Treatise on Basic Philosophy: Ontology II: A World of Systems

action activity amino acids animal artifacts assume atoms automata biochemical systems biocontrol biological biomolecules biopopulation biosystems biovalue black box bonds brain Bunge called cells characterized chemical system cohesion components composition concept concrete system control system cooperation coordinates cultural defined DEFINITION DNA molecules dualism dynamical economic emergent properties entities environment environmental equations equivalence relations evolution example free semigroup genetic hence holism human society hypothesis individual input integration interactions kind kinematical latter laws matrix mechanisms mental events mind mind-body problem molecular molecules Moreover morphogenesis mutation neurons notion nucleic acids occur ontology organism output particular philosophical physical plastic neural system political population possible POSTULATE production protein psychons reaction Remark represents self-assembly sensory system social groups social relations social structure social system sociosystems space species subset subsystems supersystem synthesis system composed theory things tion variable