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ALCOHOLOMETER

ALCOHOLOMETER, al-ko-hol-om'e-ter, n. an instrument for ascertaining the strength of spirits. [ALCOHOL and METER.] ALCORAN, al'kō-raň, n. KORAN with the Arabic article prefixed.

ALCOVE, al'kōv or al-kōv', n. a recess in a room: any recess: a shady retreat. [It. alcova; Sp. alcoba, a place in a room railed off to hold a bed-Ar. al-gobah, a tent.]

ALDER, awl'der, n. a tree usually growing in moist ground. [A.S. alor; Ger. eller, L. alnus.]

ALDERMAN, awl'der-man, n. now a civic dignitary next in rank to the mayor.adj. ALDERMAN'IC. [A. S. ealdor (from eald, old), senior, chief: ealdor-man, ruler, king, chief magistrate.] ALDERN, awl'dern, adj. made of alder. ALDINE, al'din, adj. applied to books printed by Aldus Manutius of Venice, in 16th c.

ALE, al, n. a strong drink made from malt: a festival, so called from the liquor drunk.-ALE-BERRY, a beverage made from ale.-ALE-HOUSE, a house in which ale is sold. [A.S. ealu; Ice. öl; Gael. ol, drink.]

ALEE, a-le', adv., on the lee-side. [See LEE.]

ALEMBIC, al-em'bik, n. a vessel used by the old chemists in distillation. [Ar. al, the, anbiq-Gr. ambiks, a cup.] ALERT, al-ert', adj. watchful: brisk.UPON THE ALERT, upon the watch.-n. ALERT NESS. [It. all' erta, on the erecterto, L. erectus, erect.] ALETHOSCOPE,a-le'tho-skop,n. an optical instrument by means of which pictures are made to present a more natural and life-like appearance. [Gr. alethēs, true, and skopeō, to view.] ALE-WIFE, al'wif, n. a fish of the same genus as the shad, about a foot in length, common on the east coast of the United States. (Amer.)

ALEXANDRIAN, al-egz-an'dri-an, adj., relating to Alexandria in Egypt: relating to Alexander. ALEXANDRINE, al-egz-an'drin, n. a rhyming verse of twelve syllables, so called from its use in an old French poem on Alexander the Great.

ALEXIPYRETIC, a-lek-si-pi-ret'ik, adj. in med. same as FEBRIFUGE. [Gr. alexo, to ward off, and pyretos, a fever.] ALFALFA, al-fal'fa, n. a name given to a valuable pasture and forage plant: the lucerne (Medicago sativa). [Sp.] ALGÆ, al'jē, n. (bot.) a division of plants, embracing sea-weeds. [L., pl. of alga, sea-weed.]

ALGEBRA, al'je-bra, n. the science of calculating by symbols, thus forming a kind of universal arithmetic. [Sp. from Ar. al-jabr, the resetting of anything broken, hence combination.] ALGEBRAIC, AL, al-je-bra'ik, -al, adj. pertaining to algebra.-ALGEBRA'IST, n. one skilled in algebra. ALGOID, al'goid, adj. resembling the algæ or aquatic plants. [L. alga, a sea-weed, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] ALGONKIN, ALGONQUIN, al-gon'kin, n. a family of North American Indians, which contained many tribes, and formly occupied the valley of the Mississippi and all the country eastward: a member of this family.

ALGUM, al'gum. Same as ALMUG. ALIAS, a'li-as, adv. otherwise.-n. an assumed name. [L. alias, at another time, otherwise-alius, Gr. allos, other.] ALIBI, al'i-bi, n. the plea that a person charged with a crime was in another place when it was committed. [Lalius, other, ibi, there.]

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ALIENAGE, al'yen-āj, n. state of being an alien.

ALIENATE, al'yen-āt, v.t. to transfer a right or title to another: to withdraw the affections: to misapply.-adj. withdrawn: estranged.-n. ALIENATION. [L. See ALIEN.]

ALIGHT, a-lit', v.i. to come down (as from a horse): to descend: to fall upon. [A.S. alihtan, to come down. See LIGHT, v.i.] ALIGHT, a-lit', adj. on fire: lighted up. [a, on, and LIGHT. See LIGHT, n.] ALIGN, a-lin', v.t. to regulate by a line: to arrange in line, as troops. [Fr. aligner -L. ad, and linea, a line.] ALIGNMENT, a-lin'ment, n. a laying out by a line: the ground-plan of a railway or road.

ALIKE, a-lik', adj. like one another: having resemblance.-adv. in the same manner or form: similarly. [A.S. onlic. See LIKE.] ALIMENT, al'i-ment, n., nourishment: food. [L. alimentum-alo, to nourish.] ALIMENTAL, al-i-ment'al, adj. supplying

food.

ALIMENTARY, al-i-ment'ar-i, adj. pertaining to aliment: nutritive.-n. ÅLİMENTATION, al-i-men-ta'shun, the act or state of nourishing or of being nourished.-n. (phren.) ALIMENTIVENESS, al-i-ment'ivnes, desire for food or drink. ALIMONY, al'i-mun-i, n. an allowance for support made to a wife when legally separated from her husband. ALIQUOT, al'i-kwot, adj. such a part of a number as will divide it without a remainder. [L. aliquot, some, several— alius, other, quot, how many.] ALIVE, a-liv', adj. in life: susceptible. [A.S. on life.]

ALKALI, al'ka-li or -lī, n. (chem.) a sub

stance which combines with an acid and neutralizes it, forming a salt. Potash, soda, and lime are alkalies; they have an acrid taste (that of soap), and turn vegetable blues to green. See ACID:pl. ALKALIES. [Ar. al-kali, ashes.] ALKALIMETER, al-ka-lim'e-ter, n. an instrument for measuring the strength of alkalies.

ALKALINE, al'ka-lin or -lin, adj. having the properties of an alkali.-n. ALKALIN

ITY.

ALKALOID, al'ka-loid, n. a vegetable principle possessing in some degree alkaline properties. adj. pertaining to or resem bling alkali. [ÅLKALI and Gr. eidos, form or resemblance.]

ALKORAN, n. same as ALCORAN. ALL, awl, adj. the whole of: every one of. -adv. wholly completely: entirely.-n. the whole everything.-ALL IN ALL, everything desired.- ALL'S ONE, it is just the same.-AT ALL, in the least degree or to the least extent. [A.S. eal, Ger. all, Gael. uile, W. oll.] ALLAH, al'la, n. the Arabic name of the one God. [Ar. al-ilâh, “the worthy to be adored."]

ALLAY, al-la', v.t. to lighten, relieve: to make quiet. [O. Fr. aleger-L. alleviare -ad, and levis, light, confused with A.S. a-lecgan, to lay down.] ALLEGATION, al-le-ga'shun, n. an assertion.

ALLEGE, al-lej', v.t. to produce as an argument or plea: to assert. [L. allego, to send one person to another to confer

ALLOMORPHIC

with him: to mention or bring forward -ad, to, and lego, -atum, to send.] ALLEGIANCE, al-lēj'i-ans, n. the duty of a subject to his liege or sovereign. [L ad, to, and LIEGE.] ALLEGORIC, -AL, al-le-gor'ik, -al, adj. in the form of an allegory: figurativeadv. ALLEGOR'ICALLY. ALLEGORIZE, al'le-gor-iz, v.t. to put in form of an allegory.-v.i. to use allegory. ALLEGORIZATION, al'le-gor-i-za'shon, n. the act of turning into allegory: allegorical treatment.

ALLEGORY, al'le-gor-i, n. a description of one thing under the image of another. [Gr. allos, other, and agoreuō, to speak.] ALLEGRO, al-le'grō, adv. and n. (mus.) a word denoting a brisk movement. [It. -L. alacer, brisk.] ALLELUIA, ALLELUIAH, al-le-lōō'ya. Same as HALLELUIAH.

ALLEVIATE, al-lēv'i-āt, v.t. to make light: to mitigate.-n. ALLEVIA'TION. [L. ad, levis, light.]

ALLEY, al'li, n. a walk in a garden: a passage in a city narrower than a street:

pl. ALL'EYS. [Fr. allée, a passage, from aller, to go, O. Fr. aner, from L. adnare, to go to by water. Cf. ARRIVE.] ALL-FOOLS-DAY, awl-fōōlz'-dā, n. April first. [From the sportive deceptions practiced on that day.]

ALL-FOURS, awl-forz', n.pl. (preceded by on) on four legs, or on two hands and two feet.

ALL-HAIL, awl-hal', int., all health, a phrase of salutation. [See HAIL, int.] ALL-HALLOW, awl-hal'lo, ALL-HAL

LOWS, awl-hal'lōz, n. the day of all the Holy Ones. See ALL-SAINTS. [ALL and HALLOW.]

ALLIANCE, al-li'ans, . state of being al lied union by marriage or treaty. [See ALLY.]

ALLIGATION, al-li-ga'shun, n. (arith.) a rule for finding the price of a compound of ingredients of different values. [L. alligatio, a binding together-ad, to, and ligo, to bind.] ALLIGATOR, al'li-ga-tur, n. an animal of

the crocodile family found in America. [Sp. el lagarto-L. lacerta, a lizard.] ALLITERAL, al-lit'er-al, adj. same as ALLITERATIVE. [See ALLITERATION.] ALLITERATION, al-lit-er-a'shun, n. the recurrence of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words following close to each other, as in "apt allitera tion's artful aid.” [Fr.-L. ad, to, and litera, a letter.]

ALLITERATIVE, al-lit'er-a-tiv, adj. pertaining to alliteration. ALLOCATE, al'lo-kāt, v.t., to place: to assign to each his share. [L. ad. to, and locus, a place.]

ALLOCATION,ˇal-lo-kā’shun, n. act of allocating: allotment: an allowance made upon an account. ALLOCHROUS, al-lok'rus, adj. of various colors generally applied to minerals. [Gr. allochroos, allochrous-allos, other, and chroa, color.] ALLOCUTION, al-lo-ku'shun, n. a forma address, esp. of the Pope to his clergy. [L. ad, to, and loquor, locutus, to speak.] ALLODIAL, al-lo'di-al, adj. held inde pendent of a superior: freehold :-opposed to FEUDAL. ALLODIUM, al-lō'di-um, n. freehold estate land held in the possession of the owner without being subject to a feudal superior. [Low L. allodium, most prob. from Ice. aldr, old age, and othal, a homestead; alda-othal, a property of ages.] ALLOMORPHIC, al-lo-mor'fik, adj. pertaining to or possessing the qualities of allomorphism.

ALLOMORPHISM

ALLOMORPHISM, al-lō-mor'fizm, n. that property of certain substances of assuming a different form, the substance remaining otherwise unchanged. [Gr. allos, other, and morphe, form.] ALLOMORPHITE, al-lo-mor'fit, n. a variety of baryta having the form and cleavage of anhydrite. ALLOPATHY, al-lop'a-thi, n. a name given by homeopathists to the current or orthodox medical practice.-adj. ALLOPATHIC.-N. ALLOPATHIST. [See HOMEOPATHY.]

ALLOT, al-lot', v.t. to divide as by lot: to distribute in portions: to parcel out :pr.p. allott'ing: pa.p. allott'ed. [L. ad, to, and LOT.]

ALLOTMENT, al-lot'ment, n. the act of allotting part or share allotted. ALLOTRIOPHAGY, al-lot'ri-of'a-gi,

n.

in med. a depraved appetite for some particular article of food or for noxious or not eatable substances. [Gr. allotrios, belonging to another, and phagō, to eat.] ALLOTROPY, al-lot'ro-pi, n. the property in some elements, as carbon, of existing in more than one form. [Gr. allos, another, and tropos, form.]

ALLOW, al-low', v.t. to grant to permit : to acknowledge: to abate. [Fr. allouer, to grant-L. ad, to, and loco, to place.ALLOW, in the sense of approve or sanction, as used in B. and by old writers, has its root in L. laudo, to praise.] ALLOWABLE, al-low'a-bl, adj. that may be allowed: not forbidden: lawful.adv. ALLOW'ABLY.-N. ALLOW'ABLENESS. ALLOWANCE, al-low'ans, n. that which is allowed: a stated quantity: abatement.

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ALLOY, al-loi', v.t. to mix one metal with another to reduce the purity of a metal by mixing a baser one with it.-n. a mixture of two or more metals (when mercury is one of the ingredients, it is an AMALGAM): a baser metal mixed with a finer: anything that deteriorates. [Fr. aloi, standard of metals, aloyer, It. allegare, to alloy-L. ad legem, according to law.]

ALL-SAINTS'-DAY, awl-sants'-dā, n. November 1, a feast of the Roman Catholic Church in honor of all the saints. [See ALL-HALLOWs.]

ALL-SOULS'-DAY, awl-sōlz'-da, n. the second day of November, a feast of the Roman Catholic Church held to pray for all souls in purgatory. ALLUDE, al-lūd', v.i. to mention slightly in passing to refer to. [L. ad, at, ludo, lusum, to play.]

ALLURE, al-lur', v.t. to draw on as by a lure or bait: to entice. [L. ad, to, and LURE.]

ALLURE, al-lūr', n. same as ALLUREMENT. Longfellow. (Rare.)

ALLURING, al-lur'ing, adj. enticing.adv. ALLUR'INGLY.-n. ALLURE'MENT. ALLUSION, al-lū'zhun, n. an indirect ref

erence.

ALLUSIVE, al-lus'iv, adj. alluding to: hinting at: referring to indirectly.-adv. ALLUSIVELY.

ALLUVIUM, al-lu'vi-um, n. the mass of water-borne matter deposited by rivers on lower lands:-pl. ALLU'VIA. — adj. ALLUVIAL. [L.—alluo, to wash to or on -ad, and luo lavo, to wash.] ALLY, al-li', v.t. to form a relation by marriage, friendship, treaty, or resemblance-pa.p. allied'. [Fr.-L. alligo, -are-ad, ligo, to bind.]

ALLY, al-li', n. a confederate: a prince or state united by treaty or league:—pl. ALLIES'.

ALMANAC, al'ma-nak, n. a register of the days, weeks, and months of the year,

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etc. [Fr.-Gr. almenichiaka (in Eusebius), an Egyptian word, prob. sig. “daily observation of things."

ALMIGHTY, awl-mit'i, adj. possessing all might or power: omnipotent.-THE ALMIGHTY, God.

ALMIGHTYSHIP, awl-mit-i-ship, n. the state or quality of being almighty: omnipotent. Cowley.

ALMOND, ä'mund, n. the fruit of the almond-tree. [Fr. amande-L. amygdalum-Gr. amygdalē.]

ALMONDS, ä'mundz, n.pl. the tonsils or glands of the throat, so called from their resemblance to the fruit of the almondtree.

ALMONER, al'mun-er, n. a distributer of alms.

ALMONRY, al'mun-ri, n. the place where alms are distributed. ALMOST, awl'most, adv. nearly. [Prefix al, quite, and MOST.] ALMS, ämz, n. relief given out of pity to the poor. [A.S. almæsse, through late L., from Gr. eleemosyne-eleos, compassion.] ALMS-DEED, ämz'-dēd, n. a charitable deed.

ALMS-HOUSE, ämz-hows, n. a house endowed for the support and lodging of the poor.

ALMUG, al'mug, n. a tree or wood mentioned in the Bible, kind uncertain. [Heb.]

ALNASCHARISM, al-nas'ker-izm, n. an action or conduct like that of Alnaschar, the hero of a well-known story in the "Arabian Nights"; anything done during a day-dream or reverie. "With maternal alnascharism she had, in her reveries, thrown back her head with disdain, as she repulsed the family advances of some wealthy but low-born heiress."Miss Edgeworth.

ALOE, alo, n. a genus of plants with juicy leaves yielding the gum called aloes. [Gr. aloē.]

ALOES, al'ōz, n. a purgative drug, the juice of several species of aloe. ALOFT, a-loft', adv. on high: overhead: (naut.) above the deck, at the mast-head. [Prefix a (-A.S. on), on, and LOFT.] ALONE, al-ōn', adj. single: solitary.-adv. singly, by one's self. [AL (for ALL), quite, and ONE.]

ALONG, a-long', adv. by or through the length of lengthwise: throughout: onward: (fol. by with) in company of. prep. by the side of: near. [A.Š. andlang-prefix and-, against, and LONG.] ALOOF, a-loof', adv. at a distance: apart. Used as a prep. in old authors. [Prefix a (-A.S. on), on, and LooF. See LOOF, LUFF.]

ALOUD, a-lowd', adv. with a loud voice: loudly. [From A.S. on, on, and hlyd, noise, Ger. laut. See LOUD.] ALOW, a-lo', adv. in a low place :-opp. to ALOFT.

ALP, alp, n. a high mountain :-pl. ALPS, specially applied to the lofty mountainranges of Switzerland. [L.-Gael. alp, a mountain allied to L. albus, whitewhite with snow.]

ALPACA, al-pak'a, n. the Peruvian sheep, akin to the llama, having long silken wool: cloth made of its wool. [Peruvian.]

ALPEN-STOCK, alp'n-stok, n. a long stick or staff used by travellers in climbing the Alps. [Ger.]

ALPHA, al'fa, n. the first letter of the Greek alphabet: the first or beginning. [Gr. alpha-Heb. aleph, an ox, the name of the first letter, which in its original figure resembled an ox's head.] ALPHABET, al'fa-bet, n. the letters of a

ALTO

language arranged in the usual order. [Gr. alpha, beta, the first two Greek letters.] ALPHABETIC, -AL, al-fa-bet'ik, -al, adj.

relating to or in the order of an alphabet. -adv. ALPHABETICALLY.

ALPINE, alp'in or alp'in, adj. pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountains: very high. ALREADY, awl-red'i, adv. previously, or before the time specified.

ALREADY, awl-red'i, adj. existing now: being at the present time or for some time past: present. "Lord Hobart and Lord Fitzwilliam are both to be earls tomorrow; the former, of Buckingham, the latter by his already title."-H. Walpole.

ALSO, awl'so, adv. in like manner: further. [All, quite, just; so, in that or the same manner.]

ALTAR, awlt'ar, n., a high place on which sacrifices were anciently offered: in Christian churches, the communion table: (fig.) a place of worship. [L. altare-altus, high.]

ALTARPIECE, awlt'ar-pēs, n. a painting or decorations placed over an altar. ALTER, awl'ter, v.t. to make other or different to change: to geld, as animals (Amer.).—v.i. to become different: to vary. [L. alter, other, another—al (root of alius, other), and the old comparative suffix -ter-E. -ther.] ALTERABLE, awl'ter-a-bl, adj. that may be altered.-adv. ALTERABLY. ALTERATION, awl-ter-a'shun, n. change. ALTERATIVE, awl'ter-at-iv, adj. having power to alter.-n. a medicine that makes a change in the vital functions. ALTERCATE, al'ter-kāt, v.i. to dispute or wrangle. [L. altercor, -catus, to bandy words from one to the other (alter).] ALTERCATION, al-ter-ka'shun, n. contention: controversy. ALTERNANTHERA, awl-ter-nan'ther-a, n. a genus of plants belonging to Amaranthaceæ, so called from the staraens being alternately fertile and barren. They have opposite leaves, and small tribracteate flowers, arranged in heads. Several species are grown in gardens for the sake of their richly-colored foliage. ALTERNATE, al'ter-nāt or al-ter'nāt, v.t. to cause to follow by turns or one after the other.-v.i. to happen by turns: to follow every other or second time. [L. alter, other.]

ALTERNATE, al-ter'nāt, adj., one after the other by turns.-adv. ALTER'NATELY. Old spelling, ALTERN for both adj. and adv. Milton. ALTERNATION, al-ter-na'shun, n. the act of alternating: interchange. ALTERNATIVE, al-ter'nat-iv, adj. offering a choice of two things.-n. a choice between two things.-adv. ALTER'NA

TIVELY.

ALTERNIZE, al-ter-niz', v.t. to cause to follow alternately to alternate. "A têteà-tête alternized with a trio by my son." Miss Burney. (Rare.)

ALT-HORN, alt’horn, n. a musical instrument of the sax-horn family, often replacing the French horn in military bands. ALTHOUGH, awl-thō', conj. admitting all that: notwithstanding that. [See THOUGH.]

ALTIFY, al'ti-fi, v.t. to heighten: to exaggerate. (Rare.) "Every county 18 given to magnify-not to say aliifytheir own things therein."-Fuller. ALTITUDE, alt'i-tud, n., height. [L. altitudo-altus, high.]

ALTO, alt'o, n. (orig.) the highest part sung by males: the lowest voice in women. [It.-L. altus, high.]

ALTOGETHER

ALTOGETHER, awl-too-geth'er, adv., all | together: wholly: completely: without exception. ALTO-RELIEVO, ALTO-RILIEVO, alt'ore-lē'vo, n., high relief: figures projected by at least half their thickness from the ground on which they are sculptured. [It. alto, high. See RELIEF.] ALTRUISM, al'troo-ism, n. the principle of living and acting for the interest of others. [L. alter, another.] ALUM, al'um, n. a mineral salt, the double sulphate of alumina and potash. [L. alumen.]

ALUMINĂ, al-u'min-a, ALUMINE, al'umin, n. one of the earths: the characteristic ingredient of common clay. Alumina is a compound of aluminium and oxygen. [L. alumen, alum.]

ALUMINOUS, al-ū’min-us, adj. containing alum, or alumina.

ALUMINUM, al-ū’min-um, ALUMINIUM, al-u-min'i-um, n. the metallic base of alumina, a metal resembling silver, and remarkable for its lightness. ALUMNUS, al-um'nus, n. one educated at a college is called an alumnus of that college-pl. ALUM'NI. [L. from alo, to nourish.]

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ALWAYS, awl'waz, ALWAY, awl'wa, adv. through all ways: continually forever. AM, am, the first person of the verb To be. [A.S. eom; Gr. eimi; Lat. sum for esum; Sans. asmi-as, to be.]

AMAIN, a-man', adv., with main or strength: with sudden force. [Pfx. a and MAIN.]

AMALGAM, a-malgam, n. a compound of mercury with another metal: any soft mixture. [L. and Gr. malagma, an emolient-Gr. malasso, to soften.] AMALGAMATE, a-mal'gam-āt, v.t. to mix mercury with another metal: to compound.-v.i. to unite in an amalgam: to blend to intermarry, as the black and white races. (Amer.)

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AMALGAMATION, a-mal-gam-a'shun, n. the blending of different things. AMANUENSIS, a-man-u-en'sis, n. one who writes to dictation: a copyist: a secretary. [L.-ab, from, and manus, the hand.]

AMARANTH, US, a'mar-anth, -us, n. a genus of plants with richly colored flowers, that last long without withering, as Love-lies-bleeding. [Gr. amarantos, unfading-a, neg., and root mar, to waste away; allied to Lat. mori, to die.] Old form, AMARANT. Milton. AMARANTHINE, a-mar-anth'in, adj. pertaining to amaranth: unfading. AMASS, a-mas', v.t. to gather in large quantity: to accumulate. [Fr. amasser -L. ad, to, and massa, a mass.] AMATEUR, am-at-ār', n. one who cultivates a particular study or art for the love of it, and not professionally. [Fr.L. amator, a lover-amo, to love.] AMATIVE, am'at-iv, adj., relating to love: amorous. [From L. amo, -atum, to love.] AMATIVENESS, am'at-iv-nes, n. propensity to love.

AMATORY, am'at-or-i, adj., relating to, or causing love: affectionate.

AMAZE, a-maz', v.t. to put the mind in a maze: to confound with surprise or wonder.-n. astonishment: perplexity. [Prefix a, and MAZE.]

AMAZE, a-maz, v.i. to wonder: to be amazed.

Madam, amaze not; see his majesty Return'd with glory from the Holy Land.-Peele. AMAZEDNESS, a-maz'ed-nes, AMAZEMENT, a-maz'ment, n. a feeling of surprise mixed with wonder. AMAZING,a-maz'ing, p.adj.causing amazement: astonishing.-adv. AMAZINGLY.

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AMAZON, am'az-on, n. one of a fabled nation of female warriors: a masculine woman: a virago. [Ety. dub., perhaps from Gr. a, priv., mazos, a breast; they were said to cut off the right breast that they might use their weapons more freely.]

AMAZONIAN, am-az-ōn'ian, adj. of or like an Amazon: of masculine manners: warlike.

AMBASSADOR, am-bas'a-dur, n. a diplomatic minister of the highest order sent by one sovereign power to another.-fem. AMBASS'ADRESS. adj. AMBASSADOR'IAL. [It. ambasciadore, L. ambactus, derived by Grimm from Goth. andbahts, a servant, whence Ger. amt, office.] AMBER, am'ber, n. a yellowish fossil resin, used in making ornaments. [Fr.-Ar. anbar.] AMBERGRIS, am'ber-grēs, n. a fragrant substance, of a gray color, found on the sea-coast of warm countries, and in the intestines of the spermaceti whale. [AMBER and Fr. gris, gray.] AMBIDEXTER, amb'i-deks'ter, n. one who uses both hands with equal facility: a double-dealer.-adj. AMBIDEX'TROUS. [L. ambo, both, dexter, right hand.] AMBIENT, amb'i-ent, adj., going round: surrounding: investing. [L. ambi, about, iens, ientis, pr.p. of eo, to go.] AMBIGUITY, amb-ig-u'i-ti, AMBIGUOUSNESS, amb-ig'u-us-nes, n. uncertainty or doubleness of meaning. AMBIGUOUS, amb-ig'u-us, adj. of doubtful signification: equivocal.-adv. AMBIG'UOUSLY. [L. ambiguus-ambigo, to go about-ambi, about, ago, to drive.] AMBITION, amb-ish'un, n. the desire of power, honor, fame, excellence; also, grudge, spite (Amer.). [L. ambitio, the going about, i.e., the canvassing for votes practiced by candidates for office in Rome-ambi, about, and eo, itum, to go.] AMBITIONIST, am-bi'shon-ist, n. an ambitious person: one devoted to self-aggrandizement. "A selfish ambitionist and quack."-Carlyle.

AMICABLE

attack by surprise: a body of troops in concealment. [Fr. embuscade-It." im boscare, to lie in ambush-im, in, and bosco, a wood, from root of BUSH.] AMBUSH, am'boosh, n. and v. same meanings as AMBUSCADE. [O. Fr. embusche. See AMBUSCADE.]

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AMEER, a-mēr', n. a title of honor, also of
an independent ruler in Mohammedan
countries. [Ar. amir. See ADMIRAL.]
AMELIORATE, a-mēl'yor-āt, v.t., to make
better to improve.-v.i. to grow better.
-adj. AMELIORATIVE. —n. AMELIORA'-
TION. [L. ad, to, and melior, better.]
AMEN, a'men', ä'men', int. so let it be !
[Gr.-Heb. amen, firm, true.]
AMEN, a'men, v.t. 1, to say amen to: to
approve to homologate. (Rare.) . Is
there a bishop on the bench that has not
amen'd the humbug in his lawn sleeves,
and called a blessing over the kneeling
pair of perjurers?"-Thackeray. 2, to
end: to finish. "This very evening
have I amen'd the volume."-Southey.
AMENABLE, a-mēn'a-bl, adj. easy to be
led or governed: liable or subject to.-
adv. AMEN ABLY. —ns. AMENABILITY,
AMEN ABLENESS. [Fr. amener, to lead-
a-L. ad, and mener, to lead-Low L
minare, to lead, to drive (as cattle)-L.
minari, to threaten.]

JOUS-MEND, a-med', v.t. to correct; to im

AMBITIOUS, amb-ish'us, adj. full of ambition: desirous of power: aspiring: indicating ambition.-adv. AMBITIOUSLY.— n. AMBITIOUSNESS.

AMBLE, am'bl, v.i. to move as a horse by lifting both legs on each side alternately: to move affectedly.-n. a pace of a horse between a trot and a walk. [Fr. ambler -L. ambulo, to walk about.] AMBLER, am'bler, n. a horse that ambles. AMBROSIA, am-bro'zhi-a, n. the fabled food of the gods, which conferred immortality on those who partook of it. [L.-Gr. ambrosios-ambrotos, immortal -a, neg., and brotos, mortal, for mrotos, Sans. mrita, dead-mri (L. mori), to die.] AMBROSIAL, am-bro'zhi-al, adj. fragrant: delicious.-adv. AMBRO'SIALLY. AMBROSIAN, am-brō'zhi-an, adj. relating to ambrosia: relating to St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan in the 4th century. AMBRY, am'bri, n. a niche in churches in which the sacred utensils were kept: a cupboard for victuals. [O. Fr. armarie, a repository for arms; Fr. armoire, a cupboard-L. armarium, a chest for arms -arma, arms.]

AMBULANCE, am'bül-ans, n. a carriage which serves as a movable hospital for the wounded in battle. [Fr.-L.,ambulans, -antis, pr.p. of ambulo, to walk about.]

AMBULATORY, am'bül-at-or-i, adj. having the power or faculty of walking: moving from place to place, not stationary.-n. any part of a building intended for walking in, as the aisles of a church. AMBUSCADE, am'busk-ad, n. a hiding to

prove.-v.i. to grow or become better.adj. AMEND'ABLE. [Fr. amender for emender-L. emendo, -are, to remove a fault -e, ex, out of, and menda, a fault.] AMENDMENT, a-mend'ment, n. correction: improvement.

AMENDS, a-mendz', n.pl. supply of a loss: compensation.

AMENITY, am-en'i-ti, n., pleasantness, as regards situation, climate, manners, or disposition. [Fr. aménité-L. amœnitas -amanus, pleasant, from root of amo, to love.]

AMERCE, a-mers', v.t. to punish by a fine. [O. Fr. amercier, to impose a fine-L merces, wages, fine.] AMERCÉMENT, a-mers'ment, n. a penalty inflicted. AMERICAN, a-mer'ik-an, adj., pertaining to America, especially to the United States.-n. a native of America. [From America, so called accidently from Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator who explored part of the continent after its discovery by Columbus.] AMERICANIZE, a-mer'ik-an-iz, v.t. to render American.

AMERICANISM, a-mer'ik-an-izm, n. a word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Americans.

AMETHYST, a'meth-ist, n. a bluish-violet variety of quartz of which drinking-cups used to be made, which the ancients supposed prevented drunkenness.-adj. AMETHYST INE. [Gr. amethystos-a, neg., methyō, to be drunken-methu, wine, Eng. mead, Sans, madhu, sweet.] AMIABILITY, am-i-a-bil'i-ti, AMIABLENESS, am'i-a-bl-nes, n. quality of being amiable, or of exciting love. AMIABLE, am'i-a-bl, adj., lovable: worthy of love.-adv. A'MIABLY. [Fr. amiable, friendly-L. amicabilis, from amicus, a friend; there is a confusion in meaning with Fr. aimable, lovable-L. amabilisamo, to love.] AMIANTHUS, a-mi-anth'us, n. the finest fibrous variety of asbestus; it can be made into cloth which when stained is readily cleansed by fire. [Gr. amiantos, unpollutable-a, neg., and miainò, to soil.] AMICABLE, am'ik-a-bl, adj., friendly.adv. AM'ICABLY.-ns. AMICABIL'ITY, AMICABLENESS. [L. amicabilis-amo, to love.]

AMICE

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ANATHEMA

a species of boa, found in South America. ANACREONTIC, an-a-kre-ont'ik, adj. after the manner of the Greek poet Anacreon: free.

AMICE, am'is, n. a flowing cloak formerly | AMPHISBÆNA, am-fis-bē'na, n. a serpent | ANACONDA, an-a-kon'da, n. a large snake, worn by priests and pilgrims: a linen garment worn by priests about the shoulders while celebrating mass. [0. Fr. amis, amict-L. amictus-amicio, to wrap about-amb, about, and jacio, to throw.]

AMID, a-mid', AMIDST, a-midst', prep., in the middle or midst : among.-adv. AMID'SHIPS, half-way between the stem and stern of a ship. [Prefix a, on, in, and A.S. mid, middle.J

AMIR, a-mēr'. Same as AMEER. AMISS, a-mis', adj. in error: wrong.-adv. in a faulty manner. [a, on, and Ice. missa, a loss. See MISS.] AMITY, am'i-ti, n., friendship: good-will, [Fr. amitié-ami-L. amicus, a friend. See AMICABLE.]

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AMMIRAL, am'mi-ral, n. admiral; also a ship. (Obs.)

AMMONIA, am-mon'-i-a, n. a pungent gas yielded by smelling-salts, and by burning feathers, etc. [From sal-ammoniac, or smelling-salts, first obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon.] AMMONIAC, AL, am-mōn'i-ak, -i'ak-al, adj. pertaining to or having the properties of ammonia.

AMMONITE, am'mon-īt, n. the fossil shell of an extinct genus of mollusks, so called because they resembled the horns on the statue of Jupiter Ammon, worshipped as

a ram.

AMMUNITION, am-mun-ish'un, n. anything used for munition or defence: military stores, esp. powder, balls, bombs, etc. [L. ad, for, munitio, defence-munio, to defend.]

AMNESTY, am'nest-i, n. a general pardon of political offenders. [Gr. a-mnestos, not remembered.]

AMOEBA, a-mēb'a, n. a microscopic animal capable of undergoing many changes of form at will:-pl. AMOEB'Æ. [Gr. ameibō, to change.]

AMENOMANIA,a-me'nō-maʼni-a,n. a form of mania in which the hallucinations are of an agreeable nature. [L. amœnus, pleasant, and Gr. mania, madness.] AMONG, a-mung', AMONGST, a-mungst', prep. of the number of: amidst. [A.S. on-gemang-mangan, to mingle.] AMOROUS, am'or-us, adj. easily inspired with love: fondly in love: relating to love.-adv. AM'OROUSLY.-n. AM'OROUSNESS. [L. amor, love.] AMORPHOUS, a-morf'us, adj. without regular shape, shapeless. [Gr. a, neg., and morphe, form.]

AMOUNT, a-mownt', v.i. to mount or rise to to result in.-n. the whole sum: the effect or result. [O. Fr. amonter, to ascend-L. ad, to, mons, a mountain.] AMOUR, am-ōōr', n. a love intrigue. [Fr. -L. amor, love.]

AMPHIBIA, am-fi'bi-a, AMPHIBIALS or AMPHIBIANS, n.pl. animals capable of living both under water and on land.-adj. AMPHIBIOUS. [Gr. amphi, both, bios, life.] AMPHIBLASTIC, am-fi-blas'tik, adj. in physiol. a term applied to the series of ova intermediate between the holoblastic or mammalian ova, and the meroblastic, or ova of birds or reptiles. AMPHICTYONIC, am-fik-ti-on'ik, adj. The Amphictyonic Council was an old Greek assembly composed of deputies from twelve of the leading states. [Gr. amphiktyones, orig. dub.] AMPHIGORIC, am-fi-gor'ik, adj.of, relating to, or consisting of amphigory: absurd: nonsensical.

AMPHIGORY, am'fi-gor-i, n. a meaningless rigmarole: nonsense verses or the like: a nonsensical parody. [Fr. amphigouri.]

that can go both ways, forward or backward. [Gr. amphis, amphi, on both sides, baino, to go or walk.] AMPHITHEATRE, am-fi-the'a-ter, n. an oval or circular edifice having rows of seats one above another, around an open space, called the arena, in which public spectacles were exhibited: anything like an amphitheatre in form. [Gr. amphi, round about, theatron, a place for seeing -theaomai, to see.]

AMPLE, am'pl, adj. spacious: large enough: liberal.-adv. AM'PLY.-N. AM'PLENESS. [L. amplus, large.] AMPLIFICATION, am'pli-fi-ka'shun, n. enlargement.

AMPLIFY, am'pli-fi, v.t. to make more copious in expression: to add to. [L. amplus, large, and facio, to make.] AMPLITUDE, am'pli-tūd, n. largeness: the distance from the east point of a horizon at which a heavenly body rises, or from the west point at which it sets. AMPUTATE, am'put-āt, v.t. to cut off, as a limb of an animal.-n. AMPUTATION. [L. amb, round about, puto, to cut.] AMRITA, am'rē-tā, n. in Hindu myth. the ambrosia of the gods: the beverage of immortality, that resulted from the churning of the ocean by the gods and demons. [Sans. amritam, from a, priv., and mri, to die; akin to L. mors, death. See MORTAL.]

AMUCK, a-muk', adv. wildly: madly. [Malay, amok, intoxicated or excited to madness.]

AMULET, ́am'u-let, n. a gem, scroll, or other object carried about the person, as a charm against evil. [L. amulētum, a word of unknown origin; curiously like the mod. Ar. himalah, -at, lit. "a carrier," often applied to a shoulder-belt, by which a small Koran is hung on the breast.]

AMUSE, a-mūz', v.t. to occupy pleasantly: to beguile with expectation. [Fr. amuser.]

AMUSEMENT, a-müz'ment, n. that which amuses: pastime.

AMUSING, a-muz'ing, adj. affording amusement: entertaining.-adv. AMUS

INGLY.

AMYLOID, am'il-oid, n. a half-gelatinous substance like starch, found in some seeds. [Gr. amylon, the finest flour, starch; lit. "unground "-a, neg., mylē, a mill, and eidos, form.]

AN, an, adj., one: the indefinite article, used before words beginning with the sound of a vowel. [A.S. an. See ONE.] AN, an, conj. if. [A form of AND.] ANA, a'na, a suffix to names of persons or places, denoting a collection of memorable sayings, as Johnsoniana, sayings of Dr. Johnson. [The neuter plural termination of L. adjectives in -anus-pertaining to.]

ANABAPTIST, an-a-bapt'ist, n. one who holds that baptism ought to be administered only to adults (by immersion), and therefore that those baptized in infancy ought to be baptized again.―n. ANABAPTISM. [Gr. ana, again, baptizō, to dip in water, to baptize.] ANACHORISM, a-nak'o-rizm, n. something not suited to or inconsistent with the country to which it is referred. J. R. Lowell. [Modelled on anachronism, from Gr. ana, here implying error or divergence, and chōra, a country.] ANACHRONISM,an-a'kron-izm, n. an error in regard to time, whereby a thing is assigned to an earlier or to a later age than what it belongs to.-adj. ANACHRONIST'IC. [Gr. ana, backwards, chronos, time.]

ANÆMIA, an-ēm'i-a, n. a morbid want of blood: the condition of the body after great loss of blood. [Gr. a, an, neg., haima, blood.]

ANESTHETIC, an-es-thet'ik, adj. produc ing insensibility. -n. a substance, as chloroform, that produces insensibility. [Gr. a, an, neg., aisthesis, sensationaisthanomai, to feel.]

ANAGLYPH, an'a-glif, n. an ornament carved in relief.-adj. ANAGLYPTIC. [Gr. ana, up, glyphō, to carve.] ANAGRAM, an'a-gram, n. a word or sentence formed by rewriting (in a different order) the letters of another word or sentence: as "live 66 - 'evil."-adj. AnaGRAMMATIC, -AL. [Gr. ana, again, grapho, to write.]

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ANAL, an❜al, adj. pertaining to or near

the anus.

ANALGESIA, an-al-jē'si-a, n. in pathol. absence of pain whether in health or disease. Dunglison. [Gr. an, priv., and algos, pain.]

ANALOGICAL, an-a-loj'ik-al, adj. having, or according to, analogy. ANALOGOUS, an-a'log-us, adj. having analogy: bearing some resemblance to: similar.

ANALOGUE, an'a-log, n. a word or body bearing analogy to, or resembling another: (anat.) an organ which performs the same function as another, though differing from it in structure. [See HOMOLOGUE.]

ANALOGY, an-alŏ-ji, n. an agreement or correspondence in certain respects between things otherwise different: relation in general: likeness. [Gr. ana, according to, and logos, ratio.] ANALYZE, anʼa-liz, v.t. to resolve a whole into its elements: to separate into component parts.-adj. ANALYZ'ABLE. [Gr. ana, up, lyo, to loosen.] ANALYSIS, an-a'lis-is, n. a resolving or separating a thing into its elements or component parts:-pl. ANALYSES. [See ANALYZE.]

ANALYST, an'al-ist, n. one skilled in analysis. ANALYTIC, -AL, an-a-lit'ik, -al, adj. pertaining to analysis: resolving into first principles.-adv. ANALYTICALLY. ANAPEST, an'a-pest, n. (in verse) a foot consisting of three syllables, two short and the third long, or (in Eng.) two unaccented and the third accented, as appre-hend'. [Gr. anapaistos, reversed, because it is the dactyl reversed.] ANAPESTIC, -AL, an-a-pest'ik, -al, adj.

pertaining to or consisting of anapests. ANAPHRODISIA, an-af'ro-diz'i-a, n. the absence of venereal power or desire: impotence. [Gr. an, priv., and aphrodisios, venereal, from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.] AÑAPODEICTIC, an-ap'o-dik'tik, adj. incapable of being demonstrated. [Gr. an, priv., and apodeiktikos, demonstrable.] AÑAPTOTIC, an-ap-tot'ik, adj. in philol. applied to languages which have a tendency to lose the use of inflections. [Gr ana, back, and ptosis, inflection.] ANARCHIST, an'ark-ist, n. one who promotes anarchy. Old form ANARCH. ANARCHIZE, anʼar-kiz, v.t. to put into a state of anarchy or confusion. ANARCHY, an'ark-i, n. the want of government in a state: political confusion.adjs. ANARCH'IC, ANARCH'ICAL. [Gr. a, an, neg., arche, government.] ANATHEMA, an-a'them-a, n. (orig.) an

ANATHEMATIZE

offering made and set up in a temple: an ecclesiastical curse: any person or thing anathematized. [Gr. ana, up, tithēmi, to set.]

ANATHEMATIZE, an-a'them-at-īz, v.t. to pronounce accursed.

ANATOMIC, -AL, an-a-tom'ik, -al, adj. relating to anatomy.

ANATOMIZE, an-a'tom-iz, v.t. to dissect a body: (fig.) to lay open minutely. [From ANATOMY.]

ANATOMIST, an-a'tom-ist, n. one skilled in anatomy.

ANATOMY, an-a'tom-i, n. the art of dis

secting any organized body: science of the structure of the body learned by dissection. [Gr. ana, up, asunder, temno, to cut.]

ANBURY, an'ber-i, n. a disease in turnips, in which the root becomes divided into a number of parts-hence the popular name FINGERS AND TOES. [From A.S. ampre, a crooked swelling vein.] ANCESTOR, an'ses-tur, n. one from whom a person has descended: a forefather.fem. AN'CESTRESS.-adj. ANCESTRAL. [O. Fr. ancestre-L. antecessor-ante, before, cedo, cessum, to go.]

ANCESTRY, an'ses-tri, n. a line of ancestors: lineage.

ANCHOR, angk'ur, n. a hooked iron instru- | ment that holds a ship by sticking into the ground: (fig.) anything that gives stability or security.-v.t. to fix by an anchor to fasten.-v.i. to cast anchor: to stop, or rest on. [Fr. ancre-L. ancora -Gr. angkyra, from angkos, a bend-root angk, bent. Conn. with ANGLE.] ANCHORAGE, angk'ur-aj, n. ground for anchoring: duty imposed on ships for anchoring.

ANCHORET, ang'kor-et, ANCHORITE, ang'kor-it, n. one who has withdrawn from the world: a hermit. [Gr. anachōrētēs-ana, apart, chōreō, to go.] ANCHORITISH, ang-kō-rīt'ish, adj. of or pertaining to an anchorite, or his mode of life anchoretic. "Sixty years of religious reverie and anchoritish selfdenial."-De Quincey.

ANCHORITISM, ang kō-rit-izm, n the state of being secluded from the world: the condition of an anchorite. ANCHORLESS, ang'ker-les, adj. being without an anchor: hence, drifting: unstable. 66 My homeless, anchorless, unsupported mind."-Charlotte Bronte. ANCHOVY, an-chō'vi, n. a small fish of the herring kind from which a sauce is made. [Sp. and Port. anchova; Fr. anchois. Of doubtful ety.]

ANCIENT, ān'shent, adj. old: belonging

to former times.-.pl. .AN'CIENTS, those who lived in remote times: in B., elders. -adv. ANCIENTLY.-N. AN'CIENTNESS.

[Fr. ancien-Low L. antianus, old-L. ante, before, prob. conn. with AND. See ANTIQUE.]

ANCIENT, an'shent, n. (obs.) a flag or its bearer an ensign. [Corr. of Fr. enseigne. See ENSIGN.]

ANCILLARY, anʼsil-ar-i, adj. subservient. [L. ancilla, a maid-servant.] ANCORIST, ang kō-rist, n. one withdrawn from the world: a hermit: an anchoret, or anchoress. "A woman lately turned an ancorist."-Fuller.

AND, and, conj. signifies addition, and is used to connect words and sentences: in M.E. it was used for if. [A.S., and in the other Teut. lang. prob. allied to L. ante, Gr. anti, over against.] ANDANTE, an-dan'te, adj., going easily: moderately slow: expressive. [It.-andare, to go.]

ANDIRON, and'i-urn, n. the iron bars which support the ends of the logs in

14

a wood-fire, or in which a spit turns. [Ety. dub.]

ANECDOTAL, an'ek-dot-al, ANECDOTICAL, an-ek-dot'i-kal, adj., in the form of an anecdote.

ANECDOTARIAN, an'ek-dō-tā'ri-an, n. one who deals in or retails anecdotes: an anecdotist. "Our ordinary anecdotarians make use of libels."-Roger North. ANECDOTE, an'ek-dōt, n. an incident of private life: a short story. [Gr., not published-a, an, neg., and ekdotos, published-ek, out, and didōmi, to give.Ĵ ANELE, an-el', v.t. to anoint with oil: to administer extreme unction. [A.S. onelan-on, on, and ele, oil.] ANEMOMETER, a-nem-om'et-er, n. an instrument for measuring the force of the wind. [Gr. anemos, wind, and METER.] ANEMONE, a-nem'o-ne, n. a plant of the crowfoot family. [Said to be from Gr. anemos, wind, because some of the species love exposed situations.] ANEROID, an'e-roid, adj. noting a barometer by which the pressure of the air is measured without the use of liquid or quicksilver. [Gr. a, neg., nēros, wet.] ANETIC, a-net'ik, adj. in med. relieving or assuaging pain: anodyne. [Gr. anetikos, relaxing.

ANEURISM, anʼūr-izm, n. a soft tumor, arising from the widening up or dilatation of an artery. [Gr. aneurisma―ana, up, eurys, wide.]

ANEW, a-nu', adv. afresh: again. [M. E. of-new-A.S. of, OF, and NEW.] ANGEL, an'jel, n. a divine messenger: a ministering spirit: an old E. coin-10s., bearing the figure of an angel.-adjs. ANGELIC, an-jel'ik, ANGEL'ICAL. - adv. ANGEL'ICALLY. [Gr. angelos, a messenger.]

ANGELHOOD, ān'jel-höd, n. the state or condition of an angel: the angelic nature or character. E. B. Browning. ANGELOLATRY, an-jel-ol'a-tri, n. the worship of angels. [E. angel, and Gr. latreia, worship.]

ANGER, ang'ger, n. a strong passion excited by injury.-v.t. to make angry. [Ice. angr; allied to ANGUISH.] ANGEVIN, an'je-vin, adj. of or pertaining to Anjou, a former province in the northwest of France.

ANGINA, anj-i'na, n. applied to diseases in which a sense of tightening or suffocation is a prominent symptom. [L. See ANGUISH.J

ANGLE, ang'gl, n. a corner: the point where two lines meet: (geom.) the inclination of two straight lines which meet, but are not in the same straight line. [Fr.-L. angulus: cog. with Gr. angkylos: both from root angk, ak, to bend, seen also in ANCHOR, ANKLE.] ANGLE, anggl, n., a hook or bend: a fishing-rod with line and hook.-v.i. to fish with an angle.-v.t. to entice: to try to gain by some artifice. [A.S. angel, a hook, allied to ANCHOR.]

ANGLER, ang'gler, n. one who fishes with an angle.-ANGLING, ang'gling, n. the art or practice of fishing with an angle. ANGLICAN, ang'glik-an, adj., English. [See ENGLISH.]

ANGLICANISM, ang'glik-an-izm, n. attachment to English institutions, esp. the English Church: the principles of the English Church. ANGLICISM, ang'glis-izm, n. an English idiom or peculiarity of language. ANGLICIZE, ang'glis-iz, v.t. to express in English idiom.

ANGLO-, ang'glo, pfx., English-used in composition: as Anglo-Saxon, etc. ANGLOMANIA, ang glo-mān'i-a, n., a mania for what is English: an indiscrim

ANKLE

inate admiration of English institu tions.

ANGLO-SAXON, ang'glo-saks'un, adj. applied to the earliest form of the English language the term Old English is now preferred by some.

ANGRY, ang'gri, adj. excited with anger : inflamed.-ANGRILY, ang'gri-li, adv. ANGUISH, ang'gwish, n. excessive pain of body or mind: agony. [Fr. angoisse-L. angustia, a strait, straitness-ango, to press tightly: to strangle. See ANGER.] ANGULAR, ang'gul-ar, adj. having an an angle or corner: (fig.) stiff in manner: the opposite of easy or graceful.— n. ANGULAR'ITY.

ANIGHTS, a-nits', adv., of nights, at night. ANILE, an'il, adj. old-womanish: imbecile. -ANILITY, an-il'i-ti, n. [L. anus, an old woman.]

ANILINE, an'il-in, n. a product of coal-tar, extensively used in dyeing. [Anil, an indigo plant, from which also it is made.] ANIMADVERSION, an-im-ad-ver'shun, n. criticism, censure, or reproof. ANIMADVERT, an-im-ad-vert', v.i. to criticise or censure. [L., to turn the mind to-animus, the mind, ad, to, and verto, to turn.]

ANIMAL, an'im-al, n. an organized being, having life, sensation, and voluntary motion: it is distinguished from a plant, which is organized and has life, but not sensation or voluntary motion; the name sometimes implies the absence of the higher faculties peculiar to man.-adj. of or belonging to animals: sensual. [L. -anima, air, life, Gr. anemos, wind-aō, aemi, Sans. an, to breathe, to blow.] ANIMALCULE, an-im-al'kul, n., a small animal, esp. one that cannot be seen by the naked eye-pl. ANIMAL'CULES, Of ANIMAL CULA. [L. animalculum, dim of animal.]

ANIMALISM, an'im-al-izm, n. the state of being actuated by animal appetites only : sensuality.

ANIMATE, an'im-āt, v.t. to give life to: to enliven or inspirit.-adj. living: possessing animal life. [See ANIMAL.] ANIMATE, an'i-mat, v.i. to become enlivened or exhilarated: to rouse. "Mr. Arnott, animating at this speech, glided behind her chair."-Miss Burney. ANIMATED, an'im-at-ed, adj. lively: full of spirit.

ANIMATION, an-im-a'shun, n. liveliness:

vigor.

ANIMISM, an'im-izm, n. theory which regards the belief in spirits, that appear in dreams, etc., as the germ of religious ideas. [L. anima, the soul.] ANIMOSITY, an-im-os'i-ti, n. bitter hatred: enmity. [L. animositas, fullness of spirit. See ANIMAL.] ANIMUS, an'im-us, n. intention: spirit: prejudice against. [L. animus, spirit, soul, as dist. from anima, the mere life. See ANIMAL.]

ANISE, an'is, n. aromatic plant, the seeds of which are used in making cordials. [Gr. anison.]

ANISOMETRIC, a-ni'so-met'rik, adj. a term applied to crystals which are developed dissimilarly in the three axial directions. [Gr. anisos, unequal, and metron, a measure.]

ANISOTROPE, an'i-so-trop, ANISOTROP IC, an'i-so-trop'ik, adj. having different properties in different directions: not isotropic: æolotropic.

ANKER, angk'er, n. a liquid measure used on the continent, formerly in England, varying from about seven to nine gallons. [Dut.]

ANKLE, angk'l, n. the joint between the foot and leg, forming an angle or bend.

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