Ecological MethodologyThis coherent text translates the methods of statisticians into "ecological English" so that students may readily apply these methods to the real world. Ecological Methodology, Second Edition provides a balance of material on animal and plant populations. It teaches students of ecology how to design the most efficient tests in order to obtain maximum precision with minimal work. The first part of the text focuses on biological and technical issues in statistical methodology. Students learn about advances that have been made in designing better sampling devices, along with the techniques and equipment used for sampling. The second part deals with creating solid statistical design, and presents all methods that are well-known to statisticians in a language and context that students will easily understand. |
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... bias results from two different factors ( Marsh and Sinclair 1989 ) . Availability bias results from animals being concealed when the counting is being done . For example , a moose may be under a tree and not visible , or a whale may be ...
... Bias in niche overlap measures . Bias is measured as ( true value -- estimated value ) ex- pressed as a percentage . All overlap bias results in an underestimation of the overlap . ( a ) Effect of changing the number of resource ...
... bias of x is defined as B Bias ( xs ) = xs - μ which can be estimated by : Bias ( s ) = XB - XS ( 15.41 ) ( 15.42 ) Because of this bias , bootstrap estimates are usually bias - adjusted by combining equa- tions ( 15.41 ) and ( 15.42 ) ...