rule or government by a majority. "A democracy of mere numbers is no democracy, but a mere brute arithmocracy.”– Kingsley.

ARITHMOCRATIC, a-rith'mō-krat'ik, adj. of or pertaining to an arithmocracy or rule of numbers. "American democracy, being merely arithmocratic, provides no representation whatsoever for the more educated and more experienced minority."-Kingsley.

ARK, ärk, n. a chest or coffer a large floating vessel: a large, flat boat used on some of the western rivers of the United States, to transport merchandise. [A.S. arc-L. arca, a chest-arceo, to guard.]

ARM, ärm, n. the limb extending from the shoulder to the hand: anything projecting from the main body, as an inlet of the sea: (fig.) power.-n. ARM'FUL.-adj.| ARM'LESS. -n. ARM'LET, a bracelet. [A.S.; cog. with L. armus, the shoulderjoint, Gr. harmos, a joint. From root ar-. See ARMS.]

ARM, ärm, n. a weapon: a branch of the military service. [Sing, of ARMS.] ARM, ärm, v.t. to furnish with arms or weapons to fortify.-v.i. to take arms. [L. armo, to arm-arma, weapons. See ARMS.]

ARMADA, ärm-ā'da, n. a fleet of armed ships. [Sp.-L. armatus, armed―armo, to arm.] ARMADILLO, ärm-a-dill'o, n. a small quadruped, having its body armed with a bony shell:-pl. ARMADILL'OS. [Sp. dim. of armado, armed.] ARMAMENT, ärm'a-ment, n. forces armed

or equipped for war: the guns, etc., with which a ship is armed. [L. armamenta -arma.]

ARMENIAN, ar-me'ni-an, adj. belonging to Armenia, a country of Western Asia. -n. a native of Armenia. ARMINIAN, ar-min'yan, adj. holding the doctrines of Arminius.-n. a follower of Arminius, a Dutch divine, who denied the Calvinistic doctrine of election.-n. ARMIN'IANISM.

ARMIPOTENT, ärm-i'pot-ent, adj., powerful in arms. [L. arma, arms, potens, -entis, powerful.] ARMISTICE, ärm'ist-is, n. a short suspension of hostilities: a truce. [Fr.-L. arma, arms, sisto, to stop.] ARMORIAL, ärm-ōr'i-al, adj. belonging to armor, or to the arms of a family. ARMORIC, ar-mor'ik, n. the language of the inhabitants of Armorica, the ancient name for Brittany. [L. ArmoricusCelt. ar, on, mor, the sea.] ARMOR, ärm'ur, n. defensive arms dress: plating of ships of ARM'OR-BEARER.-adj. ARM'OR-PLATED. ARMORER, ärm'ur-er, n. a maker or repairer of, or one who has the charge of

armor.

or

war.-n.

20

a

for war and under military command host. [Fr. armée-L. armata.] AROMA, a-rō'ma, n. sweet smell: the odorous principle of plants: (fig.) flavor of any kind. [Gr.]

AROMATIC, ar-o-mat'ik, adj. fragrant: spicy.

AROSE, a-roz', past tense of ARISE. AROUND, a-rownd', prep. on all sides of.adv. on every side: in a circle. [A, on, and ROUND.]

AROUSE, a-rowz', v.t. Same as ROUSE. ARPENT, ar pang, n. an acre. [Fr.] ARQUEBUSE, ARQUEBUSS, år'kwi-bus, n. an old-fashioned hand-gun. [Fr. arquebuse, from Dut. haakbus-haak, hook, and bus, box, barrel of a gun; Ger. hakenbüchse.]

ARRACK, ar'ak, n. an ardent spirit used in the East. [Ar. araq, juice or sweet.] ARRAIGN, ar-ran', v.t. to call one to account: to put a prisoner upon trial: to accuse publicly.- ―n. ARRAIGN'MENT. [O. Fr. aragnier, Fr. arraisonner-Low L. arrationare-L. ad, to, ratio, reason.] ARRANGE, ar-ranj', v.t. to set in a rank or row: to put in order to settle. [Fr. arranger-d (-L. ad, to), and ranger. See RANGE.] ARRANGEMENT, ar-ranj'ment, n. act of arranging: classification: settlement. ARRANT, ar'rant, adj. downright, notorious (used in a bad sense). [Corr. of arghand, pr.p. of argh, the northern form of A.S. eargian, to be a coward, Ger. arg, bad.]

ARRAS, ar'ras, n. tapestry. [From Arras in Northern France, where first manufactured.]

ARRAY, ar-ra', n. order: dress: equipage. -v.t. to put in order: to arrange: to dress, adorn, or equip. [O. Fr. arroi, array, equipage-L. ad, and a Teut. root, found either in O. Ger. rat (Ger. rath), counsel, E. READ, or in E. READY, Ger. be-reit.]

ARREAR, a'rēr, v.t. to cause to rise: to raise up to rear. "A desperate presumption arreared."-Fuller. ARREAR, ar-rer', n. that which is in the rear or behind: that which remains unpaid or undone (used mostly in pl.); also, the rear. "The arrear consisting of between three and four thousand foot."Heylin. [Fr. arrière, behind-L. ad, to, retro, back, behind.]

ARREST, ar-rest', v.t. to stop to seize: to apprehend by legal authority.-n. stoppage: seizure by warrant. [Fr. arrêter for arrester-L. ad, to, resto, to stand still.]

ARRIERO, ar-ri-ā-rō', n. a muleteer. [Sp.] ARRIVAL, ar-riv'al, n. the act of arriving: persons or things that arrive. ARRIVE, ar-rīv', v.i. (fol. by at) to reach any place to attain to any object. [Fr. arriver-Low L. adripare-L. ad, to, ripa, a bank; as if, to reach the bank.] ARROGANCE, ar'rog-ans, ARROGANCY, arʼrog-ans-i, n. undue assumption of importance.

ARROGANT, ar'rog-ant, adj. claiming too much: overbearing.-adv. ARʼROGANTLY. ARROGATE, ar'rog-at, v.t. to claim as one's own to claim proudly or unduly. [L. arrogo-ad, to, rogo, rogatum, to ask, to claim.]

ARRONDISSEMENT, ar-ron'des-mäng, n. a subdivision of a French department. [Fr.-arrondir, to make round-L. ad, and Fr. rond. See ROUND.] ARROW, ar'rō, n. a straight, pointed weapon, made to be shot from a bow.ARROW-HEAD, ar'rō-hed. ARROWHEADED, ar'rō-hed'ed, adj. shaped like the head of an arrow. [A.S. arewe; Ice. ör, akin perhaps to Ice. örr, the swift.]

n.

ARTICULATE

ARROWLET, a'rō-let, n. a little arrow. Tennyson. ARROWROOT, ar'rō-rōōt, n. a starch obtained from the roots of certain plants growing chiefly in W. Indies, and much used as food for invalids and children. [Said to be so named because used by the Indians of S. America as an antidote against wounds caused by poisoned arrows.]

ARROWY, ar'rō-i, adj. of or like arrows. ARROYO, ar-ro'yo, n. a ravine. [Sp.] ARSENAL, är'se-nal, n. a public magazine or manufactory of naval and military stores. [Fr. and Sp.; from Ar. dár, a house, and cina'at, trade. ARSENIC, är'sen-ik, n. a mineral poison: a soft, gray-colored metal. [Gr. arsēn, male; the alchemists fancied some metals male, others female.] ARSENIC, -AL, är-sen'ik, -al, adj. composed of or containing arsenic. ARSON, ärs'on, n. the crime of willfully burning houses or other buildings. [O. Fr. arson-L. ardeo, arsum, to burn.] ART, ärt, 2d pers. sing. of the present tense of the verb to be. [A.S. eart.] ART, ärt, n. practical skill guided by rules: the rules and methods of doing certain actions: a profession or trade: contrivance: skill: cunning: artifice. [L. ars, artis, from root ar-, to fit. See ARM.] ARTERIALIZE, är-tē'ri-al-iz, v.t. to make arterial.

ARTERY, är'ter-i, n. a tube or vessel

which conveys blood from the heart.adj. ARTERIAL. [L.-Gr. artèria, orig. the windpipe, the bronchiæ, then applied to the arteries: perh. conn. with artaō, I fasten to, hang from.] ARTESIAN, är-te'zhan, adj. applied to wells made by boring until water is reached. [From Artois (anc. Artesium), in the north of France, where these wells are said to have been first made.] ARTFUL, ärt'fool, adj. full of art: cunning.-adv. ART'FULLY.—n. ART'FULNESS. ARTHROGRAPHY, ar-throg'ra-fi, n. in anat. a description of the joints. [Gr. arthron, a joint, and graphē, description.]

ARTHURIAN, är-thū'ri-an, adj. of or pertaining to King Arthur, or to the legends connected with him and his knights of the Round Table. "Among the writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the historical existence of Arthur was, with a few rare exceptions, denied, and the Arthurian legend regarded purely as an invention of the worthy chronicler, Geoffrey of Monmouth."- Ency. Brit.

ARTIAD, är'ti-ad, n. in chem. a name given to an element of even equivalency, as a dyad, tetrad, etc.: opposed to a perissad, an element of uneven equivalency, such as a monad, triad, etc. ARTICHOKE, är'ti-chōk, n. an eatable plant with large scaly heads, like the cone of the pine. [Fr. artichaut, It. articiocco, Sp. alcachofa, Ar. alharshaf.] ARTICLE, ärt'i-kl, n. a separate element. member, or part of anything: a particular substance: a single clause, or term: (gram.) one of the particles, an or a and the.-v.t. to draw up or bind by articles. [L. articulus, a little joint-artus, a joint -root ar-, to join.

ARTICULAR, är-tik'ül-ar, adj., belonging to the joints. [See ARTICLE.] ARTICULATE, är-tik'ül-āt, adj. distinct. clear.-v.t. to joint: to form into distinct sounds, syllables, or words.-v.i. to speak distinctly.-adv. ARTICULATELY. -n. ARTICULATENESS. [L. articulo, -atum, to furnish with joints. to utter distinctly. See ARTICLE.]

ARTICULATION

ARTICULATION, är-tik-ül-a'shun, n., a joining, as of the bones: distinct utterance: a consonant.

ARTIFICE, ärt'i-fis, n. a contrivance: a trick or fraud. [L. artificium-artifex, -ficis, an artificer-ars, artis, and facio, to make.]

ARTIFICER, är-tif'is-er, n. a workman: an inventor.

ARTIFICIAL, ärt-i-fish'yal, adj., made by art: not natural: cultivated: not indigenous feigned.-adv. ARTIFICIALLY. [See ARTIFICE.]

ARTILLERIST, är-til'er-ist, n. one skilled in artillery or gunnery. ARTILLERY, är-til'er-i, n. offensive weapons of war, esp. cannon, mortars, etc.: the men who manage them: a branch of the military service: gunnery. [Fr. artillerie-O. Fr. artiller, to arm: from a supposed Low L. artillare-L. ars, artis, art.]

ARTILLERY-MAN, är-til'er-i-man, n. a soldier of the artillery.

ARTISAN, ärt'i-zan, n. one skilled in any art or trade: a mechanic. [Fr. artisan, It. artigiano L. as if artitianusartitus, skilled in the arts-ars, artis, art.]

ARTIST, ärt'ist, n., one who practices an art, esp. one of the fine arts, as painting, sculpture, or architecture. [Fr. artiste, Ital. artista-L. ars, artis, art.] ARTISTIC, -AL, ärt-ist'ik, -al, adj. according to art.

ARTLESS, ärt'les, adj. guileless: simple.n. ART'LESSNESS.

ARUSPICY, a-rus'pi-si, n. divination by inspection of the entrails of beasts. [L. aruspicium, orig. dub.]

ARYAN, a'ri-an, adj. relating to the family

of nations otherwise called Indo-European (comprehending the inhabitants of Europe-except the Turks, Magyars and Finns and those of Armenia, Persia, and N. Hindustan), or to their languages. [Sans. arya, excellent, prob. allied to Gr. aristos, the best.]

AS, az, adv. and conj. similarly for ex

ample while in like manner. [As is a corr. of also-A.S. eal-swa, al so, alse, ais; Ger. als. The primary meaning is, just so, quite in that way.]

AS, rel. pro. from the Scand. [O. Ic., es, Mod. Ic. er. This use of as is provincial.] ASAFETIDA, as-a-fet'i-da, n., fetid asa,

a medicinal gum, having an offensive smell, made from a Persian plant called

aza.

ASBESTOS, a-sbest'os, n. an incombustible mineral, a variety of hornblende, of a fine fibrous texture, resembling flax. [Gr. (lit.) unquenchable—a, neg., sbestos, extinguished.]

ASCEND, as-send', v.i., to climb or mount| up: to rise to go backwards in the order of time.-v.t. to climb or go up on. [L. ascendo, ascensum-ad, and scando, to climb, Sans. skand, to leap upwards.] ASCENDANT, as-send'ant, adj. superior: above the horizon.-n. superiority: (astrol.) the part of the ecliptic rising above the horizon at the time of one's birth it was supposed to have commanding influence over the person's life, hence the phrase, in the ascendant.

ASCENDENCY, as-send'en-si, n. controlling influence.

ASCENSION, as-sen'shun, n. a rising or going up. [L. ascensio-ascendo.] ASCENSION-DAY, as-sen'shun-da, n. the festival held on Holy Thursday, ten days before Whit-sunday, to commemorate Christ's ascension to heaven. ASCENT, as-sent', n. act of ascending: way of ascending: degree of elevation.

21

ASCERTAIN, as-ser-tan', v.t. to determine: to obtain certain knowledge of.-adj. ASCERTAIN'ABLE. [O. Fr. acertainer. See CERTAIN.] ASCETIC, as-set'ik, n., one rigidly selfdenying in religious observances: a strict hermit. adj. excessively rigid: austere : recluse.-n. ASCETICISM, as-set'i-sizm. [Gr. askētēs, one that uses exercises to train himself.] ASCHAM, as'kam, n. in archery, a large case fitted up with the necessary drawers and compartments for the reception of the bow, arrows, string, and other necessary accoutrements. [After Roger Ascham, who in 1544 published Toxophilus," a celebrated treatise on archery.] ASCITITIOUS, as-sit-ish'us, adj. See ADSCITITIOUS.

66

ASCRIBE, a-skrīb', v.t. to attribute, impute, or assign.-adj. ASCRIB'ABLE. [L. ascribo, -scriptum-ad, to, scribo, to write.]

ASCRIPTION, a-skrip'shun, n. act of ascribing or imputing.

ASEITY, a-se'i-ti, n. the state or condition of having an independent existence. "The absolute being and aseity of God." -Prof. W. R. Smith. "By what mysterious light have you discovered that aseity is entail'd on matter?"-Gentleman Instructed, 1704. [L. a, from, and se, one's self lit. the state of being from or by org's self.]

ASF, ash, n. a well-known timber tree.adj ASH'EN. [A.S. œsc, Ger. esche, Ice. ask.

ASHAMED, a-shāmd', adj., affected with shame. [Pa.p. of old verb ashame-pfx. a, inten., and SHAME.]

(fig.)

ASHES, ash'ez, n.pl. the dust or remains of anything burnt: the remains of the human body when burnt (fig.) a dead body. [A.S. asce, Ice. aska. J ASHLAR, ash'lar, ASHLER, ash'ler, n. (lit.) stones laid in rows: hewn or squared stone used in facing a wall, as distinguished from rough, as it comes from the quarry. [Fr. aisselle, dim. of ais, a plank; L. assis, a plank-assula, a little plank, a shingle. Such little wooden boards were used to face walls before stones, and squared stones took the name.]

ASHORE, a-shōr', adv., on shore. [Pfx. a, and SHORE.]

ASH-WEDNESDAY, ash-wenz'dā, n. the first day of Lent, so called from the Roman Catholic custom of sprinkling

ashes on the head.

ASHY, ash'i, adj. of or like ashes: ashcolored pale.

ASIDE, a-sid', adv., on or to one side: privately.

ASININE, as'in-in, adj. of or like an ass. [See Ass.]

ASININITY, as-i-nin'i-ti, n. the quality of being asinine: obstinate stupidity. ASIPHONATE, a-si'fon-at, adj. of or pertaining to the Asiphonata: not possessing a respiratory tube or siphon. H. A. Nicholson.

ASK, ask, v.t., to seek to request, inquire,

beg, or question.-v.i. to request: to make inquiry. [A.S. acsian, ascian, Ger. heischen, Ice. æskja, Sans. ish, to desire.]

ASKANČE, a-skans', v.t. to turn aside, as the eyes to make look with indiffer

ence.

O, how are they wrapp'd in with infamies That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes. -Shak. ASKANCE, a-skans', ASKANT, a-skant', adv. sideways: awry: obliquely. [O. Fr. a scanche; It. schiancio, a slope, from the root of SLANT.]

ASLOPE, a-slõp', adj. or adv. on the SLOPE. ASMEAR, a-smēr', adj. smeared over: bedaubed. "I came into Smithfield, and the shameful place, being all asmear with filth, and fat, and blood, and foam, seemed to stick to me."-Dickens. ASP, asp, ASPIC, asp'ik, n. a very venomous serpent. [Fr.-L. and Gr. aspis.] ASPARAGUS, as-par'a-gus, n. garden vegetable. [L.-Gr. asparagos.] ASPECT, as'pekt, n. look: view: appearance position in relation to the points of the compass: the situation of one planet with respect to another, as seen from the earth. [L. aspectus-ad, at, specio, to look.]

ASPEN, asp'en, n. the trembling poplar.— adj. made of, or like the aspen. [A.S. asp, Ger. äspe.] ASPERITY, as-per'i-ti, n., roughness: harshness. [Fr.-L. asperitas-asper,

rough.]

ASPERSE, as-pers', v.t. to slander or calumniate. [L. aspergo, -spersum—ad, to, on, spargo, to scatter.] ASPERSION, as-per'shun, n. calumny : slander.

ASPHALT, as-falt', ASPHALTUM, asfalt'um, n. a hard, bituminous substance, anciently used as a cement, and now for paving, etc.. -adj. ASPHALT'IC. [Gr. asphaltos, an Eastern word.] ASPHODEL, as'fo-del, n. a kind of lily. [See DAFFODIL.]

ASPHYXIA, a-sfiks'i-a, n. (lit.) suspended animation, suffocation.-adj. ASPHYX'IATED. [Gr., a stopping of the pulse-a, neg., sphyzo, to throb.]

ASPIRANT, as-pir'ant, n. one who aspires: a candidate.

ASPIRATE, as'pir-at, v.t. to pronounce with a full breathing, as the letter h in house.-n. a mark of aspiration ('): an aspirated letter.-n. ASPIRATION, as-pira'shun, n. pronunciation of a letter with a full breathing. [L. ad, and spiro, to breathe.]

ASPIRE, as-pir', v.i. to desire eagerly: to aim at high things.-adj. ASPIR'ING.adv. ASPIR'INGLY.-ASPIRATION, n. eager desire. [L. aspiro, -atum-ad, to, spiro, to breathe.]

ASQUAT, a-skwot', adv. in a squat or hud dled up manner: coweringly. "Sitting asquat between my mother and sister." -Richardson.

ASQUINT, a-skwint', adv. towards the corner of the eye: obliquely. [Pfx. a. on, and SQUINT.]

ASS, as, n. a well-known quadruped of the horse family: (fig.) a dull, stupid fellow. [A.S. assa. The word, orig. perhaps Semitic, has spread into all the Eur. lang. ; it is a dim. in all but Eng.-L. as-inus, Ger. es-el.]

ASSAFETIDA, same as ASAFETIDA. ASSAIL, as-sal', v.t. to assault: to attack. -adj. ASSAIL'ABLE. [Fr. assaillir, L. assilire-ad, upon, and salio, to leap.]

ASSAILANT

ASSAILANT, as-sāl'ant, n. one who assails or attacks.

ASSASSIN, as-sas'sin, n. one who kills by surprise or secretly. [Fr.-Ar. hashishin, the followers of an Eastern robber-chief, who fortified themselves for their adventures by hashish, an intoxicating drink made from hemp.] ASSASSINATE, as-sas'sin-at, v.t. to murder by surprise or secret assault. ASSASSINATION, as-sas-sin-a'shun, n. secret murder.

ASSAULT, as-sawlt', n. a sudden attack: a storming, as of a town.-v.t. to make an assault or attack upon. [Fr. assaut, O. Fr. asalt-L. ad, upon, saltus, a leap. See ASSAIL.]

ASSAY, as-sa', v.t., to examine or weigh accurately to determine the amount of metal in an ore or alloy.-v.i. to attempt: to essay. -n. the determination of the quantity of metal in an ore or alloy the thing tested. [See ESSAY.] ASSEGAI, as'se-ga, n. a spear or javelin used by the Kaffirs of S. Africa. [Sp. azagaya-Ar. al-khaziq.] ASSEMBLAGE, as-sem'blaj, n. a collection of persons or things.

ASSEMBLE, as-sem'bl, v.t. to call or bring to the same place, or together: to collect. -v.i. to meet together. [Fr. assembler, Low Lat. assimulare-L. ad, to, simul, together, at the same time; Gr. homos, A.S. sam, same; Sans. sam, together.] ASSEMBLY, as-sem'bli, n. a collection of individuals assembled in the same place for any purpose.

ASSENT, as-sent', v.i., to think with: agree. -n. an agreeing or acquiescence: compliance. - adv. ASSENT INGLY. [L.-ad, to, sentio, to think.]

ASSERT, as-sert', v.t. to declare strongly : to affirm. [L. assero, assertum, to lay hold of, declare-ad, to, sero, to join, knit.]

ASSERTION, as-ser'shun, n. affirmation. ASSESS, as-ses', v.t. to fix the amount of,

as a tax to tax: to fix the value or profits of, for taxation: to estimate.adj. ASSESS'ABLE. [Fr. asseoir-L. assidere, assessum, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court (in Low L. to set, fix a tax), from ad, to, sedeo, to sit.]

ASSESSMENT, as-ses'ment, n. act of assessing: a valuation for the purpose of taxation: a tax.

ASSESSOR, as-ses'or, n. a legal adviser who sits beside a magistrate.-adj. ASSESSORIAL, as-ses-o'ri-al. [See ASSESS.] ASSETS, as'sets, n.pl. the property of a deceased or insolvent person, considered as chargeable for all debts, etc.: the entire property of all sorts belonging to a merchant or to a trading association. [M.E. aseth, Fr. assez, enough-L. ad, to, satis, enough.]

ASSEVERATE, as-sev'er-at, v.t. to declare seriously or solemnly.-n. ASSEVERA'TION. [L. assevero, -atum-ad, to, severus, serious. See SEVERE.]

ASSEVERATORY, as-sev'er-a-to-ri, adj. | of the nature of an asseveration: solemnly or positively affirming or averring "After divers warm and asseveratory answers made by Mr. Atkins, the captain stopped short in his walk."Roger North.

ASSIBILATION, a-sib'i-la'shon, n. the act of making sibilant: specifically, in philol. the assimilation of a dental or guttural consonant with a following i-sound, as in the word nation, in which in pronunciation the ti is assibilated. ASSIDUITY, as-sid-ū'i-ti, n. constant application or diligence. [L. assiduitasassiduus. See ASSIDUOUS.] ASSIDUOUS, as-sid'u-us, adj. constant or

22

unwearied in application: diligent.—adv. ASSID'UOUSLY.-n. ASSID'UOUSNESS. [L. assiduus, sitting close at-ad, to, at, sedeo, to sit.]

ASSIGN, as-sin', v.t., to sign or mark out to one: to allot to appoint: to allege: to transfer.-n. one to whom any property or right is made over.-ASSIGNABLE, assin'a-bl, adj. that may be assigned. [Fr. assigner-L. assignare, to mark out-ad, to, signum, a mark or sign.] ASSIGNATION, as-sig-na'shun, n. an appointment to meet, used chiefly of loveappointments: the making over of anything to another.

ASSIGNEE, as-sin-e', n. one to whom any right or property is assigned :—pl. the trustees of a sequestrated estate. ASSIGNMENT, as-sin'ment, n. act of assigning anything assigned: the writing by which a transfer is made. ASSIMILATE, as-sim'il-āt, v.t., to make

similar or like to: to convert into a like substance, as food in our bodies.-n. AsSIMILATION. [L. assimilo, -atum―ad, to, similis, like.]

ASSIMILATIVE, as-sim'il-at-iv, adj. having the power or tendency to assimilate. ASSIST, as-sist', v.t. to help. [L. assisto, to stand by-ad, to, sisto, Gr. histēmi, to make to stand.]

ASSISTANCE, as-sist'ans, n. help: relief. ASSISTANT, as-sist'ant, adj. helping or lending aid.-n. one who assists: а helper.

ASSIZE, as-sīz', v.t., to assess: to set or fix the quantity or price.-n. a statute settling the weight, measure, or price of anything:—pl. the sessions or sittings of a court held in English and Canadian counties twice a year, at which causes are tried by a judge and jury. [O. Fr. assise, an assembly of judges, a set rate -asseoir-L. assideo.]

ASSIZER, as-sīz'er, n. an officer who inspects weights and measures. ASSOCIATE, as-sō'shi-āt, v.t. to join with, as a friend, or partner: to unite in the same body.-v.i. to keep company with: to combine or unite. [L. associo-ad, to, socius, a companion.]

ASSOCIATE, as-so'shi-at, adj. joined or connected with.-n. one joined or connected with another: a companion, friend, partner, or ally. ASSOCIATION, as-so-shi-a'shun, n., act of associating: union or combination: a society of persons joined together to promote some object.

ASSOILZIE, as-soil'ye, v. to free one accused from a charge: a Scotch law term, the same as the archaic assoil, to absolve from sin, discharge, pardon. [Through Fr. from L. absolvere.] ASSONANCE, as'son-ans, n. a correspondence in sound: in Sp. and Port. poetry, a kind of rhyme, consisting in the coincidence of the vowels of the corresponding syllables, without regard to the consonants. [L. ad, to, sonans, sounding.] ASSONANT, as'son-ant, adj. resembling in sound.

ASSORT, as-sort', v.t. to separate into classes to arrange.-v.i. to agree or be in accordance with. [Fr. assortir—L. ad, to, sors, a lot.]

ASSORTMENT, as-sort ment, n. act of assorting quantity or number of things assorted variety.

ASSUAGE, as-swaj', v.t. to soften, mitigate, or allay.-v.i. to abate or subside. [O. Fr., formed as if from a L. assuaviare-suavis, mild.]

ASSUAGEMENT, as-swāj'ment, n. abatement: mitigation. ASSUASIVE, as-swa'siv, adj. softening, mild. [See SUASIVE.]

ASTRINGENT

ASSUME, as-süm', v.t. to take upon one's self: to take for granted: to arrogate : to pretend to possess.-v.i. to claim unduly to be arrogant. [L.-ad, to, sumo, sumptum, to take.]

ASSUMING, as-sum'ing, adj. haughty: arrogant. ASSUMPTION, as-sum'shun, n. act of assuming: a supposition. [L. See AsSUME.] ASSURANCE, ash-shōōr'ans, n. confidence feeling of certainty: impudence: positive declaration: insurance, as applied to lives.

ASSURE, ash-shōōr', v.t. to make sure or secure: to give confidence: to tell positively to insure. [Fr. assurer-ad, and sûr, sure. See SURE.] ASSURED, ash-shōōrd', adj. certain : without doubt: insured: overbold. - adv. ASSUR'EDLY.-n. ASSUR'EDNESS. ASSYRIOLOGIST, as-sir'i-ol'o-jist, n. one skilled in or well acquainted with the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria.

ASTER, as'ter, n. a genus of plants with compound flowers, like little stars. [Gr. aster, a star.]

ASTERISK, as'ter-isk, n. a star, used in printing, thus: in the Greek Ch. an appliance in the form of a star or cross, with the ends bent to serve as supports, placed during the liturgy over the paten so as to keep the cover of the latter from touching the sacred bread. [Gr. asteriskos, dim. of aster, a star.] ASTERN, a-stern', adv. on the stern: to

wards the hinder part of a ship: behind. [See STERN, n.]

ASTEROID, as'ter-oid, n. one of the minor planets revolving between Mars and Jupiter.-adj. ASTEROID'AL. [Gr. astēr, a star, eidos, form.]

ASTHMA, ast'ma, n. a chronic disorder of the organs of respiration. [Gr. - aō, aēmi, to breathe hard.] ASTHMATIC, -AL, ast-mat'ik, -al, adj. pertaining to or affected by asthma. ASTONIED, as-ton'id, pa.p. of obs. v. Astony.

ASTONISH, as-ton'ish, v.t. to impress with sudden surprise or wonder: to amaze : [M. E. astonien, due to a confusion of A.S. stunian (see STUN) and O. Fr. estonner (Fr. étonner)-Low L. extonare, -L. ex, out, tonare, to thunder.] ASTONISHING, as-ton'ish-ing, adj. very wonderful: amazing. -adv. ASTON'ISH

INGLY.

ASTONISHMENT, as-ton'ish-ment, n. amazement: wonder.

ASTOUND, as-townd', v.t. to amaze. [M.E. astonien; a doublet of ASTONISH.] ASTRAGAL, as'tra-gal, n. (arch.) a small semicircular molding or bead encircling a column: a round molding near the mouth of a cannon. [Gr. astragalos, one of the vertebræ, a molding.] ASTRAKHAN, as'tra-kan, n. a name given to sheep-skins with a curled woolly surface obtained from a variety of sheep found in Bokhara, Persia and Syria: also, a rough fabric with a pile in imitation of this. ASTRAL, as'tral, adj. belonging to the stars: starry. [L. astrum, a star; conn. with STAR.]

ASTRAY, a-stra', adv. out of the right way. [Prefix a, on, and STRAY.] ASTRICTION, as-trik'shun, n. a binding or contraction. [L. See ASTRINGENT.] ASTRIDE, a-strid', adv. with the legs apart, or across. [Pfx. a, on, and STRIDE.]

ASTRINGENT, as-trinj'ent, adj., binding: contracting: strengthening :-n. a medicine that causes contraction.-adv. As

ASTROGENY

TRING'ENTLY.-n. ASTRING'ENCY. [L. astringo-ad, to, stringo, to bind.] ASTROGENY, as-troj'e-ni, n. the creation or evolution of the celestial bodies. H. Spencer. [Gr. astron, a star, and gennaō, to produce.]

ASTROLABE, as'trō-lab, n. an instrument for measuring the altitudes of the sun or stars at sea, now superseded by Hadley's quadrant and sextant.

star, lab, lambano, I take. Gr. astron, a

ASTROLOGER, as-trol'o-jer, n. one versed in astrology.

ASTROLOGUE, as'tro-log, n. an astrologer. Tom D'Urfey.

ASTROLOGY, as-trol'o-ji, n. the infant stage of the science of the stars (now called Astronomy): it was occupied chiefly in foretelling events from the positions of the heavenly bodies.-adj. ASTROLOG'IC, -AL.-adv. ASTROLOGʻICALLY. [Gr. astrologia-astron, star, logos, knowledge.]

ASTRONOMER, as-tron'o-mer, n. one versed in astronomy.

ASTRONOMY, as-tron'om-i, n. the laws or science of the stars or heavenly bodies.— adj. ASTRONOM'IC.-adv. ASTRONOM'ICALLY. [Gr. astronomia-astron, star, nomos, a law.] ASTUCIOUS, as-tu'shus, adj. designing: subtle astute. "Louis like all astucious persons, was as desirous of looking into the hearts of others as of concealing his own."-Sir W. Scott. ASTUCITY, as-tu'si-ti, n. the quality of being astute: astuteness. "With astucity, with swiftness, with audacity."Carlyle.

ASTUTE, ast-ut', adj., crafty: cunning: shrewd sagacious.-adv. ASTUTE'LY.N. ASTUTE'NESS. [L. astutus-astus, craft, akin perhaps to ACUTE.] ASUNDER, a-sun'der, adv. apart: into parts: separately. [Pfx. a = on, and SUNDER.]

ASURA, as'u-ra or a-su'ra, n. in Hind. myth, one of the demons born from the thigh of Brahma while the quality of darkness pervaded his body. Asura is a general name for all the giants and demons who composed the enemies of the gods and the inhabitants of Pátála; and a special designation for a class of these of the first order. Garrett. ASYLUM, a-sil'um, n. a place of refuge for debtors and for such as were accused of some crime: an institution for the care or relief of the unfortunate, such as the blind or insane: any place of refuge or protection. [L.-Gr. asylon—a, priv., syle, right of seizure.]

ASYMPTOTE, a'sim-tōt, n. (math.) a line

that continually approaches nearer to some curve without ever meeting it.adj. ASYMPTOT'ICAL. [Gr. asymptotos, not coinciding-a, not, syn, with, ptotos, apt to fall-piptō, to fall.] AT, at, prep. denoting presence, nearness,

or relation. [A.S. at; cog. with Goth. and Ice. at, L. ad; Sans. adhi, on.] ATAVISM, at'av-izm, n. the recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a later generation. [L, atavus-avus, a grandfather.]

ATE, at or et, did eat, pa.t. of EAT. ATHANASIAN, ath-a-näz'yan, adj. relating to Athanasius, or to the creed attributed to him.

ATHEISM, a'the-izm, n. disbelief in the existence of God. [Fr. athéisme—Gr. a, priv., and theos, God.]

ATHEIST, a'the-ist, n. one who disbelieves in the existence of God. ATHEISTIC, -AL, a-the-ist'ik, -al, adj. relating to or containing atheism.-adv. ATHEISTICALLY.

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ATHENÆUM, ATHENEUM, ath-e-ne'um, n. a temple of Athena or Minerva at Athens, in which scholars and poets read their works: a public institution for lectures, reading, etc. [Gr. Athenaion-Athena or Athene, the goddess Minerva.]

ATHENIAN, a-the'ni-an, adj., relating to Athens, the capital of Greece.-n. a native of Athens. ATHERMANCY, a-ther'man-si, n. the power or property of absorbing radiant heat corresponding to opacity in the case of light; as, the athermancy of olefiant gas and of other compound gases. Prof. Tyndall. [Gr. a, priv., and thermaino, I heat.]

ATHIRST, a-therst', adj., thirsty: eager for. [A.S. of, very, and THIRST.] ATHLETE, ath'lēt, n., a contender for victory in feats of strength: one vigorous in body or mind. [Gr. athlētēs—athlos, contest.]

ATHLETIC, ath-let'ik, adj. relating to athletics strong, vigorous.

ATHLETICS, ath-let'iks, n. the art of wrestling, running, etc.: athletic exercises.

ATHROB, a-throb', adj. or adv. throbbing: in a throbbing or palpitating state or manner. E. B. Browning. ATHWART, a-thwawrt', prep. across.adv. sidewise: wrongly: perplexingly. [Prefix a, on, and THWART.]

ATLANTEAN, at-lan-te'an, adj., relating to, or like Atlas: strong: gigantic. [See ATLAS.]

ATLANTES, at-lan'tēz, n.pl., figures of men used instead of columns. [From ATLAS.]

ATLANTIC, at-lan'tik, adj. pertaining to Atlas, or to the Atlantic Ocean.-n. the ocean between Europe, Africa, and America. [From Mount Atlas, in the northwest of Africa.]

ATLAS, at'las, n. a collection of maps. [Gr. Atlas (the bearer), a god who bore the world on his shoulders, and whose figure used to be given on the title-page of atlases-prob. from a (euphonic), and tlaō, to bear.]

ATMOSPHERE, at'mo-sfer, n. the air that surrounds the earth: (fig.) any surrounding influence. [Gr. atmos, air, sphaira, a sphere.]

ATMOSPHERIC, -AL, at-mo-sfer'ik, -al, adj. of or depending on the atmosphere. ATOLE, a'tōl, n. Indian corn gruel. [Sp.] ATOM, at'om, n. a particle of matter so small that it cannot be cut or divided: anything very small. — adjs. ATOMIC, a-tom'ik, ATOMICAL, a-tom'ik-al. atomos-a, not, temno, to cut.] ATOMISM, at'om-izm, n. the doctrine that atoms arranged themselves into the uni

verse.

[Gr.

ATOMIST, at'om-ist, n., one who believes in atomism.

ATONE, at-ōn', v.i. (with for) to give satisfaction or make reparation.-v.t. to expiate. [At and one, as if to set at one, reconcile; the old pronunciation of one is here preserved, as in only.] ATONEMENT, at-ōn'ment, n. the act of atoning: reconciliation: expiation: reparation.

ATRABILIARY, at-ra-bil'yar-i, adj. of a melancholy temperament: hypochondriac. [L. ater, atra, black, bilis, gall, bile. See BILE.] ATROCIOUS, a-tro'shus, adj. extremely cruel or wicked: heinous.-adv. ATRO'CIOUSLY.-N. ATRO'CIOUSNESS. [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel.]

ATROCITY, a-tros'i-ti, n. shocking wickedness or cruelty.

ATROPHY, a'trof-i, n. a wasting away

ATTESTATION

from want of nourishment owing to some defect in the organs of nutrition. [Gr. a, priv., and trophe, nourishment. ATTACH, at-tach', v.t. to bind or fasten : to seize to gain over. [Fr. attacher, from à (-L. ad) and TACK.] ATTACHABLE, at-tach'a-bl, adj. that may be attached.

ATTACHÉ, at-tash-a', n. a young diplo matist attached to the suite of an ambassador. [Fr.]

ATTACHMENT, at-tach'ment, n. a bond of fidelity or affection: the seizure of any one's goods or person by virtue of a legal process.

ATTACK, at-tak', v.t. to fall upon violently to assault: to assail with unfriendly words or writing.-n. an assault or onset: severe criticism or calumny. [Fr. attaquer. See ATTACH, of which it is a doubtlet.]

ATTAIN, at-tan', v.t. to reach or gain by effort to obtain.-v.i. to come or arrive: to reach. [Fr. atteindre-L. attingo, -ere -ad, to, tango, to touch.] ATTAINABILITY, at-tan-a-bil'i-ti, n. state of being attainable.

ATTAINABLE, at-tān'a-bl, adj. that may be reached.- -n. ATTAIN'ABLENESS. ATTAINDER, at-tān'der, n. act of attainting: (law) loss of civil rights through conviction for high treason. [Fr. atteindre, to come to, reach; O. Fr. attaindre, to convict, from L. attingo. See ATTAIN.]

:

ATTAINMENT, at-tan'ment, n. act of attaining the thing attained: acquisition. ATTAINT, at-tānt', v.t. to convict: to deprive of rights for being convicted of treason. [See ATTAINDER, ATTAIN.] ATTAR OF ROSES. See OTTO. ATTEMPER, at-tem'per, v.t. to mix in due proportion to modify or moderate: to adapt. [L. attempero-ad, to, and tempero. See TEMPER.]

en

ATTEMPT, at-temt', v.t., to try or deavor to make an effort or attack upon.-v.i. to make an attempt or trial. n. a trial: endeavor or effort. [Fr. attenter-L. attento-ad, and tempto, tento, to try-tendo, to stretch.] ATTEND, at-tend', v.t. to give heed to: to wait on or accompany to be present at : to wait for.-v.i. to yield attention: to wait. [L. attendo-ad, to, tendo, to stretch.j

ATTENDANCE, at-tend'ans, n. act of attending presence: the persons attending. ATTENDANT, at-tend'ant, adj. giving attendance: accompanying.-n. one who attends or accompanies: a servant : what accompanies or follows. ATTENT, at-tent', adj. (B.) giving attention.

ATTENTION, at-ten'shun, n. act of attending steady application of the mind: heed care. [L. attentio-attendo. See ATTEND.]

ATTENTIVE, at-tent'iv, adj. full of attention: mindful.-adv. ATTENTIVELY.--N.

ATTENTIVENESS.

ATTENUATE, at-ten'ū-āt, v.t., to make thin or lean: to break down into finer parts.-v.i. to become thin or fine: to grow less. [L. attenuo, -atum-ad, to, tenuis, thin.]

ATTENUATE, at-ten'ū-āt, ATTENUATED. at-ten'ū-āt-ed, adj. made thin or slender: made less viscid.-n. ATTENUATION, atten-u-a'shun.

ATTEST, at-test', v.t., to testify or bear witness to: to affirm: to give proof of, to manifest. [L. attestor-ad, to, testis, a witness.]

ATTESTATION, at-test-a'shun, n. act of attesting.

ATTIC

ATTIC, at'ik, adj., pertaining to Attica or to Athens: chaste, elegant.-n. ATTICISM, a chaste, elegant expression. [L. atticus-Gr.]

ATTIC, at'ik, n. (arch.) a low story above the cornice that terminates the main part of an elevation: a sky-lighted room in the roof of a house. [Ety. dub.] ATTIRE, at-tir', v.t. to dress, array, or adorn to prepare. -n. dress: ornamental dress: (B.) a woman's head-dress. [O. Fr. atirer, from a-ad, and a Teut. root found in Ger. zier, ornament, A.S. tir, splendor. See TIRE, dress.] ATTITUDE, at'ti-tud, n. posture or position: gesture.-adj. ATTITUD'INAL. [Fr., from It. attitudine, a fit position-L. aptitudo-aptus, fit.] ATTITUDINIZE, at-ti-tūd'in-īz, v.i. to assume affected attitudes. ATTORNEY, at-tur'ni, n. one legally authorized to act for another: one legally qualified to manage cases in a court of law a solicitor: a solicitor or attorney prepares cases and does general law business, while a barrister pleads before the courts-pl. ATTORNEYS.- -n. ATTORNEYSHIP, at-tur'ni-ship. [O. Fr. atorné, Low L. attornatus-atorno, to commit business to another-L. ad, to, and torno, to turn.]

ATTORNEY-GENERAL, at-tur'nijen'er-al, n. in England, the chief lawofficer of the crown, whose duty it is to manage cases in which the crown is interested in the United States, one of the President's Cabinet, who is the legal adviser of the Government, and must represent the United States in all suits brought against it. The individual States have an officer with similar duties. ATTRACT, at-trakt', v.t., to draw to or cause to approach: to allure: to entice. [L. attraho, attractus-ad, to, traho, to draw.]

ATTRACTABLE, at-trakt'a-bl, adj., that may be attracted.-n. ATTRACTABIL'ITY. ATTRACTION, at-trak'shun, n., act of attracting: the force which draws or tends to draw bodies or their particles to each other that which attracts. ATTRACTIVE, at-trakt'iv, adj., having the power of attracting: alluring. — advs. ATTRACTIVELY, ATTRACT'INGLY.-N. ATTRACTIVENESS.

ATTRACTIVITY, at-trak-tiv'i-ti, n. attractive power or influence. ATTRIBUTE, at-trib'ut, v.t. to ascribe: assign, or consider as belonging.-adj. ATTRIBUTABLE. [L. attribuo, -tributum -ad, to, tribuo, to give.] ATTRIBUTE, at'trib-ut, n. that which is attributed: that which is inherent in: that which can be predicated of anything: a quality or property. ATTRIBUTION, at-trib-u'shun, n. act of attributing that which is attributed: commendation.

ATTRIBUTIVE, at-trib'ūt-iv, adj. expressing an attribute..-n. a word denoting an attribute.

ATTRIST, a-trist', v.t. to grieve: to sadden. "How then could I write when it was impossible but to attrist you! when I could speak of nothing but unparalleled horrors."-H. Walpole. [Prefix at for ad, and L. tristis, sad.] ATTRITION, at-trish'un, n. the rubbing

of one thing against another: a wearing by friction. [L. ad, and tero, tritum, to rub.]

ATTUNE, at-tūn', v.t., to put in tune: to make one sound accord with another: to arrange fitly. [L. ad, to, and TUNE.] AUBADE, o-bäd, n. open-air music performed at daybreak, generally at the door, or under the window, of the person

24

whom it is intended to honor. [Fr.] Distinguished from SERENADE (which see). Longfellow. AUBURN, aw'burn, adj. reddish brown. [The old meaning was a light yellow, or lightish hue; Low L. alburnus, whitish -L. albus, white.] AUCTION, awk'shun, n. a public sale in which one bidder increases the price on another, and the articles go to him who bids highest. [L. auctio, an increasing-augeo, auctum, to increase.] AUCTIONEER, awk-shun-er', one who is licensed to sell by auction. AUDACIOUS, aw-dā'shus, adj., daring: bold impudent.-adv. AUDA'CIOUSLY.— ns. AUDACIOUSNESS, AUDACITY, aw-das'iti. [Fr. audacieux-L. audax-audeo, to dare.]

:

AUDIBLE, awd'i-bl, adj., able to be heard. -adv. ÁUD'IBLY.—n. AUD'IBLENESS [L. audibilis-audio, to hear, conn. with Gr. ous, ōtos, the ear.] AUDIENCE, awd'i-ens, n. the act of hearing admittance to a hearing an assembly of hearers. AUDIENT, aw'di-ent, adj. playing the part of a hearer: listening. E. B. Browning. [L. audiens, hearing. See AUDIAUDIOMETER, aw-di-om'et-er, n. an instrument, among the constituted parts of which are an induction-coil, a microphone key, and a telephone, devised to measure with precision the sense of hearing. [L. audio, to hear, and Gr. metron, measure.]

ENCE.

AUDIOMETRIC, aw'di-o-met'rik, adj. of or pertaining to audiometry. AUDIOMETRY, aw-di-om'et-ri, n. the testing of the sense of hearing, especially by

means of the audiometer. AUDIPHONE, aw'di-fōn, n. an acoustic instrument by means of which deaf persons are enabled to hear, and even deafmutes can be taught to hear and to speak. The essential part of the instrument is a fan-shaped plate of hardened caoutchouc which is very sensitive to the influence of sound waves. The sufferer from deafness holds the instrument in his hand and touches the top-edge against his upper teeth; and the sounds are collected and conveyed by the teeth to the auditory nerve without having to pass through the external ear. [L. audio, to hear, and Gr. phone, a sound.] AUDIT, awd'it, n. an examination of accounts by one or more duly authorized persons.-v.t. to examine and adjust. [L. auditus, a hearing-audio, to hear. See AUDIBLE.]

AUDITOR, awd'it-or, n., a hearer: one who audits accounts.-n. AUD'ITORSHIP. AUDITORIUM, awd-it-or'i-um, n. in an opera-house, public hall, or the like, the space allotted to the hearers. AUDITORY, awd'it-or-i, adj. relating to the sense of hearing.-n. an audience: a place where lectures, etc., are heard. AUGEAN, aw-je'an, adj. filthy: difficult. [From Augeas, a fabled king of Elis in Greece, whose stalls, containing 3,000 cattle, and uncleaned for 30 years, were cleaned by Hercules in one day.] AUGER, aw'ger, n. a carpenter's tool used for boring holes in wood. [A corr. of nauger, A.S. nafegar-nafu, a nave of a wheel, gar, a piercer. See NAVE (of a wheel), GORE, a triangular piece.] AUGHT, awt, n. a whit: ought: anything: a part. [A.S. awiht-a, short for an, one, and wiht, a wight, a thing.] AUGMENT, awg-ment', v.t. to increase: to make larger.-v.i. to grow larger. [L. augmentum, increase-augeo, to increase, Gr. auxanō.]

AUROCHS

AUGMENT, awg'ment, n. increase: (gram.) a prefix to a word. AUGMENTATION, awg-ment-ā'shun, n. increase: addition. AUGMENTATIVE, awg-ment'at-iv, adj. having the quality or power of augmenting. n. (gram.) a word formed from another to express increase of its meaning. AUGUR, aw'gur, n. among the Romans, one who foretold events by observing the flight and the cries of birds: diviner: a soothsayer.-v.t. to foretell from signs.-v.i. to guess or conjecture. [L., prob. from avis, bird, and root gar, in L. garrire, to chatter, Sans. gir, speech.]

a

AUGURY, aw'gūr-i, n. the art or practice of auguring an omen.-adj. AUGURAL, aw'gur-al. [L. augurium-augur.] AUGUST, aw-gust', adj. venerable: imposing majestic.-adv. AUGUST'LY.—n. AUGUST'NESS. [L. augustus-augeo, to increase, honor.]

AUGUST, aw'gust, n. the eighth month of the year, so called after Cæsar Augustus, one of the Roman emperors. AUGUSTAN, aw-gust'an, adj. pertaining to Augustus (nephew of Julius Cæsar, and one of the greatest Roman emperors) or to the time in which he lived: classic refined. AUGUSTINE, aw-gust'in, AUGUSTINIAN, aw-gus-tin'i-an, n. one of an order of monks, so called from St. Augustine. AUK, awk, n. a web-footed sea-bird, found in the Northern Seas. [Low L. alca, Ice. alka.]

AULIC, awl'ik, adj. pertaining to a royal court. [L. aulicus-aula, Gr. aulē, a AUNT, ant, n. a father's or a mother's royal court.] sister. [O. Fr. ante-L. amita, a father's sister.]

AURELIA, awr-ēl'ya, n. the chrysalis of an insect, from its golden color. [L. aurum, gold.]

AUREOLA, awr-ē'o-la, AUREOLE, awr'eōl, n., the gold-colored light or halo with which painters surround the head of Christ and the saints. [L. aureolus, dim. of aureus, golden.]

AURICLE, awr'i-kl, n. the external ear :pl. the two ear-like cavities of the heart. L. auricula, dim. of auris, the ear.] AURICOMOUS, awr'ik-o-mus, adj. 1, having golden hair: 2, applied to a preparation which gives a golden hue to the hair. Lord Lytton. [L. aurum, gold, and coma, hair.]

AURICULA, awr-ik'ül-a, n. a species of primrose, also called bear's-ear, from the shape of its leaf. AURICULAR, awr-ik'ül-ar, adj., pertaining to the ear: known by hearing, or by report.-AURICULAR CONFESSION, secret, told in the ear.-adv. AURICULARLY. [See AURICLE.] AURICULATE, awr-ik'ül-at, adj., earshaped. [Low L. auriculatus-L. auricula.]

AURIFEROUS, awr-if'er-us, adj., bearing or yielding gold. [L. aurifer-aurum, gold, fero, to bear.] AURIFIC, awr-if'ik, adj. capable of transmuting substances into gold: gold-making. "Some experiments made with an aurific powder."-Southey. [L. aurum, gold, and facio, to make.]. AURIFORM, awr'i-form, adj., ear-shaped. [L. auris, ear, and FORM.] AURIST, awr'ist, n. one skilled in diseases of the ear.

AUROCHS, awr'oks, n. the European bison or wild ox. [Ger. auerochs, O. Ger. urohso-Ger. ur (L. urus, Gr. ouros), a kind of wild ox, and ochs, ox.]