Coins of the World"This book sets out to deal with the coins used in the different civilizations and countries of the world but not with the whole field of money. Money is a generic term covering the wide variety of objects which furnish the medium of exchange for goods and services, and coinage is only one of such media. though it has sustained the largest and longest role in the history of civilization...Excluded, therefore, from this work is the money of primitive civilizations whether it be the brass armlets of West Africa or the large, flat and circular stone money of the Caroline Islands in Oceania. Equally, paper money, in the shape of banknotes or cheques of the credit commerce of the modern world, lies outside the scope of this book"--Introduction, ix. |
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addition Apollo appeared arms became began beginning bronze bronze coinage bust Byzantine carried cent centre century coinage coins common consisted continued copper cross crowned death denarius denominations double dynasty eagle earlier earliest early East electrum emperor empire established fabric facing figure finally followed fourth century France French Germany gold Greek gulden half head Henry holding imitations imperial included independent India initial inscribed inscription introduced island issues Italy John king kingdom late later letters lion mark metals mint mints obverse penny period Persian pieces portrait present produced provinces rare reign remained republic reverse type Roman Rome royal seated shield shilling shows side silver silver coins similar smaller Spain standard standing figure staters struck style successive tetradrachms third traditional unit usually variety various Victory West Western wreath