of its Animal, fo is the Form and Texture of the Cafes and Balls excited thereby; fome being hard Shells (cc), fome tender Balls (dd), fome

condidit: quare fractâ per tranfverfam mufcarum terebrâ frequentiffimè, vivente animali, guita aliquot diaphani humoris effluunt. And a little after, he confirms, by ocular Obfervation, what he imagin'd before, viz. Semel prope Junii finem vidi Mufcam, qualem fuperiùs delineavi, infidentem quercina gemma, adhuc germinanti; harebat etenim foliolo ftabili ab apice hiantis gemma erumpenti; & convulfo in arcum corpore, terebram evaginabat, ipfamque tensam immittebat; & tumefacto ventre circa terebra radicem tumorem excitabat, quem interpolatis vicibus remittebat. In folio igitur, avulfâ Muscâ, minima diaphana reperii ejecta ova, fimillima iis, que adbuc in tubis fupererant. Non licuit iterum idem admirari fpectaculum, &c.

Somewhat like this, which Malpighi faw, I had the good Fortune to fee my felf once fome Years ago: And that was, the beautiful, fhining Oak-Ball Ichneumon ftrike its Terebra into an Oak-Apple divers Times, no doubt to lay its Eggs therein. And hence I apprehend we fee many Vermicules towards the Outfide of many of the Oak-Apples, which I guefs were not what the Primitive Infects laid up in the Gem, from which the Oak-Apple had its Rife, but fome other fupervenient, additional Infects, laid in after the Apple was grown, and whilft it was tender and foft.

(cc) The Aleppo-Galls, wherewith we make Ink, may be reckoned of this Number, being hard, and no other than Cafes of Infects which are bred in them; who when come to Maturity, gnaw their Way out of them; which is the Caufe of thofe little Holes obfervable in them. Of the Infects bred in them, fee Philof. Tranfact. No. 245. Of this Number alfo are thofe little fmooth Cafes, as big as large PepperCorns, growing close to the Ribs under Oaken-Leaves, globous, but flattish; at first touched with a blufhing red, afterwards growing brown; hollow within, and an hard thin Shell without. In this lieth commonly a rough, white Maggot, which becomes a little long winged, black IchneumonFly, that eats a little Hole in the Side of the Gall, and fo gets out.

(dd) For a Sample of the tender Balls, I fhall choose the globous Ball, as round, and fome as big as fmall MusketBullets, growing clofe to the Ribs, under Oaken. Leaves,

Cc 3

of

fome fcaly (ee), fome fmooth (ff), fome Hairy (gg), fome Long, fome Round, fome Conical,

of a greenish yellowish Colour, with a blufh of red; their Skin fmooth, with frequent Rifings therein. Inwardly they are very foft and fpongy; and in the very Center is a Cafe with a white Maggot therein, which becomes an IchneumonFly, not much unlike the laft. As to this Gall, there is one Thing I have obferved fomewhat peculiar, and I may fay providential, and that is, that the Fly lies all the Winter in thefe Balls in its Infantile-State, and comes not to its Maturity till the following Spring. In the Autumn, and Winter, thefe Balls fall down with their Leaves to the Ground, and the Infect inclosed in them is there fenced against the Winter Frofts, partly by other Leaves falling pretty thick upon them, and especially by the thick, parenchymous, spongy Walls, afforded by the Galls themselves.

Another Sample fhall be the large Oak-Balls, called OakApples, growing in the Place of the Buds, whofe Generation, Vegetation and Figure, may be feen in Malpig. de Gallis, p. 24. and Tab. 10. Fig. 33, &c. Out of thefe Galls, he faith various Species of Flies come, but he names only two, and they are the only two I ever faw come out of them: Frequenter (faith he) fubnigra funt mufca brevi munita terebrâ. Inter has aliqua obfervantur aurea, levi viridis tincturâ fuffufa, oblonga pollentes terebra. Thefe two differently coloured Flies, I take to be no other than Male and Female of the fame Species. I have not obferved Tails (which are their Terebra) in all, as Malpighi feems to intimate: Perhaps they were hid in their Theca, and I could not discover them: But I rather think there were none, and that those were the Males: But in others, I have obferved long, recurvous Tails, longer than their whole Bodies. And thefe I take to be the Females. And in the Oak-Apples themfelves, I have feen the Aurelia, fome with, fome without Tails. And I muft confefs, 'twas not without Admiration as well as Pleasure, that I have feen with what exact Neatness and Artifice, the Tail hath been wrapt about the Aurelia, whereby it is fecured from either annoying the Infect, or being hurt it felf.

(ee) See before Note (z).

(ff) As in the preceding Note.

(gg) Of the rough or hairy Excrefcences, thofe on the Briar, or Dog-Rofe, are a good Inftance. These Spongiola villofa, as Mr. Ray, Galla rumofa, as Dr. Malpighi calls them,

are

nical, &c. (bb). And in the laft Place, let us add, That thofe Species of Infects are all endowed with peculiar and exactly made Parts for this

are thus accounted for by the latter; Ex copiofis relictis ovis ita turbatur affluens [Rubi] fuccus, ut ftrumofa fiant complura tubercula fimul confusè congefta, qua utriculorum feriebus,

fibrarum implicatione contexta, ramofas propagines germinant, ita ut minima quafi fylva appareat. Qualibet propago ramos, hinc inde villofos edit. Hinc inde pili pariter crumpunt, &c.

Thefe Balls are a fafe Repofitory to the Infect all the Winter in its Vermicular-State. For the Eggs laid up, and hatched the Summer before, do not come to mature Infects until the Spring following, as Mr. Ray rightly obferves in Cat. Cantab.

As to the Infects themfelves, they are manifeftly Ichneumon-Flies, having four Wings, their Alvus thick and large towards the Tail; and tapering up till it is fmall and flender at its fetting on to the Thorax. But the Alvi or Bellies are not alike in all, though coloured alike. In fome they are as is now described, and longer, without Terebra, or Tails; in fome fhorter with Tails: And in fome yet fhorter, and thick, like the Belly of the Ant, or the Heart of Animals, as in thofe before, Note (z). But for a farther Defcription of them, I fhall refer to Mr. Ray, Cat. Plant, circa Cantab, under Rofa fylveft.

(hh) It being an Inftance fomewhat out of the Way, I hall pitch upon it for an Example here, viz. The gouty Swellings in the Body, and the Branches of the BlackberryBush; of which Malpighi hath given us two good Cuts in Tab. 17. Fig. 62. The Caufe of these is manifeftly from the Eggs of Infects laid in (whilft the Shoot is young and tender) as far as the Pith, and in fome Places not fo deep; Which for the Reafons before-mentioned, makes the young Shoots tumify, and grow knotty and gouty.

The Infect that comes from hence is of the former Tribe, a fmall, fhining black Ichneumon-Fly, about a tenth of an Inch long; with jointed, red, capillary Horns, four long Wings, reaching beyond the Body, a large Thorax, red Legs, and a fhort, heart-like Belly. They hop like Fleas. The Males are lefs than the Females; are very venereous, endea vouring a Coit in the very Box in which they are hatch'd; getting up on the Females, and tickling and thumping them with their Breeches and Horns, to excite them to Venery.

Service, to bore and pierce the Vegetable, and to reach and inject their Eggs and Juice into the tender Parts thereof.

A

The CONCLUSION.

ND now these Things being ferioufly confidered, what lefs can be concluded, than that there is manifeft Defign and Forecaft in this Cafe, and that there must needs be fome wife Artist, some careful, prudent Confervator, that from the very Beginning of the Existence of this Species of Animals, hath with great Dexterity and Forecaft, provided for its Prefervation and Good? For what elfe could contrive and make fuch a Set of curious Parts, exactly fitted up for that fpecial Purpofe : And withal implant in the Body fuch peculiar Impregnations, as fhould have fuch a strange uncouth Power on a quite different Rank of Creatures? And lastly, what fhould make the Infect aware of this its ftrange Faculty and Power, and teach it fo cunningly and dextroufly to employ it for its own Service and Good?

BOOK

BOOK IX.

Of REPTILES, and the Inhabitants of the WATERS.

H

CHA P. I.

Of REPTILES,

AVING dispatch'd the infect Tribe, there is but one Genus of the LandAnimals remaining to be furvey'd; and that is, that of Reptiles (a). Which I fhall difpatch in a little Compafs, by Reafon I have fomewhat amply treated of others, and many of

the

(a) Notwithstanding I have before, in Book IV. Chap. 12. Note (p), taken Notice of the Earth-Worm; yet it being a good Example of the Creator's wife and curious Workmanship, in even this meaneft Branch of the Creation, I fhall fuperadd a few farther Remarks from Drs. Willis and Tyfon. Saith Willis, Lumbricus terreftris, licèt vile & contemptibile habetur, Orga