Seioptera vibrans, Kirby, T. 362; ex-
periment on, 362

Selandria Alni, Steph., T. 217
Sembling successful and unsuccessful,
M. 216

Semblis viridis, T. 402.

Semblis bilineata, T. 403.
Senses of insects, M. 1.

Sentinel ants, M.298
Sentinel wasps, M. 307
Setting of insects, M. 376

Sexes, distinctive marks of, M. 210
Sick ants ill treated, M. 305

Silk, history of the introduction of, A.

818.

Silk-tube, side view of, A. 310, fig.;

section of, magnified, 810, fig.
Silk-worm, progressive increase of the,
T. 167; growth of the, compared with
that of birds, 168; increase of the
weight of the, within thirty days,
197; Malpighi's account of the trans-
formations of the, 339, A. 313; trans-
formations of, 314; the parts of the
cocoons of, which are used in our
manufactures, 317; varieties and
species of, 320; Count Dandolo's ex-
periments on, T. 167
Silpha Lapponica, M. 153
Silphide, M. 53

Slave making ants, M. 342

Sleep of the senses not equally pro-
found, T. 406

Slug-worm of North America, T. 217
Smell in insects, M. 44; the males
guided by, 215

Smerinthus populi, T. 71

Snapdragon, with bees entering the
flowers, M. 49, figs.

Social leaf-mining caterpillars, A.208
Social spinning caterpillars, A. 329
Sociality of insects, causes of, M. 208
Social wasps, A. 71; nest of, founded
by a single female, 71; nest of, com-
pared to that of the burrowing-owl,
72; nest, materials of, 74; nests,
structure of, 76, fig.; nest, suspen-
sion rod of, 77, fig.; outer crust of,
77, fig. nest, extraordinary number
of cells in a, 78

Soldiers, duties of, among termites,
M. 331

Solitary bee (Halictus), proceedings of,
T. 53

Solitary wasp, (Cerceris), stratagems of,

T. 54

Sounds of insects not from the mouth,
M. 87; imperceptible to certain ears,
102

Specific gravity of insect-eggs, T. 15
Specimens, arrangement of, M. 379
Sphærobulus, plants of, showing the
projection of the seeds, T. 26, fig.
Sphingide, Leach, T. 71, 185, 360
Sphinx Ligustri, T. 125, fig.; 185;
pupa of, 300, fig.

Spider, raft building, A. 363; diving
water, 365; proceedings of a, in a
steam-boat, 368-

Spiders not properly insects, A. 335;
apparatus for spinning, 335; struc-
tures of, 335; suspended by a thread
from the spinneret, 336, fig.; extraor-
dinary number of spinnerules in, 337,
fig.; thread of, magnified, 338, fig.;
shooting of the lines of, 339; mode
of attaching the ends of their threads,
339, fig.; gossamer, account of the
ascent of, 346; nests, webs, and nets

of, 354; satin, nest of, 354; geome-
tric net of, 359, fig.; nest, hinged
door of a, 362; nest from the West
Indies, with a spring hinge, 362;
cleanliness of, 366; claws, structure
of, 367, fig.; putting their webs, fan-
ciful account of, 368; singularities of,
T. 79; nests, curious, 91, fig.; and
caterpillars, methods of ascending
their threads, 186, fig.; mode of comb-
ing themselves, 358; walking on
water, 382; springing of, upon their
prey, 394; flying without wings, 397;
legs of, M. 4; alleged to be blind,
119; various arrangements of the
eyes of, 127, 128, figs.; dissociality
of, 207; emigration of young, 291
Spider-flies, T. 117, fig

Spinneret of spiders an organ of touch,
M. 6

Spinning caterpillars, A. 306, 322;
structure of the legs and feet of, 307;
internal structure of, 309
Spontaneous generation, theory of, T.

10

Sportive movements not necessarily
social, T. 367

Spring-tail, leaping position of, T. 394,
fig.

Stag beetle, M. 10, fig.: jaws of the,
145; male and female, 211, fig.
Staphylinide, A. 240; T. 231; M. 53
Stauropus Fagi, Germar., T. 153, fig.
Stemmata, or coronet eyes, M. 127
Stephens's breeding cage, M. 363;
classification, M. 393

Stethoscope compared to antennæ, M.

117

Sting of the bee described, M. 325, fig.
Stomach of the caterpillar, remarkable

change in the capacity of the, T. 198
Stomoxys calcitrons, M. 202
Stomoxyda, Meigen, M. 202
Stone-mason caterpillars, A. 227; sin-
gular proceedings of, 228; colony of,
at Blackheath, 229; foundation of
the tents of, 231.

Stratiomys chameleon, Meigen, T. 156,
157, fig. 292.

Strawberry mite, rapid galloping of
the, T. 386.

Strength of insects, misstatements re-
specting, T. 185.

Structure of birds to contain air, T.

383.

Sturnus vulgaris, T.34.

Stylops Melitta, T. 67, fig.

Suckers in insects, structure of the, M.
178

Sucker of the gnat, M. 195, fig.
Suckers of some insects adapted to
flowers, M. 51

Sucking insects, M. 176
Suctoria, De Geer, M. 189

Sugar-ants of the West Indies, A. 286.
Summer-fly, circular movements of a,
T. 366.

Suspending chrysalides, mechanism of,
T. 272.
Suspensory cincture of caterpillars,
method of forming it by the swallow-
tail, T. 281.

Swainson, singular mistake of, M. 183
Swallow-tailed butterfly, caterpillar of,
weaving its suspensory cincture, T.
281, figs.; Kirby's account of the ex-
pansion of the, T. 342.
Swammerdam's observations on bees,
M. 256; classification, M. 386

M

Swarming of bees, M. 283; indications

of, M. 287

Sylvia cinerea, Temm., A. 282.

Sylvia atricapilla, M. 115
Syrphida, M.93

Sylviade, M. 124, 145

Sylvia hortensis, M. 149; S. phoenicurus,
Lath. T. 36; S. rubecula, 36; M. 115;
S. trochilus, T. 35

Syrphi, A. 392, 395; T. 4, 45; vibratory
motions of, when flying, T. 360
Syrphide, Leach, T. 5, 270, 283, 360;
flask-shaped pupae of, 284
Syrphus, T. 284, 285, 398; and larva
devouring aphides, T. 271, figs.: S.
arcuatus, M. 39; S. inanis, muscular
ribbons for moving the wings of, T.
397, figs.

Systematic arrangements of insects, M.

380

Tephrites, T. 322

Tephritis Cardui, Latr., A. 390; T. 322;
T. Serratulæ, 70

Termes arborum, A. 300, 303; T. atrox,
301; T. bellicosus, Smeathm. 291, 300,
302; T. 47; T. fatalis, Linn., A. 291;
M. 121: T. lucifugus, A. 293, 302;
T. mordax, 301; T. pulsatorium, 304
Termites, T, 14; T. arborum, covered
way and nest of, A. 300, fig.; less de-
structive than white ants, M. 166; sec-
tion of the hill nest of, A. 300, fig. ;
hill nest of, 300, fig.; cell of the queen
of, broken open, showing the labour-
ers carrying off the eggs, T. 15, fig.;
powers of, M. 161; government of,
294; wars of, 331

Terms of caterpillar, grub, and maggot,
explained, T. note, 128
Tetragnatha extensa, Latr. A. 350, 358;
ib. M. 18

Tetrops præusta, M. 123, fig.
Tettigonia septedecim, M. 85; spuma-
ria, Oliv. A. 147 T. 179, 191, 192,
figs.; T. tibicen, M. 86
Thecla, Fabr., T. 279

Theory of the evaporation of pupa ob-

jected to, T. 298; of transpiration by
means of heat, T. 307; objected to,

308

Tiger moth, caterpillar of, T. 187, figs.
Timarcha tenebricosa, Megerle, T. 387;
M. 8, fig.

Tinea, A. 227; T. granella, T. 324; T.

hordei, Kirby, 221; T. pellionella, A.
221; T. tapetzella, T. pellionella, T.
vestianella, and T. destructor, Steph.,
217
Tineida, A. 223
Tipula, T. 25, 304
Tipulide, T. 359

Tipula crocata, M. 92; T. crystallina,
T. 285; T. gigantea, Meigen, 379;
T. motitatrix, 379; T. oleracea, Linn.,
195, 326; T. oleracea, and T. cornicina,
253; T. oleracea, and T. crocata, 229
Tipulida, Leach, T. 225, 252, 361, 367,
406, M. 90

Tipulidan gnat, transformations of, T.

235

Tomicus typographus, Lat. A. 239
Tongue in insects, M. 42; its rigidity
does not disprove taste, 23; of the
bee and its sheath, 172, 173, figs.; of
the wasp, M. 176

Torpidity in animals and plants, illus→
trations of, T. 313
Tortricidæ, A. 312

Tortrix chlorana, A. 171, 322, 855;
elastic cocoon of, 322; T. viridana,
Haworth, T. 203

Touch, organs of, M. 4

Tragopogon pratensis, M. 20
Transformation of the grub of the cock
chafer, account of, T. 227
Transformation system, M. 385
Transmutation of plants into animals,
supposed, 129, figs.; Harvey's fancies
concerning, 289

Traps for earwigs, M.147
Treehoppers, carpentry of, A. 147; mis-
taken for grasshoppers, 147; cutting
instruments of, 148; ovipositor of
150, fig.; nests of, 151, fig.

Treehopper, (cicada) sounding instru
ment of, M. 83, fig.

Tree wasp's nest in Ayrshire, A. 81
Trembley's experiments on Aphides, M.
237, figs.

Trichocera hiemalis, Meigen, T. 363
Trichiosoma, A. 328

Tricnoptera, A.185

Tringa pugnax, Linn., T. 372
Triton palustris, Flem., T. 177.
Trochilidæ, T.394

Trogosita Mauritanica, Oliv., T. 234
Trombidium holosericeum, Latr., T. 383
Trumpet honeysuckle, M. 50, fig.
Tumble dung beetle, A. 251
Turnip fly, erroneously fancied to come
across the sea, to Norfolk, T. 218
Turf ants, structure of, A. 255
Turret-building white ants, A. 301;
singular form of the nests of, 302
Twenty-plume moth, T. 345, fig.
Two-horned mason-bee, proceedings of
at Lee, A. 39

Umbrella used to collect insects, M.
367

Unger's observations on the supposed
transmutations of plants into ani-
mals, T. 130

Upholsterer bees, A. 53; taste of in
ornament, 56

Urania Leilus, T.189

Uria alle, Temminck, T. 354

Vallisnieri's classification, M. 384
Vanellus cristatus, Meyer, T. 77
Vanessa, T. 41, 360, 406; V. Antiopa,
208, 274, 276; caterpillars of,,with
manner of moulting, 274, figs.; evo-

ها

Jution of the chrysalis of, 276, figs.;
V. Atalanta, A. 168; T. 14, 71, 273,
371; V. C. album, 69; V. Io, A. 329;
T. 277, 294, 295; V. polychlorus, 96,
118; M. 44; V. Urtica, A. 329; T.
42, 69, 278, 312, 349, 350; M. 38;
caterpillar of, T. 200, fig.; intestines
of caterpillar of, 200, fig.; suspension
of chrysalides of, 278, figs.; `V. Ur-
tica, V. Atalanta, and V. Io, 35; V.
Urtica, V. Io, and V. Antiopa, 148;
V. Urtice and V. Io, 310
Vanessa, T. 154, 188, 350, 367
Vapourer moth, eggs of the, on its co-
coon, T. 95, fig.

Various periods of its disclosure in the
same brood, T. 314

Velia currens, Latr., T. 382; V. rivu-
lorum, Latr., 382, fig.

Vespa Britannica, A. 71; V. crabro, 81;
V. vulgaris, 71, 81

Vespide, M. 167

Vine-leaf-mining caterpillar, A. 233
Viola tricolor, M. 146

Viverra putorius, Linn., M. 55
Virgil's receipt for making a swarm of
bees, T. 3; description of bee-battles,
M. 323

Vision of insects, M. 118

Volucella plumata, Meigen, T. 149, fig.
Volucelle, Geoffroi, T. 148, 395
Voracity of grubs, maggots, and cater-
pillars, T. 196; instances of human,
201; of the cockroach, M. 153
Vulgar errors of insects being gene-
rated by putrefaction and by blight.
ing winds, T.1

Walking-leaf insect, T. 144, fig.
Wall-mason-bees of France, A. 38
Wall-caterpillar, moss cell of a, A. 183
Warrior ant (Termes bellicosus), A. 291;
in the winged state, A. 291, fig.; used
as delicate food, 292; nest, royal
chamber of, 295; nest, nurseries in,
296; nest, galleries and covert ways
in, 298; dislike labour, M. 353
Wars of insect communities, M. 322
Wasp, paper made by the, compared

with ours, A. 85; card-making of
Cayenne, 87; fly (chrysotoxum fas-
ciolatum), M.91, fig.; robberies, M.
331; structure of the tongue in the,
M., 176

Wasps, paper fabricated by, A. 75;
rose-shaped nest of, 82, fig.; verti-
cal nest of, 83, fig.; and bees, rare
parasites of, T. 67; government, M.
306; have no subordination of ranks,
307 wars of, 331
Watch bees, M. 330
Water grubs, forms of, T. 154
Water larva, syringe for respiration in

the, T. 161; curious mask of the, 163
Water larvæ, breathing organs in, T.
156; telescopic-tailed, 158
Water net, M. 369, fig.

Water worms (Nais), T. 159; may be
mistaken for larvæ, 159, fig.
Wax-working bees, A. 91; abdomen,
104, fig.; curtain of, 114, fig.; 119,
fig.; commencing the first cell, 117,
fig.

Wax, preparation of, A. 93; secretion
of, 116
Weather, whether predicted by spiders,
M. 17; importance of in bee-swarm-
ing, 289

Weevil of the apple-bud, T.243
Weevil-galls, A. 388

Weevil-gall of the hawthorn, A. 389
Wheat, probable mistake respecting
the destruction of, T. 231; germina-
tion of a grain of, 259, fig.
Wheat-fly described by Mr. Shireff, T.
256; transformations of, 260, figs.
Whirlwig, account of the, by Kirby
and by Knapp, T. 368

Whirlwig's eyes, remarkable structure
of the, T. 370; M. 128

Whirlwig beetle, sailing of the, T. 381
White ants or termites, structures of,
A. 288; extraordinary comparative
height of, 288; mining operations of,
289; queen distended with eggs, 295,
fig.; turret nests of, 301, fig.; of
trees and timber, 302

Wild bees of America, Ireland, and
Palestine, A. 143

Wild honey-bees, A. 142

Wildman's feats with bees, M. 320
Willow, branch of, with seed spikes, A.
232, fig.; leaf-bundler, 170; woody
gall of the, 386

Winds, insectiferous, T. 22
Wingless females, M. 215

Wings of insects, air-tubes in the, T.
344, figs.; of plumed moths, ver-
dures of, 345, figs.; mechanism of,
396; organs of touch, M. 12
Wing system, M.

Wire-worm, the grub of Hemirhipus
T. 229, 230, fig.

Wolf-bug (Reduvius), dust mask of the,

T. 165

Wood-ants, structures of, A. 272; nests,
materials employed in fabricating,
272; nest, coping of, 273; interior
structure of, 275; artificial hive for,
276, fig.; proceedings at night-fall,
277; emigration of, M. 278

Wood-feeders, contrivance in the pupa
of, T. 322

Worker ants guard the females, M.244
Worker bee, A. 103, fig.

Working ants, imperfect females, M.

242

Worm i' the bud,' the, traced to its
egg, T. 20

Xenos, T. 67.

Xylocopa, T. 50 ; X. violacea, A. 47, 49,
52; M. 51, 95

Yellow ants, winter nest of, A. 256; of
a non-migratory disposition, M. 278
Yponomeuta euonymella, T. 207; Y. pa-
della, A. 329; T. 205; M. 25; en-
campment of, T. 206, fig.
Yunx, torquilla, M. 124

Zabrus, T. 232; Z. gibbus, Steph.,T.
231, fig.

Zantheumia Solstitialis, Leach, T. 228;

348

Zimb (breeze-fly ?) of Africa, A.415-