GRIDELIN GRIDELIN, grid'e-lin, n. a color mixed | of white and red, or a gray violet. [Fr. gris de lin, flax gray.] The ladies dress'd in rich symars were seen, Of Florence satten, flower'd with white and green, And for a shade betwixt the bloomy gridelin, -Dryden. GRIDIRON, grid'i-urn, n. a frame of iron bars for broiling flesh or fish over the fire. [M. E. gredire, a griddle, and from the same Celtic root as griddle; but the termin. -ire became identified with M. E. ire, iron.] GRIEF, gref, n., heaviness of heart: sorrow: regret: mourning: cause of sorrow: affliction: (B.) bodily as well as mental pain. [Fr. grief-grever, to burden-L. gravo, to grieve-gravis, heavy.] GRIEVANCE, grev'ans, n. cause of grief: burden: hardship: injury: grief. GRIEVE, grev, v.t. to cause grief or pain of mind to: to make sorrowful: to vex: (B.) also, to inflict bodily pain.-v.i. to feel grief: to mourn. GRIEVOUS, grēv'us, adj. causing or full of grief: burdensome: painful: heinous : atrocious hurtful.-n. GRIEVOUSNESS. GRIEVOUSLY, grev'us-li, adv. in a griev ous manner: (B.) severely. GRIFFIN, griffin, GRIFFON, grif'un, n. an imaginary animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the crooked beak and wings of an eagle. [Fr. griffon-L. and Gr. gryps-Gr. grypos, hook-nosed.] GRIG, grig, n. a small lively eel, the sandeel. Prov. E. grig, a cricket: from its wriggling motion.] GRILL, gril, v.t. to broil on a gridiron : to torment. [Fr. griller-gril, a gridiron L. craticulă, dim. of crates, a grate.] GRILLAGE, gril'āj, n. in engin. a framework composed of heavy beams laid longitudinally,and crossed at right angles by similar beams notched upon them, used to sustain foundations and prevent their irregular settling in soils of unequal compressibility. The grillage is firmly bedded, and the earth packed into the interstices between the beams; a flooring of thick planks, termed a platform, is then laid on it, and on this the foundation courses rest. [Fr., from grille, a grate, a railing.] GRILLE, gril, n. a lattice or open work or grating a piece of grated work as (a) a metal screen to inclose or protect any particular spot, locality, shrine, tomb, or sacred ornament; (b) a gate of metal inclosing or protecting the entrance of a religious house or sacred building; (c) a small screen of iron bars inserted in the door of a monastic or conventual building, in order to allow the inmates to converse with visitors, or to answer inquiries without opening the door; the wicket of a monastery. [Fr. See GRILL, to broil.] GRILSE, grils, n. a young salmon on its first return from salt water. [Sw. graalar, a gray salmon.] GRIM, grim, adj. of forbidding aspect: ferocious: ghastly: sullen.-adv. GRIM'LY.-n. GRIM'NESS. [A.S. grim; Ger. grimmig― grimm, fury, Dut. grimmig, Ice. grimmr.], GRIM, grim, v.t. to make grim: to give a forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect to. "To withdraw. . . into lurid half light, grimmed by the shadow of that red flag of theirs."-Carlyle. GRIMACE, gri-mas', n. a distortion of the face, in jest, etc.: a smirk. [Fr., of uncertain orig., perh. from root of Ice. and A.S. grima, a mask or phantom.] GRIMACED gri-masd', adj. with a grimace: distorted. GRIMALKIN, gri-mal'kin, n. an old cat. [GRAY, and malkin, a dirty drab, a hare, a dim. of Moll or Mary.] 206 GRIME, grim, n. ingrained dirt.-v.t. to soil deeply. [From a Teut. root found in Dan. grim, soot, Fris. grime, a dark spot on the face.] GRIMY, grim'i, adj. full of grime: foul. GRIN, grin, v.i. to set the teeth together and withdraw the lips.-v.t. to express by grinning:-pr.p. grinn'ing; pa.p. grinned'.-n. act of grinning. [A.S. grennian; Ice. grenja, Ger. greinen, Dut. grijnen, to grumble, Scand. girn; allied to Ě. groan, Fr. grogner.] GRIND, grind, v.t. to reduce to powder by friction to wear down or sharpen by rubbing to rub together: to oppress or harass.-v.i. to be moved or rubbed together pr.p. grind'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. ground. A.S. grindan.] GRINDER, grind'er, n. he or that which grinds: a double or jaw tooth that grinds food. GRINDSTONE, grind'stōn, n. a circular revolving stone for grinding or sharpening tools. GRIP, grip, GRIPE, grip, n., grasp or firm hold with the hand, etc.: oppression: pinching distress-pl. GRIPES, severe pains in the bowels.-[See GRIPE, v.] GRIPE, grip, v.t. to grasp with the hand: to seize and hold fast: to squeeze: to give pain to the bowels.-GRIPING, part. adj. avaricious of a pain that catches or seizes acutely. [A.S. gripan; Ice. gripa, Ger. greifen, Dut. grijpen: allied to GRAB.] GRIPPE, grip, n. a French term applied to various epidemic forms of catarrh. GRISETTE, gri-zet', n. a gay young Frenchwoman of the lower class. [Fr. grisette, a gray gown, which used to be worn by that class-gris, gray.] GRISLED, griz'ld. Same as GRIZZLED. GRISLY, griz'li, adj. frightful: hideous. [A.S. gryslic, agrisan, to dread; Ger. grässlich, grieseln, to shudder.] GRIST, grist, n. grain for grinding at one time: supply: profit. [A.S. grist, gerst, a grinding; from root of GRIND.] GRISTLE, gris'l, n. a soft, elastic substance in animal bodies, also called cartilage. [A.S. gristel; a dim. of grist and grind, because one must crunch it in eating.] GRISTLY, gris'li, adj. consisting of or like gristle.-n. GRIST'LINESS. GŘIT, grit, n. the coarse part of meal: gravel: a kind of hard sandstone :-pl. oats coarsely ground, groats. [A.S. greot, grytt; Dut. grut, groats, Ger. gries, gravel, akin to groat, grout.] GRITTY, grit'i, adj. consisting of or having grits or hard particles.-n. GRITT INESS. GRIZZLE, grizl, n. a gray color. [Fr. gris, gray-O. Ger. gris, gray, Ger. greis.] GRIZZLE, grizl, v.i. to grow gray or grizzly: to become gray-haired. Emerson. GRIZZLED, griz'ld, adj., gray, or mixed with gray. GRIZZLY, griz′li, adj. of a gray color. GROAN, grōn, v.i. to utter a moaning sound in distress: (fig.) to be afflicted. n. a deep moaning sound as of distress: a sound of disapprobation. [A.S. granian.] GROANING, grōn'ing, n. a deep moan as of pain: any low rumbling sound. GROAT, grawt or grot, n. an old English coin 4d. [O. Low Ger. grote, a coin of Bremen; like Dut. groot = great, so called because greater than the copper coins formerly in use (Skeat); Ger. groschen-Low L. grossus, thick.] GROATS. grawts or grōts, n.pl. the grain of oats deprived of the husks. [A.S. grut, coarse meal.] GROBIAN, grob'ī-an, n. a coarse, ill-bred fellow a rude lout: a boor. "Grobians | GROCER, grōs'er, n. a dealer in tea, sugar, etc. [Fr. grossier, from root of GROSS; the word, formerly grosser, orig. meant one who sold wholesale.] GROCERY, grōs'er-i, n. (generally used in pl.) articles sold by grocers. GROG, grog, n. a mixture of spirit and cold water. [Derived from " Old Grog,” a nickname given by British sailors to Admiral Vernon, who first introduced it, because he used, in bad weather, to wear a grogram cloak.] GROG, grog, v.t. to make into grog by mixing water with spirits: to extract grog from, by pouring hot water into an empty spirit cask, by which means a weak spirit may be extracted from the wood. (British excise slang.) GROGRAM, grog'ram, n. a kind of cloth made of silk and mohair, of a coarse grain or texture. [O. Fr. gros-grain, of a coarse grain or texture. See GROSS and GRAIN.] GROIN, groin, n. the part of the body just where the legs begin to divide: (arch.) the angular curve formed by the crossing of two arches. [Ice. grein, division, branch-greina, to divide; Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs; Scot. graine, grane, the branch of a tree or river.] GROINED, groind, adj. having groins or angular curves made by the intersection of two arches. GROOM, grōōm, n, one who has the charge of horses: a title of several officers of a royal household: a bridegroom.-v.t. to tend, as a horse.-n. GROOMS'MAN, attendant on a bridegroom at his marriage. [Ety. dub.; prob. from A.S. guma (in bridegroom), a man, which is allied to Goth. guma, Ice. gumi, L. homo.] GROOVE, grōōv, n. a furrow, or long hollow, such as is cut with a tool.-.t. to grave or cut a groove or furrow in. [A.S. grof, graf-grafan, to dig; Ger. grubegraben, to dig; Dut. groeve, a furrow, pit; from root of GRAVE.] GROPE, grōp, v.i. (orig.) to gripe or feel with the hands: to search or attempt to find something, as if blind or in the dark. -v.t. to search by feeling, as in the dark. [A.S. grapian, to seize, handle; allied to GRAB, GRIPE.] GROPINGLY, grõp′ing-li, adv. in a groping manner. GROSBEAK. Same as GROSSBEAK. GROSS, grōs, adj. coarse: rough: dense: palpable: whole: coarse in mind: stupid: sensual: obscene.-n. the main bulk: the whole taken together: a great hundred, i.e., twelve dozen.-adv. GROSS'LY.-N. GROSS'NESS. [Fr. gros-Low L. grossusL. crassus.] GROSSBEAK, grōs'bēk, n. a genus of birds with a thick strong convex beak. [GROSS and BEAK.] GROT, grot, GROTTO, grot'o, n. a cave: a place of shade, for pleasure, made like a cave:—pl. GROTS, GROTTOS. [Fr. grotte -L. crypta; thus a doublet of CRYPT grotto is the It. form.] GROTESQUE.gro-tesk'. adj. extravagantly formed ludicrous.-n. (art.) extravagant ornament, containing animals, plants, etc., not really existing.-adv. GROTESQUE LY.-n. GROTESQUE NESS. [Fr. grotesque-It. grottesca--grotto; because old grottos were commonly adorned with quaint and extravagant paintings.] GROTTO. See GROT. GROUND GROUND, grownd, pa.t. and pa.p. of GRIND. GROUND, grownd, n. the surface of the earth: a portion of the earth's surface: land: field: the floor, etc.: position: field or place of action: (lit. or fig.) that on which something is raised: foundation: reason: (art.) the surface on which the figures are represented. [A.S. grund; cog. with Ger. Dan. and Sw. grund, Ice. grunnr, Goth. grundus; prob. conn. with grind, and orig. meaning "earth ground small."] GROUND, grownd, v.t. to fix on a foundation or principle: to instruct in first principles.-v.i. to strike the bottom and remain fixed. the as GROUNDAGE, grownd'aj, n. the tax paid by a ship for the ground or space occupied while in port. GROUND-FLOOR, grownd'-flōr, n. floor of a house on a level with the street or exterior ground. GROUND-GAME, grownd'-gām, n. a name given to hares, rabbits, and the like, as distinguished from winged game, pheasants, grouse, partridges, etc. GROUND-HOG, grownd'-hog, n. the popular name of the American rodent, Arctomys monax, or marmot, usually called in New England WOODCHUCK: a name applied to the Orycteropus capensis, a South African edentate quadruped which burrows in the ground-so called from its bearing a general resemblance to a small, short-legged pig. GROUNDLESS, grownd'les, adj. without| ground, foundation, or reason. - adv. GROUND'LESSLY.-n. GROUND'LESSNESS. GROUNDLING, grownd'ling, n. a small fish which keeps near the bottom of the water: a spectator in the pit of a theatre. [Both formed from GROUND and double dim. -ling.] 66 -- ROUND-MAIL, grownd'-mal,n. duty paid for the right of having a corpse interred in a churchyard. Reasonable charges," said the sexton," ou, there's ground-mail, and bell-siller (though the bell's broken, nae doubt), and the kist, and my day's wark, and my bit fee, and some brandy and ale to the drigie."-Sir W. Scott. GROUND-NUT, grownd'-nut, n. a term applied to the fruit of some plants and the root of others found in the ground. GROUND-PLAN, grownd'-plan, n., plan of the horizontal section of the lowest or ground story of a building. GROUND-PLOT, grownd'-plot, n. the plot of ground on which a building stands. GROUND-RENT, grownd'-rent, n., rent paid to a landlord for liberty to build on his ground. GROUNDS, grownds, n.pl. dregs of drink: sediment at the bottom of liquors. [Gael. and Ir. grunndas; conn. with GROUND.] GROUND-SEA, grownd'-se, n. the West Indian name for the swell called Rollers, or in Jamaica the North Sea, occurring in a calm, and with no other indication of a previous gale. The sea rises in huge billows and dashes against the shore with roarings resembling thunder. It is probably due to the gales called "Northers," which suddenly rise and rage off the capes of Virginia round to the Gulf of Mexico. GROUNDSEL, grownd'sel, n. an annual plant, about a foot high, with small yellow flowers. [A.S. grundswelige—grund, ground, and swelgan, to swallow; therefore lit. ground-swallower.] GROUND-S WELL, grownd'-swel, n. a broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, proceeding from a distant storm. GROUNDWORK, grownd'wurk, n. the work which forms the ground or founda 207 tion of anything: the basis: the essential part: the first principle. GROUP, grōōp, n. a number of persons or things together: (art) an assemblage of persons, animals, or things, forming a whole.-v.t. to form into a group or groups. [Fr. groupe - It. groppo, a bunch, knot; from a root found in Ger. kropf, a protuberance.] GROUPING, grōōp'ing, n. (art) the act of disposing and arranging figures or objects in groups. GROUSE, grows, n. the heathcock or moorfowl, a bird with a short curved bill, short legs, and feathered feet, which frequents moors and hills. [Prob. formed from the older grice (on the analogy of mouse, mice)-O. Fr. griesche, of unknown origin.] GROUT, growt, n. coarse meal: the sediment of liquor: lees: a thin coarse mortar: a fine plaster for finishing ceilings. [A.S. grut, coarse meal; cog. with Dut. grut, Ice. grautr, porridge, Ger. grütze, groats.] GROVE, grōv, n. a wood of small size, generally of a pleasant or ornamental character: an avenue of trees. [A.S. graf, a grove, a lane cut among treesgrafan, to dig. See GRAVE, GROOVE.] GROVEL, grov'el, v.i. to crawl on the earth to be mean:-pr.p. grov'elling; pa.p. grov'elled.-n. GROV'ELLER. [Perh. from Ice. grufla, to grovel, from grufa, as in grufa nidr, to stoop down. See GRAB, GROPE.] GROW, grō, v.i. to become enlarged by a natural process: to advance towards maturity: to increase in size: to develop: to become greater in any way: to extend: to improve: to pass from one state to another: to become.-v.t. to cause to grow: to cultivate-pa.t. grew (grōō); pa.p. grown.-n. GROW'ER. [A.S. growan; Ice. groa: conn. with green.] GROWL, growl, v.i. to utter a deep, mur. muring sound, like a dog: to grumble surlily.v.t. to express by growling.-n. GROWL'ER. [Dut. and Ger. grollen, to be angry, to roar; allied to Gr. gryllizo, to grunt, gryllos, a pig: from the sound. See GRUDGE and GRUNT.] GROWL, growl, n. a murmuring, snarling sound, as of an angry dog. GROWTH, grōth, n. a growing: gradual increase progress: development: that which has grown: product. GRUB, grub, v.i. to dig in the dirt: to be occupied meanly.-v.t. to dig or root out of the ground (generally followed by up): -pr.p. grubb'ing; pa.p. grubbed'. [Ety. dub.; but prob. allied to GRAB, GRIPE.] GRUB, grub, n. the larva of the beetle, moth, etc. [Same word as above.] GRUBBER, grub'er, n. he who or that which grubs: an instrument for digging up the roots of trees, etc. GRUBBY, grub'i, adj. dirty: unclean. "A grubby lot of sooty sweeps or colliers."Hood. GRUB-STREET, grub'-strēt, n. a street in London inhabited by shabby literary men. -adj. applied to any mean literary production. GRUDGE, gruj, v.t. to murmur at: to look upon with envy: to give or take unwillingly.-v.i. to show discontent.-n. secret enmity or envy: an old cause of quarrel. [M.E. grucchen, gruggen-O. Fr. groucher, groucer, gruger, from an imitative root gru, which is found in Gr. gry, the grunt of a pig, also in growl, grunt.] GRUDGINGLY, gruj'ing-li, adv. unwillingly. GRUDGINGS, gruj'ingz, n.pl. coarse meal: grouts: the part of the grain which remains after the fine meal has passed the GUARD sieve. "You that can deal with grudgings and coarse flour.". Beau. & F [Fr. grugeons, from gruger, to crunch, to grind. Cf. Low Ger. grusen, to grind. and see GRUDGE, v.t.] GRUDGMENT, gruj'ment, n. the act of grudging: discontent: dissatisfaction. This, see, which at my breast I wear, GRUEL, grōō'el, n. a thin food, made by GRUMBLE, grum'bl, v.i. to murmur with discontent: to growl: to rumble. n. GRUM'BLER.adv. GRUM'BLINGLY. [Fr. grommeler; from O. Ger. grummeln.] GRUME, groom, n. a thick consistence of fluid: a clot as of blood. [O. Fr. grume, a knot, a bunch (Fr. grumeau, a clot of blood)-L. grumus, a little heap.] GRUMOUS, grōōm'us, adj. thick: clotted. GRUMPISH, grum'pish, adj. surly: gruff: cross: grumpy. If you blubber or look grumpish.”—Mrs. Trollope. GRUMPY, grum'pi, adj. surly: dissatisfied: melancholic. [From same root as GRUMBLE.] GRUNT, grunt, v.i. to make a sound like a pig.-n. a short, guttural sound, as of a hog.-n. GRUNT'ER. [Like words are found in most European languages; all from the sound. See GROWL and GRUDGE.] GRUTCH, gruch, n. a grudge. Hudibras. GRUYERE, grōō-yār', n. a kind of Swiss cheese held in much repute. It is made of large size, is firm and dry, and exhibits numerous cells of considerable magnitude. [From Gruyères, a small town in the canton of Freiburg, Switzerland.] GUAIACUM, gwa'ya-kum, n. a genus of trees in the W. Indies, that yield a greenish resin used in medicine. [Sp. guayaco, from a Haytian word.] GUANO, gwä'nō, n. a substance found on many small islands, especially in the Southern Ocean and on the coast of South America and Africa, which are the resort of large flocks of sea-birds, and chiefly composed of their excrements in a decomposed state. It sometimes forms beds from 50 to 60 feet in thickness. It is an excellent manure, and since 1841 has been extensively applied for that purpose. Its active constituent is ammonia, containing much oxalate and urate of ammonia, with some phosphates. [Sp. guano, huano, from Peruv. huanu, dung.] GUARANTEE, gar-an-te', GUARANTY, gar'an-ti, n. a warrant or surety: a contract to see performed what another has undertaken: the person who makes such a contract.-v.t. to undertake that another shall perform certain engagements: to make sure-pr.p. guarantee'ing; pa.p. guaranteed'. [O. Fr. garantie, guarantie, pa.p. of garantir, to warrant—garant, warrant. See WARRANT.] GUARD, gärd, v.t. to ward, watch, or take care of: to protect from danger. -v.i. to watch: to be wary.-n. that which guards from danger: a man or body of men stationed to protect: one who has charge of a coach or railwaytrain state of caution: posture of defence part of the hilt of a sword: a watch-chain-pl. troops attached to the GUARDANT person of a sovereign. [O. Fr. garder, guarder-O. Ger. warten; cog. with E. ward.] GUARDANT, gär'dant, adj. (her.) having the face turned towards the beholder. GUARDED, gärd'ed, adj. wary: cautious: uttered with caution.-adv. GUARD'EDLY. -n. GUARD'EDNESS. GUARDIAN, gärd'yan, n. one who guards or takes care of: (law) one who has the care of an orphan minor.-adj. protecting.-n. GUARDIANSHIP. GUARDROOM, gärd'rōōm, n. a room for the accommodation of guards. GUARDSHIP, gärd'ship, n. a ship of war that guards or superintends marine affairs in a harbor. GUARDSMAN, gärds'man, n. a soldier of the guards. GUAVA, gwä'va, n. a genus of trees and shrubs of tropical America, with yellow, pear-shaped fruit which is made into jelly. [Sp. guayaba; of W. Indian origin.] GUDGEON, guj'un, n. a small fresh-water fish, allied to the carp, easily caughthence, any one easily cheated. [Fr. goujon-L. gobio-Gr. kōbios. See GOBY.] GÜELDER-ROSE, gel'der-rōz, n. a tree with large white ball-shaped flowers. [So called from Gueldres in Holland-also called snowball-tree.] GUELF, GUELPH, gwelf, n. the name of a distinguished princely family in Italy, originally German, and re-transported into Germany in the eleventh century, still, however retaining large possessions in Italy. Welf, son of Isenbrand, Count of Altorf, one of the vassals of Charlemagne, is said to have been the first to bear the name. It still continues in the two branches of the House of Brunswick -the ducal and the royal, to which latter the reigning family of Britain belongs. After the battle of Weinsberg, fought in 1140, against the Waiblingens (Ghibellines), where the name of the head of the house was given as a rallying cry or watchword to his followers, the term became gradually extended to all the members of that faction in Italy which aimed at national independence and supported the pope, while that of Ghibelline was given to the supporters of the emperors in their endeavor to subjugate Italy to Germany. The contest lasted for nearly 300 years, desolating both countries. Latterly the term was applied to a supporter of democratic principles, and that of Ghibelline to an upholder of aristocracy. The terms fell into disuse towards the end of the fifteenth century. [It. guelfo, O.Ger. huelfa, O.H. Ger. hwalf, O.Sax. and A.S. hwelp, whelp.] GUELFIC, GUELPHIC, gwelf'ik, adj. of or pertaining to the Guelfs.-GUELFIC ORDER, a Hanoverian order of knighthood founded in 1815 by George IV., then prince regent, and entitled the Royal Hanoverian Guelfic Order. It consists of grand crosses, commanders, and knights, both civil and military. GUERDON, ger'dun, n. a reward or recompense. [O. Fr. guerdon, guerredon (It. guidardone)-Low L. widerdonum, corr. from O. Ger. widarlon, A.S. widherleanwidher (same as with- in E. withstand), against, lean (same as E. loan), reward; or more prob. the latter part of the word is from L. donum, a gift.] GUERILLA, GUERRILLA, ger-ril'a, n. a mode of harassing an army by small bands adopted by the Spaniards against the French in the Peninsular War, and by Quantrell, Mosby and Morgan during the Civil War in this country: a member of such a band.-adj. conducted by or 208 conducting petty warfare. [Sp. guerril la, dim. of guerra (Fr. guerre)-O. Ger. werra, war. See WAR.] GUESS, ges, v.t. to form an opinion on uncertain knowledge.-v.i. to judge on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture rightly. [M. E. gessen; cog. with Dut. gissen; Dan. gisse, Ice. giska, for git-ska-geta, to get, think, A.S. gitan, whence E. GET. See also FORGET.] GUESS, ges, n. judgment or opinion without sufficient evidence or grounds. GUESSWORK, ges'wurk, n., work done by guess. GUEST, gest, n. a visitor received and entertained. [A.S. gest, gæst; allied to Dut. and Ger. gast, L. hostis, stranger, enemy. Cf. HOST, an army.] GUEST-CHAMBER, gest'-cham′ber, n. (B.) a chamber or room for the accommodation of guests. GUFFAW, guf-faw', n. a loud laugh. [From the sound.] GUIDANCE, gid'ans, n. direction: govern ment. GUIDE, gid, v.t. to lead or direct: to regulate to influence.-n. he who or that which guides: one who directs another in his course of life: a soldier or other person employed to obtain information for an army. [Fr. guider; prob. from a Teut. root, as in A.S. witan, to know, observe, wis, wise, Ger. weisen, to show, and so conu. with wit, and wise.] GUIDEBOOK, gid'book, n. a book of information for tourists. GUIDELESSNESS, gid'les-nes, n. the state or condition of being destitute of a guide or of wanting a director: want of guidance. "To fight with poverty and guidelessness."-Kingsley. GUIDEPOST, gid'post, n. a post erected at a road-side, to guide the traveller. GUIDE-SCREW, gīd'-skrōō, n. in mach. a screw for directing or regulating certain movements. GUIDE-TUBE, gīd'-tūb, n. in mach. any contrivance by which a boring-bit or drill is guided, but which consists commonly of a fixed tube to prevent swerving. GUIDON, gi'don, n. the little flag or standard of a troop of cavalry; a flag used to direct the movements of infantry; a flag used to signal with at sea; the flag of a guild or fraternity: one who bears a guidon; a standard-bearer: one of a community that Charlemagne established at Rome to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land. [Fr. See GUIDE.] GUIDONIAN, gwe-do'ni-an, adj. of or pertaining to Guido Aretino, or to the hexachordal system of music said to be introduced by him. GUILD, gild, n. (orig.) an association in a town where payment was made for mutual support and protection: an association of men for mutual aid: a corporation.--GUILD'HALL, n. the hall of a guild or corporation, esp. in London. [A.S. gild, money, gildan, to pay it is the same word as GOLD and GILD.] GUILE, gil, n. wile: jugglery: cunning: deceit. [O. Fr. guille, deceit; from a Teut. root, as in A.S. wil, Ice. vel, a trick. See WILE.] GUILE, gīl, n. as much liquor as is brewed at once. Thee best befits a lowly style, Teach Dennis how to stir the guile.-Swift. GUILEFUL, gil'fool, adj. crafty: deceitful.-adv. GUILE FULLY.-n. GUILE'FUL NESS. GUILELESS, gilles, adj. without deceit : artless.-adv. GUILE'LESSLY.-n. GUILE'LESSNESS. GUILLEMOT, gil'e-mot, n. a genus of GULF-WEED marine birds having a pointed bill and very short tail. [Fr.] GUILLOTINE, gil'o-tēn, n. an instrument for beheading-consisting of an upright frame down which a sharp heavy axe descends on the neck of the victimadopted during the French Revolution, and named after Guillotin, a physician, who first proposed its adoption.-v.t. to behead with the guillotine. GUILLOTINEMENT, gil-o-ten'ment, n. decapitation by means of the guillotine. "In this poor National Convention, broken, bewildered by long terror, perturbations, and guillotinement, there is no pilot."-Carlyle. GUILT, gilt, n. punishable conduct: the state of having broken a law crime. [Orig. a payment or fine for an offence; A.S. gylt, guilt-gildan, to pay, to atone.] GUILTLESS, gilt'les, adj. free from crime: innocent.-adv.GUILT LESSLY.-n. GUILT' LESSNESS. GUILTY, gilt'i, adj. justly chargeable with a crime wicked.-GUILTY OF (sometimes in B.), deserving.-adv. GUILT'ILY.—n. GUILT'INESS. [A.S. gyltig.] GUINEA, gin'i, n. an English gold coin, no longer used-21s., so called because first made of gold brought from Guinea, in Africa. GUINEA - FOWL, gin'i-fowl, GUINEAHEN, gin'i-hen, n. a fowl like the turkey, of a dark-gray color, with white spots, originally from Guinea, in Africa. GUINEA-PIG, gin'i-pig, n. a small S. American animal, belonging to the Rodentia, and somewhat resembling a small pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana-pig.] GUIPURE, gē-pūr', n. an imitation of antique lace, very durable, equally beautiful, and less expensive: a kind of gimp. [Fr.] GUISÉ, gīz, n., manner, behaviour: external appearance: dress. [Fr. guise; from O. Ger. wisa (Ger. weise), a way, guise, which is cog. with A.S. wis, wise, wisa, cause, manner, E. wise, guide.] GUISER, giz'er, n. a person in disguise: a Christmas mummer. GUITAR, gi-tär', n. a musical stringed instrument like the violin in shape, but larger, and played upon with the fingers. [Fr. guitare; from L. cithara-Gr. kithara, a lyre or lute. See CITHERN.] GULDEN, gōōl'den, n. the florin of AustriaHungary, nominally equal to 50 cents. GULES, gulz, n. (her.) a red color, marked in engraved figures by perpendicular lines. [Fr. gueules; of doubtful origin: acc. to Brachet, from Pers. ghul, a rose ; but acc. to other authorities, it is from Fr. gueule-L. gula, the throat, prob. from the color of the open mouth of the heraldic lion.] GULF, gulf, n. a hollow or indentation in the sea-coast: a deep place in the earth: an abyss: a whirlpool: anything insatiable. [Fr. golfe-Late Gr. kolphos, Gr. kolpos, the bosom, a fold, a gulf.] GULF, gulf, v.t. to engulf: to absorb or swallow up, as in a gulf. "Gulfed with Proserpine and Tantalus."-Swinburne. GULF-STREAM, gulf'-strēm, n. a stream or current of warm water, which flows from the Gulf of Mexico through the channel between Cuba and America, past the Bermudas, touching the tail of the great bank of Newfoundland, and thence sweeps onwards towards Europe, part going north, and part returning southerly to the tropics. GULF-WEED, gulf'-wēd, n. a genus of seaweeds (Sargassum), of the sub-order Fucaceæ, of which two species, S. vulgare and S. bacciferum, are found abundantly in the Atlantic Ocean as well as GULFY in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. They are tropical plants. In the Atlantic they chiefly occupy a more or less interrupted space between the 20th and 30th parallels of north latitude, called the Sargasso Sea, and are also plentiful in the Gulf-stream, whence the name. The S. bacciferum has its specific name from the numerous grapelike air-vessels by which the plant is buoyed. It was first discovered by Columbus. GULFY, gulfi, adj. full of gulfs or whirlpools. To pass the gulfy purple sea that did no sea-rites know.-Chapman. GUL-GUL, gul'-gul, n. a sort of chunam or cement made of pounded sea-shells mixed with oil, which hardens like a stone, and is put over a ship's bottom in India, so that worms cannot penetrate even when the copper is off. [Native name.] GULIELMA, goo'li-el-ma, n. a genus of South American palms, of which G. speciosa or peach-palm is cultivated on the banks of the Amazon and Rio Negro, supplying the natives with food and other necessaries. It grows to the height of 60 or 80 feet. [After Queen Caroline Wilhelmine, wife of Maximilian I. of Bavaria.] GULL, gul, n. a web-footed sea-fowl, named from its wailing cry. [Corn. gullan, W. gwylan, Bret. gwelan - Bret. gwela, to weep, to cry.] GULL, gul, v.t. to beguile: to deceive.-n. a trick: one easily cheated. [Same word as gull, a sea-fowl, the bird being thought stupid.] GULLET, gul'et, n. the throat: the passage in the neck by which food is taken into the stomach. [Fr. goulet, the gullet, dim. of O. Fr. goule, Fr. gueule-L. gula, the throat.] GULLIBLE, gul'i-bl, adj. easily gulled or deceived.-n. GULLIBILITY. GULLY, gul'i, n. a gullet or channel worn by running-water.-v.t. to wear a gully or channel in. [A form of GULLET.] GULP, gulp, v.t. to swallow eagerly or in large draughts. [Dut. gulpen, to swallow eagerly, from Dut. gulp, a great draught.] GUM, gum, n. the flesh of the jaws which| surrounds the teeth. [A.S. goma; Ice. gomr, Ger. gaumen, roof of the mouth, palate.] GUM, gum, n. a substance which exudes from certain trees, and hardens on the surface.-v.t. to smear or unite with gum:-pr.p. gumm'ing; pa.p. gummed'. [Fr. gomme-L. gummi-Gr. kommi.] GUMBO, gum'bo, GOMBO, gom'bō, n. the name given in the Southern States to Ochra or Okra, the pod of Hibiscus esculentus: a soup in which this fruit enters largely as an ingredient; also, a dish made of young capsules of ochra, with salt and pepper, stewed and served with melted butter. GUMBY, gum'bi, n. a kind of drum used by the negroes of the West Indies, made out of a piece of a hollow tree, about 6 feet long, with a skin braced over it. It is carried by one man while another beats it with his open hands. "A squad of drunken black vagabonds, singing and playing on gumbies, or African drums." -Mich. Scott. GUMMIFEROUS, gum-if'er-us, adj., producing gum. [L. gummi, and fero, to bear, to produce.] GUMMOUS, gum'us, GUMMY, gum'i, adj. consisting of or resembling gum: producing or covered with gum.-n. GUMM'INESS. [L. gummosus.] GUN, gun, n. a firearm or weapon, from which balls or other projectiles are discharged, usually by means of gunpow N 209 der now, generally applied to cannon. [Ety. dub.; perh. from W. gun, a bowl, gun.] GUN-BARREL, gun'-bar'el, n. the barrel or tube of a gun. GUNBOAT, gun'bot, n. a boat or small vessei of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns. GUN-CARRIAGE, gun'-kar'ij, n. a carriage on which a gun or cannon is supported. GUN-COTTON, gun'-kot'n, n. a highly explosive substance produced by soaking cotton or any vegetable fibre in nitric and sulphuric acids, and then leaving it to dry. It has about four times the explosive force of gunpowder, and is occasionally used as a substitute for it. Gun-cotton explodes without smoke, and does not foul the piece, but when confined in the bore of a rifle it occasionally bursts the barrel. By dissolving it in a mixture of rectified ether and alcohol, collodion is obtained. GUNNAGE, gun'āj, n. the number of guns carried by a ship of war. GUNNER, gun'er, n. one who works a gun or cannon: (naut.) a petty officer who has charge of the ordnance on board ship. GUNNERY, gun'er-i, n. the art of managing guns, or the science of artillery. GUNNY, gun'i, n. a strong coarse cloth manufactured in India from jute, and used as sacking. [Prob. a native word.] GUNPOWDER, gun'pow-der, n. an explosive powder used for guns and firearmis. GUNSHOT, gun'shot, n. the distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun.— adj. caused by the shot of a gun. GUNSMITH, gun'smith, n. a smith or workman who makes or repairs guns or small arms. GUNSTOCK, gun'stok, n. the stock or piece of wood on which the barrel of a gun is fixed. GUNTER'S CHAIN, gun'terz chan, the chain in common use for measuring land, having a length of 66 feet, or 22 yards, or 4 poles, of 5 yards each; and it is divided into 100 links of 7.92 inches each. 100,000 square links make one acre. [After Edmund Gunter, the inventor.] GÜNTER'S LINE, gun'terz līn, (a) a logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers-called also LINE OF LINES and LINE OF NUMBERS: (b) a sliding scale corresponding to logarithms for performing these operations by inspection without dividers-called also GUNTER'S SLIDING RULE. GUNTER'S QUADRANT, gun'terz kwodrant, a quadrant made of wood, brass, or other substance, being a kind of stereographic projection on the plane of the equator, the eye being supposed in one of the poles. It is used to find the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, etc., as also to take the altitude of an object in degrees. GUNTER'S SCALE, gun'terz skal, a large plain scale having various lines upon it, both natural and logarithmic, of great use in solving mechanically by means of a slider problems in navigation and surveying. It is usually 2 feet long, and about 1 inch broad. GUNWALE, gun'el, n. the wale or upper edge of a ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called because the upper guns are pointed from it. [See WALE.] GUP, GUP-SHUP, gup, gup'-shup, n. in British India, gossip: tattle: topics of the time and place: current rumors. GURGLE, gur'gl, v.i. to flow in an irregular noisy current, as water from a bottle: to make a bubbling sound. [Through an GYMNASIUM It. gorgogliare, from the same root as GORGE; cf. GARGLE.] GURNET, gur'net, GURNARD, gur'nard, n. a kind of fish. [Supposed to be so called from the sound it makes when taken out of the water; from O. Fr. gournauld-Fr. grogner, to grunt-L. grunnio, to grunt.] ING. GUSH, gush, v.i. to flow out with violence or copiously.-n. that which flows out : a violent issue of a fluid. [From a Teut. root, found in Ice. gusa, to gush, A.S. geotan, Ger. giessen, akin to Gr. cheō, to pour. GUSHING, gush'ing, adj. rushing forth with violence, as a liquid: flowing co piously effusive.-adv. GUSH'INGLY. GUSSET, gus'et, n. the piece of cloth in a shirt which covers the armpit: an angular piece of cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen some part of it. [Fr. gousset, armpit, gusset--gousse, It. guscio, a pod, husk; from the fancied likeness of the armpit to the hollow husk of a bean or pea.] GUST, gust, n. a sudden blast of wind: a violent burst of passion. [Ice. gustr, blast, from root of GUSH.] GUST, gust, GUSTO, gust'o, n. sense of pleasure of tasting: relish: gratification. [L. gustus, taste; akin to Gr. geuō, to make to taste.] GUSTATORY, gust'a-tor-i, adj. pertaining to, or tending to please the taste. GUSTFUL, gust'fool, adj. attended with gusts: gusty. "A gustful April morn." -Tennyson. GUSTY, gust'i, adj. stormy: tempestuous. -n. GUSTINESS. GUT, gut, n. the intestinal canal.-v.t. to take out the bowels of: to plunder :pr.p. gutt'ing; pa.p. gutt'ed. [A.S. gut, the orig. sense being channel; cf. A.S. geotan, to pour, Prov. E. gut, a drain, O. Dut. gote, a channel.] GUTTA-PERCHA, gut'a-perch'a, n. the solidified juice of various trees in the Malayan islands. [Malay, gatah, guttah, gum, percha, the tree producing it.] GUTTER. gut'er, n. a channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the drops: a channel for water.-v.t. to cut or form into small hollows.-v.i. to become hollowed to run down in drops, as a candle. [Fr. gouttière-goutte-L. gutta, a drop. GUTTURAL, gut'ur-al, adj. pertaining to the throat: formed in the throat.-n. (gram.) a letter pronounced in the throat. -adv. GUTTURALLY. [L. guttur, the throat.] GUY, gī, n. (naut.) a rope to guide or steady any suspended weight. [Sp. guia, a guide; from the same source as GUIDE.] GUY, gi, n. an effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed up grotesquely on the day of the Gunpowder plot: an odd figure. GUZZLE, guzl, v.i. to eat and drink with haste and greediness.-v.t. to swallow with exceeding relish.—n. GUZZ'LER. [O. Fr. des-gouziller, to swallow downgosier, the throat.] GŮZZLÉ, guz'l, n. an insatiable thing or person; That senseless, sensual epicure, a debauch, especially on drink: drink : intoxicating liquors : “Sealed Winchesters of threepenny guzzle."-Tom Brown. GYMNASIUM, jim-nā'zi-um, n. (orig.) a place where athletic exercises were prac ticed naked: a school for gymnastics: a school for the higher branches of literature and science :-pl. GYMNASIA, jimnā'zi-a. [L.-Gr. gymnasion-gymnazō, to exercise-gymnos, naked.] GYMNAST GYMNAST, jim'nast, n. one who teaches or practices gymnastics. [Fr. gymnaste— Gr. gymnastes.] GYMNASTIC, jim-nas'tik, GYMNASTICAL, jim-nas'tik-al, adj. pertaining to athletic exercises.-n.pl. used as sing. GYMNASTICS, athletic exercises. the art of performing athletic exercises.-adv. GYMNASTICALLY. [L. gymnasticus-Gr. gymnastikos, relating to gymnastics. See GYMNASIUM.] GYMNOSOPHIST, jim-nos'of-ist, n. one of a sect of Indian philosophers who lived an ascetic life and went naked. [Gr. gymnos, naked, sophos, wise.] GYNÆOLATRY, GENEOLATRY, jin-eol'a-tri, n. the extravagant adoration or worship of woman. J. R. Lowell. [Gr. gyně, a woman, and latreia, worship.] GYNARCHY, jin'är-ki, n., government by a female. [Gr. gyně, a woman, archễ, rule.] GYNECOCRACY, jin-e-kok'ra-si, GYNEOCRASY, jin-e-ok'ra-si, n., government by women. [Gr. gyně, a woman, krateō, to rule.] GYNETHUSIA, jin-e-thu'si-a, n. the sacrifice of women. "A kind of Suttee-gyne thusia, as it has been termed."-Archoologia, 1868. [Gr. gyně, a woman, and thusia, a sacrifice, an offering.] GYP, jip, n. at Cambridge, a college serv ant. GYPSEOUS, jip'se-us, adj. of or resembling gypsum. GYPSUM, jip'sum, n. sulphate of lime; when calcined it is PLASTER OF PARIS. [L.-Gr. gypsos, chalk.] GYPSY. See GIPSY. GYRATE, ji'rāt, v.i. to whirl round a central point: to move spirally.—adj. (bot.) winding round. [L. gyro, gyratum, tó move in a circle.] GYRATION, ji-rā'shun, n. act of whirling round a central point: a spiral motion. GYRATIONAL, ji-ra'shun-al, adj. of, pertaining to, or characterized by gyration; as, the gyrational movements of the planets. R. A. Proctor. GYRATORY, ji'ra-tor-i, adj. moving in a circle. GYRE, jīr, n. a circular motion. [L. gyrus -Gr. gyros, a ring, round.] GYRFALCON, GIERFALCON, jer'faw-kn, n. a large falcon, found in the northern regions of both the Old and New Worlds. [Low L. gyrofalco; from Ger. geier (0. Ger. giri, voracious), a vulture, and falke, falcon.] GYROMANCY, ji'ro-man-si, n., divination by walking in a circle. [Gr. gyros, a circle, and manteia, divination.] GYROSCOPE, ji'ro-skop, n. an apparatus, consisting of a rotating disc mounted by very accurately fitted pivots in a ring or rings, also rotating in different ways, for illustrating various properties of rotation and the composition of rotations. means of this instrument the rotation of the earth on its axis can be ocularly demonstrated. [Gr. gyros, a circle, and skopeō, to view.] By GYROSTAT, ji'ro-stat, n. a modification of the gyroscope, devised by Sir W. Thomson to illustrate the dynamics of rotating rigid bodies. It consists essentially of a fly-wheel with a massive rim, fixed on the middle of an axis which can rotate on fine steel pivots inside a rigid case. [Gr. gyros, a circle, and statikos, stationary.] GYVE, jiv, n. a fetter, esp. one to confine the legs-used commonly in pl.-v.t. to fetter. [W gefyn, fetters.] 210 H HA, hä, int. denoting surprise, joy, or grief; and, when repeated, laughter. [From the sound.] HAAF, häf, n. Shetland fishing ground.HAAF-FISHING, the term used in Shetland to denote the deep-sea fishing for ling, cod, tusk, etc. [Ice. haf, the sea; Ger. haff, bay, gulf.] HABAKKUK, ha-bak'kook, n. the name of one of the books of the Old Testament. Habakkuk was the eighth of the twelve minor prophets, and his prophecy is admired for its elevated, religious, lyrical style. HABEAS-CORPUS, ha'be-as-kor'pus, n. a writ to a jailer to produce the body of one detained in prison and to state the reasons of such detention, that the court may judge of their sufficiency. [Lit. have the body, from L. habeo, to have, and corpus, the body.] HABENDUM, ha-ben'dum, n. in law, that clause of a deed which determines the estate or interest granted by the deed. [L., a thing to be possessed.] HABERDASHER, hab'er-dash-er, n. a seller of small-wares, as ribbons, tape, etc. [O. Fr. hapertas; of uncertain origin.] HABERDASHERY, hab'er-dash-er-i, goods sold by a haberdasher. HÅBERGEON, ha-ber'je-un, n. a piece of armor to defend the neck and breast. [Fr. haubergeon, dim. of O. Fr. hauberc. See HAUBERK.] ገ. HABILABLE, ha'bil-a-bl, adj. capable of being clothed. "The whole habitable and habilable globe."-Carlyle. HABILATORY, ha'bil-a-tor-i, adj. pertaining or relating to habiliments or clothing. "The arcana of habilatory art."-Ld. Lytton. "For indeed is not the dandy culottic, habilatory, by way of existence; a cloth-animal?"-Carlyle. HABILIMENT, ha-bil'i-ment, n. a garment:-pl. clothing, dress. [Fr. habillement-habiller, to dress-L. habilis, fit, ready-habeo.] HABIT, hab'it, n. ordinary course of conduct: tendency to perform certain actions: general condition or tendency, as of the body: practice: custom : outward appearance, dress: a garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt, worn by ladies on horseback.-v.t. to dress :pr.p. hab'iting; pa.p. hab'ited. [Fr.L. habitus, state, dress-habeo, to have, HABITABLE, hab'it-a-bl, adj. that may be to be in a condition.] dwelt in.-adv. HAB'ITABLY.-n. HABITABLENESS. [Fr.-L. habitabilis-habito, habitatus, to inhabit, freq. of habeo, to have.] HABITAT, hab'it-at, n. (nat. hist. and bot.) the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant. [3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of L. habito.] HABITATION, hab-i-ta'shun, n. act of inhabiting or dwelling: a dwelling or residence. [Fr.-L. habitatio-habito.] HABITUAL, ha-bit'u-al, adj. formed or acquired by habit or frequent use: customary.-adv. HABIT'UALLY. [Low L. habitualis-L. habitus.] HABITUATE, ha-bit'ū-āt, v.t. to cause to acquire a habit: to accustom. [L. habituo, habituatum-habitus, held in a state or condition.] HABITUDE, hab'i-tud, n. tendency from acquiring a habit: usual manner. [L. habitudo-habeo.] HABITUÉ, a-bē-tū-ā, n. a habitual frequenter of any place, esp. one of amusement, recreation, etc. [Fr., pp. of habituer, to accustom.] HAGGARD HACK, hak, v.t. to cut to chop o. mangle to notch.-n. a cut made by hacking.-HACKING COUGH, a broken, troublesome cough. [A.S. haccan; Dut. hakken, and Ger. hacken. See HASH.] HACK, hak, n. a hackney, esp. a poor and jaded one: any person overworked on hire a literary drudge.-adj. hackney, hired.-v.t. to offer for hire: to use roughly. [Contr. of HACKNEY; cf. CAB.] HACKLE, hak'l, n. an instrument with hooks or iron teeth for sorting hemp or flax any flimsy substance unspun: a feather in a cock's neck: a hook and fly for angling, dressed with this feather. [Dut. hekel, dim. of haak, a hook; akin to Ger. hechel-haken, E. HOOK.] HACKLE, hak'l, v.t. to dress with a hackle, as flax: to tear rudely asunder. HACKLET, hak'let, n. a marine bird: prob. one of the shear-waters. "The choughs cackled, the hacklets wailed." -Kingsley. HACKLOG, hak'log, n. a chopping-block. "A kind of editorial hacklog on which to chop straw."-Carlyle. HACKLY, hak'li, adj. rough and broken, as if hacked or chopped: (min.) covered with sharp points. HACKNEY, hak'ni, n. a horse for general use, esp. for hire.-v.t. to carry in a hackney-coach: to use much to make commonplace. [Fr. haquenée - Dut. hakke-nei, an ambling nag; prob. from hakken (E. HACK, to cut), and negge (E. NAG, a small horse).] HACKNEY, hak'ni, HACKNEYED, hak'CKNEY nid, adj. let out for hire: devoted to common use: much used. HACKNEY-COACH, hak'ni-kōch, n. a coach let out for hire. HAD, pa.t. and pa.p. of HAVE: (B.) = held, Acts xxv. 26. [Contr. from A.S. häfed, häfd-haved.] HADDOCK, had'uk, n. a sea-fish of the cod family. [Ety. dub.; cf. W. hadog, prolific-had, seed; perh. from Low L. gadus, cod-Gr. gados, and dim. termination ock.] HADES, ha'dēz, n. the unseen world: the abode of the dead. [Gr. haidēs, hadēsprob. from a, priv., and idein, to see, "The Unseen."] HÆMAL, HÆMATITE, etc. See HEMAL, HEMATITE. HEMATOCRYA, hē-ma-tok'ri-a, n.pl. Prof. Owen's name for the cold-blooded vertebrates, which include the fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. [Gr. haima, haimatos, blood, and cryos, cold.] HÆMATOCRYAL, he-ma-tok'ri-al, adj. in zool. pertaining or belonging to the Hæmatocrya: cold-blooded. HEMATOTHERMA, he-ma-to-ther'ma, n.pl. Prof. Owen's name for the warmblooded vertebrates, which include the mammals and birds. [Gr. haima, haimatos, blood, and thermos, warm.] HEMATOTHERMAL, he-ma-to-ther'mal, adj. in zool. pertaining or belonging to the Hæmatotherma: warm-blooded. HÆMOGLOBIN, he-mo-glob'in, n. the coloring matter of the blood. haima, blood, L. globus, a round body.} HÆMORRHAGE, etc. See HEMORRHAGE HAFT, haft, n. a handle. [A.S. hæft from the root of have; cog. with Dut and Ger. heft.] [Gr HAG, hag, n. an ugly old woman: (orig.) a witch. [Shortened from A.S. hægtesse, a witch or fury; Ger. and Dan. hexe; perh. conn. with Ice. hagr, wise, or with A.S. haga, a hedge, because witches were thought to frequent bushes.] HAGGARD, hag'ard, adj., wild, applied to an untrained hawk. [Fr.-Ger. hager, lean-hag, a thieket.] |