Water Pollution Biology, Second EditionPresents an examination of the scale of water pollution problems, and, through case studies, explores the type of investigations biologists need to undertake in solving them. The text draws comparisons between British and European practice, |
Contents
Water Pollution Problems and Solutions | 1 |
11 The Scale of Water Pollution | 2 |
12 Metalliferous Rivers | 4 |
121 The Rivers East and West Allen | 8 |
122 Physical and Chemical Survey | 10 |
123 Biological Survey | 12 |
124 Zinc Toxicity | 14 |
125 Some Further Questions | 17 |
44 Sublethal Toxicity | 145 |
441 Singlespecies Toxicity Tests | 146 |
442 Experimental Ecosystems | 153 |
443 Bioaccumulation | 156 |
45 Evaluating Toxicological Data | 159 |
46 Quantitative StructureActivity Relationships QSARs | 161 |
Water Pollution and Public Health | 165 |
51 Water Pollution and Pathogens | 166 |
13 Toxicity and the Status of Fisheries | 20 |
Sources and Effects of Water Pollutants | 29 |
22 The Environmental Requirements of Aquatic Organisms | 32 |
23 Organic Pollution | 35 |
24 Nutrient Pollution | 41 |
25 Eutrophication | 42 |
26 Thermal Pollution | 45 |
27 Toxic Pollution | 52 |
271 Heavy Metals | 53 |
272 Ammonia Cyanides and Phenols | 55 |
273 Pesticides | 56 |
28 Suspended Solids | 57 |
29 Extreme pH and Acidification | 59 |
210 Detergents | 63 |
211 Oil and Petroleum Products | 65 |
Biological Monitoring of Water Quality | 67 |
32 Indicator Organisms | 71 |
33 Sampling Methods | 73 |
331 Evaluating Sampling Techniques | 80 |
34 Data Analysis and Interpretation | 83 |
341 Pollution Indices | 85 |
342 Diversity Indices | 87 |
343 Biotic Indices | 90 |
344 Similarity Indices | 95 |
345 Other Multivariate Techniques | 104 |
346 RIVPACS | 105 |
347 Some General Comments about Data Analysis and Interpretation | 109 |
The Toxicity of Pollutants to Aquatic Organisms | 113 |
41 Lethal Toxicity and its Measurement | 115 |
412 Data Collection and Analysis | 116 |
413 Probit Lines | 119 |
414 Toxicity Curves | 122 |
415 Alternative Methods for Measuring Lethal Toxicity | 127 |
42 Factors Influencing Toxicity | 128 |
422 The Effects of Environmental Conditions | 130 |
423 Combinations of Poisons | 134 |
424 Fluctuating Concentrations | 138 |
425 Biotic Factors Influencing Toxicity | 139 |
426 Intraspecific Variation | 141 |
43 Applications of Lethal Toxicity Measurements | 142 |
512 Viral Pathogens | 170 |
513 Parasitic Infections | 172 |
514 Pathogens in the Aquatic Environment and in Waste Water Treatment Processes | 175 |
52 Monitoring Pathogens in Water | 176 |
521 Monitoring for Coliforms | 177 |
522 Monitoring for Viruses | 180 |
523 Monitoring for Parasites | 181 |
53 Water Pollution and Water Supply | 182 |
532 Agricultural Water Supply | 183 |
533 Industrial Water Supply | 184 |
Water Pollution Control | 187 |
61 Biological Treatment of Waste Water | 188 |
611 Primary Treatment | 189 |
612 Secondary Treatment | 190 |
613 Tertiary Treatment | 195 |
614 Sludge Disposal | 196 |
615 Biological Treatment of Industrial Waste Water | 198 |
62 The Legislative and Administrative Framework of Water Pollution Control | 199 |
621 The Polluter Pays Principle | 201 |
622 Receiving Water Quality Standards | 203 |
623 Emission Standards | 207 |
624 Water Quality Objectives | 209 |
63 Water Pollution Law in Practice | 214 |
631 Water Pollution Law in Britain | 216 |
632 European Water Pollution Law | 218 |
633 Water Pollution Law in the USA | 221 |
Estuarine and Marine Pollution | 225 |
71 Pollution of Estuaries | 226 |
72 Pollution of the Seas | 230 |
721 Oil Pollution | 231 |
722 Sewage and Domestic Wastes | 234 |
723 Toxic Pollutants | 236 |
73 Marine Biological Monitoring | 241 |
732 Sampling Methodology | 245 |
733 Data Analysis | 247 |
74 International Cooperation on Marine Pollution | 248 |
References | 255 |
| 279 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance acid ammonia analysis animals areas bacteria bioaccumulation biological monitoring Biotic BMWP chemical Chironomid coliforms contain cycle detergent discharge dissolved oxygen East Allen ecological ecosystems effluent environment environmental conditions Ephemeroptera estuary eutrophication example fauna Figure fish Gammarus pulex habitats heavy metals Hellawell hypolimnion important increased industrial infection influence invertebrate investigation lakes LC50 values lethal threshold concentration lethal toxicity levels limited marine measured methods number of species nutrients occur oligochaetes organic matter particularly pathogens phenol physical plant Plecoptera poisons polluted waters pollution control population potential practice present probit problems QSAR range receiving water relatively River East Allen rivers sampling score sewage significant similar sludge sources studies sublethal toxicity survey techniques temperature toxic effect toxic units toxicity curve toxicity tests toxicological treatment processes Trichoptera typical unpolluted waste water pollution water quality standards West Allen widely zinc
Popular passages
Page 258 - Dalton, RA (1970). The acute lethal toxicity to rainbow trout of mixtures of copper, phenol, zinc, and nickel.
Page 284 - Protocol Concerning Regional Co-operation in Combating Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency 0978).
Page 275 - GRANMO, A. (1971) Biological effects of surface active agents on marine animals.
Page 257 - WJ (1985). Heavy metal tolerance and metallothionein induction in fathead minnows: Results from field and laboratory investigations.
Page 268 - A Method for Rapid Graphic Solution of Time-per Cent. Effect Curves.
Page 265 - HERBERT DWM and WAKEFORD AC (1964). The susceptibility of salmonid fish to poisons under estuarine conditions. I. Zinc sulphate. Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut.