Biological ControlThis text provides readers with an in-depth exploration of how biological control functions and how it can be safely employed to solve pest problems and enhance nature conservation. It covers the principles behind biological control techniques and their implementation, and incorporates practical examples from the biological control of a variety of pests. It contains detailed chapters on conserving natural enemies through environmental management, importation of new natural enemies for control of pests, augmentation of natural enemies through rearing and release, and the development and application of pathogens and biopesticides. |
Contents
| 2 | |
| 19 | |
Principal Biological Control Methods | 31 |
PATHOGENS AND NEMATODES OF ARTHROPODS | 66 |
Pathogens of Pest Vertebrates | 77 |
Fungal Pathogens | 89 |
Leaf Pathogens | 95 |
Summary | 101 |
Evaluation of Population Effects of Natural Enemies | 264 |
Simulation Models and the Evaluation of Natural Enemies | 293 |
Combinations of Factors and Their Integration | 300 |
NATURAL ENEMY BIOLOGY | 307 |
Host Patch Exploitation and Abandonment Patterns | 316 |
Overcoming Host or Prey Defenses | 325 |
Learning by Natural Enemies | 331 |
BIOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF PATHOGENS | 337 |
Outcomes of Biological Control Programs | 134 |
Processing Material in Quarantine | 166 |
Field Colonization Procedures | 172 |
AUGMENTATION OF PARASITOIDS PREDATORS | 178 |
Cost | 184 |
Storage and Shipping | 190 |
Market Development and Continuity | 196 |
Production | 204 |
Storage and Shipping | 214 |
Product Development | 225 |
METHODS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT | 235 |
Augmentation | 244 |
37 | 245 |
mm | 253 |
Developing and Using Beneficial Species | 255 |
EVALUATION AND INTEGRATION | 257 |
BIOLOGY OF WEED CONTROL AGENTS | 354 |
POPULATION REGULATION THEORY | 367 |
HostParasitoid Systems | 375 |
HostPathogen Systems | 390 |
Implications for Biological Control | 397 |
Training Media | 408 |
Communicating with Environmental Groups | 414 |
Pest Management Policies | 420 |
37 | 431 |
FUTURE PROSPECTS | 444 |
| 451 | |
| 458 | |
| 464 | |
| 522 | |
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Common terms and phrases
addition adult adventive species antagonists aphids application areas arthropods attack augmentative Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria bacterium beetle behavior biological control agents biological control programs cages caused Chapter colonization commercial competition conservation Cotesia crop cultures damage DeBach density dependence disease dynamics ecological effects eggs enhanced environment establishment evaluation example factors feeding field foliage foraging fungal fungi groups growth habitat Hassell hemocoel herbivores host plant host population host range hyperparasitoids important increase insects interactions introduction kairomones laboratory larvae levels Linnaeus locations material mealybug methods microbial microsporidia mites mortality moth native natural enemies nematodes occur organisms oviposition parasitism parasitoids patches pathogens pest control pest management pest population Photograph courtesy phytophagous phytoseiid plant pathogens plant species potential predacious predators prey production protection quarantine facility rates reared reduced release reproduction saprotrophic shipment soil spores stage strains suppression target pest tests tion Trichogramma vertebrates virus viruses wasps weed whiteflies