Mr. Parkburst, p. 39, was Master of the Stationers' Company in 1703, and was the most eminent Presbyterian Bookseller in the three Kingdoms.

Mrs. Barnardiston, p. 63, was the first wife to Sir Samuel Barnardistan, a Patriot both before and after the Restoration.

Mr. Benjamin Marriot, "the great Eater," p. 90, was a Lawyer of Gray's Inn, who piqued himself on a voracious appetite. There is a portrait of him, carrying sheeps' heads and plucks, with two boys hooting after him.

great Eater,

"Here to your view 's presented the [morant, Marriot the Lawyer, Graves Innes CurWho for his Gutt is become an Escheator, Those who will feed him Counsell shall not want."

There is another Portrait of him, in 12mo, "At the Shambles."

Mr. Granger says, "The writings of Increase Mather, and his son Cotton, p. 94, relative to the New England Witches, made a great noise in the world; and are at this day matter of astonishment to those who read the history in detail, with the various attestations of the facts."

Natick, p. 115, is an antient township in Middlesex, Massachusetts, 18 miles South-west of Boston. Its name in the Indian language signifies the place of hills. The famous Mr. Elliot formed a religious society here, and in 1670 there were 50 Indian communicants. At his motion, the general court granted the land in this town, containing about 6000 acres, to the Indians. Very few of their descendants, however, now remain.

Thomas Coryat, p. 124, travelled over a great part of Europe on foot, and distinguished himself by walking 900 miles with one pair of shoes, which, as he informs us, he got mended at Zurick.

At Wenham, p. 132, a township of Massachusetts, Essex county, between Ipswich and Beverley, 26 miles from Boston, is a large pond well stored with fish, from which, and its vicinity to Salem, it was with whimsical piety called Enon by the first settlers. Ipswich, p. 133, was heretofore a place of much more consequence than at present.

A Print of the Statue of Erasmus, p. 144, resembles the prints of him after his portraits by Holbein.-The walks in and about the Hague, are plantations of trees; and the face of the country, especially on the way to the house in the wood, are altogether superior to any thing in

Holland.

At the house of Mr. Eudred, letterfounder, at Haerlem, Mr. Granger saw a specimen of the first book that was printed by Laurence Coster. See his Notes of a Tour through Holland."

P. 148. Mr. Granger saw 15 couple married. The men and women were at first in separate apartments in the Stadthouse. We there saw the latter, whom the men, after a little time, came into the rooms to, and led into the large room where they were married, sitting, by a Counsellor at Law, to whom was joined an Assessor of the same profession; one of the Secretaries of State was also present, besides other persons who attended ex-officio. The persons who were married joined hands, and each couple was asked in a very few words the important question. After they had given their assent, which was noted in a book by the Counsellor who performed the office, the populace, of whom numbers attended at the doors, were admitted as witnesses, and the several couples went out hand in hand.

A family of the name of Christmas, p. 152, still exists in the county of Waterford, and are respectable.

Barlow, 170, was Bishop of Lincoln, and wrote the "Case of a Toleration in matters of Religion," addressed to Robert Boyle, esq.

If these remarks are accepted, you̟ shall hear again from CARADOC.

*** We are much obliged to A FRIEND TO ACCURACY, and shall thank him for a sight of the Tract he mentions.

THE

THE SCOTCH DISTILLERY. HE difference of the Highland and the Lowland duty has always excited much consideration. It is alleged that the latter is too high in itself, and the difference in favour of the former is answered to such a degree as to secure to it a complete monopoly of the trade, at a trifling duty, operating as a bounty, to ruin the revenue and the distillery, and to counteract the intention of raising the price of spirits. Besides, the Lowland farmer must either export his barley to foreign markets, or carry it to distant corners of the Highlands to be distilled; for without the distilling there is not a market in that country for the barley which the farmer by his rotation of crops is ob liged to raise; and during the prohibition of 1795 a very considerable quantity of barley actually lay on the hands of the merchant and farmer, which did not find a market among the distillers till Christmas 1796.

The Highland boundary comprebends many districts of country remarkable for producing the best

grain in the kingdom; and when their own district does not afford grain sufficient to the Highland districts, they are uniformly in the prac tice of drawing the necessary supplies from the Lowlands. During Mr. Pitt's administration the Ferrintosto Pitfearan, and some other exemptions, were bought up at an enormous amount; and the good effect of this measure to the revenue is well known; but the subsequent augmen tation of the duty, and extension of a new exemption, may ultimately cost the Nation some millions to redeem.

It is obvious to every one who is acquainted with the spirit business, and with the situation of Scotland, that an annual duty on spirits manufactured and consumed there, if it amount to 7 or 800,000l. is greatly beyond their strength;-and, independently of the favour shewn to the Highlands, will operate the ruin of the trade: neither will the prevalence of drinking spirits be checked by it.

Those districts carry on their trade by an annual licence expiring on the 10th of October; their security is given by a bond to pay the duties açcording to the terms of this licence, and also to pay themevery two months in advance. In December 1796, the augmentation and alteration of these duties was submitted to Parliament as a part of the Budget then opened and since passed into a law, although those licences had then nearly a year

to run.

And the Lowland districts were so much alarmed from the immense number of applications made for Highland licences, that they authorised their agent to offer to the Duke of Athol, 10,000l. for the use of the stills applied for by his Grace, for the district of Dunkald only see the Resolutions of the Committee of Districts at Edinburgh of December 1796, where this interesting subject was fully considered.)

The Committee of the House of Commons for preventing illicit practices used in defrauding the Revenue, for the accommodation of trade, at the instance of the Commissioners of Customs of Scotland, resolved, That all high duty goods should be wareboused at importation, in warehouses to be provided to the satisfaction of the proper officers at the importer's expence, and under the joint locks of

the King and the proprietor; subject only to the payment of duties for the same when taken out of the warehouses for home consumption; and that if taken out for exportation, the same to be delivered free of all duties whatsoever. The extension or permission to be granted for three years.

That under the present system much distress frequently arises from the waut of ready money to satisfy the duties at the time of importation, and various artifices are made use of to obtain drawbacks fraudulently, by which there can be no doubt that the Revenue suffers considerably; probably more than it gains by the sums retained at present for goods intended to be exported. (See Third Report to the House of Commons, 23 March 1794.)

This was the foundation of the subsequent Acts affecting tobacco, rum, coffee, &c. The design of the general bonding system was to render London the grand depot of merchandize, which might increase its commerce, as well as benefit the Revenue.

A merchant of great respectability and opulence offered his opinion that the best security against illicit trade, is a general reduction of duties on a bonding system, and to impose duties, instead of prohibitions on many articles of commerce now only imported for immediate exportation-and which are only thus exported to be smuggied back again without duty. It would secure and increase the Revenue, lessen the expences of guarding and watching it, and all that system of connivance, which is frequently too strong and alluring to be resisted in the officers whose duty it is to protect it and detect the offenders. Ja wars, the effects of free trade are strongly marked by the increase of a legalized trade in neutral bottoms, which become the great carriers in a regular line of commerce, with all the duties that are imposed upon it in time of peace, from the security of their navigation, and at a less expence. States are frequently obliged in war to relax in their systems, and to encourage or receive their stores, supplies, and commerce, in neutral bottoms. Holland, Ostend, and Hamburgh, are also strong examples how far a free trade or a neutral port, in times of war, have and will encourage and protect commerce, and how

much

much nations give to foreigners what might have been secured to them-, selves, by other systems. (See Let ters on Commerce and London Docks, p. 12.)

All foreign commodities were originally brought into England by the Lombard or Hanseatic merchants, who formed the most powerful commercial confederacy known in his tory. The English ports were frequented by ships both from the North and South of Europe, and they tamely allowed foreigners to reap all the profits arising from the supply of their wants. The first Commercial Treaty of England on record, is that with Haquin King of Norway, A.D. 1217 *. But the English did not venture to trade in their own ships to the Baltic until the beginning of the 14th century. It was after the middle of the 15th before they sent any ship into the Mediterranean. Nor was it long before this period that their vessels began to visit the ports of Spain or Portugal +. From these causes, and from the subsequent concourse of foreigners which resorted to this country, its communication with all the other nations of Europe rapidly increased; and hence arose its almost unbounded, at least unparalleled influence, wealth, and authority.

But I have exceeded the limits which you can afford to this subject, however important it be-sufficient has I hope been offered to secure attention, and to interest those of your numerous Readers whose better ex

perience and influence may improve on the hints which I have presuined to suggest.

Mr. URBAN,

OBS

A. H.

April 5. BSERVING in p. 198, a communication from Sir R. C. Hoare, expressing a wish to learn any intelligence of the Hungerford family;-I am not enabled to give him much information on the subject, but I believe the last descendant of that family married a Mr. Walker, and after his death re-assumed her maiden name of Hungerford; she lived for some years at Colne, and ber town residence was the corner of Henrietta-street, Cavendish-square; her only surviving child (a daughter) is married to General

* Anderson, Com. 108. 151. 177.

+ Robertson's Charles V. vol. I. p. 408.

Bristol, March 31. HE Letter in your last Supple

THE

ment, p. 608, signed ECCLESIE AMICUS, coincides with the opinion of many sincere friends to the Established Church among the Laity, in all parts of the kingdom. Indeed it has long been a matter of astonishment, and, I may say, sincere regret, that a part of the Clerical dress so strictly enjoined by the 58th and 74th Canons of the United Church of England and Ireland should be so very shamefully neglected, even by some who, generally speaking, are far from being indifferent to the dignity of their sacred Order, or careless with regard to the forms of the Church. The wearing of the hood is as directly ordered as that of the surplice ;for the first of the abovementioned Canons, viz. the 58th, after prescribing the use of the surplice during the times of Divine Worship, adds the following words" Furthermore, such ministers as are graduates SHALL wear upon their surplices at such times, such hoods as by the orders of the Universities are agreeable to their degrees, which no Minister shall wear, being no graduate, under pain of suspension."

Thus, (as the learned Wheatley observes in his valuable Illustration of the Book of Common Prayer) "that. these Academical Honours, which always entitle those they are conferred' upon to the greater respect and esteem of the people, might be known' abroad as well as in the Universities; the Church enjoins that every Minister who is a Graduate, shall wear his proper hood during the time of Divine Service." But now, alas! many

hood."

Crabbe's Parish Register, II. 5th Edit. And, Mr. Urban, this is generally among the articles of Enquiry at Episcopal and Archidiaconal Visitations; it was, as I well remember, inserted among the printed Questions of the present learned Bishop of this City at his last Visitation. "Without doubt, (as your Correspondent Ecclesiæ Amicus' justly observes) the Clergy who thus appear, contribute their share," in these levelling days, " to uphold, in this respect, the Sacerdotal Dignity. Disusing the insignia of Disusing the insignia of University or Lambeth Honours, and affixing them at the same time to the name, is an inconsistency not easily

to be accounted for. Those who have no right to the honourable distinctions above alluded to take as much of the Robes of our Church as they can possibly assume;" whilst to some of the Clergy of the Established Church may be applied (with a slight grammatical alteration) another line of the eminent Poet before quoted for

"Careless" are they "of surplice, hood,

and band."

Crabbe's Parish Reg. II. p. 52. 5th Edit. But here I am naturally led to notice a strange innovation, followed by some of the elder as well as of the younger members of the Sacred Order-viz. the violation of the above Canons, which it is their bounden duty to obey, and, instead of wearing their proper hood, assuming the use of the scarf, which, as a mark of honour, is appropriated solely to the use of chaplains to Noblemen, Bachelors in Di

vinity, Doctors in Diviuity, Doctors of the Canon Law when in Holy Orders, and the Dignitaries of our Church. This piece of vanity or affectation, however, has been so well exposed and commented on in No. 609, of the Spectator, that a reference to that need only be recommended to induce all truly respectable characters to drop the use of an ornamental part of the clerical dress, which, not belonging to them, must necessarily excite the contempt of all their auditors who happen to be aware of it.

Mr. URBAN,

S. T. B.

April 6.

T is not without regret that Ì am tempted to start a doubt on the ingenious etymology of the Bug

Nails, given in your last Number, P. 228, by a Correspondent, from whose lucubrations I promise myself much amusement; but I remember certainly not Bacchanals, the sign of a very few years ago a Bag of Nuils, an Ironmonger's shop in Goswellstreet. It is not uncommon for landhouses, to hang out as signs_emlords or builders of inns and publicblems of their former trades. Thus in a new street, built a few years ago by a blacksmith retired from business, with a public-house in it of course, the Smith's Arms were dis played: and the Bricklayer's Arms, mill, and various other well-known Cooper's Arms, Axe, Woolpack, Windsigns, were apparently derived from

this source.

Still I do not think it very improbable, that the Bag o' Nails, instead of being a corruption, was a figure of rhetorick; the bag of nails, originally represented on the sign, being intended by the erudite landlord to been the case with more important be read Bacchanals: though, as has hieroglyphics, the signification was doomed to perish, while the figure remained. "Sic transit gloria pundi!" The practice was certainly familiar in the reign of Elizabeth, whose head figured conspicuously in this way: and I hope I shall do no injury to the King's Head, or other head taverns or inns, by observing, that they no doubt sprung from the classical parunomasia; though it may excite a horror for them in Mr. R. Trevelyan, and others, if any other such there be, who are troubled in a similar degree with the Punniphobia. S. N.

Mr: