ANKLET [AS. ancleow, cog. with Ger. enkel, and conn. with ANGLE.] ANKLET, angk'let, n. an ornament for the ankle. ANNA, an'a, n. an Indian coin worth 3 cts. ANNALIST, an'al-ist, n. a writer of annals. ANNALS, an'alz, n.pl. records of events under the years in which they happened: year-books. [L. annales-annus, a year.] ANNEAL, an-el', v.t. to temper glass or metals by subjecting them to great heat and gradually cooling: to heat in order to fix colors on, as glass.-n. ANNEALING. [A.S. analan, to set on fire-alan, to burn.] ANNELIDA, an-el'i-da, n. a class of animals having a long body composed of numerous rings, as worms, leeches, &c. [L. annellus, dim. of annulus, a ring.] ANNEX, an-neks', v.t. to add to the end: to affix.-n. something added. [L.—ad, to, necto, to tie.] ANNEXATION, an-neks-a'shun, n. act of annexing. ANNIHILATE, an-ni'hil-āt, v.t. to reduce to nothing: to put out of existence. [L. ad, to, nihil, nothing.] ANNIHILATION, an-ni-hil-a'shun, n. state of being reduced to nothing: act of destroying. ANNIVERSARY, an-ni-vers'ar-i, adj., returning or happening every year: annual. -n. the day of the year on which an event happened or is celebrated. [L. annus, a year, and verto, versum, to turn.] ANNOMINATE, an-nom'in-āt, v.t. to name: especially, to give a punning or alliterative name to. (Rare.) "How then shall these chapters be annominated ? ”— Southey. ANNOTATE, an'not-āt, v.t., to make notes upon. [L. annoto-ad, to, noto, -atum, to mark.] ANNOTATION, an-not-a'shun, n. a note of explanation: comment. ANNOTATOR, an-not-at'ur, n. a writer of notes: a commentator. ANNOUNCE, an-nowns', v.t. to declare: to give public notice of.-n. ANNOUNCE'MENT. [Fr. annoncer, L. annunciare-ad, to, nuncio, -are, to deliver news.] ANNOY, an-noi', v.t. to trouble: to vex: to tease: pr.p. ANNOY'ING; pa.p. ANNOYED'. [Fr. ennuyer, It. annoiare-L. in odio esse, to be hateful to.] ANNOYANCE, an-noi'ans, n. that which annoys. ANNUAL, an'nu-al, adj., yearly: coming every year: requiring to be renewed every year.-n. a plant that lives but one year: a book published yearly.-adv. ANNUALLY. [L. annualis-annus, a year.] ANNUITANT, an-nu'it-ant, n. one who receives an annuity. ANNUITY, an-nu'i-ti, n. a sum of money payable yearly. [L. annus, a year.] ANNUL, an-nul', v.t. to make null, to reduce to nothing: to abolish:—pr.p. ANNULL'ING: pa.p. ANNULLED'. [Fr. annuler --L. ad, to, nullus, none.] ANNULAR, an'nul-ar, adj. ring-shaped. [L. annulus or anulus, a ring-dim. of anus, a rounding or ring.] ANNULATED, an'nul-at-ed, adj. formed or divided into rings. [L. See ANNULAR.] ANNUNCIATION, an-nun-si-a'shun, n. the act of announcing.-ANNUNCIATION-DAY, the anniversary of the Angel's salutation to the Virgin Mary, the 25th of March. [L. See ANNOUNCE.] AÑODYNE, an'o-din, n. a medicine that allays pain. [Gr.a, an, neg.,and odynē, pain.] ANOINT, an-oint', v.t., to smear with ointment or oil to consecrate with oil. [O. Fr. enoindre-L. inungo, inunctum―in, and ungo, to smear.] 15 ANOINTED (the), an-oint'ed, n. the Messiah. ANOMALOUS, an-om'al-us, adj. irregular: deviating from rule. [Gr. anomalos-a, an, neg., and homalos, even-homos, same.] ANOMALY, an-om'al-i, n. irregularity: deviation from rule. [See ANOMALOUS.] ANON, an-on', adv., in one (instant): immediately. ANONYME, an'on-im, n. an assumed or false name. [See ANONYMOUS.] ANONYMITY, an-on-im'i-ti, n. the quality or state of being anonymous. ANONYMOUS, an-on'im-us, adj., wanting a name: not having the real name of the author.-adv. ANONYMOUSLY. [Gr. anōnymos-a, an, neg., and onoma, name.] ANOTHER, an-uth'er, adj. not the same: one more any other. [A.S. an, one, and OTHER.] ANSERINE, an'ser-in or -in, adj., relating | to the goose or goose-tribe. [L. anser; cog. with E. GOOSE (which see), Sans. hamsa.] ANSEROUS, an'ser-us, adj. of or pertaining to a goose or geese: like a goose: hence, foolish: silly: simple. Sydney Smith. ANSWER, an'ser, v.t. to reply to: to satisfy or solve: to suit.-v.i. to reply: to be accountable for: to correspond.-n. a reply: a solution. [Lit. "to swear against,' as in a trial by law, from A.S. and-, against, swerian, to swear.] ANSWERABLE, an'ser-a-bl, adj. able to be answered: accountable: suitable : equivalent.adv. AN'SWERABLY. ANT. ant, n. a small insect: the emmet.n. ANT HILL, the hillock raised by ants to form their nest. [A contr. of EMMETA.S. œmete.] ANTACID, ant-as'id, n. a medicine which counteracts acidity. [Gr. anti, against, and ACID.] ANTAGONISM, ant-ag'on-izm, n., a contending or struggling against: opposition. [Gr. anti, against-agōn, contest. See AGONY.] ANTAGONIST, ant-ag'on-ist, n., one who contends or struggles with another: an opponent. [Gr. antagonistes. See ANTAGONISM.] ANTAGONIST, an-tag'on-ist, ANTAGONISTIC, ant-ag-on-ist'ik, adj. contending against, opposed to. ANTAGONIZE, ant-agʻō-nīz, v.t. to act in opposition to: to counteract: to hinder. (Rare.) "The active principle of valerian root is . . . found to greatly deaden the reflex excitability of the spinal cord, thus antagonizing the operation of strychnine."-Amer. Ency. ANTARCTIC, ant-ärkt'ik, adj., opposite the Arctic: relating to the south pole or to south polar regions. [Gr. anti, opposite, and ARCTIC.] ANTE, an'te, n. a bet placed in opposition to the dealer's bet in playing the game of poker-hence to ante, to bet. ANTECEDENT, an-te-sēd'ent, adj., going before in time: prior.-n. that which precedes in time: (gram.) the noun or pronoun to which a relative pronoun refers: -pl. previous principles, conduct, history, etc.-adv. ANTECED'ENTLY.-N. ANTECED'ENCE. [L. ante, before, cedens, -entis; pr.p. of cedo, cessum, to go.] ANTECHAMBER, an′te-chām-ber, n. See ANTEROOM. ANTE-CHOIR, an'tē-kwir, n. in arch. that part between the doors of the choir and the outer entrance of the screen, under the rood-loft, forming a sort of lobby or vestibule. Ency. Brit. Called also FORE-CHOIR. ANTEDATE, an'te-dāt, v.t., to date before ANTHROPOID. the true time: to anticipate. [L. ante, before, and DATE.] ANTEDILUVIAN, an-te-di-lu'vi-an, adj. existing or happening before the Deluge or the Flood.-n. one who lived before the Flood. [See DELUGE.] ANTELIOS, an-tē'li-os, n. the position of a heavenly body when opposite or over against the sun: used also adjectively. [Gr. antelios, opposite the sun-anti, against, and helios, the sun.] ANTELOPE, an'te-lop, n. a quadruped intermediate between the deer and goat. [Ety. dub.] ANTEMERIDIAN, an-te-me-ri'di-an, adj., before midday or noon. [See MERIDIAN.] ANTE-NAVE, an'te-nav, n. in arch, samé as GALILEE (which see). ANTENNÆ, an-ten'e, n.pl. the feelers or horns of insects. [L. antenna, the yard or beam of a sail.] ANTENUPTIAL, an-te-nupsh'al, adj., before nuptials or marriage. [L. ante, before, and NUPTIAL.] ANTEPENULT, an-te-pen-ult', n. the syllable before the penult or next ultimate syllable of a word; the last syllable of a word but two.-adj. ANTEPENULTIMATE. [L. ante, before, and PENULT.] ANTERIOR, an-te'ri-or, adj., before, in time, or place: in front. [L., comp. of ante, before.] ANTEROOM, an'te-rōōm, n., a room before another: a room leading into a principal apartment. [L. ante, before, and ROOM.] ANTHELIOS, an-thē'li-os, n. same as ANTELIOS. ANTHELMINTIC, an-thel-mint'ik, adj., destroying or expelling worms. [Gr. anti, against, and helmins, helmintos. a worm. ANTHEM, an'them, n. a piece of sacred music sung in alternate parts: a piece of sacred music set to a passage from Scripture. [A.S. antefen-Gr. antiphōna— anti, in return, phōnē, the voice.] ANTHEM, an'them, v.t. to celebrate or salute with an anthem or song. Keats. ANTHER, an'ther, n. the top of the stamen in a flower, which contains the pollen or fertilizing dust. [Gr. anthēros, flowery, blooming.] ANT-HILL. See under ANT. ANTHOGRAPHY, an-thog'ra-fi, n. that branch of botany which treats of flowers: a description of flowers. [Gr. anthos, a flower, and graphe, description.] ANTHOID, an'thoid, adj. having the form of a flower: resembling a flower. [Gr. anthos, a flower, and eidos, form.] ANTHOLOGY, an-thol'oj-i, n. (lit.) a gathering or collection of flowers: a collection of poems or choice literary extracts.-adj. ANTHOLOG'ICAL. [Gr. anthos, a flower, legō, to gather.] ANTHRACITE, an'thras-it, n. a kind of coal that burns without flame, etc. [Gr. anthrax, coal.] ANTHRAX, an'thraks, n. a malignant boil : a splenic fever of sheep and cattle. [L.Gr. anthrax, coal.] ANTHROPOCENTRIC, an-thrō'po-sen'trik, adj. appellative of or pertaining to any theory of the universe or solar system in which man is held to be the ultimate end, and in which he is assumed to be the chief or central part of creation. [Gr. anthropos, a man, and kentron, a centre.] ANTHROPOGENIC, an-thrō'pō-je'nik, adj. of or pertaining to anthropogeny. ANTHROPOGENY, an-thrō'pōj'en-i, the science of the origin and development of man. [Gr. anthropos, man, and gennaō, to beget.] ANTHROPOID, an'throp-oid, adj., in the form of or resembling man. [Gr. an thropos, man, eidos, form.] n. ANTHROPOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY, an-throp-ol'oj-i, n. the natural history of man in its widest sense, treating of his relation to the brutes, the different races, etc.— adj. ANTHROPOLOGICAL. [Gr. anthropos,man, and logos, discourse-legō, to say.] ANTHROPOMORPHISM, an-throp-omorf'izm, n. the representation of the Deity in the form of man or with bodily parts: the ascription to the Deity of human affections and passions.-adj. ANTHROPOMORPH'IC. [Gr. anthrōpos, man, morphe, form.] ANTHROPOPHAGI, an-throp-ofʼaj-i, n.pl., man-eaters, cannibals.-ANTHROPOPHAGOUS, an-throp-of'ag-us, adj. [Gr. anthropos, man, phago, to eat.] ANTHROPOPHAGY, an-throp-of'aj-i, n. cannibalism. ANTIANARCHIC, an'ti-an-är'kik, adj. opposed to anarchy or confusion. "Your antianarchic Girondins."-Carlyle. ANTIC, ant'ik, adj. odd: ridiculous.―n. a fantastic figure: a buffoon: a trick. [Fr. antique-L. antiquus, ancient-ante, before. Doublet of ANTIQUE.] ANTICHRIST, an'ti-krist, n. the great opposer of Christ and Christianity. [Gr. anti, against, and CHRIST.] ANTICHRISTIAN, an-ti-krist'yan, adj. relating to Antichrist: opposed to Christianity. : ANTICIPATE, an-tis'ip-āt, v.t. to be beforehand with (another person or thing), to forestall or preoccupy: to foresee. [L. anticipo, -atum-ante, before, capio, to take.] ANTICIPATION, an-tis-ip-a'shun, n. act of anticipating foretaste: previous notion: expectation.-adj. ANTICIPATORY. ANTICLIMAX, an-ti-klīm'aks, n., the opposite of climax: a sentence in which the ideas become less important towards the close. [Gr. anti, against, and CLIMAX.] ANTICLINAL, an-ti-klin'al, adj., sloping in opposite directions.-n. (geol.) the line from which the strata descend in opposite directions. [Gr. anti, against, klinō, to lean.] ANTICYCLONE, an'ti-sī-klōn, n. a meteorological phenomenon presenting some features opposite to those of a cyclone. It consists of a region of high barometric pressure, the pressure being greatest in the centre, with light winds flowing outwards from the centre, and not inwards as in the cyclone, accompanied with great cold in winter and with great heat in summer. ANTIDOTE, an'ti-dōt, n. that which is given against anything that would produce bad effects: a counter-poison: (fig.) anything that prevents evil.-adj. ANTIDOTAL. [Gr. antidotos-anti, against, didomi, to give.] ANTILOGOUS, an-til'o-gus, adj. in elect. applied to that pole of a crystal which is negative when being electrified by heat, and afterwards, when cooling, positive. ANTIMONY, an'ti-mun-i, n. a brittle white-colored metal much used in the arts and in medicine.-adj. ANTIMŌNʼIAL. [Ety. dub.] ANTINOMIAN, an-ti-nōm'i-an, n. one who holds that the law is not a rule of life under the Gospel.-adj. against the law: pertaining to the Antinomians.-n. ANTINOM'IANISM. [Gr. anti, against, nomos, a law.] ANTIPATHY, an-tip'ath-i, n. dislike: repugnance: opposition.-adj. ANTIPATHETIC. [Gr. anti, against, pathos feeling.] ANTIPHLOGISTIC, an-ti-floj-ist'ik, adj., acting against heat, or inflammation. [Gr. anti, against, phlogiston, burntphlegō, to burn.] 16 ANTIPHON, an'tif-ōn, ANTIPHONY, antif'on-i, n., alternate chanting or singing. [Gr. anti, in return, and phone, voice. A doublet of ANTHEM.] ANTIPHONAL, an-tif'on-al, adj. pertaining to antiphony.-n. a book of antiphons or anthems. ANTIPODES, an-tip'od-ēz, n.pl. those living on the other side of the globe, and whose feet are thus opposite to ours.adj. ANTIP'ODAL. [Gr. anti, opposite to, pous, podos, a foot.] ANTIPOPE, an'ti-pop, n. an opposition pope: a pretender to the papacy. [Gr. anti, against, and POPE.] ANTIQUARY, an'ti-kwar-i, n. one who studies or collects ancient things: one skilled in antiquities.-adj. ANTIQUARIAN, an-ti-kwar'i-an. - n. ANTIQUAR'IANISM. [From ANTIQUE.] ANTIQUATED, an'ti-kwāt-ed, adj., grown old, or out of fashion: obsolete. ANTIQUE, an-tēk', adj. ancient: old-fashioned.-n. anything very old: ancient relics.-n. ANTIQUE'NESS. [Fr.-L. antiquus, old, ancient-ante, before.] ANTIQUITY, an-tik'wi-ti, n., ancient times: great age: a relic of the past. ANTISABBATARIAN, an-ti-sab-at-a'ri-an, n. one who opposes the observance of the Lord's day with the strictness of the Jewish Sabbath. [Gr. anti, against, and SABBATARIAN.] ANTISCORBUTIC, an-ti-skor-būt'ik, adj. acting against scurvy.-n. a remedy for scurvy. [Gr. anti, against, and SCOR BUTIC. ANTISEPTIC, an-ti-sept'ik, adj. and n., counteracting putrefaction. [Gr. anti, against, and sepō, to make putrid.] ANTISTROPHE, an-tis'trof-e, n. (poet.) the stanza of a song alternating with the strophe. [Gr. anti, against, and STROPHE.] ANTITHESIS, an-tith'e-sis, n. a figure in which thoughts or words are set in contrast: opposition :-pl. ANTITH'Eses, -sēz. -adj. ANTITHETIC, -AL.-adv. ANTITETH'ICALLY. [Gr. anti, against, tithēmi, to place. ANTI-TRADE, an'ti-träd, n. a name given to any of the upper tropical winds which move northward or southward in the same manner as the trade-winds, which blow beneath them in the opposite direction. These great aerial currents descend to the surface, after they have passed the limits of the trade-winds and form the south-west, or west-south-west winds of the north temperate, and the north-west, or west-north-west winds of the south temperate zones. ANTITYPE, anʼti-tip, n. that which corresponds to the type: that which is prefigured by the type. [Gr. anti, corresponding to, and TYPE.] ANTLER, ant'ler, n. the branch of a stag's horn.-adj. ANT'LERED. [Ety. dub.] ANTONY-OVER, an'to-ni-over, n. a game at ball played by two parties of boys on opposite sides of a schoolhouse, over which the ball is thrown. (Amer.) ANTOZONE, ant'ō-zōn, n. a compound formerly supposed to be a modification of oxygen, and to exhibit qualities directly opposed to those of ozone, but now known to be the peroxide of hydrogen. ANUS, an'us, n. the lower orifice of the bowels. [L., for as-nus, "sitting-part," from root as, to sit.] ANVIL, an'vil, n. an iron block on which smiths hammer metal into shape. [A.S. anfilt, on filt-on fillan, to strike down or fell. See FELL, v.t.] ANXIETY, ang-zi'e-ti, n. state of being anxious. ANXIOUS, angk'shus, adj. uneasy regard APHASIA ing something doubtful: solicitous.-n. AN'XIOUSNESS.adv. AN'XIOUSLY. [L. anxius ango, to press tightly. See ANGER, ANGUISH.] ANY, en'ni, adj., one indefinitely: some: whoever.-adv. AN'YTHING (B.), at all.AN'YWISE, in any way. [A.S. ænig—an, one.] ANYBODY, en'ni-bo-di, n. 1, any one person: as, anybody can do that.-2, a wellknown person: a person of importance or celebrity: as, is he anybody? [Colloq.] ANYONE, en'ni-wun, n. any person: anybody. ANYRATE, en'ni-rāt, n. used only in the phrase at anyrate: that is, whatever considerations are to be taken account of: under any circumstances: whatever else: as, you at anyrate need not reproach me he was going there at anyrate. ANYWHEN, en'ni-when, adv. at any time. Anywhere or anywhen."-De Quincey. (Rare.) ANYWHERE, en'ni-hwär, adv. in any place. ANYWHITHER, en'ni-hwith-er, adv. to any place. 66 AONIAN, a-ō'ni-an, adj. pertaining to Aonia in Greece, or to the Muses supposed to dwell there. AORIST, a'or-ist, n. the name of certain tenses in the Greek verb expressing indefinite time.-adj. indefinite: undefined. [Gr. aoristos, indefinite-a, priv., and horos, a limit.] AORTA, a-or'ta, n. the great artery that rises up from the left ventricle of the heart.-adjs. AOR'TAL, AOR'TIC. [Gr. aorte-aeiro, to raise up.] APACE, a-pās', adv. at a quick pace: swiftly fast. [Prefix a, and PACE.] APART, a-pärt', adv. separately: aside. [Fr. aparte-L. a parte, from the part or side.] APARTMENT, a-pärt'ment, n. a separate room in a house. [Fr. appartement, a suite of rooms forming a complete dwelling, through Low L., from L. ad, and partire, to divide-pars, a part.] APATHY, ap'ath-i, n., want of feeling: absence of passion: indifference.-adj. APATHETIC. [Gr. a, priv., pathos, feeling.] APE, ap, n. a tailless monkey: a silly imitator.-v.t. to imitate, as an ape. [A.S. apa, Ger. affe.] APEAK, a-pek', adv. (naut.) the anchor is apeak when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship's bow directly over it. [a, on, and PEAK.] APEDOM, ap'dum, APEHOOD, ap'hud, n. the state of being an ape, or of being apish. "This early condition of apedom."-De Quincey. 66 There's a dog-faced dwarf That gets to godship somehow, yet retains His apehood. -Browning. APERIENT, a-pe'ri-ent, adj., opening: mildly purgative.-n. any laxative medicine. L. aperio, to open.] APERITIVE, a-per'it-iv, n. an aperient. Gentle aperitives."-Richardson. APERTURE, a'pert-ur, n., an opening: a hole. [L. apertura-aperio, to open.] APEX, a'peks, n., the summit or point:pl. APEXES, a'peks-ez, APICES, ap'i sēz. [L.] APHANAPTERIX, af-an-ap'ter-iks, n. a genus of large Ralline birds, incapable of flight, the remains of which are found in the post-tertiary deposits of Mauritius. They survived into the human period, and were exterminated at a comparatively late date. [Gr. aphanēs, obscure, and pteryz, a wing.] APHASIA, a-fa'zi-a, n. in pathol. a symptom of certain morbid conditions of the APHASIC nervous system, in which the patient loses the power of expressing ideas by means of words, or loses the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs the while remaining intact and the intelligence sound. There is sometimes an entire loss of words as connected with ideas, and sometimes only the loss of a few. In one form of the disease, called APHEMIA, the patient can think and write, but cannot speak; in another, called AGRAPHIA, he can think and speak, but cannot express his ideas in writing. In a great majority of cases where post-mortem examinations have been made, morbid changes have been found in the left frontal convolution of the brain. [Gr. a, priv., and phasis, speech.] APHASIC, a-fa'zik, adj. of or pertaining to aphasia. APHASIC, a-fā'zik, n. a person affected with aphasia. APHELION, af-el'yun, n. the point of a planet's orbit farthest away from the sun. [Gr. apo, from, helios, the sun.] APHELIOTROPISM, af-e'li-ot'rō-pizm, n. in bot. a tendency to turn away from the sun or the light, as opposed to HELIOTROPISM (which see). Darwin. [Gr. apo, away from, helios, the sun, and tropễ, a turning.] APHEMIA, a-fē'mi-a, n. in pathol. a form of aphasia in which the patient can think and write, but cannot speak. See APHASIA. [Gr. a, priv., and phēmi, I speak.] : APHERESIS, af-e're-sis, n. the taking of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word. [Gr. apo, from, haired, to take.] APHORISM, af'or-izm, n. a brief pithy saying an adage. [Gr. aphorizo, to mark off by boundaries-apo, from, and horos, a limit.] APHORIZMING, af-or-iz'ming, adj. much given to the use of aphorisms. "There is no art that hath been more cankered in her principles, more soiled and slabbered with aphorizming pedantry, than the art of policy."-Milton. APHORISTIC, -AL, af-or-ist'ik, -al, adj. in the form of an aphorism.-adv. APHORIST'ICALLY. 66 APHRODISIAN, af-ro-diz'i-an, adj. of, or pertaining to, or given up to unlawful sexual pleasures. Gr. aphrodisios, pertaining to sexual pleasures, from Aphrodite, the goddess of love.] They showed me the state nursery for the children of those aphrodisian dames, their favorites."-C. Reade. APIARY, ap'i-ar-i, n. a place where bees are kept. [L. apiarium-apis, a bee.] APIECE, a-pes', adv., in piece: to each. APISH, ap'ish, adj. like an ape: imitative: foppish.-adv. AP'ISHLY.-n. AP'ISHNESS. APOCALYPSE, a-pok'al-ips, n. the name of the last book of the New Testament. -adj. APOCALYPTIC, AL. [Gr., a revelation, an uncovering-apo, from, kalypto, kalypso, to cover.] APOCOPE, a-pok'op-e, n., the cutting off of the last letter or syllable of a word. [Gr. apo, off, koptō, to cut.] APNEA, ap-ne'a, n. in med. absence of respiration insensible respiration: asphyxia. [Gr. a, priv., and pnoië, a breathing, from pneo, to breathe.] APOCRYPHA, a-pok'rif-a, n. certain books whose inspiration is not admitted.-adj. APOCRYPHAL. [Gr., "things hidden "apo, from, krypto, to hide.] APOGEE, ap'o-je, n. the point in the moon's orbit furthest away from the earth. [Gr. apo, from, ge, the earth.] APOGEOTROPISM, ap'o-ge-ot'ro-pizm, n. a tendency to turn or bend in opposition to gravity. or away from the cenB 17 tre of the earth, as opposed to GEOTROPISM (which see). Darwin. [Gr. apo, away from, ge, the earth, and trope, a turning.] APOLOGETIC, -AL, a-pol-oj-et'ik, -al, adj. excusing said or written in defence.adv. APOLOGETICALLY. APOLOGETIC, a-pol-oj-et'ik, n. an apology. "Full of deprecatories and apologetics."-Roger North. APOLOGETICS, a-pol-oj-et'iks, n. branch of theology concerned with the defence of Christianity. APOLOGIZE, a-pol'oj-iz, v.i. to make ex cuse. APOLOGIST, a-pol'oj-ist, n. one who makes an apology: a defender. APOLOGUE, a'pol-og, n. a moral tale: a fable. [Fr.-Gr. apologos, a fable-apo, from, logos, speech.] APOLOGY, a-pol'oj-i, n. something spoken to ward off an attack: a defence or justification: an excuse. [Gr.-apo, from, logos, speech.] APOPHTHEGM, a'po-them, n. a form of APOTHEGM. APOPLECTIC, -AL, a-po-plekt'ik, -al, adj. of or predisposed to apoplexy. APOPLEXY, a'po-pleks-i, n. loss of sensation and of motion by a sudden stroke. [Gr. apoplexia-apo, from, away, and plesso, to strike.] APOSIOPESTIC, ap'o-si-o-pes'tik, adj. of or pertaining to an aposiopesis. "That interjection of surprise with the aposiopestic break after it, marked thus, Z-ds."-Sterne. APOSTASY, APOSTACY, a-post'a-si, n. abandonment of one's religion, principles, or party. [Gr. "a standing away"-apo, from, stasis, a standing.] APOSTATE, a-post'át, n. one guilty of apostasy: a renegade.-adj. false: traitorous fallen.-APOSTATIZE, a-post'at-iz, v.i. to commit apostasy. APOSTLE, a-pos'l, n. one sent to preach the Gospel: specially, one of the twelve disciples of Christ.-APOSTLESHIP, a-pos'lship, n. the office or dignity of an apostle. -APOSTOLIC, -AL, a-pos-tol'ik, -al, adj. [Gr., one sent away, apo, away, stellō, to send.] APOSTROPHE, a-post'rof-e, n. (rhet.) a sudden turning away from the subject to address some person or object present or absent: a mark ('), showing the omission of a letter. [Gr. apo, from, and STROPHE, a turning.] APOSTROPHIZE, a-post'rof-iz, v.t. to address by apostrophe. APOTHECARY, a-poth'ek-ar-i, n. one who dispenses medicine. [Gr. apotheke, a storehouse-apo, away, and tithēmi, to place.] APOTHEGM, a'po-them, n. a terse pointed remark: an aphorism. [Gr. apo, from, out, phthengomai, to speak plainly.] APOTHEOSIS, a-po-the'o-sis, n. deification. [Gr., a setting aside as a god-apo, away from what he was, theos, a god.] APPAL, ap-pawl', v.t. to terrify: to dismay.-pr.p. appall'ing: pa.p. appalled'. [Acc. to Skeat, from Celtic pall, to weaken, and not from O. Fr. apalir, to grow pale.] APPANAGE, ap'pan-āj, n. a provision for younger sons: aliment. [Fr. apanageL. ad, and panis, bread.] APPARATUS, ap-par-at'us, n. things prepared or provided: set of instruments or tools. [L. ad, to, paratus, prepared.] APPAREL ap-par'el, n. covering for the body: dress.-v.t. to dress, adorn :—pr.p. appar elling or appar'eling; pa.p. appar'elled or appar'eled. [Fr. appareilpareiller, to put like to like, to assort or suit-pareil, like-L. par, equal, like.] APPARENT, ap-pār'ent, adj. that may be APPLE seen evident: seeming.-adv. APPAR ́ENTLY.-N. APPARENTNESS. [L. apparens. See APPEAR.] APPARITION, ap-par-ish'un, n., an appearance: something only apparent, not real a ghost.-adj. APPARITIONAL. [See APPEAR.] an officer APPARITOR, ap-par'it-or, n. who attends on a court or on a magistrate to execute orders. [L.-root of APPEAR.] a APPEAL, ap-pel', v.i. to call upon, have recourse to: to refer (to a witness or superior authority).-v.t. to remove cause (to another court).-n. act of appealing.-adj. APPEAL'ABLE. [L. appello, -atum, to address, call by name.] APPEALINGNESS, ap-pel'ing-nes, n. the quality of appealing or beseeching, as for mercy, aid, sympathy, or the like. Ready sympathy... made him alive to a certain appealingness in her behavior towards him."-George Eliot. APPEAR, ap-pēr', v.i. to become visible: to be present: to seem, though not real. [L. appareo-ad, to, pareo, paritum, to come forth.] APPEARANCE, ap-pēr'ans, n. the act of appearing the thing seen: apparent likeness arrival: show. APPEASE, ap-pēz', v.t. to pacify: to quiet: to allay.-adj. APPEAS'ABLE. [Fr. apaiser -L. ad, to, par, pacis, peace.] APPELLABILITY, ap-pel'a-bil'i-ti, n. the state or quality of being appealable. APPELLABLE, ap-pel'a-bl, adj. capable of being appealed: appealable. APPELLANT, ap-pel'ant, n. one who appeals. APPELLATE, ap-pel'āt, adj. relating to appeals. APPELLATION, ap-pel-a'shun, n. that by which anything is called: a name. [See APPEAL.] APPELLATIVE, ap-pel'at-iv, n. a name common to all of the same kind, as distinguished from a proper name.-adj. common to many general. APPEND, ap-pend', v.t., to hang one thing to another: to add. [L. ad, to, pendo, to hang.] APPENDAGE, ap-pend'āj, n. something appended. APPENDIX, ap-pend'iks, n. something ap pended or added: a supplement :-pl. APPEND'IXES, -iks-ez, APPEND'ICES, -is-ez. APPERTAIN, ap-per-tan', v.i., to belong to. [Fr. from L. ad, to, pertineo, to belong. See PERTAIN.] APPETENCE, ap'pet-ens, APPETENCY, ap'pet-ens-i, n., a seeking after: desire, especially sensual desire. [L. ad, to, peto, to seek.] APPETIZE, ap'pet-iz, v.t. to create or whet appetite. APPETIZER, ap'pet-iz-er, n. something which whets the appetite. APPETITE, ap'pet-it, n. natural desire: desire for food: hunger. [Fr., from L. appetitus-appeto. See APPETENCE.] APPLAUD, ap-plawd', v.t. to praise by clapping the hands: to praise loudly: to extol. [L. applaudo-ad, to, plausum, to clap. See EXPLODE. Plaudo, APPLAUSE, ap-plawz', n. praise loudly expressed acclamation.-adj. APPLAUS IVE. APPLE, ap'l, n. the fruit of the apple-tree. -THE APPLE OF THE EYE, the eye-ball. APPLE BRANDY, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. APPLE BUTTER, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider, which is put away like butter in tubs for use during the winter. APPLE JACK, same as apple brandy. APPLE SLUMP, a New England dish consisting of apples and molasses baked within a bread pie in an APPLIANCE iron pot. (Amer.) [A.S. apl: the word is found in all the Teutonic tongues, in the Celtic and the Slavonic.] APPLIANCE, ap-pli'ans, n. anything applied: means used. APPLICABLE, ap'plik-a-bl, adj. that may oe applied: suitable.-adv. APPLICABLY. -ns. APPLICABILITY, APPLICABLENESS. APPLICANT, ap'plik-ant, n. one who applies: a petitioner. APPLICATION, ap-plik-a'shun, n. the act of applying: the thing applied: close thought or attention: request: solicitation. APPLY, ap-pli', v.t. to lay or put to: to employ: to fix the mind on.-v.i. to suit or agree: to have recourse to: to make request:-pr.p. apply'ing; pa.p. ar lied'. [O. Fr. aplier, L. applico, -are-aa, to, plico, -atum, to fold.] APPOINT, ap-point', v.t. to fix: to settle: to name to an office: to equip. [O. Fr. apointer, Prov. apuntar, Low L. appunctare-L. ad, to, punctum, a point.] APPOINTMENT, ap-point'ment, n. settlement: situation: arrangement:-pl. equipments. APPORTION, ap-pōr'shun, v.t., to portion out: to divide in just shares.-n. APPOR'TIONMENT. [L. ad, to, and PORTION.] APPOSITE, ap'poz-īt, adj. adapted: suitable.-adv. APPOSITELY.-n. AP'POSITENESS. [L. appositus, pa.p. of appono, to put to-ad, to, pono, to put.] APPOSITION, ap-poz-ish'un, n. the act of adding: state of being placed together or against: (gram.) the annexing of one noun to another, in the same case or relation, in order to explain or limit the first. [See APPOSITE.] APPRAISE, ap-prāz', v.t., to set a price on: to value with a view to sale. [Fr. apprécier, O. Fr. apreiser, L. appretio, -are -ad, to, pretium, price.] APPRAISEMENT, ap-prāz'ment, n. a valu ation. APPRAISER, ap-prăz'er, n. one who values property. APPRECIATE, ap-prē'shi-āt, v.t. (lit.) to set a price on: to estimate justly-used figuratively: also to raise the value of. (Amer.)-adj. APPRECIABLE.-adv. APPRECIABLY. [L. appretiatus, pa.p. of appretio. See APPRAISE.] APPRECIATION, ap-pre-shi-a'shun, n. the act of setting a value on : just estimation. APPRECIATIVE, ap-pre'shi-at-iv, APPRECIATORY, ap-prē'shi-at-or-i, adj. implying appreciation. APPREHEND, ap-pre-hend', v.t., to lay hold of: to seize by authority: to catch the meaning of: to understand: to fear. -adj. APPREHENSIBLE. [L. apprehendo -ad, to, prehendo, -hensum, to lay hold of, from præ and root hend, which is for hed, the n being intrusive, and this akin to English get. Compare Gr. chandano -root chad, to hold.] APPREHENSION, ap-pre-hen'shun, n. act of apprehending or seizing: arrest: conception: fear. APPREHENSIVE, ap-pre-hens'iv, adj. fearful: suspicious.-n. APPREHENSIVE NESS. APPRENTICE, ap-prent'is, n. (lit.) a learner: one bound to another to learn a trade or art.-v.t. to bind as an apprentice. [Fr. apprenti, O. Fr. apprentisapprendre--L. apprehendere, to learn. See APPREHEND.] APPRENTICESHIP, ap-prent'is-ship, n. the state of an apprentice. APPRISE, ap-prīz', v.t. to give notice: to inform. [Fr. apprendre, pa.p. appris, to instruct, from root of APPREHEND.] APPROACH, ap-prōch', v.i. to draw near: to approximate.-v.t. to come near to: 18 to resemble.-n. a drawing near to: access: a path or avenue.-adj. APPROACH'ABLE. [Fr. approcher, Low L. appropiare-L. ad, to, prope, near.] APPROBATE, ap'prō-bāt, v.t. to express approbation of." (Amer.) APPROBATION, ap-prob-a'shun, n. approval. [See APPROVE.] APPROPINQUITY, ap-pro-ping'kwi-ti, n. the state of being near: nearness. Lamb. APPROPRIATE, ap-pro'pri-āt, v.t. to take to one's self as one's own: to set apart for a purpose.-adj. set apart for a particular purpose: peculiar: suitable. adv. APPROPRIATELY.-n. APPROPRIATENESS. [L. approprio, -atum—ad, to, proprius, one's own. See PROPER.] APPROPRIATION, ap-pro-pri-a'shun, n. the act of appropriating: application to a particular purpose. APPROVAL, ap-prōōv'al, n. the act of approving: approbation. APPROVE, ap-prōōv', v.t. (lit.) to esteem good: to be pleased with: to commend: to sanction.-adv. APPROVINGLY. [Fr. approuver, Prov. aprobar, L. approbo, -atum-ad, to, and probo, to test or try -probus, good.] [PROVE. APPROVEN, ap-prōōv'n, old pa.p. of APAPPROVER, ap-prōōv'er, n. one who approves (law) an accomplice in crime admitted to give evidence against a pris oner. APPROXIMATE, ap-proks'im-āt,adj.,near-| est or next: approaching correctness.— v.t. to come near, to approach.-adv. APPROXIMATELY. [L. approximo, -atum -ad, to, proximus, nearest, superlative of prope, near. See APPROACH.] APPROXIMATION, ap-proks-im-a'shun, n. an approach. APPURTENANCE, ap-pur'ten-ans, n., that which appertains to: an appendage.adj. APPUR TENANT. [Fr. appartenance, O. Fr. apurtenaunse, from root of AP PERTAIN. APRICOCK, ā′pri-kok, n. old form of APRI COT. APRICOT, a'pri-kot, n. a fruit of the plum kind. [O.E. apricock. Fr. abricot. The Fr. abricot was from Port. albricoque= Ar. al-barquq. But barguq is a corruption of Low Gr. praikokion, which is simply the L. præcoquum or praecox, early ripe. See PRECOCIOUS.] APRIL, a'pril, n. the fourth month of the year, when the earth opens to bring forth fruits, etc. [L. Aprilis―aperilis―aperio, to open.] APRON, a'prun, n. a cloth or piece of leather worn before one to protect the dress. adj. A'PRONED. [O.E. and Fr. naperon-Fr. nappe, cloth, table-cloth. Low L. mappa, a napkin.] APRONEER, ā-prun-ēr', n. one who wears an apron; a tradesman or shopman. "Some surly aproneer.”—Bp. Gauden. APROPOS, a-pro-po', adv., to the purpose: appropriately in reference to. [Fr. à propos. See PROPOSE.] APSE, aps, n. an arched recess at the end of the choir of a church. [See APSIS.] APSIDAL, ap'sid-al, adj. pertaining to the apsides, or to the apse of a church. APSIS, ap'sis, n. one of the two extreme points in the orbit of a planet, one at the greatest, the other at the least distance from the sun :--pl. AP'SIDES. [L. apsis -Gr. hapsis, a connection, an archhaptō, to connect. See APT.] APT, apt, adj. liable: ready: quick. [L. aptus, fit-apo, to join; cog. with Gr. hapto.] APTERYX, ap'ter-iks, n. a bird found in ARBOR terous insects belonging to the Carabidæ. [See BOMBARDIER-BEETLE.] APTITUDE, apt'i-tūd, n. fitness: tendency: readiness.-adv. APTLY.-n. APTNESS. [Low L. aptitudo-root of APT.] AQUA - FORTIS, a'kwa-for'tis, n. (lit.) strong water: nitric acid. [L. aqua, water, fortis, strong.] AQUAMANILE, ak'wa-ma-nīlē, n. the basin in which, according to the ancient church ceremony, the priest washes his hands in celebrating the mass. Also applied to vessels of the ewer kind formerly used in private houses, and frequently made into grotesque forms representing a real or fabulous animal or the like. [From L. aqua, water, and manare, to flow.] AQUARIUM, a kwa'ri-um, n. a tank or vessel for water plants and animals: a public collection of such tanks: - pl. AQUARIUMS or AQUA'RIA. [L.-aqua, water.] AQUARIUS, a-kwa'ri-us, n., the waterbearer, a sign of the zodiac. [L. aqua, water.] AQUATIC, a-kwat'ik, adj., relating to water: living or growing in water.AQUATICS, a-kwat'iks, n. amusements on the water, as boating, etc. AQUA-VITÆ, a'kwa-vi'tē, n. (lit.) water of life, a name given to ardent spirits. [L. aqua, water, vitæ, of life, vita.] AQUEDUCT, ak'we-dukt, n. an artificial channel for conveying water. [L. aqua, water-duco, ductum, to lead.] AQUEOUS, a'kwe-us, adj. watery: deposited by water. AQUILINE, ak'wil-in or -in, adj. relating to the eagle: hooked, like an eagle's beak. [L. aquila.] ARAB, arab, n. a native of Arabia: a neglected or homeless boy or girl, usually STREET ARAB. ARABESQUE, arab-esk, adj. after the manner of Arabian designs.-n. a fantastic painted or sculptured ornament among the Spanish Moors, consisting of foliage and other parts of plants curiously intertwined. [Fr.-It. arabesco; -esco corresponding to Eng. -ish.] ARABIAN, ar-ab'i-an, adj. relating to Arabia.-n. a native of Arabia. ARABIC, arʼab-ik, adj. relating to Arabia, or to its language.•—n. the language of Arabia. [L. Arabicus.] ARABLE, ar'a-bl, adj. fit for ploughing or tillage. [L. arabilis—aro; cog. with Gr. aroo, to plough, A.S. erian, E. EAR, v.t., Ir. araim.] ARAMAIC, ar-a-mā'ik, ARAMEAN, ar-ame'an, adj. relating to Aramaa, the whole of the country to the N.E. of Palestine, or to its language, a branch of the Semitic. ARBITER, är'bit-er, n. one chosen by parties in controversy to decide between them: a judge having absolute power of decision: an umpire :-fem. ARBITRESS. [L.-ar-ad, to, and bito (cog. with Gr. bai-no), to go or come; sig. one who comes to look on, a witness, a judge.] ARBITRAMENT, är-bit'ra-ment, n. the decision of an arbiter: determination: choice. ARBITRARY, ärbitr-ar-i, adj. depending ARBOREOUS ARBOREOUS, är-bōr'e-us, adj., of or belonging to trees. [L. arboreus-arbor, a tree.] ARBORESCENT, är-bor-es'ent, adj. growing or formed like a tree.-n. ARBORES'CENCE. [L. arboresco, to become a treearbor, a tree.] ARBORETUM, är-bor-ēt'um, n. a place in which specimens of trees and shrubs are cultivated :—pl. ARBORēT'A. [L.—arbor, a tree.] ARBORICULTURE, är'bor-i-kult-ûr, n., the culture of trees, esp. timber-trees.adj. ARBORICULTURAL. -n. ARBORICUL'TURIST. [L. arbor, and CULTURE.] ARBUTE, är'būt, ARBUTUS, är'but-us, n. the strawberry tree: an evergreen shrub, which bears fruit resembling the strawberry. [L. arbutus, akin to arbor, tree.] ARC, ärk, n. a segment of a circle or other curve.-ELECTRIC ARC, in electric lighting, the light emitted by an electric current in crossing over the small interval of space between the carbon points. Called also VOLTAIC ARC. [Fr.-L. arcus, bow.] a ARCADE, ärk-ād', n. a walk arched over : a long arched gallery, lined with shops on both sides. [Fr.-L. arcata, arched. See ARCH.] ARCADIAN, ark-ād'i-an, adj. pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Greece: pastoral: rural. ARCANUM, ärk-in'um, n. a secret: a mystery-pl. ARCAN'A. [L.-arcanus, secret, closed-arca, a chest.] ARCH, ärch, n. a construction of stones or other materials, arranged in the line of a curve, so as by mutual pressure to support each other.-v.t. to cover with an arch: to bend into the form of an arch. [From Fr. arc, as ditch is from dyke-L. arcus, a bow.] ARCH, ärch, adj. cunning: sly: waggish: mirthful: shrewd.-adv. ARCH'LY.-n. ARCH'NESS. [A.S. earg, timid, slothful; cog. with Ger. arg, mischievous, bad.] ARCH, ärch (ärk, before a vowel), adj. used as a prefix: the first or chief. [A.S. arce, from Lat. and Gr. archi-,-Gr. arche, beginning.] ARCHEOLOGY, ürk-e-ol'oj-i, n. knowledge of ancient art, customs, etc.: the science of antiquities.-adj. ARCHÆOLOG'ICAL. ady. ARCHEOLOGʻICALLY. ARCHEOLOGIST. [Gr. archaios, ancient ―arche, beginning, and logos, discourse.] ARCHAIC, -AL, ärk-ā'ik, -al, adj., ancient: -N. obsolete. [Gr. archaikos-archaios, ancient-arche, beginning.] ARCHAISM, ärk'a-izm, n. an archaic or obsolete word or phrase. ARCHAIST, är-kā'ist, n. an antiquarian : an archæologist. E. B. Browning. ARCHANGEL, ärk-an'jel, n. an angel of the highest order.-adj. ARCHANGEL'IC. [ARCH, chief, and ANGEL.] ARCHBISHOP, ärch-bish'up, n., a chief bishop: the bishop of a province as well as of his own diocese.-n. ARCHBISH'OPRIC. [ARCH, chief, and BISHOP.] ARCHBISHOPESS, ärch-bish'up-es, n. the wife of an archbishop. Miss Burney. ARCHDEACON, ärch-de'kn, n., a chief deacon: the officer having the chief supervision of a diocese or part of it, next under the bishop.- -n. ARCHDEA'CONRY, the office, jurisdiction, or residence of an archdeacon.-n. ARCHDEA'CONSHIP, the office of an archdeacon. [ARCH, chief, and DEACON.] ARCHDIOCESE, ärch-dī'o-sēz, n. the diocese of an archbishop. ARCHDUKE, ärch-dūk', n., a chief duke: a prince of Austria.-fem. ARCHDUCH'ESS. -adj. ARCHDU’CAL. · - ns. ARCHDUCH'Y, ARCHDUKE DOM, the territory of an arch 19 duke or archduchess. [ARCH, chief, and DUKE.] ARCHER, ärch'er, n. one who shoots with a bow and arrows:-fem. ARCH'ERESS. [Fr.-arc, L. arcus, a bow.] ARCHERY, ärch'er-i, n. the art of shooting with the bow. ARCHETYPE, ärk-e-tip, n. the original pattern or model. adj. ARCHETYPAL. [Gr. arche-archi-, original, and typos, a model.] ARCHIDIACONAL, ärk-i-di-ak'on-al, adj. pertaining to an archdeacon. [Gr. archiis here taken directly from Greek. See ARCHDEACON.] ARCHIEPISCOPAL, ärk-i-ep-i'skop-al, adj. belonging to an archbishop.-ARCHIEPIS'COPACY, n. dignity or province of an archbishop. [See EPISCOPAL.] ARCHIPELAGO, ärk-i-pel'a-gō, n. the chief sea of the Greeks, or the Egean sea: a sea abounding in small islands. [Gr. archi-, chief, pelagos, sea.] ARCHITECT, &rk'i-tekt, n. one who designs buildings and superintends their erection: a maker. [Gr. architekton— archi-, chief, and tekton, a builder.] ARCHITECTURE, ärk'i-tekt'ür, n., the art or science of building: structure.-adj. ARCHITECT'URAL. ARCHITECTURE, ärk'i-tekt'ūr, v.t. to construct to build. This was architectur'd thus ARCHITRAVE, ärk'i-trāv, n., the chief beam (arch.) the lowest division of the entablature resting immediately on the abacus of the column. [It. from Gr. archi-, chief, and L. trabs, a beam-the chief beam.] ARCHIVES, ärk'īvz, n. the place in which government records are kept: public records. [Fr.-Gr. archeion-ar che, gov ARCOSOLIUM, är-ko-so'li-um, n. a term applied to those receptacles for dead bodies of martyrs in the Catacombs which cnsist of a deep niche cut in the rocky vall, arched above, and under the arch a sarcophagus excavated in the solid rock. The flat cover of the sarcophagus might be used as an altar: and such tombs were often richly ornamented. [L.L., from L. arcus, an arch, and solium, a sarcophagus, a throne.] ARCTIC, ärkt'ik, adj. relating to the constellation the Great Bear, or the north. [Gr. arktos, a bear.] ARCTOGEAL, ärk-to-je'al, adj. of or pertaining to the colder parts of the northern hemisphere. "The great arctogeal province." Huxley. [Gr. arctos, the north, and gea, the earth.] ARDENCY, ärd'en-si, ARDOR, ärd′or, n. warmth of passion or feeling: eager ness. ARDENT, ärd'ent, adj., burning: fiery: passionate.-adv. ARD'ENTLY. [L. ardens -ardeo, to burn.] ARDUOUS, ärd'ū-us, adj. difficult to accomplish: laborious.-adv. ARD'UOUSLY. -n. ARD'UOUSNESS. [L. arduus, high, akin to Celt. ard, high, height.] ARE, är, the plural of the present indicative of the verb to be. [M.E. ar-en was the northern form which took the place | of A.S. sindon. Dan. er-es, ar-en-as-en ; er-e-es-e; the root is as-, to be seen in L. es-se, s-um for es-um. See WAS.] ARITHMETIC AREA, a're-a, n. any plane surface or inclosed space: the sunken space around the basement of a building: (geom.) the superficial contents of any figure. [L.] ARENA, a-re'na, n. an open space strewed with sand for combatants: any place of public contest.-adj. ARENA CEOUS, sandy. [L. arena, sand.] ARENATED, ar'e-na-ted, adj. reduced or ground into sand. [L. arena, sand.] AREOPAGITE, ar-e-op'aj-it, n. a member of the Areopagus. AREOPAGUS ar-e-op'ag-us, n., Mars' Hill, on which the supreme court of ancient Athens was held: the court itself. [L.-Gr. Areios pagos, hill of Ares-or Mars.] ARETAICS, ar-ē-tā'iks, n. in ethics, same as ARETOLOGY. Grote. [Gr. aretē, virtue.] ARETOLOGY, ar-e-tol'o-ji, n. that part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it. [Gr. aretē, virtue, and logos, dis course. ARGENT, ärj'ent, adj. made of, or like silver. [Fr.-L. argentum, silver-Gr. argos, white.] ARGILLACEOUS, ärj-ill-a'shus, adj. of the nature of clay. [L. argilla-Gr. argilos, white clay-argos, white.] ARGONAUT, är'go-nawt, n. one of those who sailed in the ship Argo in search of the golden fleece. [Gr. Argo, and nautés, a sailor.] ARGOSY, är'go-si, n. a large merchantvessel richly laden. [Prob. from the ship Argo. See ARGONAUT.] ARGUE, ärg'ū, v.t. to prove by argument: to discuss.v.i. to offer reasons: to dispute-pr.p. ar'gūing; pa.p. ar'gued. [L. arguo, to prove-from root of Gr. argos, clear, and so to make clear.] ARGUMENT, ärg'u-ment, n. a reason offered as proof: a series of reasons: discussion: subject of a discourse. [L. argumentum. See ARGUE.] ARGUMENTATION, ärg-u-ment-a'shun, n. an arguing or reasoning.-adj. ARGUMENT'ATIVE.adv. ARGUMENT'ATIVELY. -n. ARGUMENT'ATIVENESS. a ARGUS, ärg'us, n. a mythological being, said to have had a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake: any very watchful person. [Gr.-argos, bright.] ARIAN, a'ri-an, adj., pertaining to Arius of Alexandria (4th c.), who denied the divinity of Christ.-n. one who adheres to the doctrines of Arius: a Unitarian. -ARIANISM, a'ri-an-izm, n. the doctrines of the Arians. ARID, ar'id, adj., dry: parched.—ns. ARID'ITY, AR'IDNESS. [L. aridus.] ARIES, a'ri-ez, n., the Ram, the first of the signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters on March 21. [L.] ARIGHT, a-rīt', adv. in a right way: rightly. ARISE, a-rīz', v.i., to rise up: to come into view to spring:-pa.t. arose, a-rōz'; pa.p. aris'en. [Prefix a (as in ABIDE), and RISE.] ARISTOCRACY, ar-is-tok'ras-i, n., government by the best men or nobles: the nobility or chief persons of a state. [Gr. aristos, best, and kratos, power.] ARISTOCRAT, ar'is-to-krat or ar-is'- n one who belongs to or favors an aris tocracy: a haughty person -ARISTO CRATIC, AL, ar-is-to-krat'ik, -al, adj. belonging to aristocracy.-adv. ARISTO CRATICALLY. ARISTOTELIAN, ar-is-to-te'li-an, adj. relating to Aristotle or to his philosophy. ARITHMETIC, ar-ith'met-ik, n. the science of numbers: the art of reckoning by figures.-adj. ARITHMET'ICAL.-adv. ARITHMETICALLY. [Gr. arithmētikē (technē, |