The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence

Abdal'aziz Abū Ḥanifa Abū Yūsuf analogy ancient Iraqians ancient schools Aṭā Athār Āthār A.Y. Āthār Shaib authentic Auzā'i Bakr Caliph Comm common ancient doctrine Companions of Ibn consensus consistent decision divorce favour Ḥammād ibid Ibn Abbās Ibn Abi Lailā Ibn Mas'ud Ibn Musaiyib Ibn Qutaiba Ibn Umar Ibrahim Ibrāhīm Nakha'i idda ijtihād inconsistent interpretation Iraq Iraqian doctrine Islam isnād istiḥsān Koran Kufa Laila later legal doctrine legal maxim legal reasoning legal theory legal traditions living tradition Mālik Medina Medinese doctrine Muhammadan jurisprudence Muhammadan law Muslims opponents passage practice problem projected back Prophet Qāsim qiyās quoted ra'y reference reject Sarakhsī says scholars schools of law secondary stage Sha'bi Shafi'i Shaibānī Shaibānī gives shows Shuraiḥ slave spurious Successors sunna systematic reasoning technical legal thought textus receptus tion traditionists traditions from Companions Umaiyad VIII weregeld Yusuf Zuhri Zurqānī