APPENDIX.

APPENDIX I.

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE PROVINCE OF ZA'NFARA.

THE province of Zánfara in former times was far more extensive than at present, its ancient capital being situated half a day (hantsi) east from Sansánne 'Aísa, on the road to Tóze, and this is perhaps Birni-n-Zanfara, founded by the powerful chief Babári about a century ago. At that time the province was a powerful kingdom, but at present it is in the most distracted condition, half of the places belonging to it being still under the rule of the Fulbe, while the other half have revolted successfully, and are strictly allied with the Góberáwa.

Under the rule of the Fulbe, or Fullán, are the following places:

Zýrmi, with three governors: one, Abu Hamid, who has ruled (in 1853) seven, another, Tarna, who has ruled fifteen years, and a third one, a younger brother of Tarna, but who has exercised power for thirty years;* Kauri-n-Namóda, at present governed by Mahamudu, a younger brother of the warlike and far-famed chief Namóda, who has ruled for the last twelve years; Búnka, Bóka, Góga, Yánkaba, Dába, Banga, Birni-n-Máddera, Módiki, Moríki with Ne-ebbusuwa, Kóre with Makauru, Dunfawa, Dúchi, Badarawa, Katúru, Kanna, Dan I'sa, Waúnaka-n-Fellani (in order to distinguish it from another town of the same name, which is allied with the Góberawa), Yangwoy, Kiawa, Rúra, Waúni, Jirgába, Gabáke, Kangwa, Kadámusá, Yanbukki, Take-adoy, Birni-n-Magaji, Birni-n-Torówa or Marekay, with Dan Korgú, Tuddu Makanger, Rawiya, Bidaji, Chíbiri.

The independent places are the following:

A'nka, residence of 'Abdú, the rebel chief of Zánfara (Serkí-n-Zánfara); Máffara, residence of Serkí-n-Tléta; Gummi, residence of the chief Banyári; Zóma, residence of 'Alí, and close by Gólli; Sabónbirni Dáragá, residence of Bánagá; Marádu, residence of Serkí-n-Káya; Gáumaché and Góra close by; Mátusgí, residence of Ajía; Gárbadú and Kággará, Munré, Bokúra, residence of Serki-n-Bawa; Damrí, Sabóngarí, Dúffwa Máffará, a district, with the chief place, Rúwa-n-bóre; Dankó, U ́ya.

In order to arrange these places topographically, I shall first give an itinerary from Kanó to Sókoto, by way of Kauri-n-Namóda.

Day.

1st. Rími-n-Gadó.

2d. Sha-nóno, a large walled place, having passed Yángadá.

3d. Kúrkejam or Kúrkejango, first place of the province of Kátsena, having passed Sabberé.

4th. Musawa, a large walled town, with a market; short march.

5th. Ya-mántemáki, with a water-course on its east side running south; having passed U'ngwa Sámia.

6th. Sawi, having passed Yá-músa, Shawáre, and Jigawa.

7th. Ajja, a walled place of middle size.

8th. Kiawa, very large walled place, formerly the capital of Zánfara, at present rather thinly inhabited.

9th. Kauri-n-Namóda, residence of Namóda (brother of Mahamudu), with a market held every Monday and Tuesday, and a considerable water-course on the west side, once a very large and populous place. A short day's march south, a little west from this place, lies Riyawa (not Ránia), and west from it Bungudú, at present said to be the largest place in Zánfara among those which belong to the faction of the Fellani; to its district or territory belong the smaller places of Alíbawá, Bidáji, Kasaráwa, Módomáwa, Faddamawa, Formerly there was in Zýrmi a powerful governor belonging to the faction of the Góberáwa, called Dan Jéka, who ruled twenty years, when he was murdered by Mámmedu (Mohammedu).

Day.

Kontambáni, and the settlements of the Fellani-n-Dáwaki, and the Fellanin-Také-adoy.

10th. Birni-n-Góga, on the east side of the same water-course.

11th. Kúsará, a small place inhabited by Fulbe.

12th. Gwára, large walled place, having crossed a water-course.

13th. Bakúra, large walled place, formerly residence of 'Atíku, the son of Hámedu, till the town was taken by the Goberáwa. To the territory of this town belong the places Sabóngarí, Dámmerí, Sála, Dogóje.

The river

Bakúra from A'nka one long day south, farther than Gándi from Wurnó; Bakúra from Gándi one good day south, passing by Gáumaché. forms a large bend west of Bakúra, and at the angle lies Tymba. 14th. Týmba, walled place on the west side of the Gulbi-n-Bakúra, at present in the hands of the A'zena. Between Týmba and Bakúra lie the towns Birni-n-Dámbo and Birni-n-Riyáde, and hereabout are the places Alíbaná, Bidaji, Kasaráwa, Féllani-n-Dawaki, Féllani-n-Také - adoy, Módomáwa, Faddamáwa, Kontambani.

15th. Galádi or Danfa, large place, with a pond of stagnant water.

16th. A place of elephant-hunters.

17th. Sókoto.

I shall now connect Bánagá, or rather Sabónbirni Dáragá, as it is more properly called, with a few other places, and shall then conclude this Appendix, reserving for Appendix III. an enumeration of the towns and villages situated along the course of the Gulbi-n-Zóma to where it joins the Gulbi-n-Sókoto.

From Banaga to A'nka is one long day north, just as from Gándi to Wurnó; from Banaga to Gummi three days W.N.W.: 1st day. Adebka, Garí-n-serkí-Kiya2d. Birni-n-Týddu, on the south side of the Gulbi-n-Zóma. passing by the town of Kaiwa.

wa.

3d. Gúmmi, From Banaga to Kotórkoshé six moderate days' march: 1st. Bíni or Béna. 2d. Mutumji. 3d. Magami. 4th. Samrí. 5th. Chafe. 6th. Kotórkoshé.

N.B.-Besides Bíni and Mutúmji, there are, in the same quarter, the district inclosed between Bánagá, Kotú-n-kúra-Kotú-n-kúra being from Bánagá two days S.W.-and Gwári, the small principalities of Machéri, Bána, Morébbu, and Kumbáshi, all residences of petty chiefs, dependent in some degree on the governor of Kátsena.

Between Bakúra and Zóma lie Damrí, Sabóngarí, Sála, Takáre; farther on, entering the territory of Zóma, Dangarúnfa, Másu, Matsáfa, Gúsará, Bókuyum, Solli. From Sokoto to Zóma, south, three days: first day, Danchádi, the same as from Sokoto to Wurnó; then a long night's march, reaching in the morning Birni-nMágaji, distance the same as that from Zékka to Búnka; from Mágaji to Zoma short march. From Gandó the distance is shorter.

Zóma lies about half way between A'nka and Gúmmi, on a river called after it, Gulbi-n-Zóma; but I shall give all the particulars with regard to the towns lying along this valley farther on, in Appendix IV., as this river, which lower down is called Gulbi-n-Ġíndi, unites with the Gulbi-n-Sokoto within the boundaries of Kebbi. I here subjoin a list of the places situated along the water-course, which lower down is called "Gulbi-n-Sokoto," between Sansánne-'Aísa and Dímbisó, but at present almost all of them are destroyed and deserted: first, Tóze on the south side; Gawángasó, where the branch of Marádi and Chéberi joins the greater trunk valley; Alkalawa (written Alkadháwa), the former capital of Góber, destroyed by the Fulbe, Laijinge, both south; Páday, north; Tsámay, north; Tsíche, north; Bore, south; Kakákia, north; Márennú, south; Maráfa, south; Kiráre, north; Shináka, south; Giyawa, Dímbisó. The valley, which probably has a very winding course, must therefore approach Giyawa a little nearer than it has been laid down on the map.

APPENDIX II.

A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS RELATING TO GO'BER AND ZAʼNFARA.

(a.) Princes of Góber.

Sóba, residing in Magale, one day west from Chébiri, made war against Gurma and Barba (Bargu), beyond the River Kwára, wherein he discovered a ford. U'ba Ashé succeeded to Sóba.

HISTORICAL FACTS AND LINE OF DESCENT.

635

Babári, King of Góber, reigned about fifty years, was introduced by the chief men of Zanfara into Birni-n-Zanfara, then a wealthy place and the centre of an important commerce (1764), which he conquered and destroyed; whereupon he founded Alkalawa, which then became the capital of Góber. This was the origin of the national hatred which exists between the Góberáwa and Zanfarawa.

Dángudé, killed by the A'sbenawa.

Bawa, with the surname Mayakí, the warrior, on account of his restless and warlike character. During the eight years of his reign he only remained forty days in Alkalawa, waging war the whole time.

Yákoba, a younger brother of Bawa, reigned seven years, was killed by Agoréggi, the ruler of Kátsena, which place appears at that time to have reached its highest degree of power.

Búnu reigned seven years, died in Alkalawa.

Yunfa reigned forty-four years.

Dane or Dan Yunfa reigned six years, made war against 'Othman the Reformer, son of Fódiye, when he was killed by Bello, son of 'Othman, at the taking of Alkalawa.

Salehn dan Babáliwá resided in Mázum, reigned two years, till killed by Bello. Gómki, seven years, slain by Bello.

'Alí, eighteen years, according to others twelve, slain by the Fulbe, together with Ráuda serki-n-Kátsena.

Jibbo Tawuba reigned seven years, according to others three years, residing in Marádi.

Bachiri, seven months.

The present King of Góber, generally known under the name of Mayáki, the warrior, on account of his martial disposition, son of Yákoba, has ruled since 1836.

(b.) A few data with reference to the ruling families in Sókoto and Gandó. Bello built Sokoto while 'Othman was residing in Gandó; from hence the latter went to Sifawa or Shifawa, thence to Sokoto, where he resided ten years more.

Rulers of Sokoto.

'Othman died 3 Jumád II., 1817 (A.H. 1233), aged sixty-four years, having resided thirteen years in Gandó and Sifawa, and ten in Sókoto.

Bello, twenty-one years, died 25 Rejeb, 1837 (A.H. 1253), aged fifty-eight years. 'Atíku, another son of 'Othmán, succeeded him, reigned five years three months, died in the beginning of 1843.

Aliyu, son of Bello, had reigned ten (lunar) years four months in April, 1853.

Rulers of Gandó.

Abd Allahi died 1827, Wednesday, A. H. 20 Moharrem, 1245.
Mohammed Wani died 1836, A. H. 4 Ramadhan, 1250.

Khalilu was, A.D. 1853, in the eighteenth year of his reign.

Children of Fódiye, son of Mohammed.

'Alí, father of Módibo 'Alí; Sheikh 'Othmán; 'Abd-Alláhi; Hotíhun Máunuma; Enhatákko, a daughter-all born of one mother.

Mameñáro; Elfá 'Omáro; Mamma Júma, still alive; Bakódda--born of different mothers.

Children of Othmán dan Fódiye.

Mohammed Bisáda; Sambo Wulfy; Bello; 'Atíku; Mohammed Bokhári, a very learned man, died 1840, A. H. the 23 Háj, 1255, aged fifty-five years three months; Hassan, father of Khalílu dan Hassan; Mohammed Hajo; 'Abd el Kádiri; Hámed el Rufáy, and 'Isa, alive still, the former residing in Tózo.

'Alí Jédi, the father of Abu 'l Hassan, serkí-n-yáki; Moéji, an influential chief of the tribe of the Wolóbe; and the serkí-n-Syllebawa, were the three principal advisers of 'Othman dan Fódiye, and were the persons who placed his successor, Bello, upon the throne.

(c.) Fúlbe Tribes.

Divisions of the Fellani-n-Sokoto.

Torunkawa, Toróde or Tórobe, Torunkáwa Sabúni (thus called because, when as

yet nothing but m'allemín, or learned men, they prepared much soap, in order to keep their dress of the purest white), Wolárbe, in Kebbi, Fellani-n-Konne, Uda, herdsmen, Kasarawa, in Zóma, 'Alebawa, in Zýrmi, 'Aláwa, in Kámmané, Bidazawa, in Dánkogí, Fellani-n-danéji, in Kátsena, Féllani-n-Delláji, in Kátsena, Fellani-n-Bebéji, Fellani-n-Yandótu, Gezáwa, Gátari, Féllani-n-Rúma, Féllani-n-Takabawa, Jaube, dengi-n-'Othmán (the family of 'Othmán).

Fellani-n-A'dar.

Mansubin Mohammedáni, Bálerankoyen, Ránerankoyen, Baréngankoyen, dengin-'Abd el Kádiri, Tamankoye, Kugga, Tánagamáwa, Sunsunkoyen, Kofavenkoven, Hirlabe, Chilawa, Alínkoyen, Alkámunkoyen, Gumborankoven, Bórotankoyen, Sekke, Mabberankoyen, Sísankoyen, Wewébe, Bororoye, Gurgabe.

The Governors of A'dar.

To the N. E. of Sokoto lies the province of A'dar, with the chief market-place Konni, ruled by four different chiefs or sáraki:

Serki-n-A'dar Hamidu, belonging to the Tauzamáwa, in A'zaw, a place four days north from Wurno, fortified with a Keffi or stockade.

Serki-n-A'dar M'allem, likewise of the Tauzamáwa, in Illéle, five days from Wurno, with keffi; one day from A'zaw.

Serki-n-A'dar Yákoba, also Tauzamáwa, in Tawa, six days from Wurno, one from Illéle.

Serkí-n-A'dar Sherif, in Tsambo, four days from Wurno, one S. W. from A ́zaw.

APPENDIX III

GIMMUL SEKHO 'ОTHMÁNO. ALLAHO lámido dum essaláto burdo fukka:

Domáda ya A ́hmedu jenído lesde fukka.

SONG OF SHEIKH OTHMÁN. GOD, the Lord, he excels all in superiority:

He is greater than you, A ́hmed (Mohammed); his light illumines the whole earth.

Alláho gettaini omóje omojínde neïmmo I praise the Lord God, who sent his fukka. blessing [mercy?].

Neloimo Ahmedu hinne kúbdo takélle He sent Ahmed to all his creatures. fukka.

Annóro makko yokám wóni ásseli tákeli fukka:

Annóro hakkíllo non annóro gíde fukka:

Annóro Imani Mumeníye toháute fukka;

Annóro yímbe Wiláya ka ánnaba kó fuk

ka:

Nange he léuru he móbgel jenatódi fukka,

Fandáki ússuru jellimmádo fukka.

Alláho búrnerí I'brahíma tákele fukka.

Bolidel wolwide Músa der togéfe fukka.

Ahokki I ́sa bosémbido roibo róho fukka. Amóbda mágiki bóluki non boyíde fukka.

His light shines over all his creatures :

the light of intelligence, as well as that
of sight, all-comprising:
the splendor of the Imám of the Faithful
reaches every where;

all the splendor of the Weli [holy men]
and of the prophets:

and when sun and moon unite all that is splendid,

their light does not reach His resplendence.

God blessed Abraham among the whole of his creatures.

Moses obtained eloquence among man-
kind.

To Jesus was given strength and spirit.
Thou hast obtained a sight of Him (of
God); thou hast obtained eloquence
and authority.

mankind.

Alláho kamsódi A'damu der togéfe fuk- God has distinguished Adam among all ka. Nan subtedí Núhu I'brahíma woddu fuk- Thus Noah and Abraham were distinka; guished in all their dealings; Kuréshe Húshimo derbaléje makko fukka. Kurésh and Hashem in their dwellings.