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EXTORT

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cers. L. extorqueo, extortum-ex, and torqueo, to turn, to twist. See TORTURE.] EXTORT, eks-tort', v.i. to practice extortion. "To whom they never gave any penny of entertainment, but let them feed upon the countries, and extort upon all men where they came." -Spenser. EXTORTER, eks-tort'er, n. one who extorts or practices extortion. EXTORTION, eks-tor'shun, n. the act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting anything from a person by force, duress, menaces, authority, or by any undue exercise of power; oppressive or illegal exaction; illegal compulsion to pay money or to do some other act; Oppression and extortion did extinguish the greatness of that house."Sir J. Davies: that which is extorted; a gross overcharge; as ten dollars for that is an extortion.

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EXTORTIONATE, eks-tor'shun - at, adj. oppressive.

EXTORTIONER, eks-tor'shun-er, n. one who practices extortion. EXTRA, eks'tra, adj., beyond or more than is necessary: extraordinary: additional. [L. extra, beyond, outside of, contracted from extera-exter-ex, out, and root tar, to cross.]

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EXTRACT, eks-trakt', v.t. to draw out by force or otherwise: to choose out or select to find out to distil. adj. ExTRACT'IBLE. [L. extraho, extractus-ex, out, and traho, to draw.] EXTRACT, eks'trakt, n. anything drawn from a substance by heat, distillation, etc., as an essence: a passage taken from a book or writing. EXTRACTION, eks-trak'shun, n. act of extracting or drawing out: derivation from a stock or family birth: lineage: that which is extracted. EXTRACTIVE, eks-trakt'iv, adj. tending or serving to extract.-n. an extract. EXTRACTOR, eks-trakt'er, n. he who or that which extracts: in surg. a forceps or instrument used in lithotomy and midwifery, and in extracting teeth hydro-extractor: in the English Court of Session, the official person by whom the extract of a decree or other judicial proceeding is prepared and authenticated. EXTRADITE, eks'tra-dīt, v.t. to deliver or give up, as by one nation to another: as, to extradite a criminal. [See EXTRADITION.] EXTRADITION, eks-tra-di’shun, n. delivery by one nation to another, particularly of fugitives from justice, in pursuance of a treaty between the nations called an extradition treaty, by which either nation becomes bound to give up the criminal refugees. [Fr.-L. ex, and traditio, a giving up, surrender, from trado, traditum, to give or deliver up.] EXTRA-JUDICIAL, eks'tra - jōō- dish al, adj., out of the proper court, or beyond the usual course of legal proceeding. [EXTRA and JUDICIAL.]

EXTRALIMITARY, eks-tra-lim'i-ta-ri, adj. being beyond the limit or bounds: as extralimitary land. [L. extra and E. LIMIT.] EXTRALOGICAL, eks-tra-loj'ik-al, adj. ICAL, lying out of or beyond the province of logic. "This distinction proceeds on a material, consequently on an extra-logical difference."-Sir W. Hamilton. [Pfx. extra, and LOGICAL (which see).] EXTRALOGICALLY, eks-tra-loj'ik-al-li, adv. in an extralogical manner: without the application of logic. "Though a universal quantification of the predicate in affirmatives has been frequently recognized, this was by logicians recognized

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contingently and therefore extralogically."-Sir W. Hamilton. EXTRA-MUNDANE, eks'tra-mun'dan, adj. beyond the material world. [EXTRA and MUNDANE.]

EXTRA - MÜRAL, eks'tra - mû'ral, adj. without or beyond the walls. [EXTRA and MURAL.]

EXTRANEOUS, eks-tran'yus, adj. external foreign not belonging to or dependent on a thing: not essential.-adv. EXTRANEOUSLY. [L. extraneus, from

extra. See EXTRA.] EXTRAORDINARIES, eks-tror'di-nar-iz, n. pl. things that exceed the usual order, kind, or method.

EXTRAORDINARY, eks-tror'di-nar-i, adj., beyond ordinary: not usual or regular: wonderful special.-adv. EXTRAOR'DINARILY. [EXTRA and ORDINARY.] EXTRAVAGANCE, eks-trav'a-gans, n. irregularity: excess: lavish expenditure. EXTRAVAGANT, eks-trav'a-gant, adj., wandering beyond bounds: irregular: unrestrained excessive: profuse in expenses wasteful.-adv. EXTRAVAGANTLY. [L. extra, beyond, and vagans, -antis, pr.p. of vagor, to wander.] EXTRAVAGANZA, eks-trav-a-gan'za, N. an extravagant or wild and irregular piece of music. [It.] EXTRAVASATE, eks-trav'a-sāt, v.t. to let out of the proper vessels, as blood. [L. extra, out of, and vas, a vessel.] EXTREME, eks-trēm', adj. outermost; utmost; furthest; at the utmost point, edge, or border; as, the extreme verge or point of a thing; "The extremest shore."-Southey: worst or best that can exist or be supposed; greatest; most violent or urgent; utmost; as, extreme pain, grief or suffering; extreme joy or pleasure; an extreme case: last; beyond which there is none; as, the extreme hour of life carrying principles to the uttermost; holding the strongest possible views; ultra; "The Puritans or extreme Protestants."-Gladstone: in music, superfluous or augmented; thus, the extreme sharp sixth is the augmented sixth.-EXTREME UNCTION, in the Roman ritual, the anointing of a sick person with oil when decrepit with age or affected with some mortal disease, and usually just before death. It is applied to the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, hands, and feet of penitents, and is supposed to represent the grace of God poured into the soul.-EXTREME AND MEAN RATIO, in geom. the ratio where a line is so divided that the whole line is to the greater segment as that segment is to the less, or where a line is so divided that the rectangle under the whole line and the lesser segment is equal to the square of the greater segment. [Fr. extrême; L. extremus, superl. of exter or exterus, on the outside of, outward, from ex, out.] EXTREME, eks-trem', n. the utmost point or verge of a thing; that part which terminates a body; extremity; "Between the extremes of both promontories."-Dampier: utmost point; utmost limit or degree that can be supposed or tolerated; either of two states or feelings as different from each other as possible; furthest degree; as, the extremes of heat and cold; the extremes of virtue and vice; avoid extremes;

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EX VOTO

of the extreme terms of a syllogism, that is, the predicate and subject-thus, "Man is an animal; Peter is a man, therefore Peter is an animal;" the word animal is the greater extreme, Peter the less extreme, and man the medium: in math. either of the first and last terms of a proportion; as, when three magni tudes are proportional the rectangle contained by the extremes is equal to the square of the mean.-THE EXTREMES OF AN INTERVAL, in music, the two sounds most distant from each other.-IN THE EXTREME, in the highest degree. EXTREMITY, eks-trem'i-ti, n. the utmost limit, point, or portion: the highest degree: greatest necessity, emergency, or distress. [Fr. extrémité-L. extremitas.] EXTRICATE, eks'tri-kāt, v.t. to free from hinderances or perplexities: to disentangle to emit. adj. EXTRICABLE. [L. extrico, extricatus-ex, out, trica, trifles, hinderances.] EXTRICATION, eks-tri-ka'shun, n. disentanglement act of sending out or evolving. EXTRINSIC, eks-trin'sik, EXTRINSICAL, eks-trin'sik-al, adj. on the outside or outward: external: not contained in or belonging to a body: foreign: not essential: -opposed to INTRINSIC.-adv. EXTRIN'SICALLY. [Fr.-L. extrinsecus-exter, outward, and secus, from the same root as sequor, to follow.]

EXTRUDE, eks-trōōd', v.t. to force or urge out to expel: to drive off. [L. extrudo, extrusus-ex, out, and trudo, to thrust.] EXTRUSION, eks-trōō'zhun, n. act of extruding, thrusting or throwing out: expulsion.

EXUBERANCE, eks-u'ber-ans, EXUBERANCY, eks-u'ber-an-si, n. an overflowing quantity: richness: superfluousness. EXUBERANT, eks-u'ber-ant, adj. plenteoverflowing: superfluous.-adv. EXUBERANTLY. [L. exuberans, pr.p. of exubero-ex, intensive, and uber, rich, abundant.]

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EXUDATION, eks-ū-dā'shun, n. act of exuding or discharging through pores: the sweat, etc., exuded. EXUDE, eks-ud', v.t. to discharge by sweating to discharge through pores or incisions, as sweat, moisture, etc.-v.i. to flow out of a body through the pores. [L. ex, out, sudo, to sweat.] EXULT, egz-ult', v.i. to rejoice exceedingly to triumph.-adv. EXULT'INGLY. [L. exsulto, from exsilio-ex, out or up, and salio, to leap.]

EXULTANT, egz-ult'ant, adj., exulting: triumphant. [L. exsultans.] EXULTATION,egz-ul-ta'shun, n. lively joy at any advantage gained: rapturous delight transport. [L. exsultatio.] EXUVIABLE, egz-u'vi-a-bl, adj. that may be cast or thrown off, as the skeletons of articulated animals. [See ExUVIÆ.] EXUVIÆ, egz-ū'vi-ē, n.pl.cast skins,shells, or coverings of animals: any parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of serpents and caterpillars, the shells of lobsters, etc. [L., from exuo, to put or draw off, to strip.] EXUVIAL, egz-u'vi-al, adj. relating to or containing exuviæ.

EXUVIATION, egz-ū-vi-a'shun, n. in zool. the rejection or casting off of some part, as the deciduous teeth, the skin of serpents, the shells of crustaceans, and the like. [See EXUVIÆ.]

EX VOTO, eks võ'to, in consequence of, or according to, a vow: applied to votive offerings, as of a picture for a chapel, etc., common in Roman Catholic countries.

[L.]

EYALET

EYALET, l'a-let, n. a division of the Turkish empire. [From an Arab. word sig. government. VILAYET is a doublet.] EYE, i, n. the organ of sight or vision, more correctly the globe or movable part of it: the power of seeing: sight: regard: aim: keenness of perception: anything resembling an eye, as the hole of a needle, loop or ring for a hook, etc.-v.t. to look on: to observe narrowly:-pr.p. ey'ing or eye'ing; pa.p. eyed' (id).-n. EYE'-SHOT, the reach or range of sight of the eye. [A.S. eage; Goth. augo; Ger. auge; Slav. oko; allied to Gr. okos, osse, the two eyes, connected with ossomai, to see; L. oculus, Sans. aksha.]

EYEBALL, I'bawl, n. the ball, globe, or apple of the eye.

EYEBRIGHT, I'brit, n. a beautiful little plant of the genus Euphrasia, formerly used as a remedy for diseases of the eye. EYEBROW, i'brow, n. the brow or hairy arch above the eye.

EYELASH, n. I'lash, the line of hairs that edges the eyelid. [EYE and LASH.] EYELESS, I'les, adj. without eyes or sight. EYELET, I'let, EYELET-HOLE, i'let-hōl,

n. a small eye or hole to receive a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, etc. [Fr. æillet, dim. œil, an eye.]

EYELID, i'lid, n. the cover of the eye: that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers the eyeball or uncovers it at pleasure; it serves the purpose of protecting, wiping and cleansing the ball of the eye, as well as moistening it by spreading the lachrymal fluid over its surface.

EYE-SERVICE, I'-ser'vis, n., service performed only under the eye or inspection of an employer.

EYESIGHT, i'sīt, n. power of seeing: view: observation.

EYESORE, i'sōr, n. anything that is sore or offensive to the eye.

EYESTONE, i'stōn, n. a small calcareous body, the operculum of small Turbinidæ, used for removing substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. Being put into the inner corner of the eye, it works its way out at the outer corner, bringing with it any foreign substance. EYESTRİNG, I'string, n. the tendon by which the eye is moved.

I would have broke my eye-strings; crack'd them,but To look upon him.-Shak.

EYETOOTH, i'tōōth, n. a tooth in the upper

jaw next the grinders, with a long fang pointing towards the eye. EYE-WITNESS, i'-wit'nes, n. one who sees a thing done.

EYRE, är, n. a journey or circuit: a court

of itinerant justices: justices in eyre formerly corresponded to the present English justices of assize. [O. Fr. eire, journey, from L. iter, a way, a journey— eo, itum, to go.]

EYRY, EYRIE, AERIE, e're or a're, n. a place where birds of prey construct their nests and hatch their eggs: a brood of eagles or hawks. [Fr. aire, from Ger. aar, an eagle; cog. with Ice. ari, an eagle.]

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FABACEÆ, fa-bā'sè-ē, n.pl. a name proposed by Lindley for the nat. order Leguminosæ. FABACEOUS, fa-ba'shus, adj. having the nature of a bean: like a bean. [Low. L. fabaceus, from L. faba, a bean.] FABIAN, fa'bi-an, adj. delaying: dilatory: avoiding battle, in imitation of Q. Fabius Maximus, a Roman general, who

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FABLE, fa'bl, n. a feigned story or tale intended to instruct or amuse: the plot or series of events in an epic or dramatic poem: fiction : a falsehood. - v.t. to feign to invent. [Fr. fable-L. fabula, from fari, to speak.]

FABRIC, fab'rik or fā'brik, n., workmanship: texture: anything framed by art and labor: building: manufactured cloth: any system of connected parts. [Fr.L. fabrica-faber, a worker in hard maFABRICATE, fab'ri-kāt, v.t. to put toterials-facio to make.] gether by art and labor: to manufacture to produce: to devise falsely.-n. FAB'RICATOR. [L. fabrico, fabricatus, from fabrica. See FABRIC.] FABRICATION, fab-ri-ka'shun, n. struction manufacture: that which is fabricated or invented: a story: a falsehood.

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FABULIZE, fab'u-liz, v.t. to write fables, or to speak in fables.

FABULIST, fab'u-list, n. one who invents fables.

FABULOUS, fa'bu-lus, adj. feigned as a story; devised; fictitious; invented; not real; exceeding the bounds of probability or reason; as, a fabulous story; a fabulous description; a fabulous hero; the fabulous exploits of Hercules: that can hardly be received as truth; incredible; as, the picture was sold at a fabulous price; "He found that the waste of the servants' hall was almost fabulous." -Macaulay.-The fabulous age of a country is that period in its early history of which the accounts are mostly mythical or legendary, recording chiefly the fabulous achievements of heroes; as, the fabulous age of Greece and Rome. FAÇADE, fa-sad', n. the face or front of a building. [Fr., from It. facciata, the front of a building, faccia, the face-L. facies. See FACE.]

FACE, fãs, n. the visible forepart of the head: the outside make or appearance: front cast of features: look: boldness: presence (B.) anger or favor: a term applied in various technical meanings; as, the dial of a clock, watch, compasscard, or other indicator, the sole of a plane, the flat portion of a hammer head which comes in contact with the object struck, the edge of a cutting instrument, the surface of a printing type that impresses the characters. [Fr. face-L. facies, form, face-facio, to make, akin to Gr. phaino, to cause to appear.] FACE, fãs, v.t. to meet in the face or in front: to stand opposite to: to resist: to put an additional face or surface on to cover in front.-v.i. to turn the face. FACECLOTH, fas'kloth, n. a cloth laid over the face of a corpse. FACE-HAMMER, fas'-ham-mer, n. a hammer having a flat face as distinguished from one having pointed or edged peens. FACE-PLAN, fãs'-plan, n. a plan or drawing of the principal or front elevation of a building.

FACET, fas'et, FACETTE, fa-set', n. a little face; a small surface; as, the facets of a diamond; "A gem of fifty facets." -Tennyson: in arch. a flat projection between the flutings of columns: in anat. a small, circumscribed portion of the surface of a bone; as, articular facettes, that is, contiguous surfaces by

FACTION

means of which bones are articulated. [Fr. facette, dim. of face.]

FACETIÆ, fa-se'shi-e, n.pl., witty or hu

morous sayings or writings. [L.-facetus, merry, witty.]

FACETIOUS, fa-se'shus, adj. witty, humorous, jocose.-adv. FACE'TIOUSLY.-n. FACE'TIOUSNESS. [Fr., from L. facetiæ.] FACIAL, fa'shi-al, adj. pertaining to the face; as, the facial artery, vein, or nerveFACIAL ANGLE, in anat. the angle formed by the plane of the face with a certain other plane. The facial angle of Camper is contained by a line drawn horizontally from the middle of the external entrance of the ear to the edge of the nostrils, and another from this latter point to the superciliary ridge of the frontal bone. Owen and others measure the facial angle by the face, or the most prominent parts of the forehead and upper jaw, and a line drawn from the occipital condyle along the floor of the nostrils. It has been sometimes stated that the more acute this angle the less will the intellectual faculties of the individual be developed, but as a test for this purpose it is fallacious, though it is of some value as a character in comparing the different races of mankind.-FACIAL NERVE, the portio dura of the seventh pair of nerves, arising from the upper part of the respiratory tract, supplying the facial muscles, and known as the nerve of expression.-FACIAL VEIN, a vein which receives the vessels of the head and forehead, and crosses the face from the root of the nose outward. [L. facies, face.]

FACILE, fas'il, adj., easily persuaded : yielding: easy of access: courteous: easy. [Fr., from L. facilis, that may be done, easy, from facio, to do.] FACILITATE, fa-sil'i-tāt, v.t. to make easy to lessen difficulty. FACILITY, fa-sil'i-ti, n. quality of being facile or easily done: dexterity: easiness to be persuaded: pliancy: easiness of affability: - pl. FACILITIES, means that render anything easy to be done. [Fr.-L. facilitas.] FACING, fas'ing, n. a covering in front for ornament or protection. FAC-SIMILE, fak-sim'i-le, n. an exact copy. [L. fac, contr. of factum, madefacio, to make, and similis, like.]

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FACT, fakt, n. a deed or anything done: anything that comes to pass: reality: truth the assertion of a thing done. [L. factum, from facio, to make.] FACTION, fak'shun, n. a party, in politics, combined or acting in union, in opposition to the state, government, or prince: usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a majority; a party promoting discord or unscrupulously promoting their private ends at the expense of the public good; Not swaying to this faction or to that."-Tennyson; "When a party abandons public and general ends, and devotes itself only to the personal interests of its members and leaders, it is called a faction, and its policy is said to be factious."-Sir G. C. Lewis; "A feeble government produces more factions than an oppressive one." -Ames: tumult; discord; dissension; "They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves."-Lord Clarendon in Rom. antiq. one of the four classes, distinguished by special colors, into which the combatants in the circus were divided; there were the green, blue, red, and white factions, and other two, the purple and yellow, are said to have been added by Domitian. [L. factio,

FACTIOUS

a company of persons acting together, from facio, factum, to do.] FACTIOUS, fak'shus, adj. turbulent: disloyal.-adv. FAC'TIOUSLY.-n. FACTIOUSNESS. [L. factiosus-factio.] FACTITIOUS, fak-tish'us, adj., made by art, in opposition to what is natural.adv. FACTITIOUSLY. [L. factitius, from facio, to make.] FACTOR, fak'tor, n. a doer or transactor

of business for another: one who buys and sells goods for others, on commission: one of two or more quantities, which, multiplied together, form a product.-n. FACTORSHIP. [L., from facio.] FACTORAGE, fak'tor-āj, n. the fees or commission of a factor. FACTORIAL, fak-to'ri-al, adj. pertaining to or consisting in a factory. FACTORY, fak'tor-i, n. a manufactory: a trading settlement in a distant country, as the factory of the East India Company at Calcutta.

FACTOTUM, fak-tō'tum, n. a person employed to do all kinds of work." [L. facio, and totus, all.]

FACULÆ, fa'kū-lē, n.pl. in astron. certain spots sometimes seen on the sun's disc, which appear brighter than the rest of his surface. "Different parts of his (the sun's) surface give different spectra. The spots have not the same spectrum as the bright parts of the disc; the ordinarily bright parts have not the same spectrum as the exceptionally bright parts called the facula."-R. A. Proctor. [L. facula, a little torch, dim. of fax, a torch.] FACULAR, fak'u-ler, adj. pertaining or relating to faculæ. R. A. Proctor. FACULTY, fak'ul-ti, n., facility or power to act an original power of the mind: personal quality or endowment: right, authority, or privilege to act: license: a body of men to whom any privilege is granted the professors constituting a department in a university: the members of a profession. [Fr.-L. facultas-facilis, easy.]

FAD, fad, n. a weak hobby. [Fr. fade, insipid. See under FADE.] FADE, fad, v.i. to lose strength, freshness,

or color gradually.-adj. FADE'LESS. [Fr. fade, insipid, from L. fatuus, silly, insipid.]

FACES or FECES, fé'sēz, n.pl., grounds: sediment after infusion or distillation: excrement. [L., pl. of fæx, fæcis, grounds.]

FAG, fag, v.i. to become weary or tired out: to work as a fag:-pr.p. fagg'ing; pa.p. fagged'.- -n. one who labors like a drudge a school-boy forced to do menial offices for one older: a fatiguing or tiring piece of work: fatigue. It is such a fag, I come back tired to death."-Miss Austen. [Ety. dub.; perh. a corr. of FLAG, to droop, which see.]

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FAG-END, fag'-end, n. the end of a web of cloth that flags or hangs loose: the untwisted end of a rope: the refuse or meaner part of a thing.

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FAGGERY, fag'er-i, n. fatiguing labor or drudgery: the system of fagging carried on at some public schools. Faggery was an abuse too venerable and sacred to be touched by profane hands.”—De Quincey.

FAGOT or FAGGOT, fagʻut, n. a bundle of sticks used for fuel: a stick anything like a fagot: a soldier numbered on the muster-roll, but not really existing a voter who has obtained his vote expressly for party purposes: in former times heretics who had escaped the stake by recanting their errors were often made publicly to carry a fagot and burn ithence the phrase, TO BURN ONE'S FAGOT;

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an imitation fagot was also worn on the sleeve by heretics, as a symbol that they had recanted opinions worthy of burning.-adj. got up for a purpose, as in FAGOT VOTE. [Fr. fagot, a bundle of sticks, perh. from L. fax, a torch.] FAHRENHEIT, fä'ren-hit, adj. the name distinguishing the kind of thermometer in most common use in England and America, in which the space between the freezing and the boiling points of water, under a medium pressure of the atmosphere, is divided into 180°; the freezing point being marked 32°, and the boiling 212°; as, there was a temperature of 60° Fahrenheit, that is, by a Fahrenheit thermometer; the Fahrenheit scale. [After Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, a native of Dantzic, who first employed quicksilver, instead of spirits of wine, in the construction of thermometers about the year 1720.]

FAIENCE, fä-i-ens' or fä-yangs, n. a sort of fine pottery or earthenware glazed with a fine varnish, and painted in various designs, named from Faenza in Romagna, where it is said to have been invented in 1299.

FAIL, fal, v.i. to fall short or be wanting: to fall away: to decay: to die: to miss: to be disappointed or baffled: to be unable to pay one's debts.-v.t. to be wanting to: not to be sufficient for :-pr.p. fail'ing; pa.p. failed'. [Fr. faillir-L. fallo; conn. with Gr. sphallo, to cause to fall, deceive, A.S. feallan, to fall.]

FAILING, fal'ing, n. a fault, weakness: a foible.

FAILLE, fi-ye or fal, n. a heavy silk fabric of superior quality used in making and trimming ladies' dresses. [Fr.] FAILURE, fāl'ūr, n. a falling short, or cessation: omission: decay: bankruptcy. FAIN, fan, adj. glad or joyful: inclined: content or compelled to accept, for want of better.-adv. gladly. [A.S. fægen, joyful; Ice. feginn, glad.]

FAINEANCE, fa'ne-ans, n. the quality of doing nothing or of being idle: indolence: sloth. "The mask of sneering faineance was gone; imploring tenderness and earnestness beamed from his whole countenance."-Kingsley. [From fainéant (which see).] FAINEANT, fă-nä-äng, adj.(lit.) do-nothing: the sarcastic epithet applied to the later Merovingian kings of France, who were puppets in the hands of the mayors of the palace-Louis V., the last of the Carlovingian dynasty, received the same designation. [Fr., idle, sluggish-faire, to do, and néant, nothing.]

FAINT, fant, adj. wanting in strength: fading lacking distinctness: not bright or forcible weak in spirit: lacking courage depressed: done in a feeble way.v.i. to become feeble or weak: to lose strength, color, etc.: to swoon to fade or decay to vanish: to lose courage or spirit: to become depressed.-adv.FĂINT'LY. [Used of anything that cannot bear trial or proof, from Fr. feint (feindre), feigned, unreal-L. fingere, to feign or dissemble. See FEIGN.] FAINTISH, fant'ish, adj., somewhat or slightly faint.-n. FAINT'ISHNESS. FAINTNESS, fant'nes, n. want of strength:

feebleness of color, light, etc.: dejection. FAIR, far, adj., bright: clear: free from blemish pure: pleasing to the eye: beautiful: free from a dark hue of a light shade: free from clouds or rain: favorable: unobstructed: open: prosperous frank: impartial: pleasing: hopeful moderate. — adv. FAIR'LY.-n. FAIR'NESS. [A.S. faeger; Ice. fagr, bright, Dan. feir.]

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FAIR, fär, n. a fair woman.-THE FAIR n.pl. the female sex.

FAIR, far, n. a stated market. [O. Fr. feire, from L. feria, or ferice, holidays, conn. with festus, festive. See FEAST.] FAIRY, far'i, n. an imaginary being, said to assume a human form, and to influence the fate of man. [O. Fr. faerie, enchantment - Fr. fée. See FAY, which would have been the correct form, fairy being properly an abstract word.] FAIRY, fari, adj. of or belonging to fairies. FAIRYISM, fār'i-izm, n. a condition or characteristic of being fairy-like: resemblance to fairies or fairyland in customs, nature, appearance, or the like. "The air of enchantment and fairyism which is the tone of the place."-H. Walpole. FAIRYLAND, far'i-land, n. the imaginary country of the fairies. FAIRY-MONEY, far'i-mun-i,

n. money

given by fairies, which, according to the popular belief, was said to turn into withered leaves or rubbish after some time; "In one day Scott's high-heaped money-wages became fairy-money and nonentity."-Carlyle: also, a term sometimes applied to found money, from the notion that it was dropped by a good fairy where the favored mortal would find it.

FAITH, fath, n., trust or confidence in any person belief in the statement of another belief in the truth of revealed religion confidence and trust in God: reliance on Christ as the Saviour: that which is believed: any system of religious belief: fidelity to promises: honesty: word or honor pledged. [M. E. feith, feyth, fey-O. Fr. feid-L. fides—fido, to trust; connected with Gr. peithō, to persuade.]

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FAITHFUL, fath'fool, adj. full of faith, believing firm in adherence to promises, duty, allegiance, etc.: loyal: conformable to truth worthy of belief: true.-THE FAITHFUL, believers.-adv. FAITH'FULLY. -n. FAITHFULNESS. FAITHLESS, fath'les, adj. without faith or belief: not believing, esp. in God or Christianity not adhering to promises, allegiance, or duty: delusive. adv. FAITH LESSLY.-N. FAITH LESSNESS. FAKIR, fa'ker or fa-ker', n. a member of a religious order of mendicants in India and the neighboring countries. [Ar. fakhar, poor.]

FALCATE, fal'kat, FALCATED, fal'kāt-ed, adj. (astr. and bot.) bent like a sickle, as the crescent moon, and certain leaves. [L. falcatus, from falx, a sickle.] FALCHION, fawl'shun, n. a short crooked sword, falcated or bent somewhat like a sickle. [It. falcione-Low L. falcio, from L. falx, a sickle.]

FALCON, faw'kn, n. in zool. a member of the Falconinæ, a sub-family of the Falconidae (which see), characterized by a short beak, curved from the base, by having on the margin one or two strong indentations on each side, and very long wings, of which the second pen-feather is the largest. The species most commonly used in falconry are the gyrfalon or jerfalcon (Falco gyrfalco) and the peregrine falcon (F. peregrinus). The former is regarded as the boldest and most beautiful of its family, and next to the eagle the most formidable, active, and intrepid of birds. It is therefore held in the highest esteem for falconry, and was formerly imported from Iceland and Norway. The peregrine falcon being much more easily procured was much more commonly the object of the falconer's care. It builds

on high rocks on the coast, and is more numerous in Scotland than England.

FALCONER

The geographical distribution of the falcons is very wide, extending from the equator to the poles, and many species have been described. The term falcon is by sportsmen restricted to the female, the male, which is smaller and less courageous, being called tersel, tiercel, or tercelet. [O.Fr. falcon; Fr. faucon; It. falcone; L. falco. Probably from falx, a reaping-hook, from the curved claws and beak. The word has also passed into the Teut. languages. Comp. O.Ger. falcho, Ger. falk, falke, Ice. falki, falcon.] FALCONER, faw'kn-er, n. one who sports with, or who breeds and trains falcons or hawks for taking wild-fowl. [Fr. fauconnier.]

FALCONIDÆ, fal-kon'i-dē, n.pl. a family of raptorial birds or birds of prey, in which the destructive powers are most perfectly developed. The true falcons are inferior in size to the eagles and vultures, but they are of all birds the most symmetrical in their form, and the most daring in the capture of their prey, being also endowed with wonderful strength and powers of flight. They are distinguished by a projection over the eyebrows which gives their eyes the appearance of being deeply seated in their orbits. The beak is hooked and generally curved from its origin; there are three toes before and one behind, the claws are pointed and sharp, movable, retractile, and much hooked. The family includes the different species of eagles, the hawks and falcons properly so called, comprising the sub-families Polyborina (caracaras), Buteoninæ (buzzards), Aquilinæ (eagles), Falconinæ (falcons), Milvinæ (kites), Accipitrinæ (hawks), and Circinæ (harriers). FALCONRY, faw'kn-ri, n. the art of training or hunting with falcons. [Fr. fauconnerie.]

FALDERALL, fal'de-ral, n. a gewgaw: an idle fancy: a conceit. "Gin ye dinna tie him till a job that he canna get quat o', he'll flee frae ae falderall till anither a' the days o' his life."-Hogg. [Formed from the unmeaning repetitions in some old songs.]

FALDSTOOL, fawld'stōōl, n. a folding or camp stool: a kind of stool for the king to kneel on at his coronation : a bishop's seat within the altar: a small desk at which the litany is sung or said. [From Low L. faldistolium-Ŏ. H. Ger. faldan (Ger. falten), to fold, and stual (Ger. stuhl), stool, seat, or throne; Fr. fauteuil is from the same source.]

FALL, fawl, v.i. to drop down: to descend by the force of gravity: to become prostrate: (of a river) to discharge itself: to sink as if dead: to vanish: to die away: to lose strength: to decline in power, wealth, value, or reputation: to sink into sin to depart from the faith to become dejected: to pass gently into any state: to befall: to issue: to enter upon with haste or vehemence: to rush: -pr.p. fall'ing; pa.t. fell; pa.p. fallen (faw'In). [A.S. feallan; Ger. fallen; connected with L. fallo, to deceive, Gr. sphallō, to cause to fall, Sans. sphal, to tremble. See FAIL.] FALL, fawl, n. the act of falling, in any of its senses: descent by gravity: a dropping down overthrow: death: descent from a better to a worse position: slope or declivity: descent of water: a cascade-though in this sense the plural is used, as Niagara Falls, Falls of St. Anthony, etc.: length of a fall: outlet of a river: decrease in value: a sinking of the voice: the time when the leaves fall, autumn: that which falls: a lapse into sin, especially that of Adam and

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FALLIBLE, fal'i-bl, adj. liable to error or mistake. adv. FALL'IBLY. [Low L. fallibilis, from fallo.] FALLOW, fal'lo, adj. pale red or pale yellow; as, a fallow deer: left to rest after tillage; untilled; uncultivated; neglected; "Break up your fallow ground." -Jer. iv. 3; "Her predecessors did but sometimes cast up the ground; and so leaving it fallow, it became quickly overgrown with weeds."-Howell: unoccupied; neglected; unused:

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Let the cause lie fallow.-Hudibras;
A thousand bearts lie fallow in these halls.
-Tennyson.

[A. S. fealo, fealwe, pale red or pale yellow; O. E. falau, falewe, etc.-"His hue falewe and pale."-Chaucer. Cf. Ger. fahl, falb; Low Ger. and Dut. vaal, fallow; also Fr. fauve, It. falbo, which are borrowed from the Teutonic; cog. L. pallidus, pale. The application of the epithet to land is probably due to the color of ploughed land.] FALLOW, fal'lo, n. land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land ploughed without being sowed the ploughing or tilling of land, without sowing it, for a season; as, summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds; "By a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow."-Sir J. Sinclair.-A green fallow, in England, fallow where land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds by means of some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc. FALLOW, fal'lo, v.t. to plough, harrow, and break land without seeding it, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects and rendering it mellow; as, it is found to be for the interest of the farmer to fallow cold, strong, clayey land. In U.S. to summer-fallow land is to plough and cultivate it continually during the summer, in preparation for sowing wheat in the autumn. Some of the most progressive American farmers condemn summer-fallowing. They contend that, owing to evaporation under the summer heat, the practice is eventually detrimental to the soil.

FALLOW-DEER, fal'ō-der, n. a species of deer smaller than the red-deer, with broad flat antlers, and of a yellowish-brown color. FALLOWNESS. fal'ō-nes, n. state of being fallow, or untilled.

FALL-TRAP, fawl'-trap, n. a trap in which a part of the apparatus, as a door, bar, knife, or the like, descends and imprisons or kills the victim. "We walk in a world of plots, strings universally spread of deadly gins and fall-traps baited by the gold of Pitt."-Carlyle.

FALSE, fawls, adj., deceptive or deceiving: untruthful: unfaithful to obligations: untrue: not genuine or real: hypocritical not well founded.-adv. FALSE'LY. -n. FALSE'NESS. [O. Fr. fals (faux)-L. falsus, pa.p. of fallo, to deceive. See FAIL, FALL, FALLACIOUS.] FALSEHOOD, fawls'hood, n. state or qual

FAMILY

ity of being false want of truth: want of honesty deceitfulness: false appearance: an untrue statement: a lie. [FALSE, and hood, A.S. had, state.]

FALSETTO, fawl-set'o, n. a false or artificial voice: a range of voice beyond the natural compass. [It. falsetto, from root of FALSE.]

FALSI CRIMEN, fal'si kri'men, in law, the crime of what is false: the crime of fraud. In the civil law the term meant a fraudulent subornation or concealment, with design to darken or conceal the truth, or make things appear otherwise than they really are, as in swearing falsely, antedating a contract, or selling by false weights. In modern common law its prevailing signification is that of forgery. [L.]

FALSIFIABLE, fawls'i-fi-a-bl, adj. that may be falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.

FALSIFICATION, fawls-i-fi-kā’shun, n. the act of making false: the giving to a thing the appearance of something which it is not.

FALSIFIER, fawls'i-fi'er, n. one who falsifies or gives to a thing a false appearance. FALSIFY, fawls'i-fi, v.t. to forge or counterfeit to prove untrustworthy: to break by falsehood:- pr.p. fals'ifying; pa.p. fals'ified. [L. falsus, false, and facio, to make.] FALSITY, fawls'i-ti, n. quality of being false a false assertion. [L. falsitas, from falsus, false.]

FALTER, fawl'ter, v.i. to fail or stutter in speech to tremble or totter: to be feeble or irresolute. [Lit., to be at fault; from root of FAULT; cf. Span. faltar, It. faltare, to be deficient.]

FALTER, fawl'ter, n. the act of faltering, hesitating, trembling, stammering, or the like: unsteadiness: hesitation: trembling: quavering. "The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe."-J. R. Lowell. FALTERINGLY, fawl'ter-ing-li, adv. in a faltering or hesitating manner. FAME, făm, n. public report or rumor: renown or celebrity, good or bad. [Fr.-L. fama, from fari, to speak; Gr. phēmē, from phēmi, to say, make known, Sans. bhash, to speak, A.S. bannan, to proclaim.]

FAMED, famd, adj. renowned. FAMILIAR, fa-mil'yar, adj. well acquainted or intimate showing the manner of an intimate: free having a thorough knowledge of: well known or understood.-n. one well or long acquainted: a demon supposed to attend at call.adv. FAMILIARLY. [L. familiaris, from familia, a family.] FAMILIARIZE, fa-mil'yar-iz, v.t. to make

thoroughly acquainted: to accustom: to make easy by practice or study. FAMILIARITY, fa-mil-ye-ar'i-ti, n. intimate acquaintanceship: freedom from constraint:-pl. actions characterized by too much license: actions of one person towards another unwarranted by their relative position: liberties. [L. familiaritas.]

FAMILIST, fa'mil-ist, n. one of the relig ious sect called the Family of Love which arose in Holland in 1556. They taught that religion consists wholly in love, independently of any form of truth held and believed; that through love man could become absolutely absorbed in and identified with God; that God regards not the outward actions but only the heart, and that to the pure all things are pure, even things forbidden. FÂMILY, fam'i-li, n. the household, or all those who live in one house under one head the descendants of one common

FAMILY-HEAD

progenitor: race: honorable or noble descent: a group of animals, plants, languages, etc., more comprehensive than a genus. [Fr.-L. familia—famulus, a servant.]

FAMILY-HEAD, fa'mi-li-hed, n. (naut.) an old name for the stem of a vessel when it was surmounted by several full-length figures. FAMILY-MAN, fa'mi-li-man, n. one who has a family or a household: a man inclined to lead a domestic life. "The Jews are generally, when married, most exemplary family-men."-Mayhew. FAMINE, fam'in, n. general scarcity of food. [Fr., through an unrecorded Low L. famina, from L. fames, hunger.] FAMISH, fam'ish, v.t. to starve.-v.i. to die or suffer extreme hunger or thirst: to suffer from exposure. FAMISHMENT, fam'ish-ment, n. starvation.

FAMOUS, fa'mus, adj. renowned: noted. -adv. FAMOUSLY. [L. famosus, from fama.]

FAN, fan, n. the name of various instruments for exciting a current of air by the agitation of a broad surface; as, (a) an instrument made of palm-leaf, carved wood or ivory, feathers, or of thin skin, paper, or taffeta, mounted on sticks, etc., used by ladies to agitate the air and cool the face; (b) in mach. any contrivance of vanes or flat discs, revolving by the aid of machinery, as for winnowing grain, for cooling fluids, urging combustion, assisting ventilation, etc.; (c) a small vane or sail used to keep the large sails of a smock wind-mill always in the direction of the wind; (d) an apparatus for regulating or checking, by the resistance of the air to its rapid motion, the velocity of light machinery, as in a musical box; a fly; (e) an apparatus, called also the fan-governor, for regulating the throttle-valves of steam-engines: something resembling a lady's fan when spread, as the wing of a bird, the tail of a peacock, etc.; "As a peacock and crane were in company the peacock spread his tail and challenged the other to show him such a fan of feathers." -Sir R. L'Estrange: (fig.) any agency which excites to action or stimulates the activity of a passion or emotion, producing effects analogous to those of a fan in exciting flame; as, this was a fan to rebellion; a fan to a man's ardor. [A. S. fann, fan, a collateral form of van, L. vannus, whence Fr. van, a fan. Probably akin to L. ventus, wind, and E. WINNOW.] FAN, fan, v.t. to move or agitate as with a fan;

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The air... fanned with unnumbered plumes. -Milton: to cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air on the face with a fan; "She was fanned into slumbers by her slaves."-Spectator: to ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion;

Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves. -Dryden:

to winnow; to ventilate; to separate chaff from, and drive it away by a current of air; as, to fan wheat: (fig.) to produce effects on, analogous to those of a fan in exciting flame; to excite; to increase the activity or action of; to stimulate-said of the passions and emotions, of designs, plots, etc.; as, this fanned the flame of his love; he fanned the smouldering embers of the revolution till they burst into flame. FANAL, fa-nål, n. a lighthouse, or more specifically, the apparatus placed in it to give light. [Fr.]

FANAM, fan'am, n. a money of account used formerly in Madras, worth about

155

4 cents: a Ceylonese copper coin worth about 3 cents.

FANATIC, fa-nat'ik, FANATICAL, fanat'ik-al, adj. wild and extravagant in opinions, particularly in religious opinions: excessively enthusiastic: possessed or characterized by a kind of frenzy: as, a fanatic people; fanatic zeal; fanatic notions or opinions. "Fanatic Egypt and her priests."-Milton.

I abhor such fanatical phantoms.-Shak. [L. fanaticus, inspired, enthusiastic, from fanum, a place dedicated to some deity, a temple. See FANE.] FANATIC, fa-nat'ik, n. a person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects: one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion. "They are fanaticks . . . all atheists being that blind goddess Nature's fanaticks. Cudworth. "There is a word, coined within few months, called fanatics, which, by the close stickling thereof, seemeth well cut out and proportioned to signify what is meant thereby, even the sectaries of our age." -Fuller, 1660.

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FANCY, fan'si, n. that faculty of the mind by which it recalls, represents, or makes to appear past images or impressions: an image or representation thus formed in the mind: an unreasonable or capricious opinion: a whim: capricious inclination or liking.-adj. pleasing to, or guided by fancy or caprice.-FANCY-BALL, n. a ball at which fancy dresses in various characters are worn.-THE FANCY, n.pl. sporting characters generally. [Contracted from fantasy, Fr. fantasie, through L., from Gr. phantasia-Gr. phantazō, to make visible-phaino, to bring to light, to show, Sans. bha, to shine.]

FANCY, fan'si, v.t. to portray in the mind: to imagine to have a fancy or liking for: to be pleased with :-pr.p. fan'cying; pa.p. fan'cied. FANCY-FREE, fan'si-frè, adj. free from the power of love.

In maiden meditation, fancy-free.-Shak. FANCY-GOODS, fan'si-goodz, n.pl. fabrics of various patterns, as ribbons, silks, satins, etc., differing from those which are of a plain or simple color. FANCY-LINE, fan'si-lin, n. in nav. (a) a line used for overhauling the lee topping-lift of the main or spanker boom-often called a tripping-line; (b) a line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff, used as a down-haul. FANCY-SICK, fan'si-sik, adj. noting one whose imagination is unsound, or whose distemper is in his own mind.

All fancy-sick she is, and pale of cheer.-Shak. FANCY-STOCKS, fan'si-stoks, n.pl. among American brokers, stocks which, having no determinate value from any fixed probable income, fluctuate in price according to the fancy of speculators. FANCY-WORK, fan'si-werk, n. ornament

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FARCY

al knitting, crocheting, tatting, embroidery, etc., performed by ladies. FANCY-WOVEN, fan'si-wōv-n, adj. formed by the imagination.

Veil'd in Fable's fancy-woven vest.-Warton. FANDANGO, fan-dan'go, n. an old Spanish dance. [Sp.]

FANE, fãn, n. a temple. [L. fanum, from fari, to speak, to dedicate.]

FANFARE, fan'făr, n. a flourish of trum.

pets on entering the lists: a boast: a bravado. [Fr. fanfare-Sp. fanfarria, which is from Arab. farfar, loquacious.] FANFARON, fan'fa-ron, n. one who uses fanfare or bravado: a bully. [Fr., from fanfare.]

FANFARONADE, fan-far-on-ad', n. vain boasting bluster. [Fr. fanfaronnade, from fanfare.]

FANG, fang, n. the tooth of a ravenous beast: a claw or talon. [A.S. fang, from fon, to seize; Ger. fangen, to catch.] FANGED, fangd, adj. having fangs, clutches, or anything resembling them. FANLIGHT, fan'lit, n. a window resembling in form an open fan. FANNER, fan'er, n. a machine with revolving fans, used for winnowing grain, etc. FANNING-MACHINE, fan'ing-ma-shen, FANNING-MILL, fan'ing-mil, n. a machine for cleaning grain and seeds from chaff, husks, foul seeds and sand; and also for grading wheat and other cereals. FANPALM, fan'pam, n. a species of palm 60 or 70 ft. high, with fan-shaped leaves, used for umbrellas, tents, etc. FANTASIA, fan-tä'zi-a, n. a fanciful or fantastic musical composition, not gov erned by the ordinary musical rules [It., from Gr. phantasia. See FANCY.] FANTASMAGORIA, fan-tas-ma-gō'ri-a, n same as PHANTASMAGORIA. FANTASTIC, fan-tas'tik, FANTASTICAL, fan-tas'tik-al, adj., fanciful: not real: capricious whimsical: wild.-adv. FANTAS'TICALLY.

FANTASY, fan'ta-si, n. old form of FANCY. FAN-WINDOW, fan'win-do, n. a window

shaped like a fan; that is, having a semicircular outline and a sash formed of radial bars.

FAR, får, adj. remote: more distant of two: remote from or contrary to purpose or design.-adv. to a great distance in time, space, or proportion: remotely: considerably or in great part: very much to a great height: to a certain point, degree, or distance. [A.S. feor; Dut. ver, verre; Ice. fiarri; Ger. fern; allied to Gr. porro, at a distance, pro, before, Sans. pra, before, and also to E. FARE.]

FARAD, far'ad, n. the unit of quantity in electrometry: the quantity of electricity with which an electro-motive force of one volt would flow through the resistance of one megohm (a million ohms) in one second. [In honor of Prof. Faraday.1

FARADIC, fa-rad′ik, adj. a term applied to induction electricity obtained from a variety of batteries-some magneto-electric, composed of a revolving magnet and coils of wires, others of a cell (giv ing a galvanic current) and coils. FARCE, fars, n. a style of comedy, stuffed with low humor and extravagant wit. ridiculous or empty show. [Fr. farce the stuffing in meat, from L. farcio, to stuff.]

FARCICAL, färs'i-kal, adj. of or relating to a farce: ludicrous.-adv. FARC'ICALLY. FARCY, fär'si, FARCIN, fär'sin, n. a disease of horses intimately connected with glanders, the two diseases generally running into each other. It is sup

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