self on a verandah; and it is a common experience to feel that the journey has ended too soon because one has not finished one's pile of books. But probably one would read hardly at all in the journey across Siberia. Here you can see at every wayside station, in every tract of territory, the method by which Russia hopes to carve or recarve her Imperial fortune in the East. This eastward march is a renunciation even while it is an aspiration; it is a renunciation of the wise old policy which planned a moderating, civilizing, and exclusive contact with Western Europe. Beyond Kharbin comes another change. The traveller can see Japan experimenting with her new manner and means of colonization. We fancy the forty The Spectator.

days' scheme would break down for a heavy percentage of travellers when it came to spending only one day in Japan.

From Yokohama you would go in a Canadian Pacific Railway liner to Vancouver, then to Quebec by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and so from Quebec to England. Such is the forty days' journey. The title of globe-trotter is scarcely applicable to this delirious gallop. Taken in the right spirit, it might have the uses we have attributed to it. For ourselves, we should probably choose a much shorter journey, and "specialize" in our acquisition for knowledge. Still, forty days is a good round number, easy to remember and distinctly epoch-marking, and we are glad to have heard of it.

The most recent report issued from the United States Bureau of Education at Washington gives detailed information respecting recent developments of the various grades of education in the States down to June 30, 1904, and in it the Commissioner of Education gives a prominent place to the work of universities and colleges. The statistics now provided make it possible to supplement the article published in these columns (vol. lxviii., p. 25) dealing with university education in the United States, and to give some indication of the progress which has been made in American institutions of higher education during recent years.

There has been, in the first place, a large increase in the number of students attending universities and colleges in the United States. Whereas in the year 1899-1900 the total number of men students was, roughly, 61,800, and of women students 25,300, the

numbers in 1903-4 had become, for men, nearly 72,000, and for Women nearly 31,000.

The number of professors and instructors has increased in a similar manner. In 1899-1900 the number of such teachers in institutions for men and for both sexes was 12,664 men and 1816 women; in 1903-4 these numbers had become 15,342 men and 2272 women. In institutions for women alone the increase is not so decided. The number of men teaching in these institutions was in the former year 697, and in 1903-4 only 631. The number of women, however, shows a marked increase from 1744 to 1834.

It is interesting and instructive, too, to study the rise and fall in the popularity of the various subjects taken up by students. At the two periods under comparison there were some remarkable differences. In 18991900 the number of students studying

classics and other subjects of general culture (as the report calls it) was roughly 57,000, but in 1903-4 the number had reached 65,000. In the earlier year the number of students in classes of pure or applied science was well on towards 26,000; in 1903-4 this number had increased to 32,000. The relative popularities of humanistic and practical studies may be said to have un. dergone little change at institutions of the rank under consideration. But in this connection it must be remembered that at the great technological institutions, which are not included in these statistics, large numbers of men are engaged entirely in studying branches of applied science.

The total value of property possessed by the institutions for higher education in the United States amounted in 1899-1900 to about 72,120,000l., and in 1903-4 this large sum had increased to 93,043,000l. The endowment funds in the former year were valued at 33,240,000l., while in the latter year this provision for future contingencies had grown to 41,313,000l.

The value of gifts and bequests received by institutions for higher education during 1899-1900 was 2,399,0001.; in 1903-4 the amount had increased to 2,740,000l.; and last year as much as 5,000,000l. was raised in

this way. Twenty-five institutions in the former year received from private donors gifts of as much as 20,000l.; and in 1903-4 as many as twenty-nine institutions were equally fortunate.

For the first of the years with which we are concerned in this comparison, the total income, excluding benefactions, amounted to 5,712,000l., of which about 2,234,000l. was received in the form of tuition and other fees. 1903-4 the total income had reached 8,066,0001. In connection with this sum, the Commissioner for Education remarks:-"It is a well-known fact

In

that the income derived from fees received from students forms only about one-third of the total income, the remainder necessary to meet the expenses of the institutions being derived from endowment funds, State aid, and miscellaneous sources."

In 1903-4 the State and municipal aid to higher education amounted to 1,984,600l., as compared with 893,0001. in 1899-1900.

It is thus seen that the striking disparity between public and private efforts in behalf of higher education in the United States and Great Britain, pointed out in the article to which reference has already been made, has, in the interval of four years with which we are here dealing, become more accentuated; and, instead of having made up leeway, we appear to have fallen even further behind.

The annual amount raised by private munificence for American universities and colleges has in a few years been doubled; and, as recent notes in these columns have shown, there is no sign of any decline in the generosity of the men of wealth in the States. The amount of money raised in this way in the United Kingdom during the period 1871-1901 was only one-eighth of that contributed in the United States in the same time; and if the present scale of American gifts be continued, the comparison at the end of 1931 will be such as to leave us at a still more hopeless disadvantage.

All the statistics here brought together tell the same story; alike as regards number of students, number of university teachers, total value of university property and total annual income, from whatever point of view looked at, there is evidence of a strong and healthy growth in the system of higher education in the United States; and, though it can by no means be suggested that similar work in this country has remained stagnant, the

chapters giving a picture of rural life sixty years ago.

The London Outlook is of the opinion that "in the two respects of screaming vulgarity of mind and what can only be called drunkenness of imagination, Mr. Lawson's 'Friday the 13th' is probably the most remarkable novel that was ever offered to the public above the level of those who read the Police News."

The Longmans are about to publish Mr. G. Macaulay Trevelyan's book on "Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic." It is a history of the political and military events in 1849 which caused the final breach between the Papacy and the Italian national aspirations, and raised Garibaldi to the zenith of his popularity. It contains a full account of the siege of Rome by the French, and of Garibaldi's retreat.

For young readers the latest group of books in Everyman's Library provides two delightful volumes: Mrs. Gatty's "Parables from Nature"; and "Fairy Gold," a book of old English fairy tales compiled from many sources in prose and verse by Ernest Rhys, who is the general editor of the series. Robin Goodfellow, Tom Thumb, Fortunatus, Chicken-Little and other old favorites are to be found here, in company with many others not so familiar but not less diverting.

In the preface to his new story, "Frank Brown, Sea Apprentice," Frank T. Bullen vouches for the accuracy of all the incidents, though the hero the fourteen-year-old son of an English counting-house clerk-is of course fictitious. The boy's apprenticeship begins on a barque bound for the South Sea Islands, his second voy

age takes him to Hong Kong, and his third to Calcutta. Besides an abundance of realistic detail relating to the routine of a sailor's life, there is a succession of stirring incidents, including a fire in the hold, an East Indian cyclone, a collision and the overhauling of a derelict. In spite of Mr. Bullen's well-known enthusiasm for the sea and his belief in its possibilities for the development of a robust and manly character, he describes the hardships of the life with candor and his book is a thoroughly wholesome one to put into a boy's hands. There is no question about the boy's enjoying it. E. P. Dutton & Co.

The "Three Phi Beta Kappa Addresses" which give the title and furnish most of the material for a small volume by Charles Francis Adams were given in the years 1883, 1902 and 1906; and the first and third of them,"A College Fetich" and "Some Modern College Tendencies" have a certain relation to each other in theme, though widely separated in time. The "fetich" dwelt upon in the first is an excessive devotion to the classics and especially to Greek. Concerning this it is to be remarked that Greek, at least, is not the fetich that it was. The modern college tendencies which Mr. Adams describes and criticises are the great increase in the number of students at the universities, and the extension of the elective system. Regarding these he speaks with force and candor. With these three addresses are included several shorter papers which are the fruit of Mr. Adams's long identification with the interests of Harvard, as student, alumnus and overseer, extending over a period of more than fifty years. Houghton, Mithlin & Co.