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1

A DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

A

A, the indefinite article, a broken-down form of AN, and used before words beginning with the sound of a consonant. [See AN.]

A, used at one time before participles, as in 66 She lay a dying." It is now admitted only colloquially. ABACK, a-bak', adv. (naut.) said of sails pressed backward against the mast by the wind-hence, TAKEN ABACK, taken by surprise.

ABACUS, ab'a-kus, n. a counting-frame or table: (arch.) a level tablet on the capital of a column.

ABAFT, a-baft', adv. or prep., on the aft or hind part of a ship: behind. ABANDON, a-ban'dun, v.t. to give up to desert to yield (one's self) without restraint.

ABANDONED, a-ban'dund, adj. given up, as to a vice: very wicked.-n. ABANDONMENT, a-ban'dun-ment, act of abandoning state of being given up. ABASE, a-bas', v.t. to cast down: to hum

ble to degrade.-n. ABASEMENT, a-bās'ment, state of humiliation. ABASH, a-bash', v.t. to confuse with shame or guilt.-n. ABASHMENT, a-bash'ment, confusion from shame.

ABATE, a-bat', v.t. to lessen : to mitigate. -v.i. to grow less.

ABATEMENT, a-bat'ment, n. the act of abating the sum or quantity abated: (her.) a mark of dishonor on a coat-of

arms.

ABATIS, ABATTIS, a'bat-is, n. (fort.) a rampart of trees felled and laid side by side, with the branches towards the enemy. ABATTOIR, a-bat-wär', n. a slaughterhouse.

ABAXIAL, ab-akʼsi-al, adj. not in the axis; specifically, in botany, applied to the embryo when out of the axis of the seed. Also ABAXILE.

ABBA, ab'a, n. in Chaldee and Syriac, a father.

ABBACY, ab'a-si, n. the office of an abbot.

ABBATIAL, ab-bā'shal, ABBATICAL, ab bat'ik-al, adj. pertaining to an abbey. ABBESS, ab'es, n. the superior of a religious community of women. [Fem. of Аввот.]

ABBEY, ab'e, n. a monastery of persons

of either sex presided over by an abbot or abbess the church attached to it :pl. ABB'EYS. [Fr. abbaye-L. abbatiaABBA.]

ABBOT, ab'ut, n, the father or head of an abbey. fem. ABB'ESS. [L. abbas, abbatis-ABBA.]

ABBREVIATE, ab-bre'vi-at, v.t. to make brief or short: to abridge. [L. abbrevio, -atum-ab, intensive, and brevis, short. See BRIEF.]

ABBREVIATION, ab-brē-vi-a'shun, n. a shortening: a part of a word put for the whole. ABBREVIATOR, ab-bre'vi-at-ur, n. one who abbreviates.

A-ABOMINATE.

ABDICATE, ab'di-kāt, v.t. to renounce or give up (a high office).-n. ABDICA'TION. [L. ab, from or off, dico, -atum, to proclaim.]

ABDOMEN, ab-do'men, n. the lower part of the belly. [L.]

ABDOMINAL, ab-dom'in-al, adj. pertaining to the abdomen. ABDUCTION, ab-duk'shun, n. the carrying away, esp. of a person by fraud or force. [L. ab, from, duco, ductum, to draw.]

ABDUCTOR, ab-dukt'ur, n. one guilty of abduction: a muscle that draws away. ABEAM, a-bēm', adv. (naut.) on the beam, or in a line at right angles to a vessel's length. [Pfx. a (A.S. on, on), on, and BEAM.]

ABECEDARY, a-be-se'da-ri, n. a first principle or element: rudiment. "Such rudiments or abecedaries."-Fuller. ABED, a-bed', adv. in bed. [Prefix a, on, and BED.]

ABERRANT, ab-erant, adj., wandering from the right or straight path. [L. ab, from, erro, to wander.]

ABERRATION, ab-er-a 'shun, n. a wandering from the right path: deviation from truth or rectitude.

ABET, a-bet', v.t. to incite by encouragement or aid (used chiefly in a bad sense): -pr.p. abett'ing; pa.p. abett'ed.-n. ABETMENT, a-bet'ment. n. ABETTOR, a-bet'ur. [O. Fr. abeter-à (—L. ad, to), and beter, to bait, from root of BAIT.] ABEYANCE, a-ba'ans, n. a state of suspension or expectation. [Fr.—à (L. ad, to), and bayer, to gape in expectation, from imitative root ba, to gape.] ABHOR, ab-hor', v.t. to shrink from with horror: to detest: to loathe :-pr.p. abhorr'ing; pa.p. abhorred'. [L. See HORROR.] ABHORRENCE, ab-horens, n. extreme hatred.

ABHORRENT, ab-hor'ent, adj. detesting: repugnant.

ABHORRING, ab-hor'ing, n. (B.) object of great hatred.

ABIDE, a-bid', v.t. to bide or wait for: to endure to tolerate.-v.i. to remain in a place, dwell, or stay:-pa.t. and pa.p. abode'.-adj. ABIDING, continual. A.S. abidan-pfx. a Goth. us-Ger. er, and bidan, to wait.]

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ABIGAIL, ab'i-gal, n. a lady's maid. [From Abigail, 1 Sam. xxv.] ABILITY, a-bil'i-ti, n. quality of being able power: strength: skill: ABILITIES, the powers of the mind. [M. E. hability, Fr. habileté-L. habilitas habilis, easily handled, fit, apt, able, from habeo, to have, hold. See ABLE.]

ABIOGENESIST, a-bi'o-jen-e-sist, n. a believer in abiogenesis, a theory based on spontaneous generation as opposed to sexual generation; or, more explicitly, the production of life or living beings under certain physical conditions without the intervention of antecedent living forms. Also ABIOGENIST. ABIOGENY, same as ABIOGENESIS. ABIOGENETIC, adj.

of, pertaining to, or produced by, abiogenesis.

ABIRRITATE, ab-irri-tāt, v.t. in medicine, to deaden, as the vital phenomena of the tissues to debilitate. ABIRRITATIVE, ab-ir'ri-tat-iv, adj. tending to abirritate. ABJECT, ab'jekt, adj. cast away: mean: worthless. adv. AB'JECTLY. [L. abjectus-cast away-ab, away, jacio, to throw.]

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ABJECTION, ab-jek'shun, ABJECTNESS, ab'jekt-nes, n., a mean or low state; baseness.

ABJURE, ab-jōōr', v.t. to renounce on oath or solemnly.-n. ABJURATION, abjoor-a'shun. [L. ab, from, juro, -atum, to swear.

ABLACTATION, ab-lak-ta'shun, n. a weaning. [L. ab, from lacto, to suckle-lac, lactis, milk.j

ABLATIVE, ab'lat-iv, adj. used as a n. The name of the sixth case of a Latin noun. [L. ablat vus — ab, from, fero, latum, to take; as if it indicated taking away, or privation.]

ABLAZE, a-blaz, adv., in a blaze: on fire. ABLE, a'bl, adj. (comp. A'BLER; superl.

A'BLEST), having sufficient strength, power, or means to do a thing: skillful. -adv. A'BLY. [See ABILITY.] ABLEGATE, ab'leg-āt, n. in the Roman Catholic Church a special commissioner charged with conveying his insignia of office to a newly appointed cardinal. ABLUTION, ab-loo'shun, n. act of washing, esp. the body, preparatory to religious rites. [L. ablutio-ab, away, luo= lavo, to wash.f

ABNEGATE, ab'ne-gat, v.t., to deny. [L. ab, away, and nego, to deny. See NE

GATION.

ABNEGATION, ab-ne-ga'shun, n. denial: renunciation.

ABNORMAL, ab-nor'mal, adj., not normal or according to rule: irregular.-n. ABNOR'MITY. [L. ab, away from, NORMAL.] ABOARD, a-bōrd', adv. or prep., on board: in a ship. [Pfx. a, on, and BOARD.] Used also of things on shore, as aboard a railway train, etc. [Amer.] ABODE, a-bōd', n. a dwelling-place: stay. [ABIDE.]

ABODE, a-bod', pa.t. and pa.p. of ABIDE. ABOLISH, ab-ol'ish, v.t. to put an end to: to annul. [Fr. abolir-L. aboleo, -itum —ab, from, olo, olesco, to grow-ab here reverses the meaning of the simple verb.]

ABOLITION, ab-ol-ish'un, n. the act of abolishing.

ABOLITIONIST, ab-ol-ish'un-ist, n. one who seeks to abolish anything, esp. slavery.

ABOLITIONIZE, ab-ol-ish'un-iz, v.t. to imbue with the doctrines or principles of an abolitionist. ABOMINABLE, ab-om'in-a-bl, adj. hateful, detestable.-adv. ABOM'INABLY.-—n. ABOM'INABLENESS. [See ABOMINATE.] ABOMINATE, ab-om'in-āt, v.t. to abhor: to detest extremely. [L. abominor, -atus-to turn from as of bad omen. See OMEN.]

ABOMINATION

ABOMINATION, ab-om-in-a'shun, n. extreme aversion: anything abominable. ABORIGINAL, ab-o-rij'in-al, adj. first, primitive.

ABORIGINES, ab-o-rij'in-ez, n.pl. the original inhabitants of a country. See ORIGIN.]

[L. ABORT, ab-ort', v.i. to miscarry in birth. [L. aborior, abortus-ab, orior, to riseab here reverses the meaning.] ABORTICIDE, a-bort'i-sid, n. in obstetrics, the destruction of a monstrous fetus in utero.

ABORTION, ab-or'shun, n. premature delivery anything that does not reach maturity.

ABORTIVE, ab-ort'iv, adj. born untimely : unsuccessful producing nothing: rendering abortive. (Obs.)-adv. ABORT'IVELY.-N. ABORT'IVENESS. ABOUND, ab-ownd', v.i. to overflow, be

:

in great plenty: (with in) to possess in plenty. [L. abundo, to overflow as a river, from unda, a wave.] ABOUT, a-bowt', prep. round on the out side around: here and there in: near to: concerning: engaged in. - adv. around: nearly here and there. BRING ABOUT, to cause to take place.COME ABOUT, to take place.-GO ABOUT, to prepare to do. [A.S. abutan-a, on, be, by, utan, outside.] ABOVE, a-buv', prep., on the up side: higher than more than.-adv. overhead in a higher position, order, or power.-ABOVE ONE'S BEND, out of one's power: beyond reach. (Amer.) [A.S. abufan-a, ou, be, by, ufan, high, upwards, which is an adv. formed from uf -up.]

ABOVE-BOARD, a-buv'-bōrd, adj. above the board or table: open.

ABRADE, ab-rād', v.t., to scrape or rub off. [L. ab, off, rado, rasum, to scrape.] ABRASION, ab-rā'zhun, n. the act of rubbing off.

ABREAST, a-brest', adv. with the breasts in a line side by side: (naut.) opposite to. [a, on, and BREAST.] ABRIDGE, a-brij', v.t. to make brief or short to shorten: to epitomize. [Fr. abréger-L. abbreviare. See ABBREVI

ATE.

ABRIDGMENT, a-brij'ment, n. contraction: summary.

ABROAD, a-brawd', adv. on the broad or open space: out of doors: in another country.

ABROGATE, ab'ro-gāt, v.t. to repeal (a law). [L. ab, away, rogo, -atum, to ask; because when a law was proposed the people were "asked" (to sanction or reject it).]

ABROGATION, ab'ro-ga'shun, n. act of repealing.

ABROGATIVE, ab-ro'ga-tiv, adj. tending to abrogate capable of abrogating or annulling.

ABRUPT, ab-rupt', adj. the opposite of gradual, as if broken off: sudden : unexpected.-n. an abrupt place.-adv. ABRUPTLY.-n. ABRUPT'NESS. [L. abruptus-ab, off, rumpo, ruptum, to break.] ABSCESS, ab'ses, n. a collection of purulent matter within some tissue of the body. [L. abscessus-abs, away, cedo, cessum, to go, to retreat.] ABSCOND, abs-kond', v.i. (lit.) to hide one's self to quit the country in order to escape a legal process. [L. abs, from or away, condo, to hide.] ABSENCE, abs'ens, n. the being away or not present: want: inattention. ABSENT, abs'ent, adj., being away: not present inattentive. [L. abs, away from, ens, entis, being-sum, esse, to be. See ENTITY.]

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ABSENT, abs-ent', v.t. to keep one's self away.

ABSENTEE, abs-ent-e', n. one who lives away from his estate or his office. ABSENTEEISM, abs-ent-e'izm, n. the practice of a land-owner living at a distance from his estate.

ABSEY-BOOK, ab-se-book, n. (that is, an abc book) a primer, which sometimes included a catechism. "And then comes answer like an absey-book."-Shak. ABSINTH, ab'sinth, n. spirit flavored with wormwood. [Fr.-L. absinthium, wormwood-Gr.]

ABSINTHIC, ab-sin'thic, adj. of or pertaining to absinthium or wormwood, or to an acid obtained from it. ABSOLUTE, ab'sol-ut, adj. free from limits or conditions: complete: unlimited free from mixture: considered without reference to other things: unconditioned, unalterable unrestricted by constitutional checks (said of a government): (gram.) not immediately dependent.-adv. AB'SOLUTELY.-n. AB'SOL UTENESS. [L. absolutus, pa.p. of absolvo. See ABSOLVE.] ABSOLUTION, ab-sol-u'shun, n. release from punishment: acquittal: remission of sins by a priest. ABSOLUTISM, ab'sol-ut-izm, n. a government where the ruler is without restriction.

ABSOLUTIST, ab'sōl-üt-ist, adj. of or pertaining to absolutism: despotic. All these things were odious to the old governing classes of France; their spirit was absolutist, ecclesiastical, and military."John Morley.

ABSOLVE, ab-zolv', v.t., to loose or set free: to pardon: to acquit; also, to finish: accomplish. (Obs.) [L. ab, from, solvo, solutum, to loose. See SOLVE.] ABSORB, ab-sorb', v.t., to suck in: to

swallow up to engage wholly. [L. ab, from, sorbeo, sorptum, to suck in.] ABSORBABLE, ab-sorb'a-bl, adj. that may be absorbed.-n. ABSORBABILITY. ABSORBENT, ab-sorb'ent, adj. imbibing: swallowing.-n. that which absorbs. ABSORPTION, ab-sorp'shun, n. the act of absorbing entire occupation of mind. ABSORPTIVE, ab-sorpt'iv, adj. having power to absorb.

ABSQUATULATE, ab-squat'u-lāt, v.i. to run away, especially in disgrace, as from debt. (Amer.)

ABSTAIN, abs-tan', v.i. to hold or refrain from: also, v.t. to hinder to obstruct: to debar: to cause to keep away from. "Abstain men from marrying."--Milton. [Fr. abstenir-L. abs, from, teneo, to hold. See TENABLE.] ABSTEMIOUS, abs-tēm'i-us, adj. temperate: sparing in food, drink, or enjoyments.-adv. ABSTEM'IOUSLY.-n. ABSTEM'IOUSNESS. [L. abstemius—abs, from, temetum, strong wine.] ABSTENTION, abs-ten'shun, n. a refraining.

ABSTERGENT, abs-terj'ent, adj. serving to cleanse.

ABSTERSION, abs-ter'shun, n. act of cleansing by lotions. [L. abstergeo, -tersum, to wipe away.] ABSTINENCE, abs'tin-ens, n. an abstaining or refraining, especially from some indulgence.

ABSTINENT, abs'tin-ent, adj. abstaining from: temperate. [See ABSTAIN.] ABSTRACT, abs-trakt, v.t., to draw away: to separate to purloin. [L. abs, away from, traho, tractum, to draw. See TRACE.]

ABSTRACT, abs'trakt, adj. general, as opposed to particular or individual: the opposite of abstract is concrete: a red

ACCAD

color is an abstract notion, a red rose is a concrete notion: an abstract noun is the name of a quality apart from the thing, as redness.-n. summary: abridgment: essence.-adv. ABSTRACTLY.-n. ABSTRACTNESS. [L. abstractus, as if a quality common to a number of things were drawn away from the things and considered by itself.]

ABS

ABSTRACTED, abs-trakt'ed, adj. absent in mind.-adv. ABSTRACT EDLY.—n. TRACT'EDNESS. ABSTRACTION, abs-trak'shun, n. act of abstracting: state of being abstracted. absence of mind: the operation of the mind by which certain qualities or attributes of an object are considered apart from the rest: a purloining. ABSTRUSE, abs-trōōs', adj. hidden: remote from apprehension: difficult to be understood.-adv. ABSTRUSEʼLY.-N. ABSTRUSE'NESS. [L. abstrusus, thrust away (from observation)-trudo, trusum, to thrust.]

ABSURD, ab-surd', adj. obviously unreasonable or false.-adv. ABSURD'LY. [L. absurdus-ab, from, surdus, harsh-sounding, deaf.]

ABSURDITY, ab-surd'i-ti, ABSURDNESS, ab-surd'nes, n., the quality of being ab surd anything absurd. ABUNDANCE, ab-und'ans, n. ample sufficiency: great plenty. [See ABOUND.] ABUNDANT, ab-und'ant, adj. plentiful.— adv. ABUND'ANTLY.

ABUSE, ab-üz', v.t. to use wrongly: to pervert to revile: to violate. [L. ab, away (from what is right), utor, usus, to use.]

ABUSE, ab-ūs', n. ill use: misapplication : reproach.

ABUSIVE, ab-ūs'iv, adj., containing or practicing abuse.-adv. ABUS'IVELY.-n. ABUS'IVENESS.

ABUT, a-but', v.i. to end: to border (on): -pr.p. abutt'ing; pa.p. abutt'ed. [Fr. aboutir, from bout, the end of anything. See BUTT, the end.]

ABUTMENT, a-but'ment, n. that which abuts (arch.) what a limb of an arch ends or rests on.

ABYSM, a-bizm', n. a form of ABYSS. [0. Fr. abysme, from Lat. abyssimus, super. of abyssus, bottomless.] ABYSMAL, a-bizm'al, adj. bottomless : unending.

ABYSS, a-bis', n. a bottomless gulf: a deep mass of water. [Gr. abyssos, bottomless -a, without, byssos, bottom.] ACACIA, a-kä'shi-a, n. a genus of thorny leguminous plants with pinnate leaves. [L.-Gr. akakia—ake, a short point.] ACADEMIC, ak-a-dem'ik, n. a Platonic philosopher: a student in a college. ACADEMICISM, ak-a-dem'i-sizm, n. the system or mode of teaching at an academy: an academical mannerism, as of painting. ACADEMICS, ak-a-dem'iks, n. the Platonic philosophy : Platonism. [See ACADEMY.]

ACADEMIC, -AL, ak-a-dem'ik-al, adj. of an academy.-adv. ACADEMICALLY. ACADEMICIAN, ak-ad-em-ish'yan, member of an academy.

n.

ACADEMY, ak-ad'em-i, n. (orig.) the school of Plato: a higher school: a so ciety for the promotion of science or art [Gr. Akadēmia, the name of the garden near Athens where Plato taught.] ACANTHUS, a-kan'thus, n. a prickly plant, called bear's breech or brankursine (arch.) an ornament resembling its leaves used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders. [L.-Gr. akanthos-ake, a point, anthos, a flower -the prickly plant.]

ACCAD, ak'ad, n. 1, a member of one of the

ACCADIAN

primitive races of Babylonia: one of the dominant race at the time to which the earliest contemporaneous records reach back. This race is believed to have belonged to the Turanian family, or to have been at any rate non-Semitic. Also written AKKAD. "The Accadi, or Accads, were the 'Highlanders' who had descended from the mountainous region of Elam on the east, and it was to them that the Assyrians ascribed the origin of Chaldean civilization and writing.”—A. H. Sayce. 2, the language of this race: Accadian.

ACCADIAN, ak-kā'di-an, adj. belonging to the Accads or primitive inhabitants of Babylonia. Also written AKKADIAN. ACCADIAN, ak-ka'di-an, n. 1, an Accad: 2, the language of the Accads, a nonSemitic and probably Turanian speech spoken in ancient Babylonia previously to the later and better known Semitic dialect of the cuneiform inscriptions. A kindred dialect, the Sumarian, seems to have been in use at the same time in Babylonia.

ACCEDE, ak-sēd', v.i. to agree or assent.

[L. accedo, accessum, to go near to-ad, to, cedo, to go. See CEDE.]

ACCELERATE, ak-sel'er-āt, v.t. to increase the speed of: to hasten the progress of. [L. accelero, -atum-ad, to, celer, swift. See CELERITY.]

ACCELERATION, ak-sel-er-a'shun, n. the act of hastening: increase of speed. ACCELERATIVE, ak-sel'er-at-iv, adj. quickening.

ACCENT, ak'sent, n. modulation of the voice stress on a syllable or word: a mark used to direct this stress: in poetry, language, words, or expressions in general. [L. accentus, a tone or note -ad, to, cano, to sing.]

ACCENT, ak-sent', v.t. to express or note the accent.

ACCENTUAL, ak-sent'ū-al, adj. relating to accent.

ACCENTUATE, ak-sent'u-at, v.t. to mark or pronounce with accent: to make prominent to lay stress upon to emphasize: to give prominence to: to mark as of importance; as, he accentuated the views of the party on this question.— ACCENTUATION, ak-sent-u-a'shun, n. the act of placing or of pronouncing accents. ACCEPT, ak-sept', v.t. to receive: to agree to: to promise to pay: (B.) to receive with favor. [L. accipio, acceptum-ad, to, capio, to take.]

ACCEPTABLE, ak-sept'a-bl, adj., to be accepted: pleasing: agreeable. adv. ACCEPT'ABLY. ACCEPTABLENESS, ak-sept'a-bl-nes, ACCEPTABILITY, ak-sept-a-bil'i-ti, n., quality of being acceptable. ACCEPTANCE, ak-sept'ans, n. a favorable reception: an agreeing to terms: an accepted bill.

ACCEPTATION, ak-sept-a'shun, n. a kind reception: the meaning of a word. ACCEPTER, ak-sept'er, ACCEPTOR, aksept'ur, n. one who accepts. ACCESS, ak-ses', or ak'ses, n. liberty to come to, approach: increase. [See Ac

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ACCIDENCE, ak'sid-ens, n. the part of grammar treating of the inflections of words (because these changes are "accidentals" of words and not "essentials"). ACCIDENT, ak'sid-ent, n. that which happens: an unforeseen or unexpected event: chance: an unessential quality or property. [L. accido, to fall to, to happenad, to, cado, to fall.] ACCIDENTAL, ak-sid-ent'al, adj. happening by chance: not essential.-n. anything not essential.-adv.ACCIDENTALLY. ACCIPITRAL, ak-sip'i-tral, adj. of or per taining to the Accipitres or birds of prey: having the character of a bird of prey. "Of temper most accipitral, hawkish, aquiline, not to say vulturish."-Carlyle. ACCLAIM, ak-klām', ACCLAMATION, akklam-a'shun, n. a shout of applause. [L. acclamo-ad, to, clamo, -atum, to shout. See CLAIM.]

ACCLAMATOR, ak-kla-mā'ter, n. one who expresses joy or applause by acclamation. "Acclamators who had filled. . . the air with 'Vive le Roy.'""-Evelyn. ACCLAMATORY, ak-klam'a-tor-i, adj. expressing acclamation. ACCLIMATE ak-klim'āt, ACCLIMATIZE, ak-klim'at-iz, v.t. to inure to a foreign climate. [Fr. acclimater, from à and climat. See CLIMATE.] ACCLIMATION, ak-klim-a'shun, ACCLIMATATION, ak-klim-at-a'shun, ACCLIMATIZATION, ak-klim-at-i-za'shun, n. the act of acclimatizing: the state of being acclimatized. The first form of the word is anomalous, the second is that used in French, and the third is that most in use in English.]

ACCLIVITY, ak-kliv'i-ti, n. a slope upwards, opp. to DECLIVITY, a slope downwards. L. ad, to, clivus, a slope, from root of clino, to slope.] ACCOLADE, ak-ol-ad, n. blow over the neck or shoulder with a sword, given in conferring knighthood. [Fr.-L. ad, to, collum, neck.]

ACCOMMODATE, ak-kom'mod-āt, v.t. to adapt to make suitable: to supply: to adjust. [L. ad, to, commodus, fitting. See COMMODIOUS.] ACCOMMODATING, ak-kom'mod-at-ing, p.adj. affording accommodation: obliging. ACCOMMODATION, ak-kom-mod-a'shun, n. convenience: fitness: adjustment: a loan of money. ACCOMMODATIVE, ak-kom'mod-at-iv, adj. furnishing accommodation: obliging. ACCOMPANIMENT,ak-kum'pan-i-ment,n. that which accompanies: instrumental music along with a song. ACCOMPANIST, ak-kum'pan-ist, n. one who accompanies a singer on an instrument.

ACCOMPANY, ak-kum'pan-i, v.t. to keep company with: to attend. [Fr. accompagner. See COMPANY.] ACCOMPLICE, ak-kom'plis, n. an associate, esp. in crime. [L. ad, to, complex, -icis, joined.]

adj.

ACCOMPLISH, ak-kom'plish, v.t. to complete: to effect: to fulfill: to equip. [Fr. accomplir-L. ad, to, compleo, -plere, to fill up. See COMPLETE.] ACCOMPLISHABLE, ak-kom'plish-a-bl, adj. that may be accomplished. ACCOMPLISHED, ak-kom'plisht, complete in acquirements: especially graceful acquirements: polished. ACCOMPLISHMENT, ak-kom'plish-ment, n. completion: ornamental acquirement. ACCORD, ak-kord', v.i. to agree: to be in correspondence.-v.t. to grant. [Fr. accorder-L. ad, to, cor, cordis, the heart.] ACCORD, ak-kord', n. agreement: harmony: (with own) spontaneous motion.

ACCUMULATOR

ACCORDANCE, ak-kord'ans, n. agree ment conformity. ACCORDANT, ak-kord'ant, adj. agreeing: corresponding.

ACCORDING, ak-kord'ing, p.adj. in accordance agreeing.-ACCORDING AS, an adverbial phrase in proportion.-AcCORDING TO, a prepositional phrase in accordance with or agreeably to. ACCORDINGLY, ak-kord'ing-li, adv. in agreement (with what precedes). ACCORDION, ak-kord'ion, n. a small keyed musical instrument with bellows. [From ACCORD.]

ACCOST, ak-kost', v.t. to speak first to: to address. [Fr. accoster-L. ad, to, costa, a side.] ACCOSTABLE, ak-kost'a-bl, adj. easy of access: affable. ACCOUCHEMENT, ak-kōōch'mong, n. delivery in child-bed. [Fr. à, and couche, a bed. See COUCH.] ACCOUCHEUR, ak-kōō-sher', n. a man who assists women in childbirth.-fem. ACCOUCHEUSE, ak-kōō-shez'. [Fr.] ACCOUNT, ak-kownt', v.t. to reckon: to judge, value.-v.i. (with for) to give a reason. [O. Fr. accomter-L. ad, to, computare, to reckon. See COMPUTE, COUNT.]

ACCOUNT, ak-kownt', n. a counting: statement: value: sake.

ACCOUNTABLE, ak-kownt'a-bl, adj. liable to account: responsible.-adv. AcCOUNT'ABLY.

ACCOUNTABLENESS, ak-kownt'a-bl-nes, ACCOUNTABILITY, ak-kownt-a-bil'i-ti, n. liability to give account. ACCOUNTANT, ak-kownt'ant, n. one who keeps or is skilled in accounts. ACCOUNTANTSHIP, ak-kownt'ant-ship, n. the employment of an accountant. ACCOUTRE, ak-kōō'ter, v.t. to dress or equip (esp. a warrior):-pr.p. accou'tring; pa.p. accou'tred. [Fr. accoutrer -of doubtful origin.] ACCOUTREMENTS, ak-kōō'ter-ments,n.pl. dress: military equipments. ACCREDIT, ak-kred'it, v.t. to give credit, authority, or honor to. [Fr. accréditer -L. ad, to, credo, -itum, to trust. See CREDIT.

ACCREMENTITIAL,

ak-krē-men-ti'shal, adj. in physiol. of or pertaining to the process of accrementition. ACCREMENTITION, ak-krē-men-ti'shon, n. in physiol. the process of producing or developing a new individual by the growth, extension, and separation of a part of the parent: gemmation. ACCRESCENCE, ak-kres'ens, n. gradual growth or increase.

ACCRESCENT, ak-kres'ent, adj., growing: increasing. [L. ad, in addition, cresco, to grow.]

ACCRETION, ak-krē'shun, n. a growing

to increase.

ACCRUE, ak-krōō', v.i. to spring, come. [Fr. accroître, pa.p. accru-L. ad, to, cresco, to grow.] ACCUMBENT, ak-kumb'ent, adj., lying down or reclining on a couch. [L. ad, to, cumbo, to lie.] ACCUMULATE, ak-kūm'ül-at, v.t., to heap or pile up to amass.-v.i. to increase greatly. [L.-ad, to, cumulus, a heap] ACCUMULATION, ak-kum-ul-a'shun n. a heaping up a heap, mass, or pile. ACCUMULATIVE, ak-kūm'ūl-at-iv, adj. heaping up. ACCUMULATOR, ak-küm'ül-at-ur, n. one

as

who accumulates: in elect. same Condenser. The name is now especially applied to a kind of battery devised by M. Camille Faure, by means of which electric energy can be stored and rendered portable. Each battery forms a

[blocks in formation]

ACCURATE, ak'kūr-āt, adj. done with care: exact.adv. ACCURATELY.-n. -NESS. [L. ad, to, cura, care.] ACCURSED, ak-kurs'ed, adj. subjected to a curse: doomed extremely wicked. [L. ad, and CURSE.] ACCUSABLE, ak-kuz'a-bl, adj. that may be accused.

ACCUSATION, ak-kūz-a'shun, n. the act of accusing the charge brought against any one.

ACCUSATIVE, ak-küz'a-tiv, adj. accusing, -n. (gram.) the case of a noun on which the action of a verb falls (in English, the objective).

ACCUSATORY, ak-küz'a-tor-i, adj. containing accusation.

:

ACCUSE, ak-kuz', v.t. to bring a charge against to blame: to indicate: to evince to show: to manifest. "Amphialus answered . . . with such excusing himself that more and more accused his love to Philoclea."-Sir P. Sidney. [L. accuso-ad, to, causa, cause.] ACCUSER, ak-küz'er, n. one who accuses or brings a charge against another. ACCUSTOM, ak-kus'tum, v.t. to make familiar by custom: to habituate. [Fr. accoutumer. See CUSTOM.] ACCUSTOMED, ak-kus'tumd, p.adj. usual: frequent habituated.

ACE, as, n. the one of cards and dice. [Fr. -L. as, unity-as, Tarentine Doric form of Gr. heis, one.] ACERBITY, as-er'bi-ti, n. bitterness: sourness: harshness: severity. acerbus, harsh to the taste-acer, sharp -root, ak, sharp.]

[L.

ACETATE, as'et-at, n. a salt of acetic acid which is the sour principle in vinegar. ACETIC, as-et'ik, adj., of vinegar: sour. [L. acetum, vinegar-aceo, to be sour.] ACETIFY, as-et'i-fi, v.t. or v.i., to turn into vinegar.-n. ACETIFICATION, as-et-i-fi-ka'shun. [L. acetum, vinegar, and facio, to make.]

ACETOUS, as-e'tus, adj. sour. ACHE, āk, n. a continued pain.-v.i. to be in continued pain :—pr.p. āch'ing: pa.p. ached'. [A.S. ece, ace: M.E. ake.] ACHIEVABLE, a-chev'a-bl, adj. that may be achieved.

ACHIEVE, a-chev', v.t., to bring to a head or end to perform: to accomplish: to gain, win. [Fr. achever-chef, the head. See CHIEF.] ACHIEVEMENT, a-chev'ment, n. a performance: an exploit: an escutcheon. ACHROMATIC, a-krom-at'ik, adj. transmitting light without color, as a lens. [Gr. a, priv., and chrōma, color.] ACHROMATISM, a-krōm'at-izm, n. the state of being achromatic. ACICULAR, as-ik'ū-lar,adj., needle-shaped:

slender and sharp-pointed. [L. acicula, dim. of acus, a needle-root ak, sharp.] ACID, as'id, adj., sharp: sour.-n. a sour substance: (chem.) one of a class of substances, usually sour, which turn vegetapie dyes to red, and combine with alkalies, metallic oxides, etc., to form salts. [L. aceo, to be sour-root ak, sharp.] ACIDIFIABLE, as-id'i-fi-a-bl, adj. capable of being converted into an acid.-n. ACIDIFICATION.

ACIDIFIC, as-id-if'ik, adj. producing acidity or an acid: acidifying. ACIDIFY, as-id'i-fi, v.t., to make acid: to convert into an acid :-pr.p. acid'ifying;

4

pa.p. acid'ified. [L. acidus, sour, and facio, to make.]

ACIDITY, as-id'i-ti, ACIDNESS, as'id-nes, n. the quality of being acid or sour. ACIDULATE, as-id'u-lāt, v.t. to make slightly acid.

ACIDULENT, a-sid'u-lent, adj. being somewhat acid or sour: cross: tart: peevish. "Anxious acidulent face."-Carlyle. ACIDULOUS, as-id'u-lus, adj. slightly sour: subacid containing carbonic acid, as mineral waters. [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus, sour. See ACID.] ACIERAGE, a'sē-er-aj, n. [Fr. acier, steel.] A process by which an engraved copperplate or an electrotype from an engraved plate of steel or copper has a film of iron deposited over its surface by electricity, in order to protect the engraving from wear in printing. By this means an electrotype of a fine engraving which, if printed directly from the copper, would not yield 500 good impressions, can be made to yield 3,000 or more. Whenever

the film of iron becomes so worn as to reveal any part of the copper underneath, it is removed and a fresh coating deposited; and in this way as many as 30,000 good impressions have been printed from the electrotype of a finely-engraved plate.

ACKNOWLEDGE, ak-nol'ej, v.t. to own a knowledge of: to admit to own: to confess. [Pfx. a (—A.S. on, on), and KNOWLEDGE.] ACKNOWLEDGE THE CORN, to acknowledge or confess a charge or imputation. (Amer.) ACKNOWLEDGMENT, ak-nol'ej-ment, n. recognition admission: confession : thanks: a receipt.

ACME, ak’mē, n. the top or highest point: the crisis, as of a disease. [Gr. Ākmē— ake, a point.]

ACNE, ak'nē, n. a small pimple on the face. [Gr.]

ACOLYTE, ak'o-lit, ACOLYTH, ak'o-lith,

n. an inferior church officer. [Gr. akolouthos, an attendant.]

ACONITE, ak'o-nīt, n. the plant wolf'sbane or monk's-hood: poison. [L. aconitum-Gr. akoniton.]

ACORN, a'korn, n. the seed or fruit of the oak.-adj. A'CORNED. [A.S. æcern came to be spelled ac-cern, acorn, from supposing it compounded of oak and kern or corn, seed: acern may be the dim. of ac, oak, as Ger. eichel, is of eiche; but it is more probably derived from acer or aker, a field (see ACRE), and meant primarily "the fruit of the field." (Skeat).] ACOTYLEDON, a-kot-i-lē'dun, n. a plant without distinct cotyledons or seed-lobes. -adj. ACOTYLE'DONOUS. [Gr. a, neg., and kotyledon. See COTYLEDON.] ACOUSTIC, a-kowst'ik, adj. pertaining to the sense of hearing or to the theory of rounds. [Gr. akoustikos-akouō, to hear.J

ACOUSTICS, a-kowst'iks, n. the science of sound.

ACOUSTICALLY, a-kous'tik-al-li,

adv.

in relation to or in a manner adapted to acoustics. Prof. Tyndall. ACQUAINT, ak-kwānt, v.t. to make or let one to know: to inform.-p.adj. AcQUAINT'ED. [O. Fr. accointer, Low L. accognitare-L. ad, to, cognitus, known.] ACQUAINTANCE, ak-kwant'ans, n. familiar knowledge: a person whom we know.-ACQUAINT'ANCESHIP, n. familiar

knowledge.

ACQUIESCE, ak-kwi-es', v.i., to rest satisfied or without making opposition: to assent. [L. acquiesco-ad, and quies, rest.

ACQUIESCENCE, ak-kwi-es'ens, n. quiet

assent or submission.

ACTINISM

ACQUIESCENT, ak-kwi-es'ent, adj. resting satisfied: easy: submissive. ACQUIRABLE, ak-kwir'a-bl, adj. that may be acquired.

ACQUIRE, ak-kwir', v.t. to gain: to attain to. [L. acquiro, -quisitum-ad, to, and quæro, to seek as if, to get to something sought.]

ACQUIREMENT, ak-kwir'ment, n. some thing learned or got by effort, and not a gift of nature. ACQUISITION, ak-kwiz-ish'un, n. the act of acquiring that which is acquired. ACQUISITIVE, ak-kwiz'it-iv, adj. desirous to acquire.-n. ACQUISITIVENESS. ACQUIST, ak-kwist', n. acquisition (Obs.). ACQUIT, ak-kwit', v.t. to free: to release: to declare innocent :-pr.p. acquitt'ing; pa.p. acquitt'ed. [Fr. acquitter-L. ad, quiet-, rest-to give rest from an accusation. See QUIT.]

ACQUITTAL, ak-kwit'al, n. a judicial discharge from an accusation.

ACQUITTANCE, ak-kwit'ans, n. a dis

charge from an obligation or debt: a receipt.

ACRE, a'ker, n. a measure of land containing 4,840 sq. yards. [A.S. acer, Ger. acker, L. ager, Gr. agros, Sans. ajra, a field.]

ACREAGE, a'ker-aj, n. the number of acres in a piece of land.

ACRED, a'kerd, adj. possessing acres or land.

ACRID, akʼrid, adj. biting to the taste: pungent bitter. [L. acer, acris, sharp -root ak, sharp.]

ACRIDITY, a-krid'i-ti, ACRIDNESS, ak'rid-nes, n. quality of being acrid: a sharp, bitter taste.

ACRIMONIOUS, ak-ri-mõn’i-us, adj. sharp, bitter.

ACRIMONY, ak'ri-mun-i, n. bitterness of feeling or language. [L. acrimonia-acer, sharp.] ACROBAT, ak'ro-bat, n. a rope-dancer: a tumbler: a vaulter.-adj. ACROBATIC. [Gr. akrobateō, to walk on tiptoe. Of or pertaining to an acrobat or his performance; as, acrobatic feats: acrobatic entertainments: akron, the top, and bainō, to go.]

ACROGEN, ak'ro-jen, n. a plant that grows at the top chiefly, as a tree-fern.-adj. ACROG'ENOUS. [Gr. akron, extremity, top, gen-, to generate.] ACROPOLIS, a-kro'pol-is, n. a citadel, esp. that of Athens. [Gr. akropolis-akros, the highest, polis, a city.]

ACROSS, a-kros', prep. or adv., cross-wise: from side to side. [Pfx. a (—A.S. on, on), and CROSS.]

ACROSTIC, a-kro'stik, n. a poem of which, if the first or the last letter of each line be taken in succession, they will spell a name or a sentence. [Gr. akros, extreme, and stichos, a line.] ACROTISM, ak'rō-tizm, n. in med. an absence or weakness of the pulse. [Gr. a, priv., and krotōs, a beating.] ACT, akt, v.i. to exert force or influence : to produce an effect: to behave one's self.-v.t. to perform: to imitate or play the part of. n. something done or doing: an exploit: a law: a part of a play. [L. ago, actum, Gr. agō, to put in mo tion, Sans. aj, to drive.]

ACTABLE, akt'a-bl, adj. capable of being acted or performed: practically possible. "Is naked truth actable in true life? -Tennyson.

ACTING, akt'ing, n. action: act of performing an assumed or a dramatic part. ACTINISM, ak'tin-izm, n. the chemical force of the sun's rays, as distinct from light and heat. [Gr. aktis, aktinos, a ray.]

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