6-7 EDWARD VII., A. 1907 Cheneys, Baronis Russel de Thornhaugh; et Baronis Howland de Streatham, Exercituum Nostrorum Locum tenentis Generalis, Privati Nostri Sigilli Custodis, Comitatuum Bedfordiæ et Devoniæ Locum tenentis, et Custodis Rotulorum, Nobilissimi Ordinis Nostri Periscelidis Equitis, et Legati Nostri Extraordinarii et Plenipotentiarii apud Bonum Fratrem Nostrum Regem Christianissimum plurimum confisi, Eundem nominavimus, fecimus constituimus, et ordinavimus, quemadmodum per præsentes, nominamus, facimus, constituimus et ordinamus, verum, certum, et indubitatum Ministrum, Commissarium, Deputatum, Procuratorem, et Plenipotentiarium Nostrum, dantes Eidem, omnem, et omnimodam Potestatem, Facultatem, Authoritatemque, necnon Mandatum generale, pariter ac speciale, (ita tamen ut generale speciali non deroget, nec è contrà) pro Nobis et Nostro Nomine, unà cum Legatis, Commissariis Deputatis, et Plenipotentiariis Principum quorum interesse poterit, sufficienti itidem Potestate atque Authoritate instructis, tam singulatim ac divisim, quam aggregatim ac conjunctim, congrediendi et colloquendi, atque cum Ipsis de Pace firmâ et stabili, sincerâque Amicitiâ et Concordiâ, quantocius restituendis, conveniendi, tractandi, consulendi, et concludendi, idque omne quod ita conventum et conclusum fuerit, pro Nobis, et Nostro Nomine, subsignandi, atque Tractatum, Tractatusve, super ita conventis et conclusis, conficiendi, omniaque alia quæ ad Opus supra dictum feliciter exequendum pertinent, transigendi, tam amplis Modo et Formâ, ac Vi, Effectuque pari, ac Nos, si interessemus, facere, et præstare possemus ; Spondentes, et in Verbo Regio promittentes, Nos omnia et singula quæcunque à dicto Nostro Plenipotentiario transigi et concludi contigerit, gratum, ratum, et acceptum, omni meliori Modo, habituros, neque passuros unqam, ut in toto, vel in Parte, à quopiam violentur, aut ut eis in contrarium eatur. In quorum omnium majorem Fidem et Robur Præsentibus, Manu Nostrâ Regiâ signatis, Magnum Nostrum Magnæ Britanniæ Sigillum appendi fecimus. Quæ dabantur in Palatio Nostro Divi Jacobi Die Duodecimo Mensis Novembris Anno Domini Millesimo Septengentesimo Sexagesimo Secundo, Regnique Nostri Tertio.

Louis, par la Grace de Dieu, Roi de france et de Navarre. à tous ceux qui ces presentes Lettres verront, Salut. comme les Preliminaires signés à fontainebleau le troisieme novembre de l'année derniere, ont posé les fondemens de la Paix retablie entre nous et notre Très cher et très amè bon frere et Cousin le Roi d'Espagne d'une part, et notre Très cher et très amè bon frere le Roy de la Grande Bretagne, et notre Très cher et très amè bon frere et Cousin le Roi de Portugal de l'autre, nous n'avons eû rien plus à cœur depuis cette heureuse époque, que de consolider et affermir de la façon la plus durable un si salutaire et si important ouvrage par un Traité solemnel et definitif entre nous et les dittes Puissances. Pour ces causes et autres bonnes considerations à ce nous mouvans, nous confiant entierement en la capacité et experience, zêle et fidelité pour notre service de notre Très cher et bien amè Cousin Cesar Gabriel de Choiseul, Duc de Praslin, Pair de france, Chevalier de nos Ordres, Lieutenant General de nos Armées et de la Province de Bretagne, Conseiller en tous nos Conseils, Ministre et Secretaire d'Etat et de nos Commandemens et finances, nous l'avons nommé Commis et deputé et par ces presentes signées de notre main, le nommons, commettons et députons notre Ministre Plenipotentiaire, lui donnant plein et absolu pouvoir d'agir en cette qualité et de conferer, negotier, Traiter et convenir conjointement, avec le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de notre Très cher et Très Amè bon frere le Roi de la Grande Bretagne, le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de notre Très cher et très Amè bon frere et cousin le Roi d'Espagne et le Ministre Plenipotentiaire de notre Très cher et très Amè bon frere et Cousin le Roi de Portugal, revêtus de Pleinpouvoirs en bonne forme, arrêter conclure et signer tels articles, conditions, conventions, declarations, Traité définitif, accessions et autres actes quelconques qu'Il Jugera convenables pour assûrer et affermir le grand ouvrage de la Paix; le tout avec la même liberté et autorité que nous pourrions faire nous mêmes, si nous y etions presens en personne, encore qu'il yeût quelque chose qui requit un mandement plus special qu'il n'est contenu dans ces presentes; Promettant en foi et parole de Roy, d'avoir agréable, tenir ferme et stable à Toujours, accomplir et executer ponctuellement tout ce que notre dit Cousin le Duc de Praslin aura stipulé, promis et signé en vertu du present pleinpouvoir sans jamais y contrevenir, ni permettre

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 18

qu'il y Soit contrevenu pour quelque cause et sous quelque pretexte que ce puisse être, comme aussi d'en faire expedier nos Lettres de ratifications en bonne forme et de les faire delivrer pour être echangées dans le têms dont il Sera convenu. Car tel est notre Plaisir. En temoin de quoi nous avons fait mettre notre scel à ces presentes. Donné à Versailles le Septieme jour du mois de fevrier l'an de grace mille sept cent soixante trois et de notre Regne le quarante huitieme, signé Louis et sur le repli, Par le Roi, le Duc de Choiseul. Scellé du grand sceau de cire jaune,.

Don Carlos, por la Gracia de Dios, Rey de Castilla, de Leon, de Aragon, de las dos Sicilias, de Jerusalem, de Navarra, de Granada, de Toledo, de Valencia, de Galicia, de Mallorca, de Sevilla, de Cerdêna, de Cordova, de Corcega, de Murcia, de Jaen, de los Algarbes, de Algecira, de Gibraltar, de las Islas de Canaria, de las Indias Orientales y Occidentales, Islas y Tierra firme del Mar Oceano; Archiduque de Austria; Duque de Borgona, de Brabante, y Milan; Conde de Abspurg, de Flandes, del Tirol y Barcelona; Senor de Vizcaya, y de Molina &ca: Por quanto haviendose, concluido y firmado en el Real sitio de Fontainebleau el Dia tres de Noviembre del presente Anô, y cangeadose las respectivas Ratificaciones el veinte y dos del mismo mes por Ministros autorizados ã este Fin, los Preliminares de una Paz solida y duradera entre esta Corona, y la de Francia de una Parte, la de Inglaterra y la de Portugal de Otra; en los quales se promete venir luego á un tratado Definitivo, estableciendo y arreglando los Puntos Capitales sobre que ha de girar; y respecto à que del mismo modo que concedi mi Plenopoder para tratar, ajustar, y firmar los mencionados Preliminares à vos Don Geronimo Grimaldi, Marques de Grimaldi, Caballero de la Orden de Santi Spiritus, mi Gentil-hombre de Camara con Ejercicio, y mi Embajador Extraordinario al Rey Christianissimo, Se necessita que a Vos, ú á otro le conceda para tratar, ajsustar, y firmar el mencionado prometido tratado Definitivo de Paz: Por tanto estando vos el citado Don Geronimo Grimaldi, Marques de Grimaldi en el parage necessario y teniendo yo cada dia mas Motivos para fiaros esta, y otras tales Importancias de mi Corona, por vuestra acrisolada Fidelidad y zelo, Capacidad y Prudencia; he venido en constituiros mi Ministro Plenipotentiario y en concederos todo mi Plenopoder para que en mi Nombre y representando mi propria Persona, Trateis, Arregleis, convengais y firmeis dicho tratado Definitivo de Paz, entre mi Corona y la de Francia de una Parte, la de Inglaterra y la de Portugal de Otra, con los Ministros que estuvieren autorizados igual y especialmente por sus respectivos Soberanos ad mismo Fin: dando, como doi des de ahora por grato y rato todo lo que assi Trateis Concluyais y firmeis; y ofreciendo baso mi palabra Real que lo observaré y cumpliré, lo haré observar y cumplir como si por mi mismo lo huviesse tratado, concludo, y firmado. En fe de lo qual hize expedir el presente firmado de mi Mano, sellado con mi Sello secreto, y refrendado de mi infrascrito Consejero de Estado, y mi Primer Secretario del Despacho de Estado y de la Guerra. En Buen Retiro à Diez de Deciembre de mil setecientos Sesenta y dos.

endorsed Definitive Treaty, and Three Separate Articles, between His Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the Catholick King. dated Paris Feb

10th 1763.

18-3-61

6-7 EDWARD VII.. A. 1907

(Translation.)1

The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship between his Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain. Concluded at Paris the 10th day of February, 1763. To which the King of Portugal acceded on the same day. (Printed from the Copy.)

In the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. So be it.

Be it known to all those whom it shall, or may, in any manner, belong,

It has pleased the Most High to diffuse the spirit of union and concord among the Princes, whose divisions had spread troubles in the four parts of the world, and to inspire them with the inclination to cause the comforts of peace to succeed to the misfortunes of a long and bloody war, which having arisen between England and France during the reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Second, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued under the reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third, his successor, and, in its progress, communicated itself to Spain and Portugal: Conse quently, the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire; the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Lewis the Fifteenth, by the grace of God, Most Christian King and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Charles the Third, by the grace of God, King of Spain and of the Indies, after having laid the foundations of peace in the preliminaries signed at Fontainbleau the third of November last; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Don Joseph the First, by the grace of God, King of Portuga and of the Algarves, after having acceded thereto, determined to compleat, without delay, this great and important work. For this purpose, the high contracting parties have named and appointed their respective Ambassadors Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, viz. his Sacred Majesty the King of Great Britain, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, John Duke and Earl of Bedford, Marquis of Tavistock, &c. his Minister of State, Lieutenant General of his Armies, Keeper of his Privy Seal, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Christian King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Cæsar Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of his Orders, Lieutenant General of his Armies and of the province of Britanny, Counsellor of all his Counsils, and Minister and Secretary of State, and of his Commands and Finances; his Sacred Majesty the Catholick King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, Knight of the Most Christian King's Orders, Gentleman of his Catholick Majesty's Bedchamber in Employment, and his Ambassador Extraordinary to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Faithful King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Martin de Mello and Castro, Knight professed of the Order of Christ, of his Most Faithful Majesty's Council, and his Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty.

Who, after having duly communicated to each other their full powers, in good form, copies whereof are transcribed at the end of the present treaty of peace, have agreed upon the articles, the tenor of which is as follows:

Article I. There shall be a Christian, universal, and perpetual peace, as well by sea as by land, and a sincere and constant friendship shall be re established between their Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties, and between their heirs and successors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, subjects, and

1 The English version of the Treaty of 1763 is taken from the Collection of Treaties compiled by the Hon. Charles Jenkinson, afterwards Lord Liverpool, and which appeared under the following title:-"A Collection of all the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce, Between Great-Britain and other Powers From the Treaty signed at Munster in 1648, to the Treaties signed at Paris in 1783. By the Right Hon Charles Jenkinson. In three Volumes." The Treaty of 1763 is contained in Vol. III, pp. 177-197.

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 18

vassals, of what quality or condition soever they be, without exception of places or of persons: So that the high contracting parties shall give the greatest attention to maintain between themselves and their said dominions and subjects this reciprocal friendship and correspondence, without permitting, on either side, any kind of hostilities, by sea or by land, to be committed from henceforth, for any cause, or under any pretence whatsoever, and every thing shall be carefully avoided which might hereafter prejudice the union happily re-established, applying themselves, on the contrary, on every ccasion, to procure for each other whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interests, and advantages, without giving any assistance or protection, directly or indirectly, to those who would cause any prejudice to either of the high contracting parties there shall be a general oblivion of every thing that may have been done or committed before or since the commencement of the war which is just ended.

II. The treaties of Westphalia of 1648; those of Madrid between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1667, and 1670; the treaties of peace of Nimeguen of 1678, and 1679; of Ryswick of 1697; those of peace and of commerce of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; the treaty of the triple alliance of the Hague of 1717 that of the quadruple alliance of London of 1718; the treaty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitive treaty of Aix la Chapelle of 1748; and that of Madrid, between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1750 as well as the treaties between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal of the 13th of February, 1668; of the 6th of February, 1715; and of the 12th of February, 1761; and that of the 11th of April, 1713, between France and Portugal with the guaranties of Great Britain, serve as a basis and foundation to the peace, and to the present treaty and for this purpose they are all renewed and confirmed in the best form, as well as all the general, which subsisted between the high contracting parties before the war, as if they were inserted here word for word, so that they are to be exactly observed, for the future, in their whole tenor, and religiously executed on all sides, in all their points, which shall not be derogated from by the present treaty, notwithstanding all that may have been stipulated to the contrary by any of the high contracting parties and all the said parties declare, that they will not suffer any privilege, favour, or indulgence to subsist, contrary to the treaties above confirmed, except what shall have been agreed and stipulated by the present treaty.

III. All the prisoners made, on all sides, as well by land as by sea, and the hostages carried away or given during the war, and to this day, shall be restored, without ransom, six weeks, at least, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty, each crown respectively paying the advances which shall have been made for the subsistance and maintenance of their prisoners by the Sovereign of the country where they shall have been detained, according to the attested receipts and estimates and other authentic vouchers which shall be furnished on one side and the other. And securities shall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prisoners shall have contracted in the countries where they have been detained until their entire liberty. And all the ships of war and merchant vessels which shall have been taken since the expiration of the terms agreed upon for the cessation of hostilities by sea shall likewise be restored, bona fide, with all their crews and cargoes and the execution of this article shall be proceeded upon immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty.

IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to, the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction, and without

6-7 EDWARD VII., A. 1907

any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholick subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

V. The subjects of France shall have the liberty of fishing and drying on a part of the coasts of the island of Newfoundland, such as it is specified in the XIIIth article of the treaty of Utrecht; which article is renewed and confirmed by the present treaty, (except what relates to the island of Cape Breton, as well as to the other islands and coasts in the mouth and in the gulph of St. Lawrence :) And his Britannick Majesty consents to leave to the subjects of the Most Christian King the liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on condition that the subjects of France do not exercise the said fishery but at the distance of three leagues from all the coasts belonging to Great Britain, as well those of the continent as those of the islands situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as to what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the island of Cape Breton, out of the said gulph, the subjects of the Most Christian King shall not be permitted to exercise the said fishery but at the distance of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island of Cape Breton; and the fishery on the coasts of Nova Scotia or Acadia, and every where else out of the said gulph, shall remain on the foot of former treaties.

VI. The King of Great Britain cedes the islands of St. Pierre and Macquelon, in full right, to his Most Christian Majesty, to serve as a shelter to the French fishermen ; and his said Most Christian Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands; to erect no buildings upon them but merely for the conveniency of the fishery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men only for the police.

VII. In order to re-establish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove for ever all subject of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines be tween the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Potchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by this article.

VIII. The King of Great Britain shall restore to France the islands of Guadaloupe, of Mariegalante, of Desirade, of Martinico, and of Belleisle; and the fortresses of these slands shall be restored in the same condition they were in when they were