FARCY-BUD posed to have its seat in the absorbents of the skin, and its first indication is generally the appearance of little tumors, called farcy-buds, on the face, neck, or inside of the thigh. FARCY-BUD, fär'si-bud, n. a tumor which appears early in the disease called Farcy. [See FARCY.] FARDEL, fär'del, n. a pack or bundle. [O. Fr. fardel, Fr. fardeau, dim. of farde, a burden, of which ety. dub.] FARDEL-BOUND, fär del-bound, adj. in vet. surg. a term applied to cattle and sheep affected with a disease caused by the retention of food in the maniplus or third stomach, between the numerous plaits of which it is firmly impacted. When the food is of a narcotic character, or unusually dry, tough, or indigestible, the stomach cannot moisten and reduce it with sufficient rapidity; and as fresh quantities continue to be received, the organ becomes over-gorged, and ultimately paralyzed and affected with chronic inflammation. Over-ripe clover, vetches, or rye-grass are liable to produce the disease. FARE, far, v.i. to get on or succeed: to happen well or ill to: to feed.—n. (orig.) a course or passage: the price of passage: food or provisions for the table. [A.S. faran; Ger. fahren, to go.] FAREWELL, far-wel' or far-, int. may you fare well! an affectionate prayer for safety or success.-n. well-wishing at parting the act of departure.-adj. parting final. FAR-FETCHED, får-fecht, adj., fetched or brought from far, or from a remote place: forced, unnatural. FARINA, fa-ri'na, n. in a general sense, meal or flour: specifically, a term given to a soft, tasteless, and commonly white | powder, obtained by trituration of the seeds of cereal and leguminous plants, and of some roots, as the potato, and consisting of gluten, starch, and mucilage in bot. a name formerly given to the pollen contained in the anthers of flowers.-FOSSIL FARINA, a variety of carbonate of lime, in thin white crusts, light as cotton, and easily reducible to powder. [L. farina, ground corn, from far, a sort of grain, spelt-the earliest food of the Romans.] FARINACEOUS, far-in-a'shus, adj. consisting or made of meal or flour; as a farinaceous diet, which consists of the meal or flour of the various species of corn or grain containing or yielding farina or flour; as, farinaceous seeds: like meal; mealy; pertaining to meal; as, a farinaceous taste or smell. [L. farina, meal.] FARM, färm, n. land let or rented for cultivation or pasturage, with the necessary buildings. [A.S. feorm, goods, entertainment, from Low L. firma, a feast, tribute, also a contract, an oath-L. firmus, firm, durable. FARM is therefore a doublet of FIRM.] FARM, färm, v.t. to let out as lands to a tenant to take on lease: to grant certain rights in return for a portion of what they yield, as to farm the taxes: to cultivate, as land. :\RMER, färm'er, n. one who farms; as, one who cultivates a farm; a cultivator of the fields; an agriculturist; a husbandman: one who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent.; as, a farmer of the revenues: in mining, the lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown, in monarchical countries.-FARMER-GENERAL, in France, under the old monarchy, a member of a privileged association which farmed cer 156 tain branches of the revenue, that is, contracted with the government to pay into the treasury a fixed yearly sum, taking upon itself the collection of certain taxes as an equivalent. This system was swept away at the revolution. FARO, far'o, n. a game of chance played with cards. [Said to be so called because king Pharaoh was formerly represented on one of the cards.] FARRAGO, far-ra'gō, n. a confused mass. [L.-far, a sort of grain.] FARRIER, far'i-er, n. one who shoes horses: one who cures the diseases of horses. [O. Fr. ferrier, through Low L. ferrarius, from L. ferrum, iron.] FARRIERY, far'i-er-i, n. the art of curing the diseases of cattle. FARROW, faro, n. a litter of pigs.-v. to bring forth pigs. [A.S. fearh, a pig; Dan. fare, to farrow; Ger. ferkel, allied to L. porcus, pig, verres, boar.] FARSE, färs, n. (eccles.) an explanation or paraphrase in English of the text of the epistle read in Latin, adopted in some English churches before the Reformation, the sub-deacon repeating each verse in Latin and two choristers singing the farse or explanation in English. [L. farcio, to stuff.] FARTHER, far'ther, adj. (comp. of FAR), more far or distant: tending to a greater distance: longer: additional.-adv. at or to a greater distance: more remotely: beyond: moreover. [A rather recent form, comp. of FAR, the euphonic th being inserted from the analogy of FURTHER.] = FARTHEST, farthest, adj. (superl. of FAR), most far, distant, or remote.-adv. at or to the greatest distance. [Superl. of FAR, coined from the analogy of FURTHEST.] FARTHING, fär'thing, n. the fourth of a penny: (New Test): 2 farthings, sometimes of Eng. farthing. [A.S. feorthling, feorthing, a fourth part-feorth, fourth, and dim. of ing or ling-feor, four.] FARTHINGALE, fär'thing-gal, n. a kind of crinoline made of whalebone for distending the dress, introduced by Queen Elizabeth. [Fr. vertugade, O. Fr. verdugalle-Sp. verdugado, hooped-verdugo, a rod, a young shoot-verde, green -L. viridis, green.] FAR-WEST, fär'west, n. a name loosely applied to that portion of the United States lying beyond the Mississippi. FAR-WEST, far west, adj. pertaining to the Far-West, or the United States west of the Mississippi. FASCES, fas'ēz, n.pl. (Roman antiquities) a bundle of rods with an axe in the middle, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. [L. fascis, a bundle.] FASCICLE, fas'i-kl, n., a little bundle: (bot.) a close cluster, with the flowers much crowded together, as in the sweetwilliam. [L. fasciculus, dim. of fascis.] FASCICULAR, fas-sik'u-lar, FASCICULATE, fas-sik'u-lāt, adj. united as in a bundle. FASCINATE, fas'i-nāt, v.t. to fix or control by the glance: to charm: to enchant. [L. fascino, -atus, prob. allied to Gr. baskaino, to bewitch.] FASCINATION, fas-i-na'shun, n. the act of charming: supposed power to harm by looks or spells: mysterious attractive power exerted by a man's words or manner irresistible power of alluring. [L. fascinatio.] FASCINE, fas-sen', n. a fagot or bundle of rods, used in fort. to raise batteries, fill ditches, etc. [Fr.-L. fascina—fascis, a bundle.] FASHION, fash'un, n. the make or cut of FASTIGIUM a thing: form or pattern: prevailing mode or shape of dress: a prevailing custom: manner: genteel society: (New Test.) appearance.v.t. to make: to mould according to a pattern: to suit or adapt.-n. FASH'IONER. [Fr. façonL. factio-facio, to make.] FASHIONABLE, fash'un-a-bl, adj. made according to prevailing fashion: pre vailing or in use at any period: observant of the fashion in dress or living: genteel: moving in high society.-adv. FASH'IONABLY.-n. FASH'IONABLENESS. FAST, fast, adj. firm: fixed: steadfast.adv. firmly soundly or sound (asleep).— FAST BY, close to.- FAST AND LOOSE PULLEYS, two pulleys of the same diameter placed side by side on a shaft, the one rigidly fixed to the shaft, the other loose. The shaft is driven from a revolving shaft by a band passed over the fixed pulley, and, when the shaft is to be stopped, the band is shifted to the loose pulley. [A.S. fæst; Ger. fest; allied to fassen, to seize.] FAST, fast, adj. quick rash: dissipated. -adv. swiftly in rapid succession: extravagantly. [A special use of fast, firm, derived from the Scand., in the sense of urgent or pressing.] FAST, fast, v.i. to keep from food: to go hungry to abstain from food in whole or part, as a religious duty.-n. abstinence from food: special abstinence enjoined by the church: the day of fasting. ns. FASTER, one who fasts; FAST'ING, religious abstinence; FAST'-DAY, a day of religious fasting. [A.S. fæstan, to fast ; Ger. fasten, Goth. fastan, to keep; allied with FAST, firm, in the sense of making firm or strict.] FASTEN, fas'n, v.t. to make fast or tight : to fix securely to attach firmly one thing to another.-v.i. to fix itself.-n. FAS TENING, that which fastens. FAST-HANDED, fast'-hand-ed, adj. close handed covetous: closefisted: avaricious. (Rare.) "The king being fasthanded and loth to part with a second dowry prevailed with the prince... to be contracted with the Princess Catharine."-Bacon. ... FASTI, fas'tī, n.pl. among the Romans, registers of various kinds; as, fasti sacri or kalendares, calendars of the year, giving the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to the modern almanac; fasti annales or historici, containing the names of the consuls and other magistrates, and an enumeration of the most remarkable historical events noted down opposite the days on which they occur. [L] FASTIDIOUS, fas-tid'i-us, adj. affecting superior taste: over-nice: difficult to please.-adv. FASTIDIOUSLY.-N. FASTID'IOUSNESS. [L. fastidiosus — fastidium, loathing-fastus, pride, and tædium, loathing.] FASTIGIATE, fas-ti'ji-āt, FASTIGIATED, fas-ti'ji-at-ed, adj. narrowed to the top; roofed; "That noted hill, the top whereof is fastigiate like a sugar-loaf." -Ray in bot. tapering to a narrow point like a pyramid; as, a plant is said to be fastigiated when the branches become gradually shorter from the base to the apex, as the Lombardy poplar. [L fastigiatus, pointed, from fastigio, to point, fastigium, a top or peak.] FASTIGIATELY, fas-ti'ji-at-li, adv. in a fastigiate manner: pointedly. FASTIGIUM, fas-ti'ji-um, n. the summit, apex, or ridge of a house or pediment: the pediment of a portico; so called be cause it followed the form of the roof {L.] FASTISH FASTISH, fast'ish, adj. rather fast: specifically, somewhat dissipated, or inclined to lead a gay life. "A fastish young man." -Thackeray. FASTNESS, fast'nes, n. fixedness: a stronghold, fortress, castle. FAT, fat, adj. plump, fleshy: fruitful: gross.-n. an oily substance under the skin solid animal oil: the richest part of anything.-v.t. to make fat.-v.i. to grow fat: -pr.p. fatt'ing; pa.p. fatt'ed. [A.S. fat; Ger. fett.] FAT, fat, n. a vat. See VAT. FATAL, fat'al, adj. belonging to or appointed by fate: causing ruin or death: mortal: calamitous-adv. FAT'ALLY. FATALISM, fāt'al-izm, n. the doctrine that all events are subject to fate, and happen by unavoidable necessity. -n. FATALIST, one who believes in fatalism. -adj. FATALISTIC, belonging to or partaking of fatalism. FATALITY, fat-al'i-ti, n. the state of being fatal or unavoidable: the decree of fate: fixed tendency to disaster or death: mortality. FATA MORGANA, fä'ta mor-gä'na, n. a name given to a very striking optical illusion which has been principally remarked in the Strait of Messina, between the coasts of Sicily and Calabria-a variety of mirage (which see). The images of men, houses, towers, palaces, columns, trees, etc., are occasionally seen from the coast, sometimes in the water, and sometimes in the air, or at the surface of the water. The same object has frequently two images, one in the natural and the other in an inverted position. The images of a single object are said to be sometimes considerably multiplied. [It., because supposed to be the work of a fata or fairy called Morgana.] FAT-BRAINED, fat'-brand, adj. dull of apprehension. "What a wretched and peevish fellow is this King of England, to mope with his fat-brained followers so far out of his knowledge."-Shak. FATE, fat, n. inevitable destiny or necessity appointed lot: ill-fortune: doom: final issue. [L. fatum, a prediction— fatus, spoken-fari, to speak.] FATED, fat'ed, adj. doomed: destined. FATES, fāts, n.pl. the three goddesses of fate, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, who were supposed to determine the birth, life, and death of men. FATHER, fä'ther, n. a male parent: an ancestor or forefather: a contriver or originator: a title of respect : an ecclesiastical writer of the early centuries: the first Person of the Trinity: the eldest member of any profession, or of any body; as, father of the bar, the oldest barrister; father of the church, the clergyman who has longest held office; father of the House of Representatives, the member who has been longest in the House.-FATHERS OF THE CHURCH, the name given to the early teachers and expounders of Christianity, whose writings have thrown light upon the history, doctrines, and observances of the Christian Church in the early ages. Those of them who were, during any part of their lives, contemporary with the apostles, are called apostolic fathers. These are five: Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas, Ignatius, and Polycarp. Those of the first three centuries, including the five above named, are sometimes styled primitive fathers, to distinguish them from the fathers of the fourth and fifth centuries-their names, in addition to the five just mentioned, are, Justin, Theophilus, bishop of Antioch, Irenæus, bishop of Lyon, Clement of Alexandria, 157 Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, Origen of Alexandria, Gregory Thaumaturgus, Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, Tertullianus of Carthage. The fathers of the fourth and fifth centuries are generally ranged in two classes — fathers of the Greek or Eastern church, and fathers of the Latin Church. The former are, Eusebius of Cæsarea, Athanasius, Basil the Great, bishop of Cæsarea, Gregory Nazianzenus, Gregory of Nyssa, Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople, Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis in Cyprus, Cyril, bishop of Alexandria. To the above must be added Ephraim, the Syrian deacon of Edessa. The fathers of the Latin Church are, Lactantius, Hilary, bishop of Poictiers, Ambrose, archbishop of Milan, Jerome, the translator of the Bible, Augustin, bishop of Hippo.-v.t. to adopt : to ascribe to one as his offspring or production. [A.S. faeder; Ger. vater, L. pater, Gr. pater, Sans. pitri, from root pa, to feed.] FATHERHOOD, fä'ther-hood, n. state of being a father: fatherly authority. FATHER-IN-LAW, fä'ther-in-law, n. the father of one's husband or wife. FATHERLAND, fä'ther-land, n. the land of one's fathers. FATHERLESS, fä'ther-les, adj. destitute of a living father: without a known author.-n. FA'THERLESSNESS. FATHERLY, fä'ther-li, adj. like a father in affection and care: paternal.—n. FA'THER LINESS. FATHOM, fath'um, n. the distance between the extremities of both arms extended or held out: a nautical measure = 6 feet.v.t. to try the depth of: to comprehend or get to the bottom of.-adjs. FATH'OMABLE, FATH'OMLESS. [A.S. faethm; Dut. vadem, Ger. faden; cf. L. pateo, Gr. petannymi, to stretch.] FATIGUE, fa-tēg, n., weariness from labor of body or of mind: toil: military work, distinct from the use of arms.-v.t. to reduce to a state of weariness: to exhaust one's strength: to harass:-pr.p fatigu'- | ing; pa p. fatigued'. [Fr., from L. fatigo, to weary.] FATIGUE-DRESS, fa-tēg'-dres, n. the werking-dress of soldiers. FATIGUE-DUTY,fa-tēg'-du-ti, n. the work of soldiers distinct from the use of arms. FATIGUE-PARTY, fa-tēg'-pär-ti, n. a body of soldiers engaged in labors distinct from the use of arms. FATIMIDE, fat'i-mīd, FATIMITE, fat'i-mit, n. a descendant of Fatima, the daughter and only child of Mahomet. A line of caliphs, popularly known as the Fatimite dynasty, was founded in 909 by AbuMohammed Obeidalla, who gave himself out as grandson of Fatima, and continued till the death of Adhed, the fourteenth Fatimite caliph, in 1171. The members claimed pontifical attributes. FATISCENCE, fa-tis'sens, n. a gaping or opening a state of being chinky. Kirwan. [L. fatisco, to open, to gape.] FAT-KIDNEYED, fat'-kid-nid, adj. fat: gross: a word used in contempt. Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal!"—Shak. [FAT and KIDNEY.] FATLING, fat'ling, n. a lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter: a fat animal: applied to quadrupeds whose flesh is used for food. He (David) sacrificed oxen and fatlings."-2 Sam. vi. 13. FATNESS, fat'nes, n. quality or state of being fat fullness of flesh: richness : fertility that which makes fertile. FATTEN, fat'n, v.t. to make fat or fleshy: to make fertile.-v.i. to grow fat.-ns. FATT'ENER, he who or that which fat FAUNA tens; FATT'ENING, the process of making fat state of growing fat. FATTY, fat'i, adj. containing fat or having the qualities of fat.-FATTY ACIDS, a name given to such acids as have been separated from fats. Fats and fixed oils are composed of one or more acids and glycerine. The glycerine may be removed by boiling the fat with any stronger base, as potash or soda, with which the acid combines to form a soap. By treating this soap with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid the base is removed and the fatty acid obtained free. Acetic and formic acids have been included in the fatty acids, because, though not entering into oleaginous compounds, they belong to the same chemical order.FATTY TISSUE, in anat. the adipose tissue, a tissue composed of minute cells or vesicles, having no communication with each other, but lying side by side in the meshes of the cellular tissue, which serves to hold them together, and through which also the blood-vessels find their way to them. In the cells of this tissue the animal matter called fat is deposited. FATTY DEGENERATION, in pathol. a condition characterized by a continually increasing accumulation of fat replacing the minute structural elements of the tissues of living organisms. In man this diseased condition has been observed in nearly all the tissues, and is essentially a sign of weakness or death of the part. It attacks the muscles, especially the heart; the brain (yellow softening); the kidney, in many cases of Bright's disease; etc. In the severer forms, when the heart or the larger vessels are affected, the disease generally terminates in sudden death by rupture, FATUITY, fa-tu'i-ti, n. the being feeble in followed by syncope.-n. FATT'INESS. intellect: imbecility. FATUOUS, fat'u-us, adj. silly: without reality deceptive, like the ignis-fatuus. [L. fatuus, foolish.] FAUBOURG, fō'bōōrg, n. a suburb in French cities: the name is also given to districts now within the city, but which were formerly suburbs without it, when the walls were less extensive. [Fr. In O. Fr. also written forsbourg, Low L. foris burgum-L. foris, out of doors, and Low L. burgum, a borough. The present spelling perhaps originated from a confusion of the first syllable with faux, false.] FAUCES, faw'sez, n.pl. the upper part of the throat from the root of the tongue to the entrance of the gullet. [L.] FAUCET, faw'set, n. a pipe inserted in a barrel to draw liquid. [Fr. faussetfausser, to falsify, to pierce-L. falsus. See FALSE.] FAUGH, faw, int. an exclamation of contempt or disgust. [Prob. from the sound.] FAULT, fawlt, n. a failing: error: blemish a slight offence: (geol. and min.) a displacement of strata or veins. [Fr. faute-L. fallo, to deceive.] FAULTLESS, fawlt'les, adj. without fault or defect.-adv. FAULT'LESSLY.—n. FAULT'LESSNESS. FAULTY, fawlt'i, adj. imperfect: guilty of a fault blameable.-adv. FAULT'ILY.—n. FAULT'INESS. FAUN, fawn, n. a rural deity among the Romans-the protector of shepherds and agriculture. [L. faunus, from faveo fautum, to favor.] FAUNA, fawn'a, n.pl. the animals native to any region or epoch, so called because protected by the Fauns. FAUNAL FAUNAL, fawn'al, adj. of, pertaining to, or connected with a fauna. "Faunal publications."-Academy. FAVOR, fa'vur, n. a regarding kindly: countenance: good-will: a kind deed: an act of grace or lenity: a knot of white ribbons worn at a wedding.-v.t. to regard with good will: to be on the side of to treat indulgently: to afford advantage to.-n. FAVORER. [Fr.-L. favor-faveo, to favor, befriend.] FAVORABLE, fa'vur-a-bl, adj. friendly: propitious: conducive to: advantageous. -adv. FA'VORABLY.-N. FA'VORABLENESS. FAVORITE, fa'vur-it, n. a person or thing regarded with favor: one unduly loved :pl. a series of short curls over the brow, a style of hairdressing introduced in the reign of Charles II. "With immodest fav'rites shade my face."-Gay. "The favorites hang loose upon the temples, with a languishing lock in the middle." -Farquhar.-adj. esteemed, beloved, preferred. n. FA'VORITISM, the practice of favoring or showing partiality. FAWN, fawn, n. a young deer.-adj. resembling a fawn in color.-v.i. to bring forth a fawn. [Fr. faon, through an unrecorded Low L. fotonus, an extension of L. fœtus, offspring.] FAWN, fawn, v.i. to cringe: to flatter in a servile way (followed by upon).—n. a servile cringe or bow: mean flattery. -n. FAWN'ER, one who flatters to gain favor.-adv. FAWN'INGLY. [M.E. faunen; from Ice. fagna, to rejoice, conn. with A.S. fægen, glad.] 66 FAWNINGNESS, fawn-ing'nes, n. the state or quality of being fawning, cringing or servile mean flattery or cajolery. I'm for peace, and quietness, and fawningness."-De Quincey. FAY, fā, v.i. to fit: to suit: to unite closely specifically, in ship-building, 'to fit or lie close together, as any two pieces of wood; thus, a plank is said to fay to the timbers when there is no perceptible space between them. [A.S. fegan, to unite.] FAY, fa, v.t. to fit two pieces of timber together so that they lie close and fair: to fit. FAY, fā, n. a fairy. [Fr. fée-Low L. fata, a fairy-L. fatum, fate. See FATE.] FEALTY, fē'al-ti or fel'ti, n. the oath sworn by the vassal to be faithful to his feudal lord loyalty. [O. Fr. fealte-L. flelitas-fidelis, faithful-fido, to trust.] FEAR, fer, n. a painful emotion, excited by danger apprehension of danger or pain: alarm: the object of fear: (B.) deep reverence: piety towards God.v.t. to regard with fear: to expect with alarm: (B.) to stand in awe of to venerate: (obs.) to terrify: to make afraid. [A.S. fæer, fear; Ger. gefahr, Ice. far, harm, mischief.] FEARFUL, fer'fool, adj. timorous: exciting intense fear: terrible.-adv. FEAR FULLY. -n. FEAR FULNESS. FEARLESS, fer'les, adj. without fear: daring brave. -adv. FEAR'LESSLY. —-n. FEAR LESSNESS. FEASIBLE, fez'i-bl, adj. practicable.-adv. FEAS'IBLY.—ns. FEAS'IBLENESS, FEASIBIL'ITY. [Fr. faisable, that can be donefaire, faisant-L. facere, to do, to make.] FEAST, fest, n. a day of unusual solemnity or joy: a rich and abundant repast: rich enjoyment for the mind or heart.-v.i. to hold a feast: to eat sumptuously to receive intense delight.-v.t. to entertain sumptuously.-n. FEAST'ER. [O.Fr. feste (Fr. fête)-L. festum, a holiday, festus, solemn, festal.] : 158 FEAST-WON, fest'-wun, adj. gained or won by feasting. Ah! when the means are gone that buy this praise, The breath is gone whereof this praise is made; Feast-won, fast-lost.-Shak. FEAT, fēt, n. a deed manifesting extraordinary strength, skill, or courage. [Fr. fait, O. Fr. faict-L. factus, done-L. facio, to do, to make.] FEATHER, feth'er, n. one of the growths which form the covering of a bird: a feather-like ornament.-v.t. to furnish or adorn with feathers.-TO FEATHER AN OAR, to bring it out of the water in a flat or horizontal position. [A.S. fether; Ger. feder: conn. with L. penna (— petna), Gr. pteron, Sans. patra-pat, to fly.] FEATHER-BRAINED, feth'er-brand, adj. having a weak, empty brain or disposition: frivolous: giddy. "To a featherbrained school-girl nothing is sacred."Charlotte Bronte. FEATHERHEAD, feth'er-hed, n. a light, giddy, frivolous person: a trifler. A fool and featherhead."-Tennyson. FEATHER-HEADED, feth'er-hed-ed, adj. same as FEATHER-BRAINED. "This featherheaded puppy.”—Cibber. FEATHER-PATED, feth'er-pated, adj. same as FEATHER-BRAINED. "Featherpated, giddy madmen."-Sir W. Scott. FEATHERY, feth'er-i, adj. pertaining to, resembling, or covered with feathers. FEATURE, fet'ür, n. the marks by which anything is recognized: the prominent traits of anything: the cast of the face: —pl. the countenance.-adjs. FEATʼURED, with features well marked; FEATURELESS, destitute of distinct features. [O. Fr. faiture-L. factura, facturus, fut. part. of facio, to make.] FEATURE, fēt'úr, v.t. to have features resembling to look like: to resemble generally. "Miss Vincy. was much comforted by her perception that two at least of Fred's boys were real Vincys, and did not feature the Garths."-George | Eliot. FEBRIFUGE, feb'ri-fuj, n. a medicine for removing fever. [L. febris, and fugo, to put to flight.] FEBRILE, fe'bril or feb'ril, adj. pertaining to fever feverish. [Fr. febrile, from L. febris, fever.] FEBRONIANISM, fe-brō'ni-an-izm, n. in Rom. Cath. theol. a system of doctrines antagonistic to the admitted claims of the pope, and asserting the independence of national churches, and the rights of bishops to unrestricted action in matters of discipline and church government within their own dioceses. [From Justinus Febronius, a nom de plume assumed by John Nicholas von Hontheim, archbishop of Trèves, in a work on the claims of the pope.] FEBRUARY, feb'rōō-ar-i, n. the second month of the year. [L. Februarius (mensis), the month of expiation, because in this month the great Roman feast of expiation was held-februa, the festival of expiation.] FECAL, fe'kal, adj. relating to, consisting of fæces. FEEL satisfaction from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.] FECIAL, fe'shal, adj. in ancient Rome, pertaining to the fecials or college of priests, who acted as the guardians of the public faith. FECULENT, fek'ü-lent, adj. containing fæces or sediment: muddy foul.-n. FEC'ULENCE or FEC'ULENCY. FECUND, fek'und, adj., fruitful: fertile : prolific. [L. fecundus-obs. feo, to bring forth.] FECUNDATE, fek'und-āt, v.t. to make fruitful to impregnate. FECUNDATION, fek-un-da'shun, n. the act of impregnating: the state of being impregnated. FECUNDITY, fek-und'i-ti, n. fruitfulness: prolificness in female animals. FED, fed, pa.t. and pa.p. of FEED. FEDERAL, fed'er-al, adj. pertaining to or consisting of a treaty or covenant: founded upon mutual agreement.-A FEDERAL union or government is one in which several states, while independent in home affairs, combine for national or general purposes, as in the United States and Switzerland. In American civil war, FEDERAL was the name given to the states of the North which defended the Union against the Confederate separatists of the South. [Fr. fédéral-L. fœdus, fœderis, a treaty, akin to fido, to trust.] FEDERALIST, fed'er-al-ist, n. a supporter of a federal constitution or union: specifically, the name of the first American political party headed by Washington, Adams, and Hamilton, as opposed to the Anti-Federalist, led by Jefferson and his confréres: also the name of the publication devoted to enforcing the views of the former.-n. FEDERALISM, the principles or cause maintained by federalists. FEDERATE, fed'er-at, adj. united by league confederated. : adj. FED'ERA TIVE, uniting in league. FEE, fē, n. price paid for services, as to a lawyer or physician: recompense: a grant of land for feudal service: an unconditional inheritance (often termed fee simple): possession: ownership.-v.t. to pay a fee to: to hire :-pr.p. fee'ing; pa.p. feed'. [A.S. feoh, cattle, property; a special kind of property, property in land; Ger. vieh, Ice. fe; allied to L. pecus, cattle, pecunia, money.] FÉEBLE, fë ́bl, adj. weak: wanting in strength of body: showing weakness or incapacity: faint: dull.-adv. FEE'BLY.n. FEE BLENESS. [O. Fr. foible, for floible -L. flebilis, lamentable, from fleo, flere, to weep.] FEEBLE, fe'bl, n. that part of a sword or fencing-foil extending from about the middle of the blade to the point: so called because it is the weakest portion of the weapon for resisting pressure, deflecting a blow, etc. Called also FAIBLE and FOI BLE. FEEBLE-MINDED, fe'l-mind'ed, adj. weak-minded: irresolute. FEED, fed, v.t. to give food to: to nourish : to furnish with necessary material: to foster.-v.i. to take food: to nourish one's self by eating :-pr.p. feed'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. fed.-n. an allowance of provender given to cattle.-n. FEED'ER, he who feeds or that which supplies. [A.S. fedan, to feed, nourish-foda, food.] FEEL, fel, v.t. to perceive by the touch: to handle to be conscious of: to be keenly sensible of: to have an inward persuasion of. v.i. to know by the touch: to have the emotions excited: to produce a certain sensation when touched, as to feel hard or hot-pr.p. feel'ing; pa.t. and FEELER pa.p. felt. [A.S. felan, to feel; Ger. fühlen; akin to L. palpare.] FEELER, fel'er, n. a remark cautiously dropped to sound the opinions of others: -pl. jointed fibres in the heads of insects, etc., possessed of a delicate sense of touch, termed antennæ. FEELING, fel'ing, n. the sense of touch: perception of objects by touch: consciousness of pleasure or pain: tenderness: emotion: pl. the affections or passions. -adj. expressive of great sensibility or tenderness: easily affected.-adv. FEEL' INGLY. FEET, fēt, plural of Foor. FEIGN, fan, v.t. to invent: to imagine : to make a show or pretence of.-adv. FEIGN'EDLY. n. FEIGN'EDNESS. [Fr. feindre, pr.p. feignant, to feign L. fingo, fictum, to form.] FEINT, fant, n. a false appearance: a pretence: a mock-assault : a deceptive movement in fencing. [Fr. feint, pa.p. of feindre. See FEIGN.] FEINT, fant, v.i. to make a feint: to make a pretended blow, thrust, or attack at He practiced every pass and ward, FELDSPAR, feld'spår, FELDSPATH, feld'- 66 Many felicities of expression will be casually overlooked.”—Johnson. [L. felicitas, from felix, happy.] FELIDÆ, fe'li-dē, n.pl. animals of the cat kind, a family of carnivora in which the predaceous instincts reach their highest development. They are among the quadrupeds what the Falconida are among the birds. The teeth and claws are the principal instruments of the destructive energy in these animals. The incisor teeth are equal; the third tooth behind the large canine in either jaw is narrow and sharp, and these, the carnassial or sectorial teeth, work against each other like scissors in cutting flesh; the claws are sheathed and retractile. They all approach their prey stealthily, seize it with a spring, and devour it fresh. The species are numerous, and distributed over Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, but none are found in Australia. No species is common to the Old and New Worlds. They are all so closely allied in structure that they are still comprehended within the Linnæan genus Felis. This family comprehends the domestic cat, the wild cat, the lion, 159 tiger, leopard, lynx, jaguar, panther, chetah, ounce, caracal, serval, ocelot, etc. [L. felis, a cat, and Gr. eidos, likeness.] FELINE, fe-li'ne, n.pl. the cat family: a sub-family of the Felidæ, comprising the cats, lions, tigers, and lynxes. [See FELIDE.] FELINE, fe'lin, adj. pertaining to the cat or the catkind: like a cat. [L. felinusfeles, a cat.] FELL, fel, n. a barren or stony hill. [Ice.] FELL, fel, pa.t. of FALL. FELL, fel, v.t. to cause to fall: to bring to the ground to cut down. [A.S. fellan, causal form of feallan, to fall. See FALL.] FELL, fel, n. a skin. [A.S. fel; cf. L. pellis, Gr. pella.] FELL, fel, adj. cruel: fierce: bloody.-n. FELLER, fel'er, n. a cutter of wood. FELLOW, fel'ō, n. an associate: a companion and equal: one of a pair: a mate: a member of a university who enjoys a fellowship: a member of a scientific or other society: a worthless person. [M.E. felawe-Ice. felagi, a partner in goods, from fe (Ger. vieh), cattle, property, and lag, a laying together, a law; cf. E. fee, and law.] FELLOW-FEELING, fel'o-fel'ing, n. feeling between fellows or equals: sympathy. FELLOWSHIP, fel'o-ship, n. the state of being a fellow or partner: friendly intercourse: communion : an association: an endowment in a university for the support of graduates called fellows: the position and income of a fellow : (arith.) the proportional division of profit and loss among partners. FELLY, fel'i, FELLOE, fel'o, n. one of the curved pieces in the circumference of a wheel. [A.S. felgu; Ger. felge.] FELO DE SE, fe'lo dẽ sẽ, in law, one who commits felony by suicide, or deliberately destroys his own life. [Low L., lit. a felon upon himself.] FELON, fel'on, n. in law, a person who | has committed felony a person guilty of heinous crimes: a whitlow; a sort of inflammation in animals similar to that of whitlow in the human subject. [Fr. félon, a traitor; It. fellone, felonious. The real origin is not known.] FELON, fel'on, adj. malignant: fierce : malicious: proceeding from a depraved heart. Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.-Pope. FELONIOUS, fe-lō'ni-us, adj. malignant; malicious; indicating or proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose; villanous; traitorous; perfidious; as, a felonious deed: in law, done with the deliberate purpose to commit a crime; as, felonious homicide. FELONIOUSLY, fe-lo'ni-us-li, adv. in a felonious manner: with the deliberate intention to commit a crime. Indictments for capital offences must state the fact to be done feloniously. FELONY, fel'on-i, n. (orig.) in England a crime punished by total forfeiture of lands, etc.: a crime punishable by imprisonment or death. FELSPAR. Same as FELDSPAR. FELT, felt, pa.t. and pa.p. of FEEL. FELT, felt, n. cloth made of wool united without weaving.-v.t. to make into felt: to cover with felt. [Ger. filz, woollen cloth, allied to Gr. pilos, wool wrought into felt, L. pileus, a felt-hat.] FELTING, felt'ing, n. the art or process of making felt. FER-DE-LANCE FELUCCA, fe-luk'a, n. a boat with oars and broad three-cornered sails, used in the Mediterranean. [It. feluca, which, like Fr. félouque, is from Ar. fulk, a ship.] FEMALE, fe'mal, adj. of the sex that produces young pertaining to females: (bot.) having a pistil or fruit-bearing organ.-n. one of the female sex. [Fr. femelle-L. femella, a young female; dim. of femina-obs, feo, to bring forth.] FEME-COVERT, FEMME COVERT, femku'vert, n. a married woman who is under covert of her husband. FEMERELL, fem'e-rel, FOMERELL, fom'e-rel, n. in arch. a lantern, dome, or cover, placed on the roof of a kitchen, hall, etc., for the purpose of ventilation, or the escape of smoke. [Fr. fumerelle, from fumer, to smoke, from L. fumus, smoke.] FEME-SOLE, FEMME-SOLE, fem-sōl', n. an unmarried woman.-FEMME-SOLE MERCHANT, a woman who, by the custom of London, carries on a trade on her own account. FEMININE, fem'i-nin, adj. pertaining to women tender, delicate womanly: (gram.) the gender denoting females.adv. FEM'ININELY. [See FEMALE.] FEMORAL, fem'o-ral, adj. belonging to the thigh. [L. femoralis-femur, femoris, the thigh.] FEN, fen, n. a kind of low marshy land often or partially covered with water: a morass or bog.-adjs. FENN'Y, FENN'ISH. [A.S. fen; Ice. fen, Goth. fani, mud.] FENCE, fens, n. a wall or hedge for inclosing animals or for protecting land: the art of fencing: defence.-v.t. to inclose with a fence: to fortify.-v.i. to practice fencing. [Abbrev. of DEFENCE.] FENCIBLE, fens'i-bl, adj. capable of being fenced or defended. - n.pl. FENC'IBLES, volunteer regiments raised for local defence in England during a special crisis : militia enlisted for home service. FENCING, fens'ing, adj. defending or guarding. -n. the act of erecting a fence: the art of attack and defence with a sword or other weapon. FENC'ER, one who practices fencing with a sword. FEND, fend, v.t. to ward off: to shut out. [Merely an abbrev. of DEFEND L. obs. fendo, root of defendo, to fend or ward off.] FENDER, fend'er, n. a metal guard before a fire to confine the ashes: a protection for a ship's side. [From FEND.] FENESTRAL, fe-nes'tral; adj. belonging to windows. [L. fenestralis-fenestra, a window, allied to Gr. phainō, to shine.] FENIAN, fe'ne-an, n. applied to an associa tion of Irishmen for the overthrow of the English government in Ireland.-n. FE'NIANISM. [Prob. from the Finna, an ancient Irish militia.] n. FENNEL, fen'el, n. a fragrant plant with yellow flowers. [A.S. finol; Ger. fenchel -L. foeniculum, fennel, from ferum, hay.] FEOFF, fef, n. a fief.—v.t. to grant possession of a fief or property in land.-ns. FEOFF MENT, the gift of a fief or feoff; FEOFFER, he who grants the fief. [O.Fr. feoffer or fiefer—O. Fr. fief.] FER-DE-LANCE, fer-de-längs,n. the lanceheaded viper or Craspedocephalus (Bothrops) lanceolatus, a serpent common in Brazil and some of the West Indian Islands, and one of the most terrible members of the rattlesnake family (Crotalidæ). It is 5 to 7 feet in length, and is capable of executing considerable springs when in pursuit of prey or of some object which has irritated it. Its bite is almost certainly fatal, the only antidote of any avail being said to be ardent spirits. FERETORY When a person is bit he is kept in a continual state of semi-intoxication, with the view of counteracting the paralyzing effect of the poison upon the nerves. It infests sugar plantations, and is dreaded alike by man and beast. The tail ends in a horny spine, which scrapes harshly against rough objects, but does not rattle. [Fr., iron of a lance, lance-head.] FERETORY, fer'e-tor-i, n. a place in a church for a bier. [L. feretrum-fero, Gr. phero, to bear.] FERIÆ, fe'ri-ē, n. pl. in Roman antiq. holidays, during which free Romans suspended their political transactions and lawsuits, and slaves enjoyed a cessation from labor. The feria were thus dies nefasti. They were divided into two classes, feria publicæ and privatæ. The latter were observed by single families or individuals in commemoration of some particular event of consequence to themselves or their ancestors. Feriæ publicæ included all days consecrated to any deity, and consequently all days on which public festivals were held. The manner in which the public feria were kept bears great analogy to our observance of Sunday, the people visiting the temples of the gods and offering prayers and sacrifices. [L.] FERINE, fe'rin, adj. pertaining to or like a wild beast: savage. [L. ferinus-fera, a wild beast-ferus, wild, akin to Gr. ther, Ger. thier, a beast.] FERINGEE, FERINGHEE, fe-ring'ge, n. the name given to Englishmen by the Hindus. "The first instalment of these notorious cartridges were without doubt abundantly offensive to the Feringhees as well as to the Faithful."-Capt. Mowbray Thomson. [Probably a corruption of Frank.] FERMENT, fer'ment, n. what excites fermentation, as yeast, leaven: internal motion amongst the parts of a fluid: agitation: tumult. [L. fermentum, for fervimentum-ferveo, to boil.] FERMENT, fer-ment', v.t. to excite fermentation to inflame.-v.i. to rise and swell by the action of fermentation: to work, used of wine, etc. to be in excited action to be stirred with anger. FERMENTABLE, fer-ment'a-bl, adj. capable of fermentation.-n. FERMENTABILITY. : FERMENTATION, fer-ment-a'shun, n. the conversion of an organic substance into new compounds in presence of a ferment. Fermentation differs in kind according to the nature of the substance which promotes it. Sugar in solution is liable to two principal kinds of fermentation (vinous and lactic), both of which are probably due to the growth in the liquid of a mould or fungus. Fermentation may be checked or altogether prevented by anything which prevents the growth of the fungus, as by keeping away from the liquid the spores or germs from which the fungus springs, by the liquid being either too hot or too cold for its development, by its containing too much sugar, or by the presence of a substance (called an antiseptic) which acts as a poison on the fungus. Vinous fermentation is produced by the growth of the yeast-plant (see YEAST); lactic fermentation is due to the presence in the liquid of Penicillium glaucum (common blue mould). In vinous fermentation the sugar is converted into carbonic acid and alcohol, the nitrogenous element being assimilated by the rapidly developing ova of the ferment. Lactic fermentation takes place in milk in the process of becoming sour, when the sugar of the milk is converted into lactic acid. (See under LACTIC.) Acetous 160 fermentation occurs in liquids which have | already undergone vinous fermentation. When exposed to the atmosphere such liquids become sour, and vinegar is produced. This change is probably due to the growth of a fungus, Mycoderma aceti (the vinegar-plant). Other kinds of fermentation are benzoic fermentation, in which, amongst other matters, the essential oil of bitter almonds is formed; and sinapic fermentation, occurring in mustard moistened with water, during which oil of mustard is produced. For an explanation of fermentation, in relation to the origin and spread of contagious diseases, see GERM THEORY.-Figuratively, the state of being in high activity or commotion: agitation: excitement, as of the intellect or feelings, a society, etc. "The founders of the English Church wrote and acted in an age of violent intellectual fermentation and of constant action and reaction."-Macaulay. [Low L. fermentatio, from L. fermento, fermentatum.] FERMENTÄTIVE, ferment'a - tiv, adj. causing or consisting in fermentation.n. FERMENT'ATIVENESS. FERN, fern, n. a plant which becomes a tree in the tropics with feather-like leaves. [A.S. fearn: Ger. farn.] FERNSHAW, fern'shaw, n. a shaw, brake, or thicket of ferns. 'Telling her some story or other of hill or dale, oakwood or fernshaw."-Browning. FERNY, fern'i, adj. full of or overgrown with ferns. 66 FEROCIOUS, fe-ro'shus, adj. savage, fierce cruel.-adv. FERO'CIOUSLY.-n. FERO'CIOUSNESS. [Fr. and It. feroceL. ferox, wild-ferus, wild.] FEROCITY, fe-ros'i-ti, n. savage cruelty of disposition: untamed fierceness. FERRANDINE, fer'ran-din, n. a stuff made of wool and silk. [Fr. ferrandine, possibly from an O. Fr. word, ferrand, an iron-gray horse, and transferred to the cloth from its color.] FERRARA, fer-rä'rä, n. a claymore or broad sword of peculiarly excellent quality, named after a famous swordsmith of the name of Andrea Ferrara, but whether he was a Spaniard or Italian is not determined. Genuine Andrea Ferraras have a crown mark on the blade. FERREOUS, fer'e-us, adj. pertaining to or made of iron. [L. ferreus-ferrum, iron.] FERRÉT, fer'et, n. ribbon woven from spun-silk. [Corr. from Ital, floretto-L. flos, floris, a flower; the ribbon being prob. so called from some floweringwork upon it.] FERRET, fer'et, n. a tame animal of the weasel kind employed in unearthing rabbits. [Fr. furet, a ferret, prob. from L. fur, a thief.] FERRET, fer'et, v.t. to search out carefully and minutely like a ferret: to drive out by patient effort:-pr.p. ferr'eting; pa.p. ferr'eted. FERRIFEROUS, fer-rif'er-us, adj., bearing or yielding iron. [L. ferrum, iron, and fero. to bear.] FERROTYPE, fe'rō-tip, n. in photog. a term applied by Mr. Robert Hunt, the discoverer, to some photographic processes in which the salts of iron are the principal agents: a photograph taken on japanned sheet-iron by a collodion process. [L. ferrum, iron, and Gr. typos, type.] FERROUS, fer'us, adj. pertaining to or obtained from iron: specifically applied in chem. to a compound of which iron forms a constituent, but not to such an extent as it does in ferric compounds. FESTOON FERRUGINOUS, fer-rōō'jin-us, adj. of the color of iron-rust: impregnated with iron. [L. ferrugineus-ferrugo, ironrust-ferrum.] FERRULE, fer'ool, n. a metal ring on a staff, etc., to keep it from splitting: in steam-boilers, a bushing for expanding the end of a flue. [Fr. virole, L. viriola, bracelet-viere, to bind.] a FERRY, fer'i, v.t. to carry or convey over a water in a boat:-pr.p. ferr'ying; pa.p. { ferr'ied.-n. a place where one may be rowed across a water: the right of conveying passengers: the ferryboat. [A.S. ferian, to convey, faran, to go; Ger. fähre, a ferry-fahren, to go, to carry.] FERTILE, fer'til, adj. able to bear or produce abundantly: rich in resources: inventive.-adv. FERTILELY. [Fr.-L. fer, tilis-fero, to bear.] FERTILITY, fer-til'i-ti, n. fruitfulness: richness abundance. FERTILIZE, fer'til-iz, v.t. to make fertile or fruitful: to enrich. FERTILIZER, fer'til-iz-er, n. he who or that which fertilizes specifically, a manure, whether organic or inorganic; as, guano is a powerful fertilizer. FERULE, fer'ōōl, n. a rod used for striking children in punishment. [L. ferula, a cane-ferio, to strike.] FERVENCY, fer'ven-si, n. state of being fervent: heat of mind: eagerness: warmth of devotion. FERVENT, fer'vent, adj. ardent: zealous: warm in feeling.-adv. FER'VENTLY. [L. ferveo, to boil, akin to Gr. therō, to heat, E. and Ger. warm, Sans. gharma, heat.] FERVID, fervid, adj. very hot having burning desire or emotion: zealous.adv. FER'VIDLY. -n. FER'VIDNESS. [L. fervidus.] FERVOR, fer'vur, n. heat: heat of mind: zeal. FESCENNINE, fes'sen-nin, adj. pertaining to Fescennium in Italy: licentious.FESCENNINE VERSES, gay, licentious, or scurrilous verses of a personal character, extemporized by performers at merrymeetings, to amuse the audience, originating at Fescennium. FESCENNINE, fes'sen-nin, n. a song of a rude or licentious character prevalent in ancient Italy. FESCUE, fes'kū, n. a straw, wire, pin, or the like, used to point out letters to children when learning to read: fescuegrass. [O.E. festue, from O. Fr. festu (Fr. fétu), a straw; L. festuca, a shoot or stalk of a tree, a rod.] FESCUE-GRASS, fes'kū-gras, n. the species of Festuca, a genus of grasses. [See FESTUCA.] FESELS, fes'elz, n. a kind of kidney-bean or French bean. Disdain not fesels or poor vetch to sow, Or care to make Egyptian lentils thrive. -May, Virgil. [O.E. fasels, Fr. faséoles, L. phaselus, Gr. phaselos, a sort of kidney-bean.] FESTAL, fes'tal, adj. pertaining to a feast or holiday: joyous: gay.-adv. FES'TALLY. FESTER, fes'ter, v.i. to corrupt or rankle: to suppurate: to become malignant. -v.t. to cause to fester.-n. a wound discharging corrupt matter. [Ety. un known.] FESTIVAL, fes'ti-val, n. a joyful celebration a feast. FESTIVE, fes'tiv, adj. festal: mirthful.adv. FES'TIVELY. [L. festivus-festus.] FESTIVITY, fes-tiva-ti, n. social mirth at a feast joyfulness: gaiety. FESTOON, fes-tōōn',n. a garland suspended between two points: (arch.) an ornament like a wreath of flowers, etc. v.t. to |