brother. Military adventurers were sometimes leagued to share each others' fortunes -to divide their plunder, and even their honours. They were then fratres jurati-sworn brothers.

As from my death-bed, my last living leave.
In winter's tedious nights sit by the fire
With good old folks; and let them tell thee tales
Of woeful ages, long ago betid:

And, ere thou bid good night, to quit their grief,
Tell thou the lamentable falla of me,

And send the hearers weeping to their beds.

For why, the senseless brands will sympathise
The heavy accent of thy moving tongue,

And, in compassion, weep the fire out:

And some will mourn in ashes, some coal-black,

For the deposing of a rightful king.

Enter NORTHUMBERLAND, attended.

NORTH. My lord, the mind of Bolingbroke is chang'd;
You must to Pomfret, not unto the Tower.

And, madam, there is order ta'en for you;
With all swift speed you must away to France.
K. RICH. Northumberland, thou ladder wherewithal
The mounting Bolingbroke ascends my throne,
The time shall not be
hours of age
More than it is, ere foul sin, gathering head,
Shall break into corruption: thou shalt think,
Though he divide the realm, and give thee half,

many

It is too little, helping him to all:

And he shall think that thou, which know'st the way

To plant unrightful kings, wilt know again,

Being ne'er so little urg'd another way,

To pluck him headlong from the usurped throne.

The love of wicked friends converts to fear;
That fear to hate; and hate turns one, or both,
To worthy danger, and deserved death.

NORTH. My guilt be on my head, and there an end.

Take leave, and part; for you must part forthwith.
K. RICH. Doubly divorc'd!-Bad men, ye violate
A twofold marriage; 'twixt my crown and me;
And then betwixt me and my married wife.
Let me unkiss the oath 'twixt thee and me;
And yet not so, for with a kiss 't was made".

Part us, Northumberland; I towards the north,

Where shivering cold and sickness pines the clime;

• Fall. So the folio. The quartos, tale.

The kiss was an established form of the ancient ceremony of affiancing. (See Illustrations of 'Two Gentlemen of Verona,' Act II., Scene 2.)

My queen to France; from whence, set forth in pomp,
She came adorned hither like sweet May,

Sent back like Hallowmas, or short'st of day.
QUEEN. And must we be divided? must we part?

K. RICH. Ay, hand from hand, my love, and heart from heart.
QUEEN. Banish us both, and send the king with me.

NORTH. That were some love, but little policy.
QUEEN. Then whither he goes thither let me go.
K. RICH. So two, together weeping, make one woe.
Weep thou for me in France, I for thee here;
Better far off than near, be ne'er the near'.

Go, count thy way with sighs; I mine with groans.
QUEEN. So longest way shall have the longest moans.

K. RICH. Twice for one step I 'll groan, the way being short,
And piece the way out with a heavy heart.

Come, come, in wooing sorrow let's be brief,
Since, wedding it, there is such length in grief.
One kiss shall stop our mouths, and dumbly part;
Thus give I mine, and thus take I thy heart.
QUEEN. Give me mine own again; 't were no good part,
To take on me to keep, and kill thy heart.
So, now I have mine own again, begone,
That I may strive to kill it with a groan.

K. RICH. We make woe wanton with this fond delay;

Once more, adieu; the rest let sorrow say.

[They kiss.

[Kiss again.

[Exeunt.

SCENE II.-The same. A Room in the Duke of York's Palace.

Enter YORK and his DUCHESS 21.

DUCH. My lord, you told me you would tell the rest,

When weeping made you break the story off

Of our two cousins coming into London.

YORK. Where did I leave?

DUCH.

At that sad stop, my lord,

Where rude misgovern'd hands, from window's tops,
Threw dust and rubbish on king Richard's head.

YORK. Then, as I said, the duke, great Bolingbroke,

Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed,

Which his aspiring rider seem'd to know,

• Queen. So the folio. The quartos, wife.

Hallowmas. The first of November,-opposed to "sweet May."

Ne'er the near. Some deem this a proverbial expression, meaning not nearer to good. It appears to us here to mean never the nearer."

With slow, but stately pace, kept on his course,
While all tongues cried-God save thee, Bolingbroke!
You would have thought the very windows spake,
So many greedy looks of young and old
Through casements darted their desiring eyes
Upon his visage; and that all the walls,
With painted imagery, had said at once,-
Jesu preserve thee! welcome, Bolingbroke!
Whilst he, from one side to the other turning,
Bare-headed, lower than his proud steed's neck,
Bespake them thus,-I thank you, countrymen :
And thus still doing, thus he pass'd along.

--

DUCH. Alas, poor Richard! where rides he the whilst?
YORK. As in a theatre, the eyes of men,

After a well-grac'd actor leaves the stage,
Are idly bent on him that enters next,

Thinking his prattle to be tedious:

Even so, or with much more contempt, men's eyes
Did scowl on Richard; no man cried, God save him;
No joyful tongue gave him his welcome home:
But dust was thrown upon his sacred head;
Which with such gentle sorrow he shook off,
His face still combating with tears and smiles,

The badges of his grief and patience,

That had not God, for some strong purpose, steel'd

The hearts of men, they must perforce have melted,
And barbarism itself have pitied him.

But heaven hath a hand in these events;

To whose high will we bound our calm contents.

To Bolingbroke are we sworn subjects now,

Whose state and honour I for aye allow.

Enter AUMERLE.

DUCH. Here comes my son Aumerle.

YORK.

Aumerle that was;

But that is lost, for being Richard's friend,
And, madam, you must call him Rutland now:

I am in parliament pledge for his truth,

• It is pleasant, in reading what has been written upon Shakspere, to meet occasionally with the genial criticism of one who understands him. Dryden, speaking of this celebrated passage, says, "The painting of this description is so lively, and the words so moving, that I have scarce read anything comparable to it in any other language.”

b Aumerle that was. Aumerle was deprived of his dukedom by an act of Henry's first parliament; but was suffered to retain his earldom of Rutland.