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perceived by that General. The conjunction of this Prince with the Duke of Marlborough was generally known; and Marfhal de Villeroy might have waked from his Inactivity, and forced the lines, which were only guarded by an inconfiderable body of militia; and might afterwards have advanced with his army through the duchy of Wirtemberg to the Neckar, which would have rendered the Allies incapable of preferving their communication with the Lower Neckar for the fecurity of the provifions which were conveyed to Norlingen, from the Rhine and the Mein. And thus would this fingle motion have limited the supply of the provifions of the Allies to Nuremberg, and, confequently, they could never think it fafe to be remote from that city.

Marthal de Villeroy might even have compelled the Allies to retire, in part, to the Rhine, and leave the Elector of Bavaria to act with freedom in the heart of Germany, if that General had forced the lines of Biel, and then marched his army down the Rhine near Philipfburg. For this motion alone would have obliged the enemy to feparate, in in order to protect Philipburg and the Lower Neckar. This march might likewife have been effected without the leaft danger, becaufe, when the lines had been once forced, Marthal de Villeroy might have thrown a bridge over the Rhine, in cafe the Allies had approached him with all their forces; and, if they had attempted that motion, they would have abandoned Auftria, and even the city of Vienna, to the Elector of Bavaria.

These were the errors committed, with refpect to the general state of the war in Germany; the rest related to the particular difpofition and order of battle, and were as follow :

1. The French and Bavarians incamped their two armies, as if they were to engage separately.

2. They difpofed them on the day of battle in the order of their incampment, and only in the front of the camp.

3. They did not chufe their field of battle fo near the rivulet as would have prevented the Allies from paffing it, and not have left them a fufficient extent of ground to form their troops between the rivulet and the front of the French line

4. They neglected to advance their right and center upon the Allies, when they faw they had paffed the rivulet, and formed them felves on the front of the French.

5. They had not the precaution to take a ftrict view of the rivulet, when they arrived at their camp; and were fo inconfiderate as

not to poft a body of infantry along the bank for the fecurity of their camp, and to gain intelligence of the motions of the Allies.

6. They were fo injudicious, as to form their center of battle out of the right and left wings of their two armies, inftead of providing a formidable center of infantry

7. They fhut up the greatest and best part of Marthal de Tallard's infantry in the village of Blenheim, where they were pofted without the leaft order, and rendered incapable of forming any motion; and they had not even the leaft precaution to fecure a communication from one brigade or regiment to another.

8. They did not furvey the ground, which extended from their right to the rivulét and the Danube; and they posted dragoons there inftead of infantry.

9. When they arrived at their camp, they neglected to detach a body of cavalry, beyond the left of thefr armies, to obferve the fituation of the camp of the Allies, which they were unacquainted with to fuch a degree, as not to know that Prince Eugene had joined the Duke of Marlborough with his army; and they imagined, that the Prince of Baden was engaged with a confiderable body of troops at the fiege of Ingoldstadt.

10. After the first disorder in their grand center of cavalry, and after they had shrunk from their ground, till they formed a confufed line with the infantry, who were embarraffed in the village of Blenheim, the Elector of Bavaria's army did not close on their right, to form an attack in flank upon the enemy, who had advanced beyond the interval of ground that extended between the two villages. Had they difpofed themselves into this motion, they might either have fuftained, or drawn off the French infantry from Blenheim, and have given their cavalry, who had been disordered by the fire of the enemy's foot, an opportunity of rallying in order of battle. But, inftead of this obvious motion, that whole army was only attentive on their retreat to Ulm; and they abandoned Marthal de Tallard's in fantry, while the cavalry of that General's army never attempted to recover their proper order, or make any effort to difengage their infantry, when they faw the Elector's army retreat from the field of battle.

11. When Marshal de Tallard was taken prifoner, and the center of the French army intirely thrown into disorder, not one of the General Officers of the Marshal's army made the leaft endeavour to draw the infantry from Blenheim, while they had an opportu

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nity of affording them that relief, by march-, ing them along the Danube, till they had rejoined their cavalry; but, on the contrary, thole who were charged, in particular, with the command of the body of infantry, either intirely abandoned them, even before they were attacked, when they faw the cavalry defeated, and plunging themselves into the Danube, in hopes of fwimming to the other fide; or elfe they continued in the village without daring to leave it, and were even fo deftitute of thought, as not to attempt any communication between the battalions. In fhort, they feerned to continue there with no other view than to charge themselves with the despicable province of making a brave fet of battalions lay down their arms with reluctance, and of furrendering to the enemy twenty-feven battalions and twelve fquadrons of the beft troops of France: Which was fo infamous an action, that it would fcarce be credited by pofterity, especially when it is informed, that, except one Brigadier of foot, who was broke, all the other authors or fpectators of this contemptible timidity were rewarded, and advanced to ftations of dignity.

At length the Duke's cavalry moving towards the hill, that of Marthal de Taliard came down, and charged them with a great deal of fury; the French infantry, which were pofted at Blenheim, making at the fame time a terrible fire from behind fome hedges on their flank, which were advanced too near that village, fo that the first line was put into fuch diforder, that part of them retired beyond the rivulet. Upon this, the Duke gave orders to Lieutenant-general Bulaw, Commander in chief of the troops of Lunenburgh, to bring up soon regiment of dragoons, and of the troops of Zell, which chi enemy's horfe with fo much vigu, mat they broke them, and drove them beyond the fecond rivulet, called Meul Weyer, and from thence to the very hedges of the village of Blenheim. This gave time to thofe who had given ground to repafs the rivulet, and to form a fecond line behind those regiments of dragoons, and fome others that had joined them, fo that thofe dragoons remained in the first line during the reft of the action..

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The cavalry of the Confederates left wing, having by this fuccefs gained the advantage of forming themselves intirely in order of battle, advanced leifurely to the top of the hill, and several times charged the enemy's horfe, who were always routed, but who, nevertheless, rallied every time, though at a confiderable diftance, and thereby gave the

Allies an opportunity of gaining ground. As the Duke of Marlborough, who was now in perfon among them, was preparing a freth attack, Marthal de Tallard caused ten of his battalions to advance, to fill up the intervals of his cavalry, in order to make a laft effort; which, the Duke perceiving, caufed three battalions of the troops of Zell to come up and fuftain the horse. Then the Prince of Heffe Caffel, General of the horse, and the Lieutenant-generals Lumley, Bulaw, Hompefch, and Ingoldby, returned with their troops to the charge; but the fuperior fire of the enemy's infantry put their first line into fome diforder, so that it shrunk back, and remained for fome time at about fixty paces diftant from the enemy, neither party advancing against the other. At length, the Confederates pufhed forwards with fo much bravery and fuccefs, that, having broke and routed the enemy's horfe, thẹ ten battalions who found themfelves abandoned by them were cut to pieces, none efcaping but a very few foldiers, who threw themfelves on the ground as dead to fave their lives.

Marshal de Tallard rallied his broken cavalry behind fome tents which were still ftanding in his camp; and, feeing things in this defperate condition refolved to draw off his dragoons and infantry out of the village of Blenheim. He thereupon fent one of his Aids-de-camp to Marthal de Marfin, who, with the Elector of Bavaria, commanded on the left, to defire him, to face the enemy with fome of his troops on the right of the village of Oberklau, to keep them in play, and favour the retreat of the infantry that was in Blenheim. But Marthal de Marfin reprefented to the meffenger, That he had too much bufinefs in the front of the village, where he was posted, and where he had to deal with the Duke of Marlborough, who was come to the affiftance of Prince Eugene, as well as in the rest of the line, to fpare any troops; fince he was fo far from being victorious, that all he could do was to maintain. his ground.'

In the mean time Ingoldsby made the other Generals of the fame attack fenfible how eafily they might intirely defeat the French cavalry by charging them on the right flank. This advice being put into execution with a great deal of vigour, the enemy were foon thrown into diforder, and put to flight, part of them endeavouring to gain the bridge which they had over the Danube between Blenheim and Hochftet; and the other part, among whom were the Gens d'Armes, were chofely pursued by the Lu

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Natural History of the ROE-BUCK, with a finely-engraved Figure

of that

HE roe-buck, or roe-deer, is called

Tin Greek dogkas, in Latin capreolus, capriolus; in French, chevreuil; in Italian, eapriolo; in Spanish, zorlito, cabronzilla montes; in Portuguese, cabramontes; in German, rehe; in Swedish, ra-diur; and, in Danish, raa-diur.

The ftag, as the most noble of the inhabitants of woods, occupies, in forefts, the parts that are fhaded by the lofty tops of the highest trees: The roe-buck, as being of an inferior fpecies, refts contented with a more humble roof, and ufually abides anidft the thick foliage of the youngest underwoods; but, if he is lefs noble, lefs ftrong, and lefs tall and majestic than the itag, he is more graceful, more lively, and more courageous; he is more fprightly, fpruce, and neat; his form is rounder, more elegant, and his figure more agreeable; his eyes efpecially are finer, more brilliant, and appear animated with brisker fenfations; his limbs are more Yupple, his motions more agile; and he bounds, without effort, with equal ftrength and lightness. His coat is always clean, his hair fleek and fmooth. He never rolls about in mire as the ftag. He delights in the highest and drieft grounds, where the air is pureft. He is alfo more cunning, more dexterous in ftealing away, more difficult to follow, than the ftag; and has withal more fubtlety, and more refources of inftinct. For, though he has the mortal difadvantage of leaving after him ftronger impreffions, which fill the dogs with more ardor, and more vehemence of appetite, than the fcent of the ftag; yet he knows better to withdraw from their purfuit by the rapidity of his first course, and the multiplicity of his turns: He does not wait till ftrength fails him, for having recourfe to ftratagem; on the contrary, fo foon as he perceives, that the first efforts of a rapid flight have been infuccesful, he runs back, returns, comes

Animal.

again; and, when he has confounded, by his oppofite motions, the directions of going and returning; when he has mingled the prefent with the paft emanations; he fprings from the ground, and, darting afide, couches down, and lets país by him, without stirring, the whole pack of hounds.

The roe-buck differs from the ftag and fallow-deer in difpofition, conftitution, manners, and likewife in almost all natural habits. Inftead of herding, as they, together, he remains confined to his family. The fire, the dam, and the young go together; and they are never feen to allociate with ftrangers; they are alfo as conftant in their amours, as the ftag is inconftant; and, as the female produces commonly two fawns, of both fexes, these young animals, reared and fed together, conceive fo ftrong an affection for each other, that they never part unlefs one of the two has met with the injuftice of fate, which ought never to feparate lovers; but this is attachment rather than love, for, though always together, they are not fenfible of the ardors of rutting, but once a year; and this time lafts but a fortnight beginning about the end of October, and ending before the 15th of November. They are not then overloaded, as the ftag, with fuperabundant flefh; they have no ftrong fmell, no furious rage; nothing, in fhort, that alters and changes their conditions They do not, however, fuffer their fawns to remain with them, during this time; the fire drives them away, as it were, to oblige them to give up their place to others that are to come, and to form themselves into a new family; but, when rutting is over, the fawns return to their dam, and stay with, her for fome time longer, after which they leave her for ever, and go both in queft of an establishment at fome diftance from the place of their birth.

The female goes five months and a half

with

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