Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food SystemsProviding the theoretical and conceptual framework for this continually evolving field, Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Second Edition explores environmental factors and complexities affecting agricultural crops and animals. Completely revised, updated, and reworked, the second edition contains new data, new readings, new issues and case studies, and new options. It includes two completely new chapters, one on the role of livestock animals in agroecosystems and one on the cultural and community aspects of sustainable food systems. The author clearly delineates the importance of using an ecosystem framework for determining if a particular agricultural practice, input, or management decision contributes or detracts from sustainability. He explains how the framework provides the ecological basis for the functioning of the chosen management strategy over the long-term. He also examines system level interactions, stressing the need for understanding the emergent qualities of populations, communities, and ecosystems and their roles in sustainable agriculture. Using examples of farming systems in a broad array of ecological conditions, the book demonstrates how to use an ecosystem approach to design and manage agroecosystems for sustainability. |
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Contents
Species Interactions in Crop Communities | 205 |
Agroecosystem Diversity and Stability | 217 |
Disturbance Succession and Agroecosystem Management | 237 |
The Energetics of Agroecosystems | 255 |
Animals in Agroecosystems | 269 |
The Transition to Sustainability | 287 |
Converting to Ecologically Based Management | 289 |
Indicators of Sustainability | 299 |
| 99 | |
Water in the Soil | 115 |
Fire | 131 |
Biotic Factors | 147 |
The Environmental Complex | 163 |
SystemLevel Interactions | 169 |
The Population Ecology of Agroecosystems | 171 |
Genetic Resources in Agroecosystems | 183 |
Landscape Diversity and Agroecosystem Management | 313 |
Culture Community and Sustainability | 327 |
A From Sustainable Agroecosystems to Sustainable Food Systems | 341 |
References | 357 |
Glossary | 369 |
Index | 375 |
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Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Second Edition Stephen R. Gliessman Limited preview - 2006 |
Common terms and phrases
adapted agroecology agroecosystems agroforestry allelopathic allow animals areas atmosphere biodiversity biological biomass breeding carbon Chapter chemical climate complex components consumers conventional corn cover crop create crop plants cropping systems cultivation cultural energy cycle dependent disturbance ecological economic ecosys ecosystem services effects energy inputs environment environmental erosion example factors farmers farming systems fertilizer field Figure fire food production food system function genetic diversity Gliessman global grazing growth habitat harvest herbivores human impacts important increase integrated interactions intercrop interference irrigation K-selection land legume light livestock manure moisture monoculture mulch natural ecosystems niche nitrogen noncrop nutrients occur perennial pest pesticides phosphorus photosynthesis polyculture population potential practices r-strategists rainfall reduced regions role roots season seed social soil organic matter soil surface species structure successional sustainable agriculture Tabasco temperature tion trees tropical types variety vegetation weeds wind windbreak yield
Popular passages
Page 61 - ... surface. The amount of insolation reaching any place during any one day depends on the Solar Constant, the area of the surface and its inclination to the sun's rays, the transparency of the atmosphere, and the position of the earth in its orbit. This amount varies throughout the day with the changes in the angle of incidence of the sun's rays; and the length of time that the sun remains above the horizon is a determining factor. At the Equinoxes, that time is twelve hours per day everywhere on...
Page 29 - ... system. In a mature ecosystem, these small losses are replaced by local inputs, maintaining a nutrient balance. Biomass productivity in natural ecosystems is linked very closely to the annual rates at which nutrients are able to be recycled. In an agroecosystem, recycling of nutrients can be minimal, and considerable quantities are lost from the system with the harvest or as a result of leaching or erosion due to a great reduction in permanent biomass levels held within the system (Tivy, 1990)....
Page 161 - Phytochemical Ecology: Allelochemicals, Mycotoxins and Insect Pheromones and Allomones. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica Monograph Series No. 9, Taipei, ROC, pp.
Page 73 - The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vapor the air can hold at that particular temperature and pressure.
Page 102 - Granule gravel Very coarse sand Coarse sand Medium sand Fine sand Very fine sand Silt...
Page 23 - ... contributing to sustainability unless the longer-term, more complex impacts of the entire agricultural system are included in the evaluation. The agricultural system is an important component of the larger food system (Francis et al, 2003). A primary foundation of agroecology is the concept of the ecosystem, defined as a functional system of complementary relations between living organisms and their environment, delimited by arbitrarily chosen boundaries, which in space and time appears to maintain...
Page 341 - I take care of my pool can have 'downstream effects' in the stream below. Soil erosion and groundwater depletion can negatively affect other farms than my own. Inappropriate or inefficient use of pesticides and fertilizers can contaminate the water and air, as well as leave potentially harmful residues on the food that my family and others will consume. How well I do on my farm is reflected in the viability of rural farm economies, our local community, and society broadly. Key indicators are the...
Page 182 - DER. 1972. Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

