The Rise of Christian EuropeThe steps by which western Europe was able to rise out of the Dark Ages, shake off the Moslem power, inaugurate the twelfth century Renaissance and bring it to full glory two centuries later. |
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abbeys Africa Arab Asia barbarian Black Death Byzantine Byzantium capital cataphracts centre Charlemagne Charles Martel China Christendom Christian Church Cistercian cities civilization clergy Cluny colonies conquered Constantine Constantinople Counter-Reformation Crusades culture decline Diocletian Donation of Constantine dynasty East eastern economic Egypt eleventh century emperor England Europe European expansion famous feudal fifteenth century fourteenth century France friars frontiers German Gibbon gold Greek heresy heretics historians Holy Ibn Khaldoun institutions intellectual Islam Italian Italy Justinian Khan kingdoms kings knights Kublai Khan laity land landlords lay control medieval Mediterranean merchants MICHIGAN military monasteries Mongol monks Moslem conquests movement nomads Norman orthodoxy pagan Paris peasants Persian Photo pope Pope Gregory VII population Portugal Portuguese princes Reformation religion Renaissance revolt Roman Empire rural Sicily sixteenth social society Spain St Benedict stirrup struggle Syria tenth century Theodosius third century thirteenth century Timgad towns trade twelfth century urban Venice West Western Empire