there is always an ellipsis of the real element of comparison, which is a phrase-form (405).

408. Double comparatives should not be used. Though common in the age of Shakspeare, they are now considered highly inelegant.

409. Adjectives should not be compared grammatically, when they are incapable of comparison logically. Hence, such expressions as roundest, squarest, most perfect, most universal, should not be used.

EXERCISE 44.-Correct such examples as are faulty, and explain why. Analyze and parse.

1. The older of the two was sent to College. 2. The youngest of the two sisters is the handsomest. 3. Boston is larger than any city in New England. 4. This figure is a more perfect circle than that. 5. Solomon was the wisest of the ancient kings. 6. This table is the roundest of all. 7. That line should be more perpendicular. 8. "The Chaldee alphabet, in which the Old Testament has reached us, is more beautiful than any character known."― Wilson. 9. "The temple of Cholula was deemed more holy than any in New Spain."-Robertson. 10. Cebber grants it to be a better poem of its kind than was ever writ."Pope. "Of all other beings man has certainly the greatest reason for gratitude."-Nutting. 12. "This lady is the prettiest of all her sisters." Peyton. 13. "That was the qualification of all others most wanted at the time."- Goldsmith. 14. "Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children."-Bible. 15. "How much more are ye better than the fowls."-Ibid. 16. "The holy place of the tabernacle of the Most Highest."-Ibid. 17. "The English tongue is the most susceptible of sublime imagery of any language in the world."-Burke. 18. "Shakspeare is more faithful to the true language of nature than any writer."-Blair. "No writer in the world was ever so frugal of his words as Aristotle" (406).-Blair. 20. "No tongue is so full of connective particles as the Greek.”—Blair. 21. "Homer is universally allowed to have had the greatest invention of any writer whatever."

SEC. XVI.-USE OF RELATIVES.

19.

410. The relative who is applied only to persons or to animals or things personified; which to animals or things; as, "The

man who came."

"The bird which sings."

"The tree which I

planted." "The monkey who had been appointed orator." 411. The relative that is applied to both persons and things. In the following cases it is more appropriate than who or which. 1. After the superlative degree when a comparison is intended; as, "The best man that I ever saw" (407). "The wisest man that ever lived" (407). But, "A most faithful servant whom he had long possessed;" "His most trustworthy dog which he had had many years," because no comparison is intended.

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2. After the adjectives, same, very and all, and often after no, some and any; as, "The same man that I saw." The very person that you met." "The man that you saw before." 3. After the antecedent who; as, Who, that knows the facts, Iwould be in doubt."

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4. When the antecedent includes both persons and things; as, "The men and the things that we saw."

5. When the relative clauses express designation (See Part II); as, "The book that I had of you." But, "A book which has many beautiful pictures."

EXERCISE 45.-Correct where necessary, and explain why. Analyze and parse.

1. The best situation which he could obtain. 2. The same horse that we saw. 3. Solomon was the wisest king whom the world ever saw. 4. "Massillon is, perhaps, the most eloquent writer of sermors which modern times have produced.”—Blair. 5. "They are my servants which I brought forth out of the land of Egypt."-Bible. 6. This is the most useful art which men possess. 7. The earliest accounts which history gives of all nations. 8. Of all the congregations which I ever saw, this was the largest. 9. The little ants which had a plentiful store, thus spoke to the little cricket: "We ants never borrow, we ants never lend" (410). 10. Jacob loved Joseph more than all his children. 11. Nothing pleases me so much as natural scenery. 12. The roundest pebbles are found on the extremest part of the sand bar.

SEC. XVII.-THE PREDICATIVE TERM.

THE SIMPLE VERB FORM.

412. The verb agrees with its nominative in number and person (339, 350).

413. In infinitive and participial clauses the predicate has no grammatical connection or agreement with its subject (366). Mistakes can be made here only in the use of the verb to be,

and the singular present of other verbs.

EXERCISE 46. Correct such examples as are faulty, explain the grammatical principle violated, and analyze.

20.

1. A variety of pleasing objects charm the eye. 2. They captured many ships, besides what was surrendered. 3. The general gave such directions as was (122) necessary. 4. One of the houses was exceedingly large. 5. The audience were (344) much pleased. 6. The majority was favorably disposed. 7. The derivation of many words is uncertain. 8. The "Pleasures of Memory" were published in 1792. 9. Every hundred years constitute a century. 10. Ten times ten (342) makes a hundred. 11. Every kind of convenience and comfort are provided. 12. One half of them was cut off before the return of spring. 13. Have the legislature power to prohibit assemblies. 14. He asked where you was born. 15. Where is the man who dare (345) affirm this. 16. This letter is one of the best that has been written. 17. Ambition is one of those passions which are never satisfied. 18. The comeliness of youth are modesty and frankness. 19. Neither of those solutions is correct. The true meaning and etymology of some of our words is lost. 21. There is too much pomp and studied beauty in them. 22. It has often been asked what is the use of studying Latin and Greek. 23. The hue and cry of the country pursued him. 24. The philosopher and poet was banished. 25. Fair and softly goes far. 26. Little and often fill the purse. 27. Prior's Henry and Emma" contain another example. 28. Each worm and each insect is a marvel of creative power. 29. Wisdom and not wealth procure esteem. 30. Their religion as well as their customs and manners were strangely represented--(Bolingbroke). 31. Each day and each hour brings their portion of duty. 32. No law, no regulation, no restraint, are required to keep him in bounds. 33. Leonidas, the Spartan king, with his chosen band, were cut off to the last man- -(Kames). 34. The eloquence of Whitfield and Wesley was of a very different character. 35. The king, with the Lords and Commons, constitutes an excellent form of government. 36. There was an open and a secret passage. 37. Wisdom or folly govern us. 38. Neither the intellect nor

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the heart are capable of being driven. 39. Neither riches nor fame renders a man happy. 40. To do good or to get good are equally neglected by the foolish. 41. The ships and the cargo likewise were destroyed. 42. Neither you nor he are of age. 43. Congress consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. 44. The Council was not unanimous. 45. That able statesman, patriot and scholar have died. 46. To profess regard and to act differently marks a base man. 47. Whom did the judge think was worthy of death? 48. Whom did the people believe to be guilty? 49. To reveal secrets or to betray one's friends are contemptible perfidy. 50. To profess and to possess is not the same. 51. The works of nature are admirable. One of you have stolen my money. 53. To lay down rules is more easy than to keep them. 54. To use that endearing language, "Our Father who is in Heaven."

SEC. XVIII. THE PREDICATIVE TERM, (Con.) THE COMPLEMENTARY ELEMENT.

52.

41 4. A Substantive term, used as the complement of a verb (281), is put in the same case as the subject-form to which it refers; as, "Art thou he." "Thinks you to be him.” "It is "Who is he." "Whom think you

I." "Believes it to be me."

him to be." "I was thought to be he." "Who think you is she?" "Whom think you her to be?" "For him to be me is impossible." "It being he, we were comforted."

415. In Possessive Participial clauses the complementary substantive is put in that case, which the possessive form really represents, and which it would have had, but for the matter of ambiguity (369); as, "Its (=it nom.) being he surprised us." "We feared its (= it obj.) being him." "Am sure of his him (394)) not being me." "His (= he (366) ) not being I is certain." "I meant your (= you (378) ) being him." By his (=him (394)) becoming a Quaker (obj. case) Penn incurred his father's anger."

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=

416. The complementary substantive is regularly placed after the verb, as the subjective substantive is, before it. In interrogative sentences and clauses, and in some other constructions, the collocation is different; as, Am I a Jew." "Who is he?" "Tell WHO it is." "Is he a man." "The same THAT he always was." "FEET was I to the lame."

Grammatical mistakes can occur here only in the use of

the five inflected pronouns.

EXERCISE 47.-Correct where necessary, explain why, analyze and parse.

7. Understood

1. Supposed it was I. 2. Thought it to be he. 3. Am sure it was she. 4. The fact of its being he. 5. Who do they believe me to be. 6. Who do you think me to be. that it was her. 8. The man who you said it was. 9. Who does he hope to be. 10. Am sure it was him. 11. Am certain of its being he. 12. It was me that spoke. 13. Knew who it was, for it was she who we know was present yesterday. 14. Its being him surprised us. 15. Asked who we thought him to be. 16. Inquired who it was found to be. 17. Thought you to have been her. 18. Who did you think she was? 19. Whom did she say she was? 20. Was it me who you were angry with? 21. Who was she who you think was spoken of. 22. It was her whom I said I wrote to. 23. "It is not me you are in love with."—Addison. 24. "Know not whom they were."- -Milnes Grammar. 25. "Whom do men say that I the Son of man am." -Bible. 26. "Without ever dreaming it was him."-Life of Charles XII. 27. "The illiterate person whom he affected to be."-Montgomery.

29. "These are her garb, not her. They but express Her form, her semblance, her appropriate dress." Hannah More.

SEC. XIX.-PREDICATIVE TERM, (Con.)

MOOD FORMS.

417. The Indicative-form is used in statements of facts, what is assumed as fact, or what is certain to become a fact. "The soul is immortal." "If the soul is immortal it should be taken care of." "The soul will live after death.

418. The Subjunctive-form is used in statements of conceptions.

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1. In sentences and demonstrative clauses to express a wish (275); as, "O that he were wise." "I wish that he were wise' (not was).

2. In conjunctive clauses introduced by if, although, though, provided, except, unless, to express a condition or a concession in