Giles, or Egidius, Abbot and Confessor, was born at Athens. He retired to a. hermitage in Provence about A.D. 666. Flavius Wamba, king of the Goths, who found him in his cell, while hunting, endowed an abbey for him at Nismes, where he died about A.D. 724.

Enurchus, or Evurtius, Bishop, was a Sub-deacon of the Roman Church. He came into Gaul early in the 4th century, became Bp of Orleans, and died about A.D. 340.

The festival of the Nativity of B. V. Mary is mentioned in the 7th century. Innocent IV. added an Octave to it, and Gregory XI. prefixed a Vigil, A.D. 1370. Holy-Cross Day has been kept from A. D. 629, when the Emperor Heraclius restored to Jerusalem the relic of the Cross which Helena had left there, and which Chosroes, king of Persia, had carried away A.D. 614.

Lambert, or Landebert, Bishop and Martyr, became Bp of Maestricht_A.D. 668. He evangelized the pagans of Brabant. In A.D. 709 he was murdered at Leodium, now Liege.

Mention of the festival of St Matthew, Apostle, is found A.D. 703. See note on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1559.

St Cyprian, Archbishop, was born at Carthage, where he taught rhetoric for many years. When past middle life he was converted by a priest, Cæcilius, whose name he prefixed to his own at his baptism. In A.D. 248 he became Bishop of Carthage, and in A.D. 250, in the Decian persecution, was proscribed. He escaped by withdrawing. After the death of Decius he returned to Carthage, and governed the Church with prudence till his martyrdom A.D. 258. Cyprian's works are in high repute. His name has been commemorated in the Canon of the Roman Mass from the time of Gregory the Great. His day in the Eastern, Roman and Sarum Calendars is Sept. 16th. The Cyprian, commemorated in them on Sept. 26th, was a converted magician of Antioch.

The festival of St Michael and All Angels has been observed from the 5th century. See note on Collect. Proper Lessons, Ecclus. 39 and 44, were appointed in 1559. The present Lessons were appointed in 1662.

St Jerome, Confessor, Doctor, was born about A.D. 342. He studied at Rome, and, for some time, pleaded as an advocate; but abandoned the profession for sacred studies. With this view he went to the East A.D. 373, settled in the desert of Chalcida, between Syria and Arabia, and studied Hebrew. In A.D. 378 he was ordained priest at Antioch. About A.D. 380 he went to Constantinople to study the Scriptures under Gregory Nazianzen, and in A.D. 382 returned to Rome. He went to Bethlehem A.D. 385, where he continued his study of Hebrew. He died A.D. 420. St Jerome revised the Latin version of the New Testament and made a fresh one of the Old. The Latin Vulgate, with the exception of some Apocryphal books, is the result of his labours.

Giles, Nativity of Blessed Virgin Mary, Holy Cross, Lambert, Cyprian and Jerome, were first noted in the Reformed Calendar in 1561. Enurchus was added in 1604. Their designations were added in 1662.

Remigius, Bishop, became bishop of Rheims in his 22nd year, about A.D. 472. On Christmas-Day, A.D. 496, he baptized Clovis, king of the Franks, and many Frank nobles. The Ampulla out of which he then anointed Clovis is preserved in his church at Rheims. Kings of France have been usually anointed out of it at their coronation. Remigius died A.D. 533.

Faith, Virgin and Martyr, was born of Christian parents at Agen, a city of Aquitaine, in Gaul. She suffered martyrdom about A.D. 290.

St Denys, Bishop and Martyr, was sent from Rome to Gaul, about A.D. 245. He fixed his See at Paris, where he remained till his martyrdom, about A.D. 273. He is the patron of France. He has been confounded with Dionysius the Areopagite. Edward, the Confessor, the last of the Anglo-Saxon kings, ascended the throne of England A.D. 1041. He died A.D. 1066, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. On Oct. 13th, A.D. 1163, his body was translated to its present shrine.

Etheldreda, Virgin, was daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles. She founded a nunnery at Ely, where she died and was buried A.D. 679. On Oct. 17, A.D. 695, her body was translated into the church by her sister Sexburga.

The festival of St Luke, Evangelist, is mentioned A.D. 484. See note on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1559.

Crispin, Martyr, a native of Rome and companion of St Denys (Oct. 9th), preached at Soissons, where he worked as a shoemaker. He was martyred A.D. 288.

The festival of St Simon and St Jude has been observed from the 11th century.

See note on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1559

Remigius, Faith, St Denys, Trans. of King Edward, Etheldreda and Crispin, were first noted in the reformed Calendar in 1561. The designations were added in 1662.

All Saints' Day was observed in the 8th century. See ncte on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1549.

The Special Service for Nov. 5 is no longer used.

Leonard, Confessor, born at Le Mans, in France, was converted by Remigius. He died, A.D. 559, at a monastery near Limoges, which had grown up under his rule. St Martin, Bishop, was born about A.D. 316. His youth was spent at Pavia, in Lombardy, where he served in the imperial army, and where he was converted. About A.D. 360 he founded a monastery near Poitiers, said to have been the first established in Gaul and soon after became Bishop of Tours. He died A.D. 397. Britius, Bishop, was a native of Tours, the pupil of St Martin, and his successor in the see of Tours. He was driven from Tours on a charge of incontinence. After a lapse of seven years, being cleared, he returned and resumed his bishopric, which he held for seven years in peace. He died A.D. 444. His festival was first ob

served about A.D. 474

Machutus, or Maclovius, Bishop, was born in Wales. He became bishop of Aleth in Brittany about A.D. 541. He died about A. D. 564. The see of Aleth was afterwards transferred to St Malo, a town named after him.

Hugh, Bishop, was born in Burgundy, A. D. 1140. About A.D. 1182 he came to England, at the request of Henry II., to take charge of the Carthusian monastery founded by the King at Witham, Somersetshire. In A.D. 1186 he became Bishop of Lincoln. He died A. D. 1200.

Edmund, King and Martyr, was born A.D. 841. At the age of 14 he ascended the throne of East Anglia. In A.D. 870 he was massacred by the Danes. His body was translated, A.D. 903, to Bedericsworthe, now Bury St Edmund's.

Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr, is believed to have been a Roman lady, who suffered A.D. 230. She is named in all the old martyrologies, and is commemorated in the Canon of the Roman Mass. She is regarded as the patroness of music.

Clement, Bishop and Martyr, the companion and fellow-labourer of St Paul, became Bishop of Rome about A.D. 93. He is supposed to have suffered under Trajan, A.D. 100. In A.D. 96 he addressed an epistle to the Church of Corinth, which is still extant. The only MS. of this Epistle known to exist is appended to the Codex Alexandrinus in the British Museum.

Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, suffered at Alexandria about A.D. 307. The Emperor Basil, in his Menology, says she was of royal descent and famed for her teaching.

The festival of St Andrew, Apostle, is probably as old as the middle of the 4th century. See note on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1559.

The name of Clement was first placed in the reformed Calendar in 1552. Leonard, St Martin, Britius, Machutus, Hugh, Edmund, Cecilia and Catherine, were added in 1561. Their designations were added in 1662.

Nicolas was Bishop of Myra, the capital of Lycia. He died A.D. 342. He is the patron of children, especially of school-boys. In dedications his name is often joined with St Mary's.

The feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary is said to have been of ancient date in the Eastern Church. It did not, however, become of universal observance in the Western till the 15th century. The Council of Oxford, A.D. 1222, left its observance optional.

Lucy, Virgin and Martyr, was of Syracuse. She suffered about A.D. 304.

O Sapientia. The name is derived from the Greater Antiphons to the Magnificat, commonly called the O's, anciently sung at Vespers in the English Church from this day till Christmas Eve.

The festival of St Thomas, Apostle, is mentioned in the 5th century. See note on Collect. The Proper Lessons were appointed in 1559.

The observance of Christmas-Day in the Western Church is most ancient. See note on Collect. The Lessons, appointed in 1549, were Is. ix. Is. vii. v. 10 to end, Mat. i. and Tit. iii. v. 4-9. Luke ii. to v. 15 was appointed in 1552. The First Lessons were shortened in 1662.

The festival of St Stephen, Martyr, has been celebrated from the 4th century. See note on Collect. The First Lessons were appointed in 1559, the Second in 1549. The festival of St John, Evangelist, has been celebrated from the 6th century. See note on Collect. The First Lessons were appointed in 1559, the Second in 1549. Innocents' Day has been observed from the 5th century. See note on Collect. The Morning First Lesson was appointed in 1549, the Evening in 1559. Sylvester, Bishop, was a native of Rome. He became Bishop of Rome A.D. 314. A church was dedicated in his name about the end of the fifth

He died A. D. 335. century.

Nicolas, Conception of B.V.M., Lucy, O Sapientia, and Sylvester, were first noted in the reformed Calendar in 1561. The designations were added in 1662,

OF THE TABLES AND RULES FOR FINDING EASTER-DAY,

BEFORE the change of style in England Easter-day was defined to be the first Sunday after the first full moon, which happens next after the one-andtwentieth day of March. In the case of the full moon happening on a Sunday Easter-Day was to be the Sunday after. The present rule is that laid down by the 24 Geo. II. cap. 23, A.D. 1751, when it was enacted that the day following the 2nd Sept. 1752 should be called the 14th Sept., and "that the said feast of Easter, or any of the moveable feasts thereon depending, shall, from and after the said second day of September [1752] be no longer kept or observed in that part of Great Britain called England, or in any other the dominions or countries subject or belonging to the crown of Great Britain, according to the said inode of supputation now used, or the said Table prefixed to the said Book of Common Prayer; and that the said Table and also the column of Golden Numbers, as they are now prefixed to the respective days of the month in the said Calendar, shall be left out of all future editions of the said Book of Common Prayer; and that the said new Calendar, Tables, and Rules, hereunto annexed, shall be prefixed to all such future editions of the said book, in the room and stead thereof."

OF THE

By the statute of 5 & 6 Edward VI. C. 3, all the days in this Table, except the days of the feasts of the Conversion of St Paul and of St Barnabas, which are not mentioned, are commanded to be kept Holy-days. The same statute enacts that none other day shall be kept and commanded to be kept holy, or to abstain from lawful bodily labour.

The different times, at which the observance of the feasts enumerated in the Table began, are given in the Calendar and in the notes on the Collects.

In the Unreformed Calendars there were many other Holy-days besides those enumerated in the Table. The observance of these was abrogated by the 5 & 6 Edward VI. before mentioned. In 1549 the only day named in the Calendar in addition to those mentioned in the last paragraph was St Mary Magdalene's. In 1552 this was omitted and four others were inserted,-St George, Lammas, St Laurence, and St Clement. In 1559 St Clement occurs alone in some editions. A Latin edition of the Prayer-book was put out in 1560, the Calendar of which gives a much larger number than is contained in our present Calendar, but omits Invention of the Cross, Trans. of K. Edward, Trans. of St Martin, Énur

The object of the Act, as stated in the preamble to it, was the fixing the true time of the celebration of Easter, so as the same shall agree, as nearly as may be, with the decree of the Nicene Coun cil and with the practice of foreign coun tries. This object was effected by the tables annexed to the Act, which were taken from the Gregorian Calendar. But the tables were inconsistent with the Rule which the Parliament added in explanation of them, and which now stands in our Prayer-book. The following points, concerning this apparent discrepancy, are established in a paper "On the Ecclesiastical Calendar," which Professor De Morgan contributed to the Companion to the British Almanack for 1845.

"I. The law which regulates Easter in Great Britain declares that whenever the full moon on or next after March 21 falls on a Sunday, that Sunday is not Easter Sunday, but the next: it also prescribes rules for determining Easter.

"2. In defiance of the precept, though in accordance with the rules, the Easter Sunday of 1845 is on the very day of the full moon next following March 21.

"3. One part of the reason of this is that the British Legislature misunderstood the definition of Easter, used in the rules which they adopted, thinking that

FEASTS.

chus, Holy-Cross Day, St Denys, Trans. of K. Edward the Confessor, and Lucy. An English Calendar was prefixed to the Prayer-book in 1561. It agrees with the present Calendar, except that it does not include Bede, St Alban, and Enurchus. The last of these three was first inserted in 1604, the other two in 1662. These blackletter days were restored to the Calendar, as Proctor remarks, "partly no doubt that the marks of time employed in courts of law might be understood, and that the old dates of parochial festivities and fairs might be retained; but partly with the higher object of perpetuating the memory of ancient Christian worthies, some of them connected, or supposed to be connected with the English Church, and thereby of evincing how that Church was still in spirit undissevered from the national Church of earlier years, from the brotherhood of Catholic Christianity." That those who put forth the Prayerbook of 1662 were actuated by this higher object is clear from their adding to the Calendar the names of Bede and Alban, and giving to all the persons commemorated their due designations.

A table of Feasts was first added in

1561.