very much, especially the foot: Befdes ninety-five Officers, who were found at Hochftet, Dillingen and Lavingen; the number of the wounded, whom they brought off from Ulm, were above feven thousand men: The Confederates gained above one hundred pieces of cannon, twentyfour mortars, one hundred and twenty-nine colours, one hundred and feventy-one ftandards, feventeen pair of kettle-drums, three thoufand fix hundred tents, thirty-four coaches, three hundred laden mules, two bridges of boats, fifteen pontoons, twentyfour barrels and eight calks of filver. But this fuccefs coft them four thousand four hundred and eighty-five men killed, feven thousand five hundred and twenty-five wounded, and two hundred and feventythree left or made prisoners.

The Emperor made great acknowledg. ments to the Duke of Marlborough for this fignal fervice, and offered to make him a Prince of the empire, which the Duke faid he could not decently accept of, till he knew the Queen's pleafure; and, upon her confenting to it, he was created a Prince of the empire, and about a year after Mindelheim was affigned him for his principality.

The fuccefs of the battle having intirely changed the face of affairs in the empire, and faved the House of Auftria from ruin, the Duke of Marlborough, being willing to lofe no time, and judging it more advantageous for the common caufe to join all the Confederate forces together, to traiten the enemy as much as poffible, and oblige them to abandon Germany, and repafs the Rhine, fent an express to Prince Lewis of Baden, to leave the hege of Ingoldstadt, and rejoin the army with the forces under his command; confidering, that not only that city, but the whole country of Bavaria, muft fall of courfe into the Emperor's hands. The Duke's and Prince Eugene's opinion was confirmed by the example of the city of Augsburg, which the French abandoned, carrying with them four hoftages, as a fecurity for two thoufand fick and wounded men, whom they left in that place. The Magiftrates, being affembled immediately after, fent four Deputies to the Duke of Marlborough to deire his protection; who answered them, that they had nothing to fear from the troops of her Britannic Majefty and the Statesgeneral, which were only fent against the enemies of the empire and their Allies. And thereupon he ordered a detachment to march, and take poffeffion of that important place. Soon after, Marthal de Tallard, with the prifoners of diftinction, were fent towards Hangu and Francfort under a guard

of dragoons, and the other prisoners were fent into the adjacent places.

On the 21st of Auguft, the Duke incamped at Sefellingen, within half a league of Ulm; and the next day the Governor of Ulm, who apprehended a fiege, fent out of the town four hundred and thirty prisoners, which the enemy had taken at Hochitet, Dillengen, and other places, with a compliment to the Duke, that he would be pleafed to take an opportunity to return an equal number; and, thofe perfons being Germans, the Duke fent them to Prince Eugene. On the 25th, the Duke, Prince Eugene, and Prince Lewis of Baden had a long conference, wherein they concerted the further operations of the campaign; and it was refolved, that, feeing the enemy were returning towards the Rhine, all the Confederate forces fhould likewife march that way, exapt twenty-three battalions and fome fquadrons, which fhould be left under the command of General Thungen to carry on the fiege of Ulm. In purfuance whereof, the Confederate troops began their march from the neighbourhood of Ulm, on the 26th of Augult, by different roads, to the general rendezvous of the army which was appointed to be at Brufchal rear Philipfburgh. From that day the Confederate army was in motion till the 9th of September, when a party of Imperial horfe, having met fome fquadrons of the enemy commanded by the Duke de Montfort, a Major-general, who had been conducting four battalions and a fum of money into Landau, fell upon them with great vigour, and routed them, killing above one hundred upon the fpot, taking leveral prifoners, and mortally wounding their Commander. On the 12th, Prince Lewis of Baden marched towards Landau, with the troops appointed to beliege that place; and the Duke of Marlborough, with Prince Eugene, came to the camp of Croon Weilfenburgh in order to cover the fiege. The faine night the Duke received an exprefs from General Thungen, importing, that, having formed the fiege of Ulm, and received his great artillery, the garrifon beat a parley the 10th, and the next day furrendered that place upon honourable terms; which he was willing to grant, that no time might be loft for the further execution of the projects of this campaign. The Imperialifts found in Ulm two hundred and twenty-two pieces of brafs cannon, twenty-five brafs mortars, one thousand two hundred barrels of powder, with a confiderable quantity of provifions, which were feasonably applied to the carrying on the fiege of Landau, which Prince Lewis of Baden infifted on, as necef

fary

fary to fecure the Circles, Suabia in particular, from the excurfions of that garrifon. This was popular in Germany, and, though the Duke did not approve it, he did not oppofe it with all the authority that his great fuccefs gave him. This was univerfally blamed, for, while France was in the confternation, which their late great lofs brought them under, a more vigorous proceeding was like to have greater effects; and, besides that the Imperial army was ill-provided, the great charge of a fiege was above their trength. Prince Lewis fuffered much in his reputation for this undertaking: It was that which the French wifhed for, and therefore it was fufpected, that fome fecret practice had prevailed on that Prince to propofe it. It is certain, that he was jealous of the glory which the Duke of Marlborough had obtained, and in which himself had no fhare; and it was believed, that, if he had not gone to befiege Ingoldstadt, the battle of Hochftet had never been fought. He was indeed fo fierce a bigot in his religion, that he could not bear the fucceffes of those whom he called heretics, and the exaltation which he thought herefy might have upon it. Dr. Hare, in his Second Letter to a Tory-Member concerning the Management of the War, p. 12, 3d edit. gives us this account of the Duke's own defigns in this campaign: Flanders, fays he, was, at the beginning of the war, a very bad part to attack France in, it was covered with fo ftrong a frontier. It was for this reafon the Duke of Marlborough looked out for another scene of action, and did all that could be done on his part towards it; and therefore, when he had, in the two firft campaigns, driven the French from Nimeguen to Namur, and had fet the Dutch at eafe by the reduction of Guelder and Limburg, and cleared the Rhine by taking Bonne, he did not, the third year, content himself with walking up and down in the neighbourhood of Holland, where there was no profpect of doing any thing to the purpofe, but marched into the heart of Germany, forced the ftrong poft of Schellenburg before the end of June, which is the key of Bavaria; and, had the ammunition and artillery been ready, as the Duke had been affured it was, he had marched directly to Munich, and, without the hazard of another battle, had, in a fortnight's time, not only extinguished that fatal war, that threatened nothing lefs than the ruin of the whole Empire, but had gained the Elector alfo over to the fide of the Allies; who, could he have been perfuaded to make their intereft his own, might have done the greateft fervice to the common caufe, both in Ger

many and Flanders. But, when that point was loft, and the inability of the Germans to make a fiege had encouraged the Elector to break off the treaty he had entered into, and the fword had decided the fate of his country, what part did the Duke of Marl borough take next? Not that of returning to Flanders. No; he improved the reft of that wonderful campaign to facilitate the operations of the next, in a part where France might be more eafily attacked. He paffed the Rhine before the end of August, and made, or rather fubmitted to the making, the Siege of Landau by Prince Lewis, while he covered it: And, that the unexpected length of the fiege might not break his defign, without waiting for the end of it, he advanced with a body of troops to the Saar, furprised Treves, and poffeffed himself of other proper pofts for erecting magazines, and opening the next campaign with the fiege of Saar-Lewis.' While the Duke of Marlborough lay covering the fiege, Marfhal de Villeroy, with his army, came and looked on him; but, as the foldiers of the Confederates were exalted with their fuccefs, fo the French were too much difpirited with their loffes to make any attack, or to put any thing to hazard, in order to raise the fiege. They retired back, and went into quarters, and trufted to the bad ftate of the Imperial army, who were ill-provided and ill-fupplied. The garrifon made as vigorous a defence, and drew out the fiege to as great a length, as could be expected. Prince Lewis had neither Engineers nor ammunition, and wanted money to provide them; fo that, if the Duke had not fupplied him, he must have been forced to give it over. The King of the Romans came again, to have the honour of taking the place: But his behaviour there did not ferve to raise his character; for he was not often in the places of danger, and was content to look on at a great and fafe diftance. He was likewife conftantly befet with priefts, and fuch a face of fuperftition and bigotry appeared about him, that it very much damped the hopes that were given of him. However, on the 23d of November, the beliegers having lodged themfelves on the counterfcarps, both on the right and left, and fufficient breaches being opened, the next morning, the necessary difpofitions were made for a general affault, and five thousand men were commanded. upon that fervice. The befieged, being therefore reduced to this extremity, were obliged to beat a parley between ten and eleven o'clock; whereupon hostages were exchanged, and the capitulation figned the faune day, confifting of twenty-eight articles,

which

which were in effect much the fame as thofe granted by the Imperialifts to Monfieur de Melac two years before, and by the French to the Count de Frize, the preceding campaign. On the 26th, the befieged marched out of Landau, to the number of three thoufand four hundred, who furvived out of feven thousand men, of whom the garrison confifted at the beginning of the fiege. The King of the Romans, having entered the place, found it reduced to a heap of rubbish, and, having given the command of it to the Count de Frize, who had before maintained that poft with great courage and ability, his Majefty fet out for Vienna, having ordered Prince Eugene to fettle the affairs of Bavaria, and left to Prince Lewis of Baden the difpofition of the forces on the Rhine.

The Confederates, omitting nothing that might advance the glory which they had already acquired in Bavaria, refolved to profecute the hege of Traerbach. To which end, the Duke of Marlborough marched towards the Mofelle with a confiderable army, which he left under the command of the Hereditary Prince of Heffe-Caffel; as alfo the direction of the attacks of that place. The caftle was invested in the beginning of November, and the approaches were carried with fuch fuccefs, that, on the 21ft, the befiegers attempted to ftorm it. But, as they were climbing up the eminences (the rock, on which that fortrefs is built, proving very fteep, and the weather exceedingly ftormy) the garrifon made fo vigorous a defence, that the affailants were obliged to retire with confiderable lofs. Notwithitanding thefe difcouragements, the Prince of Heffe was refolved to carry on the fiege with the utmoft vigour; and, on the 20th of December, obliged the garrifon to furrender on honourable conditions. The Confederates met with a great deal of difficulty and oppofition in all the attacks; and the Baron de Trogne, the States chief Engineer, was fhot by the Prince of Heffe's ude, as he was giving the neceffary directions; and they had above a thousand men killed or wounded.

During the fiege of Traerbach, the Duke of Marlborough went to the Court of Pruffia, to negociate that eight thoufand Pruffians might be fent to Italy the next campaign, to ferve there for the relief of the Duke of Savoy, under the command of Prince Eugene. He was received at Berlin, and all other places through which he paffed, with the highest refpect; and thence he proceeded to the Court of Hanover, where he arrived on the 1ft of December; and thence continued his journey to the Hague, where he was congratulated by the Deputies of the

States-general, upon his victories at Schellenburg and Hochftet; and was as much confidered and fubmitted to, in Holland, as if he had been their Stadtholder. The cre

dit, which he was in among them, was very happy for them, and was, indeed, neceffary at that time for keeping down their factions and animofities, which were rifing in every province, and in moft of their towns. Only Amfterdam, as it was the most fenfible of the common danger, fo it was not only quiet within itself, but it contributed not a little to keep all the reft fo, which was chiefly maintained by the Duke of Marlborough's prudent management; who, having fettled all matters relating to the enfuing campaign, embarked for England, and arrived at London the 11th of December.

The occurrences in Brabant and Flanders, this campaign, were of no confiderable importance. As the great bodies were in fuch violent motion in Bavaria, which was the theatre of the war, little, befides the protection of the country on each fide, was intended here. However, on the ift of June, Monfieur Auverquerque decamped from the neighbourhood of Maestricht, and marched directly towards the enemy, who, being furprifed at this motion, and unwilling to hazard a battle, after they were prevented in their defign upon Tongeren, marched about and got into their lines. General Dopff, perceiving them to be in fome disorder, advanced with thirty fquadrons of horfe and dragoons, and forced the French lines with little oppofition. But, a Council of war being called, it was thought not alvifeable for hiin to continue in that poft, left the enemy fhould fall upon his detachment with a fuperior force, before the reft of the army could come up; fo that he had not continued there above three hours, before he quitted the lines, and rejoined the army. On the ift of July, the Baron de Trogne was detached with a confiderable body of men, who marched towards Liege, and Monfieur Auverquerque followed him. On the 5th, the Baron being reinforced from Liege and Huy, he advanced to the enemies lines, which he entered at eight in the morning, and took poft at Meordorp. Monfieur Auverquerque endeavoured to fuftain him; but this enterprife had no better fuccefs than the former; for, the rivers Herk and Demer overflowing, and retarding the march of the army, it was judged impoffible to come up foon e nough to fupport him, upon which he retired out of the lines the fame evening.

Upon the 2d of July, a body of nine thoufand Dutch troops, commanded by General Spaar, appeared before Bruges, and

were

were warmly received by the cannon of the town. In the evening they raised batteries, and the next morning began to throw bombs, carcates, and red-hot bullets into the place; which did great execution, feveral houfes being intirely demolished, and others very much shattered. Whereupon the inhabitants, to prevent farther mischief, offered to pay fix hundred thousand guilders in fix months time; which the Baron accepted, and fo retired to Maldeghem. On the 22d, the army under Monfieur Auverquerque paffed the Macfe, and advanced to Ñamur, which they bombarded from the 26th to the 29th, fetting on fire their magazines, and doing very great damage to the inhabitants. The lofs fuftained by the Dutch was very inconLiderable, though the garrifon fired furiously all the time from their cannon and mortars. During thefe hoftilities, a detachment of horfe and foot was fent up to Dinant, where they took poft, and part of them paffed over from thence into the country between the Sambre and Maefe; which ftruck fuch a terror into the neighbouring country, that they exacted from thence great contributions. About the fame time, the Dutch forces made themselves Masters of fort Ifabella, and demolished it.

defigns, returned to Bruffels, his former feat of pleafure and gallantry.

At fea, this fummer, affairs were carried on much more doubtfully than at land. Sir George Rooke failed into the Streights, where he reckoned he was ftrong enough for the Toulon fquadron, which was then abroad in the Mediterranean. Soon after that, a ftrong fquadron from Breft paffed by Lifbon into the Streights. Mr. Methuen, the English Amballador in Portugal, apprehending that, if thefe two fquadrons thould join to attack Sir George Rooke, it would not be poffible for him to fight against fo great a force, fent a man of war, which that Admiral had left at Lisbon, with fone particular orders, which made the Captain very unwilling to carry the meffage; but the Ambaffador promifed to indemnify him. The Captain failed through the French fleet, and brought this important advertisement to Sir George Rooke, who told him, that on this occafion he would pafs by his not obferving his orders, but that, for the future, he would find the fafeft course was to obey orders. Upon this, Sir George ftood out of the way of the French towards the mouth of the Streights, and there met Sir Cloudelly Shovel with a fquadron of our beft fhips, with which being reinforced, he failed up the Streights again, being now in a condition to engage the French. He came before Barcelona, where the Prince of Heffe-Dannftadt affured him there was a strong party ready to declare for King Charles, as it was certain there was a difpofition in many to do

The Elector of Bavaria, who had retired to Bruffels after his misfortunes, formed, at the end of the campaign, a project of furprifing General Auverquerque, hoping by that means, in fome measure, to repair the difadvantages which he had fuftained in Bavaria. For this purpose, he ordered all his forces, with a great number of waggons, to join at Tirlemont. The French Court, being apprehenfive of the Elector's defigns, fent Marshal de Villeroy to watch his motions, and to prevent an engagement, unlefs he had a very fair profpect of a return of better fortune. At his arrival in the army, he was furprised to see Monfieur Auver querque waiting in his camp at Borch-loen, ready to receive them. This obliged him to reprefent to the Elector the difficulties of attacking the Confederates; the advantage of their camp; the bravery of their troops, encouraged by the fuccefs of their affairs in Germany; and the ill confequences, which the lofs of a battle would be attended with. The Elector, who was oppreffed with difgraces, was determined on nothing but revenge, and infifted upon an engagement, The Marthal, after a very warm debate with him on that fubject, told him, that he would not march; ani, to put an end to the difpute, produced the King's order. The Elector, being thus fruftrated in his

it. But Sir George would not ftay above three days before that city; fo that the motions within the town, and the difcoveries which many made of their inclinations, had almoft proved fatal to them. He answered, when preffed to stay a few days more, that his orders were pofitive; and that he must fail towards Nice, which it was believed the French intended to befiege. But, as he was failing that way, he received advice, that the French had made no advances in that defign; and therefore he turned his courfe weltward, and came in fight of the French fleet, failing from Breft to Toulon. The advantage, which he had, was so visible, that it was expected he would have made towards the enemy, but he did not. What orders he had was not known, for the matter never came under examination. The French got to Toulon, and he fteered another way. The whole French fleet was then together in that harbour, for, though the Toulon fquadron had been out before, it was then in port. A very happy accident had