1 Wert Bereuse "Dorchester Mars, BOHN'S REFERENCE LIBRARY. COOPER'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, VOL. II. A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY: 66 CONTAINING CONCISE NOTICES OF EMINENT PERSONS OF AND MORE PARTICULARLY OF DISTINGUISHED NATIVES OF BY THOMPSON COOPER, F.S.A., AUTHOR OF 66 WITH A SUPPLEMENT, BRINGING THE WORK DOWN TO THE END OF THE YEAR 1882. VOL. II. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. IBARRA. IBARRA, JOACHIM, a celebrated Spanish printer, born at Saragossa 1726; died at Madrid 23 Nov. 1795 ILIVE. Photius again took possession of the see of Constantinople. [posed, in a bye council held at Constantinople 858, from which he appealed to the Pope, who declared both this deposition, and the ordination of Photius, IBBETSON, JULIUS CAESAR, a celebrated land- null and void. He was not, however, restored to scape painter, termed the Berghem of England,' his see till the reign of Basilius the Macedonian, was born at Scarborough, and died 1817. who, being left sole emperor 867, confined Photius IBBOT, BENJAMIN, D.D., was born at Beacham- in the monastery of Scepsis. This restoration of well, Norfolk, 1680, and educated at Clare Hall, St. Ignatius occasioned the fourth general council Cambridge, from whence, in 1700, he removed to of Constantinople to be held. After St. Ignatius's Corpus Christi College, where he obtained a fellow-death, which occurred 23 Oct., 877, aged 78, ship in 1706; but resigned it the following year, on becoming librarian and chaplain to Archbishop Tenison, who appointed him treasurer of the cathedral of Wells, and gave him the united livings of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, and St. Michael le Querne. George I. made him one of his chaplains; and when that monarch visited Cambridge, Mr. Ibbot was created D.D. by mandamus. In 1713 and 1714 he preached the Boyle's lecture. In 1724 he was installed prebendary of Westminster, but died on 5th April the year following. His sermons at Boyle's lecture were published in 1727; and his posthumous discourses, by Dr. Clarke, for the benefit of his widow, in 2 vols.; of which an enlarged edition appeared 1775. Dr. Ibbot published a translation of Puffendorff, De habitu religionis Christianæ ad vitam civilem;' and there are some of his poems in Dodsley's collection. IBRAHIM EFFENDI, a native of Poland, who was raised by his courage and talents to the first dignities in the Ottoman empire. He established the first printing-press in Turkey in 1728. The count de Bonneval furnished him with the characters. The first work which he produced was on the military art; he afterwards published the Account of an Expedition against the Afghans; a Turkish Grammar; and a History of Turkey. IBRAHIM PASHA, viceroy of Egypt, died at Cairo 10 Nov., 1848, aged 59. IBYCUS, a Greek lyric poet, flourished about 540 B.C. IFFLAND, AUGUSTUS WILLIAM, a German actor and dramatist, born at Hanover 19 April, 1759; died at Berlin 20 Sept., 1814. IGNARRA, NICHOLAS, a learned ecclesiastic and antiquary of Naples; born 21 Sept., 1728; died 6 August, 1808. IGNATIUS (ST.), a martyr, bishop of Antioch, surnamed Theophorus, who succeeded Evodius about A.D. 68, was St. John's disciple, and maintained the faith in presence of the Emperor Trajan, during the third persecution. He suffered martyrdom at Rome 10 Dec., 107. There are extant seven Epistles written by him while he was going in chains to Rome. They have been translated into English by Dr. Wake. The other letters ascribed to this martyr are spurious. IGNATIUS (ST.), patriarch of Constantinople, son of the Emperor Michael Curopalates, and of Procopia, daughter of the Emperor Nicephorus. He succeeded Methodius 846, and having been banished in 857, by the intrigues of Bardas, whose sins he had reproved, the celebrated Photius was put in his place. St. Ignatius was afterwards de IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA (ST.), founder of the Society of Jesus, was born in the province of Guipúscoa, in Spain, 1491, of a noble family. He entered into the army when young, and in 1521 had his leg broken at the siege of Pampeluna. During his confinement he made a vow to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; and accordingly, on his recovery, he hung up his arms in the church of Montserrat, and dedicated himself to the Blessed Virgin. Having first paid his repects to the Pope, and obtained his benediction, he embarked at Venice (1523), and proceeded to Jerusalem, where he continued some months. On his return to Spain he applied himself to the study of Latin, and in 1526 entered himself a student of the university of Alcala. He began also to preach and gather disciples, for which he was thrown into prison, but obtained his release on promising to refrain from those practices. This condition, however, he soon violated, and was again placed under confinement at Salamanca, but recovered his liberty, on making a similar promise. He now went to Paris, where he made some proselytes, who bound themselves by a vow to observe the rule of their leader. After visiting England, Ignatius returned to Spain, and his preaching drew crowds of hearers. From thence he proceeded to Venice, with several followers, who assumed the name of 'The Society of Jesus.' After encountering some opposition, Ignatius procured, in 1546, the papal sanction to his order, of which he was created the first general; and in 1550 Pope Julius III. confirmed the society by a new and enlarged decree. The founder died at Rome 31 July, 1556; and in 1622 he was canonized. The Society of Jesus was suppressed by Clement IV. 1773, and solemnly reestablished by Pius VII. 1814. IHRE, JOHN, a learned antiquary of Upsal, in Sweden, born at Lund 1707; died 26 Nov. 1780. The Glossarium Sueco-Gothicum is his best work. ILDEFONSUS (ST.), a disciple of St. Isidore of Seville, afterwards abbat of Angeli, and archbishop of Toledo 658. He died 23 Feb. 667, aged 62, leaving a treatise On the spotless and perpetual Virginity of the Holy and Glorious Mary, Mother of God;' and other works printed in the Library of the Fathers. ILIVE, JACOB, a printer and letter-founder, who, in 1751, published The Book of Jasher.' He was also the author of a discourse, in which he maintained that this earth is hell, and that the souls of men are apostate spirits in a state of punishment. He set up a meeting for the promulgation of deism; |