MEMOIR OF THE RIGHT HON. HARRIET, COUNTESS OF GUILFORD, 187 land, and progenitor to the late Earls of Warwick and Holland) and widow of Sir Henry Dudley, son of John, Duke of Northumberland, he had two sons, John and Henry, and a daughter. He was succeeded by his grandson, Dudley, third Lord North, eldest son of Sir John North, who had died in his father's life-time. In 1645, he was nominated by both Houses of Parliament with the Earls of Northumberland, Essex, Warwick, and others, to manage the affairs of the Admiralty. "He was a person full of spirit and flame; yet after he had consumed the greatest part of his estate in the gallantries of King James's court, or rather his son, Prince Henry's, retired, and lived more honourably in the country upon what was left than ever he had done before."* Dying in 1666, at the age of 85, he was succeeded by his son and heir, Dudley, fourth Lord North. This nobleman had been made K.B. as early as the year 1616, at the creation of Charles, Prince of Wales, and he had stood as the eldest son of a Peer, on state occasions, in the House of Lords, at the age of 63. He was, we are told, "an eminent instance of duty to his father, before whom he would not put on his hat, or sit down, unless enjoined to do it." He served in the army, sat in several Parliaments, and was the author of some political and religious tracts. By his lady, Anne, daughter of Sir Charles Montagu, brother of Henry, Earl of Manchester, he had a family of fourteen children. Dying in 1677, he was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, fifth Lord North; who, having married Catherine, daughter of William, Lord Grey, of Wark, and widow of Sir Edward Moseley, Bart., had been, during the life-time of his father, called to Parliament, by a special writ of summons (1673) by the title of Lord Grey, of Rolleston, in the county of Stafford. His eldest son, William, sixth Lord North, and Lord Grey, Lord Lieutenant of the county of || Cambridge, Governor of Portsmouth, Lieutenant General of Her Majesty's Forces, a Privy Councillor, &c. served under the Duke of Marlborough; and, at the battle of Blenheim, he had He • Fide Roger North's life of his brother, Lord Keeper Guilford. Pref. III. his right hand shot off. Dying without issue, in 1734, the title of Lord Grey, of Rolleston, became extinct, and that of Lord North devolved on his cousin, Francis, third Baron Guilford, seventh Lord North, and first Earl of Guilford." His Lordship's mother, was Alice, second daughter and coheir of Sir John Brownlow, of Belton, in the county of Lincoln, Bart., by the coheir of George Brydges, Lord Chandos.-This nobleman was chosen M.P. for Banbury, in Oxfordshire, in the first Parliament of George II., and, after succeeding his father, he was, in 1730, appointed one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to his Royal Highness, Frederick, Prince of Wales. On the 17th of June, 1750, being then one of the Lords of the Bedchamber to the Prince, he stood proxy at the baptism of his Royal Highness's fifth son, Frederick William, for his Serene Highness Prince William of Saxe Gotha. In the same year, he was appointed Governor to the late King. In consideration of his Lordship's eminent services, and of the nobility of his descent, His Majesty, George II., was pleased to advance him to the dignity of an Earl of Great Britain, by the style and title of Earl of Guilford, by letters patent, bearing date April 8, 1752. In 1773, he was appointed Treasurer and Receiver General to Her Majesty. His Lordship married, first, in 1728, Lady Lucy, daughter of George Montagu, Earl of Halifax; secondly, in 1735-6, Elizabeth, relict of George, Viscount Lewisham, eldest son of William, Earl of Dartmouth, and only daughter of Sir Arthur Kaye, of Woodsome, in the County of York, Bart.; thirdly, in 1751, Anne, relict of Lewis Watson, Earl of Rockingham, and daughter and co-heir of Sir Robert Furnese, of Waldershare, in the County of Kent., Bart. He died in 1790, at the age of 86, and was succeeded by his only son by his first marriage, Frederick, second Earl of Guilford. This nobleman, better known as Lord North, His grandfather, second son of Dudley, fourth Lord North, was successively Solicitor and Attorney General, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Lord Keeper. On the 27th of September, 1683, he was created Baron Guilford. He died in 1685, leaving issue by his wife, Frances, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Pope, Earl of Downe, a son and heir, Francis, second Lord Guilford, who died in 1729, and was suc ceeded by his son Francis, abovementioned. Ionian Islands, Joint Chamberlain of the Exchequer Rolls' Court, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. His Lordship, having been some time in a declining state of health, died unmarried on the 14th of October, 1827, and was succeeded by his cousin, a statesman, whose name is eminently and St. George, High Steward of Banconspicuous in the annals of his country, || bury, Chancellor of the University of the was born on the 13th of April, 1732. He was returned M.P. for Banbury, at the general elections in 1754, 1761, 1768, 1774, 1780, and 1784. In 1759, he was declared one of the Commissioners of the Treasury-in 1766, he was appointed Joint Receiver and Pay-Master of the The Rev. Francis North, sixth and Forces, and sworn of the Privy Council-present Earl of Guilford. His Lordship in 1767, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is the son of the Hon. and Rev. Brownand a Lord of the Treasury-in 1770, || low North, late Bishop of Winchester.— First Lord Commissioner of the Treasury The second wife of Francis, first Earl of -in 1771, Ranger and Warder of Bushey Guilford, was, as already stated, the Park-in 1772, one of the Knights of the daughter of Sir Arthur Kaye, and relict Most Noble Order of the Garter-in the of Viscount Lewisham. By that lady, same year, Chancellor of the University his Lordship had three children, who died of Oxford-in 1776, F.S.A.-His Lord- infants; a daughter, Louisa, married, in ship was also Lord Lieutenant and Custos 1761, to John, Lord Willoughby de Rotulorum of the County of Somerset, Broke; and a son, Brownlow, the father Recorder of Gloucester and Taunton, one of the present Earl.-The Hon. Brownof the Elder Brethren of the Trinity low North was born on the 17th of July, House, President of the Foundling Hos- 1741. Having been educated for the pital and of the Asylum, and Governor of Church, he obtained rapid preferment: the Turkey Company and of the Charter he was consecrated Bishop of Lichfield House. In March, 1782, he resigned the in 1771, translated to the see of Worreins of government, which he had held cester in 1774, and to that of Winchester for twelve years. It was in 1783 that in 1781. He died on the 12th of July, his Lordship formed his memorable coa- 1820; having married, on the 17th of lition with Mr. Fox. Surviving his father January, 1771, Henrietta Maria, daughter only two years, he died in 1792. His and co-heir of John Bannister, Esq., by eldest son and successor, by Anne, whom (who died on the 19th of Nodaughter and co-heir of George Speke, ||vember, 1796) he had issue:— of White Lackington, in the county of Somerset, Esq., was George Augustus, third Earl of Guilford. His Lordship married, first, in 1785, Maria Frances Mary, daughter of George, third Earl of Buckinghamshire; by whom (who died in 1794) he had a daughter, Maria, married to John Crichton Stuart, present Marquess of Bute. The Earl married, secondly, Susan, daughter of Thomas Coutts, Esq., by whom he had two daughters, Susan and Georgiana. Dying without male issue, in 1802, the barony of North, being a barony in fee, fell into abeyance amongst his three daughters; and, in his other titles, he was succeeded by his next brother, Francis, fourth Earl of Guilford. His Lordship died without issue, in 1817, and was succeeded by his next and only surviving brother, Frederick, fifth Earl of Guilford, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael 1. Henrietta, born in 1771, married, in 1797, the Rev. William Garnier, M.A., Prebendary of Winchester, and Rector of Droxford;-2. Francis, present Earl of Guilford, M.A., and Master of St. Cross Hospital ;-3. Louisa, born in 1774, died in 1820;-4. Lucy, born in 1775;-5. Elizabeth, born in 1776, married, in 1802, the Walsingham, Archdeacon of Surrey, Prebendary of Hon. and Rev. Thomas de Grey, second son of Lord Winchester, and Rector of Fawley and Calbourne, in the County of Hants. ;-6. Brownlow, born in 1778;-7. Charles Augustus, Prebendary of Winchester, and Reetor of Alverstoke and Havant, in the County of Hants., married, in 1808, Rachael, second daughter of Thomas Jarvis, of Laverstoke House, in the County of Hants. Esq. The present Earl of Guilford was born on the 19th of December, 1772. He married, first, on the 20th of February, 1798, Esther, daughter of the Rev. John Harrison. That lady died on the 10th of August, 1823. On the 4th of May, 1826, his Lordship married, secondly, Harriet, daughter of Lieutenant General Sir Henry Warde, K.C.B., Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Island of Barbados, the lady whose Portrait is here presented. FAIRY MYTHOLO G Y.—No. II.* THE Icelanders believe in the existence of a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains; resembling, in some respects, human beings; and in whom many of the fairy attributes are to be recognised. These beings were, by the popular creed, reduced nearly to the class of mortals; and an intercourse between them and the Icelanders is said to have been frequently carried on. The traditions of the Laps, who inhabit the dreary region of Finland, are similar to those of the Icelanders, as to the qualities of the fairies, but not as to their abodes; the Lapland fairies being a subterraneous people, inhabiting the recesses of the earth. The superstitions of the inhabitants of the isle of Feroe, and of the Gothic and Finnish tribes generally, assimilate to those of Iceland. All these traditions concur in representing the imaginary beings as endowed with supernatural wisdom and prescience; and as excelling in the mechanic arts, particularly in the manufacture of arms, which they made of such an admirable temperature, that their swords would cleave solid rocks, beside being endowed with miraculous powers, such as making the wearers constantly victorious, &c. They are also described "as capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated." Such were the elves or dwergars, of Scandinavia ; from whom the Froddenskemen, or subterraneous spirits of the Feroe isles, were derived. || The latter were supposed to steal infants, and even adults; though with respect to this there is a contrariety of opinion; for, according to some traditions of the ancient Gothic nations, the abstraction of children seems to have been rather ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the berg-elfin, or dwergar. Gervase of Tilbury, in the Otio Imperialia, mentions "certain hags, or lamia, whose practice it was to enter into houses in the night-time, to oppress the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and carry off their children." He likewise mentions the Draca, a sort of water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the • Vide page 101. No. 41.-Fol. VII. || recesses which they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings or cups. The women, thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are permitted to revisit the earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular, “who had been allured, by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her, while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses, which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she had acquired the faculty of seeing the draca, when they intermingled themselves with Of this power, she was, however, deprived by the touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she one day incautiously addressed." men. 石油 "The Samogitæ, a people formerly inhabiting the shores of the Baltic, and who remained idolators so late as the fifteenth century, believed in the existence of a sort of demi-fairies, about a palm high, with beards, whom they call Kaukie. To these little beings they made an offering of all kinds of food to avert their displeasure. They likewise invoked a deity called Pretscet, to send them the Bontaccae to live with them, and make them fortunate. To effect this, they placed every night in the barn a table covered with bread, butter, cheese, and ale; and if these were taken away before morning, they looked for good fortune, but if left, for nothing but ill luck."+ In Denmark the Nis answers to the Scottish brownie, and the Irish Cluricaune, which will be hereafter described. The following is a Frisian superstition, related by Schott, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen. "In the time of the Emperor Lotharius, in 830, many spectres infested Friesland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients, which the moderns denominate witte wiven, who inhabited a subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner without human art, on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise benighted travellers, shepherds watching their flocks and herds, and women newly delivered, with their children; || and convey them into their caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed."* Daunsed full oft in many a grene mede, This was the old opinion as I rede."* But, whether the Britons believed in them or not, "our Saxon ancestors,” as Dr. Percy observes, "long before they left their German forests, believed in the existence of a kind of diminutive demons, or middle species, between men and spirits, whom they called Dwergar, or Dwarfs, and to whom they attributed many wonderful performances, far exceeding human art." From hence, and from the traditions of the north, which have already been enumerated, was the fairy mythology of Britain derived; and, undoubtedly it existed in this country long before the days of Canute, when fairies are mentioned in a song of Sigvatur, who accompanied that prince to England as his favourite bard. "Sigvatur describes himself as warned away from a cottage by its housewife, who, sitting at its threshold, vehemently forbids his approach, as she was preparing a propitiatory banquet of blood for the fairies, with the view of driving the war-wolf from her doors. The word in the original here used for the fairies, is Alfa, Elves, a designation," says Dr. Drake, from whom I quote, "which we find in the Edda, applied generically to the whole tribe, however distinct in their functions or mode of existence." On this name, Elves, Sir Walter Scott remarks, It is now time to advert to the fairies of that "it is of Gothic origin, and probably our own merry island. Bekker details the same superstition.+ But, in time, most writers confounded the hags with the fairies, and attributed the abstraction of children to the latter. In Germany, however, we recognise in the superstitions respecting the Erl-King, and the Water-King, the ancient traditions of the Wald-Elven and the Draca. In two of Monk Lewis's well-known beautiful ballads, some of those qualities of the Water and Erl Kings, which made them objects of dread to the superstitious people who believed in their existence, are happily exemplified. The belief in fairies has existed in England for ages. I have already observed, that some writers have endeavoured to trace it to the traditions derived from the Druidical superstitions; and it is certain, that the existence of fairies and goblins is alluded to by the most ancient British bards, who mention them under various names, one of the most common of which signifies "The Spirits of the Mountains." In the days of Chaucer, popular belief carried them back to the time when Arthur reigned in the isle. "In old dayes of the King Artour, Of which that Bretons speken gret honour, • Physica Curiosa, page 362. + World Bewitch'd, page 196. English Translation. signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons had not only dun-elfin, berg-elfin, and munt-elfin, spirits of the downs, hills, and mountains; but also feld-elfin, wudu-elfin, sae-elfin, and waterelfin; spirits, of the fields, of the woods, of the sea, and of the waters." The name fairy, which some derive from the fairness of their complexion, others from fae or fay, which they again, by a curious etymology, derive from Nympha, the same writer thinks is obtained from the Persian Peri ; but it has been observed, that the resemblance between the two words is probably accidental; "for Fairy, which may be derived from fair, was an integral part of our language, before there was any intercourse between England and the East; and the term Peri was never adopted by See Chalmers's Edition of the British Poets, vol. i. page 51, col. 1. the Arabs, through whom, alone, the learning of Asia found its way into Europe in the dark ages.' "'* In the low German, we find the same diversity of names for these supernatural beings as was common amongst the Saxons. Thus, they termed the night-hags-a species of fairy"aluinnen and aluen, which is sometimes latinized eluæ. But the prototype of the English elf," says Sir Walter Scott, "is to be sought chiefly in the berg-elfin, or dwergar of the Scandinavians ;" and originally, the elves appear to have been distinct from the fairies: they were the malignant, whilst the fairies were the good spirits: but an amalgamation of the traditions of the East, and of those of classical mythology, with the superstitions of Scandinavia, have occasioned all the diminutive inhabitants of mountain and of dell, of earth and of air, to be classed under the name of fairies; of which elves, goblins, and hobgoblins, &c., are considered only as particular classes. The different properties of these supposed supernatural beings, derived from the sources we have mentioned, varies; and, in some sort, opposite, as they were, were delightfully harmonized in the popular superstitions of England, relative to the "tiny elves" of fairy-land; which, as the learned Doctor Percy observes, were reduced "to a kind of system, as regular, and perhaps more consistent, than many parts of classic mythology;" a proof of " their extensive influence and vast antiquity." As, however, in England, the fairy system, since the sixteenth century, has received modifications which render it essentially different from the opinions which are held in the northern parts of the island-although, previous to that era, the mythology of Scotland derived from the same source, presented the same features-I Encyclopædia Metropolitana. Art. Fairy. + Skinner derives the term Fairy from the Anglo-Saxon fanan, to go, to travel; and Ruddiman "thinks that they derived their name, q. fair folk, pulchri homines; or, q. faring folk, homines vagantes et peregrinantes. The first supposition receives confirmation, as Dr. Jamieson thinks, from the circumstance, that another class of genii have been called Brownies, most probably from their supposed swarthy complexion.”—Encyclopædia Metropolitana. Art. Fairy. Glossary to Gawain Douglas. shall describe the fairies of the latter country in the first place, leaving for awhile the consideration of those of England, which possess many amiable qualities to entitle them to our regard. The fairies of Scotland, like those of Scandinavia, were of two kinds, the fair and the swart; but both were prone to evil, and were, therefore, analogous to the Iller Norner, rather than to the Godar Norner of that country. They were described as a diminutive race, capricious in their dispositions, and mischievous in their resentment. The Gallic, Highland, or Scoti-Irish fairies, were called, in the Highland dialect, Sleagh Maith, or the Good People; and Daoine Shie, or Men of Peace: yet they were but peevish and envious beings: they had no discernible || religion, nor love or devotion to God, and disappeared whenever they heard his name, or that of the Saviour, invoked; being for that time incapacitated from acting aught of good or harm. They were mortal; 66 not subject to sore sicknesses; but dwindled and decayed at a certain period, all about one age." Their apparel was the tartan of the country; their weapons were of stone, shaped like a || barbed arrow-head, and flung like a dart with great force. They are said to have had "somewhat of the nature of thunderbolt subtilty, mortally wounding the parts, without breaking the skin," and being particularly fatal to cattle. Thus Collins, in his Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland, says→→→ "There every herd, by sad experience knows, How, wing'd with fate, their elf-shot arrows fly, |