High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

12-pulse convertor 6-pulse a.c. network a.c. system anode Bipole bridge busbar bypass cable capacitance capacitor characteristic CIGRE circuit breaker commutation failure commutation reactance compensation components configuration connected control system convertor station convertor transformer current control current order current waveform d.c. circuit d.c. current d.c. line d.c. power d.c. side d.c. transmission d.c. voltage direct current direct voltage disturbances fundamental frequency h.v.d.c. convertors h.v.d.c. schemes h.v.d.c. transmission harmonic current harmonic filters harmonic orders harmonic voltage IEEE illustrated in Fig increase inductance insulation interconnection invertor end load mercury-arc modulation Mvar Nelson River Bipole normally oscillations overcurrent overhead line overvoltages parallel phase pole power flow power transmission protection reactive power rectifier reduce resonance short-circuit shown in Fig shunt smoothing reactor switching synchronous condensers system impedance tap changer terminal thyristor valves transient transmission line typical valve group valve hall voltage and current voltage waveforms waveform