like appearance, said 'What's your name?" He replied, 'My name is Bull, Sir.' 'Bull,' said the governor, 'it is a pity that your horns are not tipped with silver.' Finding that he could make no impression upon the officers or people, and that the legislature of the colony were determined to defend themselves, in the possession of their chartered rights, he gave up his design of seizing the fort. He represented the protest as a slender affair, and an ill requital of his kindness. He said, however, he should do no more. The militia of the town guarded him to his boat, and going on board he soon sailed for Long Island.

"The general assembly considered this as a great abuse and insult to the colony, and, upon receiving an account of the major's conduct, came to the following resolution:

"This court orders, that this declaration shall forthwith be sent forth to the several plantations, sealed with the seal of the colony, and signed by the secretary, to be there published.

"Forasmuch as the good people of his majesty's colony of Connecticut have met with much trouble and molestation from Maj. Edmund Andross his challenge and attempts to surprise the main part of said colony, which they have so rightfully obtained, so long possessed, and defended against all invasions of Dutch and Indians, to the great grievance of his majesty's good subjects in their settlements, and to despoil the happy government, by charter from his majesty granted to themselves, and under which they have enjoyed many halcyon days of peace and tranquillity,

Hereupon, for the prevention of misrepresentations into England, by the said Maj. Andross against us, for our refusal, and withstanding his attempts, made with hostile appearances to surprise us at Saybrook, while we were approaching towards a savage Indian enemy that had committed much outrage and murder, by fire and sword, upon our neighbours about Plimouth; this court have desired the honorable John Winthrop and James Richards, Esquires, or either of them, (intending a voyage to England upon their own occasions,) to take with them the narrative and copies of all the transactions betwixt us, and to give a right understanding for clearing our innocence, and better securing our enjoyments as occasion shall offer."-Trumbull's History of Conn.

Andross

[Fac simile of Andross' signature.]

Andross, the Tyrant of New England.-" In the year 1684, it was decided in the high Court of Chancery, that Massachusetts had forfeited her charter, and that henceforth her government should be placed in the hands of the King. This event was brought about chiefly by the instrumentality of Edmund Andross. This man had been sent over as a kind of spy on the colonies; he made it his business to collect charges against the colonies, and return to England and excite the jealousy of the British government. In this manner, the way was prepared for annulling the colonial charters. In December, 1686, Andross arrived at Boston, being commissioned by King James, as Governor General, and

Vice Admiral over New England, New York, and the Jersies. Like all tyrants, Sir Edmund began his administration with professions of high regard for the public welfare. In a few months, however, the prospect was changed. The press was restrained, liberty of conscience infringed, and exhorbitant taxes were levied. The charters being vacated, it was pretended all titles to land were destroyed; farmers, therefore, who had cultivated their soil for half a century, were obliged to take new patents, giving large fees, or writs of intrusion were brought, and their lands sold to others. To prevent petitions or consultations, town meetings were prohibited, excepting once in a year for the choice of town. officers. Lest cries of oppression should reach the throne, he forbade any to leave the country without permission from the government.

In 1689, King James having abdicated the throne, William, Prince of Orange, and Mary, daughter of James, were proclaimed in February. A report of the landing of William in England, reached Boston, but before the news of the entire revolution in the British government arrived, a most daring one was effected in New England.

The Colonists had borne the impositions of Andross' government about three years. Their patience was now exhaused."

"A rumor, that a massacre was intended in Boston by the Governor's Guards, was sufficient to kindle their resentment into rage. On the morning of the 18th of April the town was in arms, and the people poured in from the country to the assistance of the capital. Andross and his associates, about fifty in number, were seized and confined. The old magistrates were restored, and the next month the joyful news of the revolution in England reached this country, and quieted all apprehension of the consequences of what had been done. After having been kept at the castle till February following, Andross was sent to England for trial.

Preservation of the Connecticut Charter.-Sir Edmund Andross, soon after his arrival at Boston in 1686, wrote to the colony of Connecticut to resign their charter, but without success. "The

This rumor might have been the more easily credited, on account of the military orders given out on the reception of a copy of the Prince of Orange's Declaration. "A proclamation was issued, charging all officers and people to be in readiness to hinder the landing of any forces which the Prince of Orange might send into those parts of the world."

Captain George, of the Rose frigate, was first seized and imprisoned; and, some hours after, Sir Edmund Andross was taken in his fort. No less than 1500 men surrounded the fort on Fort Hill, which surrendered. The next day, the governor was confined in the fort under strong guards. On that day also, the castle, on Castle Island, was summoned, and surrendered. Chalmers, i. 469, 470. Captain George was obliged to give leave to go on board his ship, and bring the sails on shore. The troops, which collected around Fort Hill, pointed the guns of the South battery toward the fort on the summit, and thus brought the governor's garrison to submission.— Holmes' Annals.

Assembly," says Dr. Trumbull, "met as usual, in October, and the government continued according to charter, until the last of the month. About this time, Sir Edmund with his suite, and more than sixty regular troops, came to Hartford when the assembly were sitting, and demanded the charter, and declared the government under it to be dissolved. The assembly were extremely reluctant and slow with respect to any resolve to surrender the charter, or with respect to any motion to bring it forth. The tradition is, that Governor Treat strongly represented the great expense and hardships of the colonists in planting the country; the blood and treasure which they had expended in defending it, both against the savages and foreigners; to what hardships and dangers he himself had been exposed for that purpose; and that it was like giving up his life, now to surrender the patent and privileges so dearly bought and so long enjoyed. The important affair was debated and kept in suspense until the evening, when the charter was brought and laid upon the table where the assembly were sitting. By this time great numbers of people were assembled, and men sufficiently bold to enterprise whatever might be necessary or expedient. The lights were instantly extinguished, and one Captain Wadsworth, of Hartford, in the most silent and secret manner carried off the charter, and secreted it in a large hollow tree, fronting the house of Hon. Samuel Wyllis, then one of the magistrates of the colony. The people appeared all peaceable and orderly. The candles were officiously relighted, but the patent was gone, and no discovery could be made of it, or the person who carried it away. Sir Edmund assumed the government, and the records of the colony were closed in the following words:

'At a General Court at Hartford, Oct. 31st, 1687, his excellency Sir Edmund Andross, knight, and captain general and governor of his Majesty's territories and dominions in New England, by order of his Majesty James II. King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, the 31st of October, 1687, took into his hands the government of the Colony of Connecticut, it being by his Majesty annexed to Massachusetts, and other Colonies under his Excellency's government. FINIS.'"

The Regicides.-Soon after the restoration of monarchy in England, many of the Judges who had condemned King Charles I. to death were apprehended. Thirty were condemned, and ten were executed as traitors; two of them, Colonels Goffe and Whalley, made their escape to New-England, and arrived at Boston, July 1660. They were gentlemen of worth, and were much esteemed by the colonists for their unfeigned piety. Their manners and appearance were dignified, commanding universal respect.

Whalley had been a Lieutenant General, and Goffe, a Major General in Cromwell's army. An order for their apprehension, from Charles II. reached New-England soon after their arrival. The King's commissioners, eager to execute this order, compelled the Judges to resort to the woods and caves, and other hiding places; and they would undoubtedly have been taken had not the colonists secretly aided and assisted them in their concealments. Sometimes they found a refuge in a cave on a mountain near NewHaven, and at others in cellars of the houses of their friends, and once they were secreted under the Neck bridge in New-Haven while their pursuers crossed the bridge on horseback.

Judges' Cave, near New Haven, Con.

While in New-Haven they owed their lives to the intrepidity of Mr. Davenport, the minister of the place, who when the pursuers arrived, preached to the people from this text, Take council, execute judgment, make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noon day, hide the outcasts, betray not him that wandereth. Let my outcasts dwell with thee Moab, be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler. Large rewards were offered for their apprehension, or for any information which might lead to it. Mr. Davenport was threatened, for it was known that he had harbored them. Upon hearing that he was in danger they offered to deliver themselves up, and actually gave notice to the deputy governor, of the place of their concealment; but Davenport had not preached in vain, and the magistrate took no other notice than to advise them not to betray themselves."

"On the 13th of October, 1664, they left New Haven, and arrived at Hadley the latter part of the same month. During their abode at Hadley the famous Indian war, called "King Philip's War," took place. The pious congregation of Hadley were ob

serving a Fast on the occasion of this war; and being at public worship in the meeting house, Sept. 1st, 1675, were suddenly surrounded by a body of Indians. It was customary in the frontier towns, and even at New Haven, in these Indian wars, for a select number of the congregation to go armed to public worship. It was so at Hadley at this time. The people immediately took to their arms, but were thrown into great confusion. Had Hadley been taken, the discovery of the Judges would have been unavoidable. Suddenly, and in the midst of the people there appeared a man of very venerable aspect, and different from the inhabitants in his apparel, who took the command, arranged and ordered them in the best military manner. Under his direction, they repelled and routed the enemy, and thereby saved the town. He immediately vanished, and the inhabitants could account for the phenomenon in no other way, but by considering that person as an angel sent of God upon that special occasion for their deliverance; and for some time after, said and believed, that they had been saved by an angel. Nor did they know otherwise, till fifteen or twenty years after, when at length it became known at Hadley that the two Judges had been secreted there. The angel was Goffe, for Whalley was superannuated in 1675. The last account of Goffe is from a letter dated Ebenezer, (the name they gave their several places of abode,) April 2, 1669.' Whalley had been dead some time before. The tradition at Hadley is, that they were buried in the minister's cellar, and it is generally