The Medieval Theater of Cruelty: Rhetoric, Memory, ViolenceWhy did medieval dramatists weave so many scenes of torture into their plays? Exploring the cultural connections among rhetoric, law, drama, literary creation, and violence, Jody Enders addresses an issue that has long troubled students of the Middle Ages. Theories of rhetoric and law of the time reveal, she points out, that the ideology of torture was a widely accepted means for exploiting such essential elements of the stage and stagecraft as dramatic verisimilitude, pity, fear, and catharsis to fabricate truth. Analyzing the consequences of torture for the history of aesthetics in general and of drama in particular, Enders shows that if the violence embedded in the history of rhetoric is acknowledged, we are better able to understand not only the enduring "theater of cruelty" identified by theorists from Isidore of Seville to Antonin Artaud, but also the continuing modern devotion to the spectacle of pain. |
Contents
A Polemical Introduction | 1 |
The Dramatic Violence of Invention | 25 |
Rhetoric and Drama Torture and Truth | 38 |
The Violent Invention of Drama | 48 |
The Memory of Pain | 63 |
Foundational Violence | 71 |
Violent Births Miscarriages of Justice Tortured Spaces | 82 |
The Architecture of the Body in Pain | 96 |
The Memory of Drama | 152 |
The Performance of Violence | 160 |
Pleasure Pain and the Spectacle of Scourging | 170 |
Witnesses at the Scene | 185 |
Special Effects | 192 |
Death by Drama | 202 |
Violence and Performativity on the French Medieval | 218 |
Vicious Cycles | 230 |