scenes of the drama which is about to be enacted in all the public places of Paris." "You will then assist me," said Miranda, thankfully. "With my heart and with my soul,” replied Gracchus. "He is my all in all-more than wife, more than all the world-my friend, my brother." "But he will suffer horribly. Our task will be painful and difficult. I look at it with fear and trembling." "Miranda!” cried a shrill, piercing voice, full of a world of anguish. "That is Charles," said Miranda, shuddering, and looking fearfully at Gracchus Antiboul; "he calls me." 46 pale. 'She has told him," whispered Antiboul, turning The Countess and the Republican entered. "Miranda!" repeated he, wildly, "is this true? Is she dying?" "Pardon me, Charles, for hiding it!" said Miranda, falling passionately on her knees. "I dared not tell you." Charles sat down without saying a word, leaving Grae "We must go in," added Miranda, leaning trembling chus to raise the prostrate Countess. on his arm. We must, however, before we accompany them, explain the cry of Charles Clement. When they were alone, Charles, who was full of hope and joy, who saw in a speedy recovery the reward of all his sufferings, took the hand of Adela, and pressed it to his lips. "You love me very much," said the sick girl, with a smile. “Charles,” said Adela, gently, “what is the matter ?" He made no reply. He neither heard nor saw. "Charles!" repeated Adela; "Charles, my beloved! my husband! my adored! speak to me !” A copious flood of tears, and a spasmodic sobbing, here seized the young man. "He will speak in a moment, dearest," said Miranda, taking his hand. "I am better," murmured Charles; "but 0, my "I cannot answer that question. It would be wrong to God! my God! can this be true? Adela! Adela! are say how much I love you.” "But if I were happy in another world, in the bosom of my God?" said Adela, with some little of terror, as she watched the features of Charles. "But I am selfish,” replied Charles Clement, with a smile. "I wish to share and see your happiness; to call you by the dear name of wife." Adela shook her head. It was clear the security and hope of Charles Clement was complete. "Beloved husband!" said Adela, drawing him near unto her; "come near me: kiss not my hand, but my lips. Call me your wife once." Charles, somewhat astonished, pressed her lips passionately to his, and remained in a tremor and ecstacy of delight for some minutes. "Charles," continued Adela, first interrupting the silence, "you have called me your wife. I am your wife. Are you not satisfied?" you leaving us?" "I must!" she cried, in bitter anguish of soul, as she saw his bitter grief; "a wise and inscrutable Providence calls me. Let us not murmur." Charles Clement took her hand once more; and, the palour of death upon his face, tried to speak in a less heart-broken tone. The four conversed some little time. They spoke of the past, of their futile dreams of happiness, of their once bright hopes, and of the fearful Revolution which had crossed their path. “But,” said Adela, faintly, “when I am gone, Charles, let not your private feelings change your public ones. You have hitherto followed the path of duty. You belong not to the monsters of the Revolution; you are one of its noble apostles. Continue; serve your fellow-creatures when you can, and let not the memory of Adela ever restrain a noble or patriotic aspiration." "Noble child!" murmured Charles. "But I will rest awhile," said Adela, "or else I shall be able to talk no more." And she turned away and slept. Several hours passed, and the evening drew in, before the lovely girl again awoke. "Charles," said she, "I have been in Paradise with you. But I cannot see you now. Charles--Miranda, where are you?" “Here,” cried both, in a tone of inexpressible anguish. "Take each a hand-let me feel you. Oh, my brother-oh, my sister, I am going. Pray for me." And Miranda and Charles Clement burst into a passionate prayer. "I see pikes and swords—men waving bloody banners— "I am happy, not satisfied. I wish to continue the|| I hear shrieks. But I feel your hands. Beloved Charles, dear delight of calling you my wife." beloved Miranda, adieu, adieu; my voice is going. Hold my hand until I die." She spoke no more. Her eyes closed. Her hands pressing those of her attached friends, and, every now and Charles started back, looked wildly at her, and stood then, giving a gentle pressure, she lay for half an hour. But her breathing grew quicker, then fainter; and, suddenly, to his feet. her hands were convulsively shaken. By a sudden effort, || of wild sorrow, that enabled Gracchus to have them reshe clasped them together, and placed the hands of the two of Miranda and Charles-one within the other. moved. The next day, Charles rose without speaking, dressed himself, and went to place himself beside the two biers which contained the mortal remains of the Duke and his child. The calm of the young man was fearful. It was useless to speak to him; he answered not a word. Miranda rose to attend the funeral, which took place next day, in a quiet and unassuming manner. They then returned to the house. Charles shut himself in a room, which Miranda had set apart for him. Miranda did the same; and Gracchus Antiboul went home, to find in the society of his wife some relief from the oppressing emotions of the last few days. My tragic narrative draws to an end. But that I must record the fate of Charles and Miranda, under the Reign of Terror, I should have terminated my labours here. END OF THE THIRD BOOK. [Book the Fourth and last-The Reign of Terror-will complete the narrative,] SHREDS AND THE jagged points in a nation's history are often not to be gathered from its newspapers and periodicals so effectually as from its pamphlets. The year's pamphlets are the best annual literature that we receive. Many of them are eminently stupid. Some of them are mischievous. Others are colourless, tasteless, meaningless things. But there is a large solid amount of good sense and new ideas in our pamphlets. They are not like the articles in newspapers and periodicals, that must be written against the hour. Pamphlets are perfect volunteers in the social battles. The writers only work as they are moved. They must feel some pressure on their pen before they write at all; and that not the pressure for money or for dinner. Pamphleteers rarely make money by their works. Few pamphlets pay the cost of publication. Nine in ten do not pay, from the produce of sales, for printing. Their authors are, therefore, without temptation to write and publish, except for the public good, or what they deem to be the public benefit. Thus it comes that pamphlets are often worthy of being read. We have caught sterling suggestions in a long-neglected pamphlet picked up from amongst rubbish. Experience has taught us to advise everybody in consistence with the interest of bookbinders on this subject. We say at once and decidedly, "bind your pamphlets." Let nothing be lost for the price of boarding. There are some volumes of old pamphlets, on book-shelves, at this moment, that would not be exchanged by their owners for their weight in Syce silver. A volume of that character is a medley of wisdom. Bind your pamphlets of 1848, in one or more volumes, as you happen to have few or many; and see how, if you live until 1868, you will relish the collection. Send them to the tobacconists now, at 13d. per lb., and you will miss them twenty years hence. PATCHES. let called the "Warehouseman" and professing to teach, by example, both masters and servants. The narrative was a novel put under a mental hydraulic press, and squeezed into the smallest space consistent with safety to the property. We cannot compress it farther, and therefore we do not repeat the tale. Some facts, and observations on the facts, that we find in the pamphlet, are startling, and deserve notice. The pamphleteer says that in large establishments in the warehousing business the principals are frequently unacquainted with their trade, and depend on their buyers to an extent that seems pitiable. We comprehend, fully, the case of a large business, divided into compartments, where a partner, like a confidential servant, confines his attention to one branch, and is not so intimately conversant with the details of other parts of the business as of that under his immedate management. This state of trade is consistent with good arrangement; but the entire and helpless dependence on results and per centages described in the following paragraph is lamentable, and, if true, would explain many embarrassments: "Unfortunately the principals of such establishments have no power, beyond setting a noble example themselves—which is not always the case-that can influence or control the habits of their leading warehousemen. The buyer or head of a department is, as it were, totally independent of those from whom that independence and his own importance spring. So long as he has the outlines of honesty, and the capability for showing a large return, with a remunerating profit in his department, the details of the character-the intellectual man---'the mind that unnoticed, or, if noticed, will remain unreproved by the employer. makes the body rich,' or the morals which purify it, will remain In large establishments, this dependence and independence of the employer and the employed proceed from ignorance of, and an acquaintance with, the goods of which one is the proprietor, the and sometimes totally, unacquainted with the value of goods from other the purchaser. The head of an establishment is frequently, which he may perhaps derive a large income. Hence his deIn looking over several papers of a few months pendence on his buyers. And consequently-as a man of the world old, some days since, we caught an octavo pamph--he pays less attention to the morals of those who conduct and govern his trade than to the annual result of that govern- || apart from the general result of such folly, let us weigh the subment, as shown in the balance on the credit side of the ledger." ||ject-as all such matters should be weighed-by moral principle. We see another passage, so temptingly illustrative of our own remarks, that we quote it also:— "A young and rising house, of undoubted respectability, felt desirous of augmenting their establishment by an additional department. Acting on a mistaken notion of economy, they declined the services of several experienced candidates for the office of buyer, and finally accepted for the important post a young man who had filled a situation as junior, but not as buyer, in a department similar to that in which they were about to engage. With a salary of one hundred and twenty pounds a year, the elated novice rushed into the markets, and bought freely of goods of the quality of which he knew but little-but of the quantity of which the firm will long have occasion to remember. The department of course proved a failure, and, without friendly aid, might have proved a serious matter to the house, inasmuch as a large, and for the most part unsaleable stock taxed their resources almost beyond their capability. The buyer discharged, another, and one of experience, was substituted at a salary of three hundred a year. Instead of showing, as heretofore, a loss, the department subsequently produced a fair and remunerative profit." Let good business men consider, only for five minutes, the madness of a house staking its connexion by entering a line of business of which the partners are ignorant, and compelled to trust a young man with a salary of £120 yearly. The object of the warehouseman's pamphlet is to improve the moral state of both employers and employed. Its necessity is evident, if there be many young houses or old who made arrangements similar to that described in the last quoted paragraph. This house had capital, very probably, although they had nearly not enough; but they had not knowledge. In a very important paragraph which we are to copy, the writer attacks trading without capital as wrong in principle. Is trading without knowledge right? In many extensive transactions the man of knowledge and the man of capital go together, and share in equal proportions of the profit. This is a fair arrangement and a moral one. But the man of knowledge going forward alone without capital would be wrong in principle. And would the man of capital going on without knowledge be found perfectly right? Instead of one wellassorted concern, they make two ill-arranged establishments; and when young houses go into departments with which they are personally unacquainted, and intrust the care of them to young men with £120 annually, they must be ignorant of the world if they expect to thrive. The pamphleteer discovers a greater evil in the warehouse life: "We would briefly refer to another custom which, within the last few has been gaining ground with many of our specu years, lative young warehousemen. We speak of the practice of making betting books.' Can anything be more absurd-we might almost say dishonest, for such practices are a near approach to dishonesty-than a young man in a situation of fifty, seventy, or eighty pounds a-year, making bets on a single race to the amount of several hundreds of pounds! We have known not only of one or two such cases, but of many. But some of these betting young gentlemen will plead, as an excuse for such speculation, that they invariably make a 'safe book. Yet how often does this safe book' turn out to be a fallacy! How often do they discover in their entries the names of individuals as creditors for ten, twenty, or thirty pounds, who are not worth as many shillings! Thus they themselves become responsible for large amounts, while the 'safe book' transforms the imaginary balance in favour of its owner to a figurative surplus of worthless I O U's. But We would ask employers whether such juvenile trading without capital is not only wrong in principle, but whether it is not an absolute infringement of duty on the part of their servants? The individual disposition to serve one's self first is but natural, and as soon as a servant becomes a secret trader on his own account, the master must be the sufferer-even if it be but in loss of time or labour. The youth whose whole faculties are at fever-heat, in the hope of winning fifty or a hundred pounds on a single race, which the brief space of a few minutes will decide, will not --nay, cannot give his undivided attention to one whom he is We would pledged to serve faithfully at so much per annum. advise all employers who have a regard for their own interest, as well as for the welfare of their assistants, to look to this. And than this practice of betting Out of one evil spring many. nothing can have a more dangerous tendency on the mind of youth." "For I wad never lia'e done the like If ye had nae done it before me." Young warehousemen, we fear, may answer old warehousemen by this scrap of an old song when the latter speak truth against betting books. Betting is a moral epidemic in English It extends to all classes-and in a society. We do not very considerable extent to all ages. presume that it will soon be eradicated. It resembles some of those weeds that, once put in the ground, can never be got out again. The advice of the pamphleteer is good nevertheless; and we are endeavouring to help it to travel far. We have quoted all these paragraphs partly for the sake of their own contents; but partly also for that of the old gentleman's grumblings. He sets at the church-the rich well-greased Church of England-and he deals it such strong advice and comment, as a man is justified in addressing to a party who has been guilty of breach of confidence. He boldly holds the church liable to this charge. Not only the church, but the chartists, and infinitely worse parties, are said, in the extract which we are to quote, to be at the bottom of much mischief in society. Chartists, socialists, and communists, are named in the matter, and named in such connection as if they were birds of a feather. It will scarcely do to confound political parties with theological unbelievers or theoretic fools. Men should abandon this practice. It is trading on a false pretence, and that is worse than trading without capital, which is said to be a wrong principle. Chartists may be evangelical or heterodox in their religious creed; they may be communists, or they may be ranters. Nothing contained in the five points, or even in the six, should make of any man a sceptic. Sentences occur in the following extract to damage a passage of great force and truth. Many wicked men have been chartists. Very wicked The Marquis of Gaunt Let us hope that we men have been tories. was, we believe, a whig. "Dear Mr. Archdeacon,-I cannot resist laying before you an ecclesiastical question of some importance, which weighs upon my mind-viz., Whether our Church has done wisely in altogether withdrawing her ministerial operations from that ground, on which our Lord and His Apostles almost exclusively acted: I mean the highways and hedges;' the lanes and streets of the city ?' Into these places we know that the original preachers of the Gospel were sent to instruct the multitude and invite them into the Christian fold, and by all means to 'compel them to come in.' The preachers, however, of the present day have retreated within consecrated walls for the delivery of the same Divine message; just as if there were no longer any stray sheep in these by-paths who require looking after. But the old ground is not unoccupied-the Chartist and infidel lecturer-the disseminator of theories which tend to overthrow all social order and to prevent the growth of any religious belief, is busy upon the scene; and we are blind watchmen,' 'dumb dogs,' amidst the disturbance and ruin which this wolf occasions. "It is not without considerable opportunity of observation that I venture to express the opinion, that the seditious and discontented feeling which is unhappily prevalent amongst a large body of the lower order of our urban population, is so essentially connected with an absence of all religious conviction, that I believe the only instrument which can cure the evil is the same spiritual weapon which we wield against carnal wickedness. You must convert the Chartist spirit as you would reform the drunkard's habit, by showing that it is rebellion against the laws of God. You should inculcate the tenth commandment through the minister of religion, as the law can only enforce the eighth by punishment on its violation. But where the doctrines of political disaffection are most widely spread, it appears to me that Christianity is unrepresented. There is no obstacle to the exciting speechmaker promulgating in open air to the multitude sentiments as anti-constitutional as they are anti-Christian, so long as his words are not productive of blows: but if a minister of our Church were to answer him with a homily verbally taken from the Gospel itself, he would have exceeded the terms of his licence, degraded his order, and rendered himself obnoxious to episcopal censure. matters stand, therefore, the foulest untruths, which cause incalculable mischief, may be disseminated on the highway without let or hinderance; whilst the maxims of revelation, which alone can make human ills tolerable, are reserved for places wherein that dreg of society, of which I am speaking, is never to be found." shall never have a merely political party in this || produce great results. The country clergyman thus country that does not comprise many good men :— commences his plea :"Who can doubt that one half of the grievances in the world -whether real or imaginary-whether in social, political, or commercial life—are, for the most part, produced by the leaders or heads of the various orders of society? They may be adopted by the multitude, but they originate with the few. To whom are we indebted for the discord and ill-feeling between man and man, which agitates the country at this moment? From whence and with whom does Chartism, Communism, Socialism, and all other levelling, demoralising, and revolutionary doctrines originate? To whom are those poor, ignorant, deluded wretches, who inculcate such doctrines, indebted for the greater part of their own misery and discontent, but to those irreligious demagogues-those political agitators and ungodly leaders, whose best and only object is to enrich themselves at the expense of the better part of the community? And from what else does all this spring, but from the wickedness and immorality of those who head such lawless and pernicious movements ? For the most part, who and what are they? For what are they celebrated? Is it for their great learning-for their superior intellectual attainments-for their mental treasures or natural virtues -for the beauties of the mind, or the benevolence of the heart ? Nothing of the sort. The majority are known to be either absolute infidels, or men devoid of every principle that should exist between man and man-devoid of all respect for authority, good law, and social order. How black, then, must appear the motives of such persons, if weighed, as they ought to be, by the character of their acknowledged leaders. Thus may we thank Heaven for selecting men suited to the cause. And hence may We congratulate ourselves on the barrenness of their polluted efforts; for no cause can ever succeed that has neither equity, honour, nor religion in its favour. Heaven knows we stand in need of reform from the Church downwards-that we want social, commercial, and political reform; but, to be of permanent benefit, this must be accomplished, not by illegal force from the base, but through a free and honourable concession from the fountain head. An edifice that has an imperfect foundation must, if neglected, sooner or later, fall. Let those proud nobles and wealthy merchants who were recently alarmed for their own safety, remember that the permanence of their position depends entirely on themselves. To continue eminently great, they must prove themselves by their deeds-not words-to be morally good. Let those worldly bishops who would say, Why have we so many dissenters ?—look within their own temple, in which truth will reply, It is the abuses here which generate and increase dissent? Purify yourselves, and you will add strength to a building which, in itself, is pure and holy. Let the purseproud and domineering aristocrat remember, that the strongest arm of his authority lies in the respect of those below him. Let the wily politician or knavish statesman remember, that an abuse of public power is the sacrifice of private honour. And let that merchant who aspires to commercial greatness bear in mind, that the most permanent pillars of his establishment will be found in the fairness and integrity of his transactions. Even England, in all her scientific and commercial grandeur-unrivalled as she is in all that is great and glorious-may not be found an imperishable flower in the hand of Time. Other nations have suddenly grown to greatness; and, through the pride and immorality of their people, have as suddenly fallen to decay. But may England long maintain-as she alone can, through the intellectual and moral advancement of her people-her present preeminent position in the world; and may she continue to shine with increased brilliancy, and in the future history of nations be chronicled-what she now is-as the brightest star that ever illumined the commercial hemisphere.” We have next another, and a very important, letter from a country clergyman to an archdeacon, in which the former warmly urges the propriety of street preaching. The police are apt to interfere in such cases, unless the site be well selected, and to stop a discourse by telling preacher and hearers to move on. It is possible, notwithstanding the Police Act, to obtain a site, or "a stance," in many districts where the instrumentality might VOL. XVII.-NO. CLXXXIV, As The church has changed since the days of "our Lord and His apostles." The change, in some instances, has been a decent and proper transference of its teachers from comparative or positive want to affluence and independence. In others, the position of the preacher now is not much better than that of the Evangelist in the first century. In other cases, £13,000 is paid for repairing a house for the disciple of Him who had not where on earth to lay his head. In England, £32,000 was lately paid to build a palace for a bishop officially descended from the great apostle of the Gentiles, who earned a scanty livelihood by making tents, and preached wherever he could obtain an audience when his day's work was completed, and his daily morsel of bread was earned. The bishops who dwell in these costly mansions, if it were possible that they could meet Paul, would be apt to look on him as a schismatic or an enthusiast, not in any way better than some people looked on John Bunyan, the tinker of Bedford. Again, the question of consecration comes up like a lion in the way of the honest, well-meaning country clergyman. We remember some circumstances connected with the Irish Home Mission and consecration. Various zealous members and ministers of the Established Church in Ireland commenced a Home Mission, Y preaching in barns, in schoolhouses, and in private || may be assured that more serious work has to be done at home than they could have any conception of by anything to be seen from the platform at Exeter Hall. rooms. They were doing the duty now suggested to the archdeacon by the country clergyman. They were going out into the hedges and the byeways, into the lanes and courts, and doing work that was highly valuable; but bishops came down upon them for consecration, and plainly said "You must not try to save sinners until you have paid our fees for consecrating the place wherein you are to preach ;" and we cannot well see how streets can be consecrated. But there are good bishops, and some dioceses, where the work may be done, although not in Exeter. The country clergyman does not consider the erection of churches until a congregation be assembled the ordinary course of events. He says: "In illustration of my belief, that we act unwisely in building churches before we have preached the Gospel in the streets, I will suppose the following case. In the filthy and fever-haunted suburb of one of our cities or largest towns, some pious churchman munificently resolves to erect a Christian temple. He will have it, in all respects, what a Church ought to be: pure in its architectural form, and thoroughly ecclesiastic in all its adornments and apparatus. Externally it is intended to charm the eye, and internally to awe the spirit. More chaste, and probably more costly, than any other building in the district, the honour thus paid to God in His house, it is presumed, will be reflected on the senses of the surrounding inhabitants. The poorest, too, who pass its threshold, are to have free and unrestricted access to its most convenient sittings. Within, beauty and holiness are to reign in union, and Christian charity is to pervade the scene. Oh! how delightful, to come from the noisome garret and the crowded street into this softly lighted chamber of sacred impressions, and to hear at every service of a better life than can be found in the dirt and drudgery of this lower world! How blessed a shelter will this be from care, and sickness, and poverty, and age; from the temptations of folly, and the pollutions of sin! How delightful a privilege to bow, in common with all your neighbours, whether rich or poor, before the God of heaven; and unitedly to luxuriate in the hope and confidence of meeting there at last! This is indeed a comforting vision: but is it the common consequence upon a church being built in a populous district, which has not been accustomed to have the means of grace offered in it? Does the clergyman, who sanguinely undertakes the spiritual guardianship of such a locality, ever find his expectations realized? Assuredly he does not: and, after a long struggle with hypocrisy and hardened guilt, and being occasionally cheered by results which just sustain his spirit amidst repeated disappointments, he is forced to admit that from the Church just planted, the dreg of wickedness, which he had hoped to convert, has retreated like a widening circle in water when a stone is dropped into it; and his reliance for a future congregation is transferred to the national school, where he hopes the rising generation may be trained into becoming Christians." We believe that these statements are perfectly consistent with facts exhibited in daily experience; and the writer adduces a remarkable statement in proof of his assertions : "Nor is this a fanciful picture. You, Mr. Archdeacon, lately heard a narration from the lips of a respectable clergyman, which fully confirms it. He said that a friend of his, who had returned from a mission at Sierra Leone, was appointed to one of the Bethnal Green churches. During the week prior to his first public performance of Divine service he perambulated his district to solicit attendance the next Sunday at church. The Sunday arrived, and he went hopefully into the desk; but, on looking for a congregation, he could not recognize one person whom he had bidden to attend. A few days afterwards he presented himself at the office of the Missionary Society which had employed him, and implored, with tears in his eyes, to be sent back to Sierra Leone; for, as he said, He had found the blacks the better Christians!'" Subscribers to Foreign Missions should please to remember the last sentence of this quotation. They The worthy country clergyman goes on to argue with the archdeacon the danger of the Church arising from her own negligence. He does not hint at the dangers of the Church from Dissent, Romanism, Puseyism, or any other cause, except the negligence of her own dignitaries. That is the true cause of danger to any Church so widely supported as the Church of England :— "At the Reformation, we know that the open air sermons at Paul's Cross most powerfully contributed to disseminate the re vived doctrines; and the discourses of Latimer acquired more popular attention from the removal of the pulpit out of the chapel into the gardens of Whitehall. We know, also, how strong a blow our Church received when Wesley and Whitfield addressed the multitude on the highway and in the field: and if the dissenters from the Church are less able than formerly to abstract the lower class from her communion, it is because they cannot send forth equally powerful missionaries. And, as regards the Methodists, that chapels are a declining property, and the number of their members is on the decrease, may be attributed, I think, in a great measure, to their more general adoption of a regimen similar to that of our own Church, and discarding the auxiliary aid of street preaching, which is always so effective on that class from which their ranks are recruited." The country clergyman does not lament with sufficient warmth the decay of the Methodist influence We do not believe, and in which he believes. have, therefore, no reason to express regret on the subject. From the tone of the good man's letter at this point, one might readily see, without the address, that it was intended for a church dignitary, by whom dissent could only be regarded as the old hat in the window, shoved in to keep out the wind and rain until the arrival of the glazier. The closing paragraphs are more sensible:-- "Men of high and impulsive nature could, I believe, be found to undertake the salutary mission with signal benefit to the people; men who would be found inflexible to the attractions of party bias, and would be contented to preach the two doctrines which formed the burden of their Divine Master's discourses—even repentance and faith-as the way and entrance of eternal life. Men of warm affections and real histrionic power, who truly felt the deepest interest in the salvation of their species, and had the rare gift of oratorical persuasion. Men, I repeat, who, though good Churchmen, would be content to leave with the parochial clergy the explanation of those theological niceties the discussion of which could only interrupt and mar their own clearer and purer aim. "In the employment of such men, in such a cause, I can myself see nothing but good: in the absence of such an outlet for the Church's doctrines, I apprehend the continuance and growth of incalculable evil-the evil of a Church remaining unadapted to those whose spiritual degradation most requires its enlightening powers. I apprehend, with fear and sorrow, that whilst we are building and beautifying churches, and endowing them for the ministration of ordinances which can be acceptable to those only whom sin and infidelity have not wholly blinded, we are giving our first care to those who least require assistance-even to the rich and the respectable; whilst the publican and harlot, the drunkard and thief-whose lives are a moral sore which festers in our social constitution-are comparatively uncared for and overlooked." In January, 1848, we recommended ragged churches as a means of civilising the masses, who need to be drawn where they go not cheerfully. The poor, in their ragged clothes, can never be brought to attend fine churches. They think them |