ADDITIONAL NOTE TO GUY MANNERING.

GALWEGIAN LOCALITIES AND PERSONAGES WHICH HAVE BEEN SUPPOSED TO BE ALLUDED TO IN THE NOVEL.

AN old English proverb says, that more know Tom Fool than Fem Fool knows; and the influence of the adage secms to exend to works composed under the influence of an idle or foolish anet. Many corresponding circumstances are detected by aders, of which the author did not suspect the existence. He st, however, regard it as a great compliment, that in detailincidents purely imaginary, he has been so fortunate in pproximating reality, as to remind his readers of actual occurences. It is therefore with pleasure he notices some Meces local history and tradition, which have been supposed to incide with the fictitious persons, incidents, and scenery of uy Mannering. The prototype of Dirk Hatteraick is considered as having en a Dutch skipper called Yawkins. This man was well hown on the coast of Galloway and Dumfries-shire, as sole roprietor and master of a Buckkar, or smuggling lugger, called le Black Prince. Being distinguished by his nautical skill and trepidity, his vessel was frequently freighted, and his own vices employed, by French, Dutch, Manx, and Scottish smugng companies. A person well known by the name of Buckkar-tea, from habeen a noted smuggler of that article, and also by that of le Bush, the place of his residence, assured my kind infort, Mr. Train, that he had frequently seen upwards of two andred Lingtow-men assemble at one time, and go off into the Menor of the country, fully laden with contraband goods. In those halcyon days of the free trade, the fixed price for ying a box of tea, or bale of tobacco, from the coast of Galway to Edinburgh, was fifteen shillings, and a man with two es carried four such packages. The trade was entirely deyed by Mr. Pitt's celebrated commutation law, which, by Mering the duties upon excisable articles, enabled the lawful Baler to compete with the smuggler. The statute was called (Galloway and Dumfries shire, by those who had thriven upon contraband trade, "the burning and starving act." Sure of such active assistance on shore, Yawkins demeaned tself so boldly, that his mere name was a terror to the offits of the revenue. He availed himself of the fears which his sence inspired on one particular night, when, happening to ashore with a considerable quantity of goods in his sole cusly, a strong party of excisemen came down on him. Far from anning the attack, Yawkins sprung forward, shouting, "Come my lads; Yawkins is before you." The revenue officers re intimidated, and relinquished their prize, though defended by the courage and address of a single man. On his proper ment, Yawkins was equally successful. On one occasion, he landing his cargo at the Manxman's lake, near Kirkcudight, when two revenue cutters (the Pigmy and the Dwarf) we sight at once on different tacks, the one coming round the Isles of Fleet, the other between the point of Rueberry and Muckle Ron. The dauntless free-trader instantly weighed ther, and bore down night between the luggers, so close that losed his hat on the deck of the one, and his wig on that the other, hoisted a cask to his maintop, to show his occuon, and bore away under an extraordinary pressure of canwithout receiving injury. To account for these and other breadth escapes, popular superstition alleged that Yawkins red hus celebrated Buckkar by compounding with the devil one-tenth of his crew every voyage. How they arranged eparation of the stock and tithes, is left to our conjecture. Buckkar was perhaps called the Black Prince in honour of formidable insurer.

said that this unusually long lease of existence was noted by
any peculiar excellence of conduct or habits of life. Willie had
been pressed or enlisted in the army seven times; and had de-
serted as often; besides three times running away from the
naval service. He had been seventeen times lawfully married;
and besides such a reasonably large share of matrimonial com-
forts, was, after his hundredth year, the avowed father of four
children, by less legitimate affections. He subsisted in his
extreme old age by a pension from the present Earl of Selkirk's
grandfather. Will Marshal is buried in Kirkcudbright Church,
where his monument is still shown, decorated with a scutcheon
suitably blazoned with two tups' horns and two cutty sooons.
In his youth he occasionally took an evening walk on the
highway, with the purpose of assisting travellers by relieving
them of the weight of their purses. On one occasion, the Caird
of Barullion robbed the Laird of Bargally, at a place between
Carsphair and Dalmellington. His purpose was not achieved
without a severe struggle, in which the Gipsy lost his bonnet,
and was obliged to escape, leaving it on the road. A respect-
able farmer happened to be the next passenger, and seeing the
bonnet, alighted, took it up, and rather imprudently put it on
his own head. At this instant, Bargally came up with some
assistants, and recognizing the bonnet, charged the farmer of
Bantoberick with having robbed him, and took him into cus-
tody. There being some likeness between the parties, Bargally
persisted in his charge, and though the respectability of the
farmer's character was proved or admitted, his trial before the
Circuit Court came on accordingly. The fatal bonnet lay on
the table of the court; Bargally swore that it was the identical
article worn by the man who robbed him; and he and others
likewise deponed that they had found the accused on the spot
where the crime was committed, with the bonnet on his head.
The case looked gloomily for the prisoner, and the opinion of
the judge seemed unfavourable. But there was a person in court
who knew well both who did, and who did not, commit the
crime. This was the Caird of Barullion, who, thrusting him-
self up to the bar, near the place where Bargally was standing,
suddenly seized on the bonnet, put it on his head, and looking
the Laird full in the face, asked him, with a voice which at
tracted the attention of the Court and crowded audience-
"Look at me, sir, and tell me, by the oath you have sworn-
Am not I the man who robbed you between Carsphairn and
Dalmellington ?" Bargally replied, in great astonishment, "By
Heaven! you are the very man."-"You see what sort of me.
mory this gentleman has," said the volunteer pleader: "he
swears to the bonnet, whatever features are under it. If you
yourself, my Lord, will put it on your head, he will be willing
to swear that your Lordship was the party who robbed him
between Carsphairn and Dalmellington." The tenant of Ban-
toberick was unanimously acquitted, and thus Willie Marshal
ingeniously contrived to save an innocent man from danger,
without incurring any himself, since Bargally's evidence must
have seemed to every one too fluctuating to be relied upon.
While the King of the Gipsies was thus laudably occupied,
his royal consort, Flora, contrived, it is said, to steal the hood
from the Judge's gown; for which offence, combined with her
presumptive guilt as a gipsy, she was banished to New England,,
whence she never returned.

Now, I cannot grant that the idea of Meg Merrilies was, in the first concoction of the character, derived from Flora Ma shal, seeing I have already said she was identified with Jean Gordon, and as I have not the Laird of Bargally's apology for

he Black Prince used to discharge her cargo at Luce, Bal-charging the same fact on two several individuals. Yet I am
y, and elsewhere on the coast; but her owner's favourite
ling places were at the entrance of the Dee and the Cree,
the old Castle of Rueberry, about six miles below Kirk-
night. There is a cave of large dimensions in the vicinity
leberry, which, from its being frequently used by Yawkins,
his supposed connexion with the smugglers on the shore,
called Dirk Hatteraick's cave. Strangers who visit this
the scenery of which is highly romantic, are also shown,
the name of the Gauger's Loup, a tremendous precipice,
the same, it is asserted, from which Kennedy was pre-

quite content that Meg should be considered as a representative
of her sect and class in general-Flora, as well as others.
The other instances in which my Gallovidian readers have
obliged me, by assigning to

bated.

Merrilies is in Galloway considered as having had her In in the traditions concerning the celebrated Flora Marshal, of the royal consorts of Willie Marshal, more commonly ed the Caird of Barullion, King of the Gipsies of the WestLowlands, That potentate was himself deserving of nofrom the following peculiarities. He was born in the sh of Kirkmichael, about the year 1671; and as he died at Loudbright, 23d November, 1792, he must then have been in one hundred and twentieth year of his age. It cannot be

Airy nothing

A local habitation and a name, shall also be sanctioned so far as the Author may be entitled to do so. I think the facetious Joe Miller records a case pretty much in point; where the keeper of a Museum, while showing as he said, the very sword with which Balaam was about to kill his ass, was interrupted by one of the visiters, who reminded him that Balaam was not possessed of a sword, but only wished for one. "True, sir," replied the ready-witted Cicerone; "but this is the very sword he wished for." The Author, in application of this story, has only to add, that though ignorant of the coincidence between the fictions of the tale and some real circumstances, he is contented to believe he must unconsciously have thought or dreamed of the last, while engaged in the composition of Guy Mannering.

23*

THE

ANTIQUARY.

I knew Anselmo. He was shrewd and prudent,
Wisdom and cunning had their shares of him;
But he was shrewish as a wayward child,
And pleased again by toys which childhood please;
As-book of fables graced with print of wood,
Or else the jingling of a rusty medal,

Or the rare melody of some old ditty,

That first was sung to please King Pepin's cradle.

ADVERTISEMENT TO THE ANTIQUARY.

THE present Work completes a series of fictitious narratives, intended to illustrate the manners of Scotland at three different periods. WAVERLEY embraced the age of our fathers, GUY MANNERING that of our own youth, and the ANTIQUARY refers to the last ten years of the eighteenth century. I have, in the two last narratives especially, sought my principal personages in the class of society who are the last to feel the influence of that general polish which assimilates to each other the manners of different nations. Among the same class I have placed some of the scenes, in which I have endeavoured to illustrate the ope ration of the higher and more violent passions; both because the lower orders are less restrained by the habit of suppressing their feelings, and because I agree with my friend Wordsworth, that they seldom fail to express them in the strongest and most powerful language. This is, I think, peculiarly the case with the peasantry of my own country, a class with whom I have long been familiar. The antique force and simplicity of their language, often tinetured with the Oriental eloquence of Scripture, in the mouths of those of an elevated understanding, give pathos to their grief, and dignity to their resentment. I have been more solicitous to describe manners minutely, than to arrange in any case an artificial and combined narrative, and have but to regret that I felt myself unable to unite these two requisites of a good Novel.

The knavery of the Adept in the following sheets may appear forced and improbable; but we have had very late instances of the force of superstitious credulity to a much greater extent, and the reader may be assured, that this part of the narrative is founded on a fact of actual occurrence.

I have now only to express my gratitude to the public, for the distinguished reception which they have given to works, that have little more than some truth of colouring to recommend them, and to take my respectful leave, as one who is not likely again to solicit their favour.

To the above advertisement, which was prefixed to the first edition of the Antiquary, it is necessary in the present edition to add a few words, transferred from the Introduction to the Chronicles of the Canongate, respecting the character of Jonathan Oldbuck.

bards, and proceeds :-"They are called by others, and by them · selves, Jockies, who go about begging; and use still to recite the Sloggome (gathering-words or war-cries) of most of the true ancient surnames of Scotland, from old experience and observation. Some of them I have discoursed, and found to have reason and discretion. One of them told me there were not now above twelve of them in the whole isle; but he remembered when they abounded, so as at one time he was one of five that usually met at St. Andrews."

The race of Jockies of the above description) has, I suppose, been long extinct in Scotland; but the old remembered beggar, even in my own time, like the Baccoch, or travelling cripple of Ireland, was expected to merit his quarters by something beyond an exposition of his distresses. He was often a talkative, facetious fellow, prompt at repartee, and not withheld from exercising his powers that way by any respect of persons, his patched cloak giving him the privilege of the ancient jester. To be a gude crack, that is, to possess talents for conversation, was essential to the trade of a "puir body" of the more esteemed class; and Burns, who delighted in the amusement their discourse af forded, seems to have looked forward with gloomy firmness to the possibility of himself becoming one day or other a member of their itinerant society. In his poetical works, it is alluded to so often, as perhaps to indicate that he considered the consummation as not utterly impossible. Thus, in the fine dedication of his works to Gavin Hamilton, he says,

"And when I downa yoke a naig,.
Then, Lord be thankit, I can beg."

Again, in his Epistle to Davie, a brother Poet, he states, that in
their closing career-
"The last o't, the warst o't,
Is only just to beg."

And after having remarked, that

"To lie in kilns and berns at e'en,

When banes are crazed, and blude is thin,

Is doubtless great distress;"

the bard reckons up, with true poetical spirit, the free enjoyment of the beauties of nature, which might counterbalance the hardship and uncertainty of the life even of a mendicant. In one of his prose letters, to which I have lost the reference, he details this idea yet more seriously, and dweils upon it, as not ill adapt ed to his habits and powers.

As the life of a Scottish mendicant of the eighteenth century, seems to have been contemplated without much horror by Robert Barns, the author can hardly have erred in giving to Edie Ochiltree something of poetical character and personal dignity, above the more abject of his miserable calling. The class had, in fact, some privileges. A lodging, such as it was, was readily granted to them in some of the out-houses, and the usual awmous (alms) of a handful of meal (called a gopen) was scarce denied by the poorest coftager. The mendicant disposed these, according to their different quality, in various bags around his persustenance, which he literally received for the asking. At the houses of the gentry, his cheer was mended by scraps of broken meat, and perhaps a Scottish "twalpenny," or English penny, which was expended in snuff or whiskey. In fact, these indolent peripatetics suffered much less real hardship and want of food, than the poor peasants from whom they received alms.

"I may here state generally, that although I have deemed historical personages free subjects of delineation, I have never on any occasion violated the respect due to private life. It was indeed impossible that traits proper to persons, both living and dead, with whom I have had intercourse in society, should not lave risen to my pen i such works as Waverley, and those which followed it. But I have always studied to generalize the portraits, so that they should still seem, on the whole, the pro ductions of fancy, though possessing some resemblance to real individuals. Yet I must own my attempts have not in this last particular been uniformly successful. There are men whose characters are so peculiarly marked, that the delineation of some kading and principal feature, inevitably places the whole person before you in his individuality. Thus, the character of Jona-son, and thus carried about with him the principal part of his than Oldbuck, in the Antiquary, was partly founded on that of an old friend of my youth, to whom I am indebted for introducing te to Shakspeare, and other invaluable favours; but I thought I had so completely disguised the likeness, that it could not be recognised by any one now alive. I was mistaken, however, and indeed had endangered what I desired should be considered as a secret; for I afterwards learned that a highly respectable gentleman, one of the few surviving friends of my father, and an acute critic, had said, upon the appearance of the work, that he was now convinced who was the author of it, as he recognised, in the Antiquary, traces of the character of a very intimate friend of my father's family."

I have only further to request the reader not to suppose that my late respected friend resembled Mr. Oldbuch, either in his pedigree, or the history imputed to the ideal personage. There is not a single incident in the Novel which is borrowed from his mal circumstances, excepting the fact that he resided in an old house near a flourishing seaport, and that the author chanced to witness a scene betwixt him and the female proprietor of a stagecoach, very similar to that which commences the history of the Antiquary. An excellent temper, with a slight degree of subaeid humour; learning, wit, and drollery, the more poignant that they were a little marked by the peculiarities of an old bachelor; soundness of thought, rendered more forcible by an occasional quaintness of expression, were, the author conceives, the only qualities in which the creature of his imagination resembled his benevolent and excellent old friend.

The prominent part performed by the Beggar in the following narrative, induces the author to prefix a few remarks on that character, as it formerly existed in Scotland, though it is now scarcely to be traced.

Many of the old Scottish mendicants were by no means to be confounded with the utterly degraded class of beings who now practise that wandering trade. Such of them as were in the habit of travelling through a particular district, were usually well received both in the farmer's ha', and in the kitchens of the country gentlemen. Martin, author of the Reliquia Divi Sancti Andree, written in 1683, gives the following account of one class of this order of men in the seventeenth century, in terms which would induce an antiquary like Mr. Oldbuck to regret its extinction. He conceives them to be descended from the ancient VOL. II 21

If, in addition to his personal qualifications, the mendicant chanced to be a King's Bedesinan, or Blue-Gown, he belonged, in virtue thereof, to the aristocracy of his order, and was esteemed a person of great importance.

These Bedesmen are an order of paupers to whom the King of Scotland were in the custom of distributing a certain alms, in conformity with the ordinances of the Catholic Church, and who were expected in return to pray for the royal welfare and that of the state. This order is still kept up. Their number is equal to the number of years which his majesty has lived; and one SueGown additional is put on the roll for every returning roi birthday. On the same auspicious era, each Bedesman rectives a new cloak, or gown of coarse cloth, the colour light olue, with a pewter badge, which confers on them he general privilege of asking alms through all Scotland, all laws against sorning, masterful beggary, and every other species of mendicity, being suspended in favour of this privileged class. With his cloak, cach receives a leathern purse, containing as many shillings Scots (videlicet, pennies sterling) as the sovereign is years old; the zeal of their intercession for the king's long life receiving, it is to be supposed, a great stimulus from their own present and increasing interest in the object of their prayers. On the same occasion one of the Royal Chaplains preaches a sermon to the Bedesmen, who (as one of the reverend gentlemen expressed himself) are the most impatient and inattentive audience in the world. Something of this may arise from a feeling on the part of the Bedesmen, that they are paid for their own devotions, not for listening to those of others. Or, more probably, it arises from impatience, natural, though indecorous in men bearing so venerable a character, to arrive at the conclusion of the ceremo nial of the royal birth-day, which, so far as they are concerned, ends in a lusty breakfast of bread and ale; the whole moral and religious exhibition terminating in the advice of Johnson's "Hermit hoar" to his proselyte,

"Come, my lad, and drink some beer."