Page images
PDF
EPUB

IRRETENTION

IRRETENTION, ir-re-ten'shun, n. the state or quality of being irretentive want of retaining power. "From irretention of memory he (Kant) could not recollect the letters which composed his name."De Quincey.

IRRETRIEVABLE, ir-re-trēv'a-bl, adj. not to be recovered or repaired.-adv. IRRETRIEVABLY. -n. IRRETRIEVABLENESS. [Fr.-L. in, not, and RETRIEVABLE.] IRREVERENCE, ir-rev'er-ens, n. want of reverence or veneration: want of due regard for the character and authority of the Supreme Being. IRREVERENT, ir-rev'er-ent, adj. not reverent proceeding from irreverence.— adv. IRREV'ERENTLY. [Fr.-L. in, not, and REVERENT.] IRREVERSIBLE, ir-re-vers'i-bl, adj. not reversible that cannot be recalled or annulled.-adv. IRREVERS'IBLY.—n. IRREVERS'IBLENESS. [L. in, not, and REVERSIBLE.] IRREVOCABLE, ir-rev'o-ka-bl, adj. that cannot be recalled.-adv. IRREVOCABLY. -n. IRREVOCABLENESS. [Fr.-L. in, not, and REVOCABLE.] IRRIGATE, ir'i-gāt, v.t. to water: to wet or moisten to cause water to flow upon. [L. irrigo, -atum-in, upon, rigo, to wet; akin to Ger. regen, E. rain.] IRRIGATION, ir-i-ga'shun, n. act of watering, esp. of watering lands artificially; as is done in the Great Basin of this country, by means of canals. IRRIGUOUS, ir-rig'ū-us, adj., watered: wet moist. :

IRRISION, ir-rizh'un, n. act of laughing

at another. [Fr.-L. irrisio-in, against, rideo, risum, to laugh.]

IRRISORY, ir-ri'zo-ri, adj. addicted to laughing or sneering at others. "I wish that, even there, you had been less irrisory, less of a pleader."—Landor. [L. irrisorius. See IRRISION.] IRRITABILITY, ir-i-ta-bil'i-ti, n. the quality of being easily irritated: the peculiar susceptibility to stimuli possessed by the living tissues.

IRRITABLE, ir'i-ta-bl, adj. that may be irritated: easily provoked: (med.) susceptible of excitement or irritation.-adv. IRR'ITABLY.-n. IRRITABLENESS. [L. irritabilis. See IRRITATE.] IRRITANT, ir'i-tant, adj., irritating.--n. that which causes irritation. [L. irritans, -antis, pr.p. of irrito.] IRRITATE, ir'i-tat, v.t. to make angry: to provoke to excite heat and redness in. [L. irrito, -atum, prob. freq. of irrio, to snarl, as a dog.]

IRRITATION, ir-i-ta'shun, n. act of irritating or exciting: excitement: (med.) a vitiated state of sensation or action. IRRITATIVE, ir'i-tat-iv, IRRITATORY, ir'i-ta-tor-i, adj. tending to irritate or excite accompanied with or caused by irritation.

IRRUPTION, ir-rup'shun, n. a breaking or bursting in a sudden invasion or incursion. [Fr.-L. irruptio-in, and rumpo, ruptum, to break.] IRRUPTIVE, ir-rupt'iv, adj., rushing suddenly in or upon.-adv. IRRUPTIVELY. IS, iz, third person sing. pres. of BE. [A.S. is; Ger. ist, L. est, Gr. esti, Sans. astias, to be.]

ISAGON, i'sa-gon, n. a figure having equal angles. [Fr. isagone - Gr. isos, equal, gonia, an angle.]

ISCHIADIC, isk-i-ad'ik, ISCHIATIC, isk-iat'ik, adj. relating to the region of the hip. [Fr.-L.-Gr., from is-chion, the hip-joint.]

ISINGLASS, I'zing-glas, n. a glutinous

substance, chiefly prepared from the airbladders of the sturgeon. [A corr. of

251

Dut. huizenblas-huizen, a kind of sturgeon, blas, a bladder; Ger. hausenblase. See BLADDER.]

ISLAM, iz'lam, ISLAMISM, iz'lam-izm, n. the Mohammedan religion.-adj. ISLAMIT'IC. [Lit. complete submission to the will of God, from Ar. islam-salama, to submit to God.]

ISLAND, I'land, n. land surrounded with water a large floating mass.

[M.E. iland, A.S. igland-ig, an island, and land, land; Dut. and Ger. eiland, Ice. eyland, Swed. and Dan. öland. A.S. igIce. ey, Swed. and Dan. ö, and is from a root which appears in A.S. ea, L. aqua, water, so that it orig. means water-land. The s in island is due to a confusion with isle, from L. insula.] ISLANDER, I'land-er, n. an inhabitant of an island.

ISLE, il, n. an island. [M. E. ile, yle—O. Fr. isle (Fr. ile)-L. insula, considered to be so called because lying in salo, in the main sea, L. salum being akin to Gr. salos, the main sea, while both are allied to E. swell, Ger. schwellen, and mean the "swelling" or "billowing," the high sea; Celt. innis, ennis, Scot. inch.]

ISLET, i'let, n. a little isle. ISOCHEIMAL, i-so-ki'mal, ISOCHEIMENAL, i-so-ki'men-al, adj. having the same mean winter temperature. [Lit. having equal winters, Gr. isos, equal, cheima, winter.] ISOCHROMATIC, i-so-krō-mat'ik, adj. (optics) having the same color. [Gr. isos, equal, and chroma, color. ISOCHRONAL, i-sok'ron-al, ISOCHRONOUS, I-sok'ron-us, adj. of equal time: performed in equal times. (Gr. isochronos -isos, equal, chronos, time.] ISOCHRONISM, i-sok'ron-izm, n. the quality of being isochronous or done in equal times.

ISOLATE, I'so-lat, is'o-lat, or iz'-, v.t. to place in a detached situation, like an island.-n. ISOLATION. [It. isolareisola-L. insula, an island.] ISOLATING, I'so-lat-ing, adj. in philol. applied to that class of languages in which each word is a simple, uninflected root: monosyllablic. A. H. Sayce. ISOMERIC, I-so-mer'ik, adj. applied to compounds which are made up of the same elements in the same proportions, but having different properties. -N. ISOM'ERISM. [Lit. having equal parts, Gr. isos, equal, meros, part.] ISOMETRIC, I-so-met'rik, ISOMETRICAL, i-so-met'rik-al, adj. having equality of measure. [Gr. isos, equal, metron, measure.]

ISOMORPHISM, I-so-morf'izm, n. the property of being isomorphous. ISOMORPHOUS, I-so-morf'us, adj. having the same crystalline form, but composed of different elements. [Gr. isos, equal, and morphe, form.]

ISONOMY, i-son'o-mi, n., equal law, rights, or privileges. [Gr. isonomiaisos, equal, nomos, law-nemō, to deal out, distribute.]

ISOPOLITY, i-so-pol'i-ti, n. equal rights of citizenship, as conferred by the people of one city on those of another. "Niebuhr. . . establishes the principle that the census comprehended all the confederate cities [in Ancient Rome] which had the right of isopolity."-Milman. [Gr. isos, equal, and politeia, government, from polis, a city.] ISOSCELES, I-sos'e-lez, adj. (geom.) having two equal sides, as a triangle. [Lit. having equal legs, Gr. isoskelés-isos, equal, skelos, a leg.]

ISOSEISMAL, i-sō-sis'mal, ISOSEISMIC, ī-sō-sīs’mik, adj. applied to lines of equal

ITCHY

seismal disturbance on the earth's surface. "It is generally possible after an earthquake to trace a zone of maximum disturbance, where the damage to the shaken country has been greatest. The line indicating this maximum is termed the meizoseismic curve, whilst lines along which the overthrow of objects may be regarded as practically the same are known as isoseismic curves."-Ency. Brit. [Gr. isos, equal, and seismos, a shaking, an earthquake, from seiō, to shake.

ISOTHERAL, i-soth'er-al, adj. having the same mean summer temperature. [Lit. having equal summers, Gr. isos, equal, theros, summer-therō, to be warm.] ISOTHERMAL, I-so-ther'mal, adj. having an equal degree of heat. [Fr. isotherme -Gr. isos, equal, therme, heat-thermos, hot.]

ISOTONIC, I-so-ton'ik, adj. having equal tones. [Gr. isos, equal, tonos, tone.] ISRAELITE, iz'ra-el-it, n. a descendant of Israel, or Jacob: a Jew. [Gr. Israelites -Israel, Heb. Yisrael, contender, soldier of God-sara, to fight, and El, God.] ISRAELITIC, iz-ra-el-it'ik, ISRAELITISH, iz'ra-el-it-ish, adj. pertaining to the Israelites or Jews.

ISSUE, ish'u, v.i. to go, flow, or come out : to proceed, as from a source: to spring: to be produced: (law) to come to a point in fact or law: to terminate.-v.t. to send out to put into circulation: to give out for use.-n. Iss'UER. [Fr. issue -O. Fr. issir, to go or flow out-L. exire -ex, out, ire, to go.]

ISSUE, ish'ū, n. a going or flowing out: act of sending out: that which flows or passes out fruit of the body, children : produce, profits: circulation, as of banknotes: publication, as of a book: a giv ing out for use: ultimate result, consequence: political question for discussion: (law) the question of fact submitted to a jury (med.) an ulcer produced artificially.

ISSUELESS, ish'ōō-les, adj. without issue : childless.

ISTHMUS, ist'mus, n. a neck of land connecting two larger portions of land. [L. -Gr. isthmos, a passage, an isthmus, allied to ithma, a step, from root of eimi, to go.]

IT, it, pron. the thing spoken of or referred to. [M.E. and A.S. hit, neut. of he; Ice. hit, Dut. het, Goth. ita; akin to L. id, Sans. i, pronominal root-here. The t is an old neuter suffix, as in tha-t, wha-t, and cognate with d in L. illu-d, istu-d, quo-d.]

ITALIAN, i-tal'yan, ITALIC, i-tal'ik, adj. of or relating to Italy or its people.-n. a native of Italy: the language of Italy. [It. Italiano, Italico-L. Italia-Gr. italos, a bull, L. vitulus, a calf.] ITALIANIZE, i-tal 'yan-iz, v.t. to make Italian.v.i. to play the Italian to speak Italian.

ITALICIZE, i-tal'i-sīz,v.t. to print in Italics. ITALICS, i-tal'iks, n.pl. a kind of types which slope to the right (as in the last four words), so called because first used by an Italian printer, Aldo Manuzio, about 1500.

ITCH, ich, n. an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: an eruptive disease in the skin, caused by a parasitic animal : a constant teasing desire.-v.i. to have an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin : to have a constant, teasing desire. [A.S. gictha, gicenes, an itching-giccan, to itch; Scot. youk, yuck, Ger. jücken, to itch.]

ITCHY, ich'i, adj. pertaining to or affected with itch.

ITEM

ITEM, I'tem, adv. (lit.) likewise: also.-n.

a separate article or particular.-v.t. to make a note of. [L.-id, that, akin to Sans. ittham, thus.]

ITERATE, it'er-āt, v.t. to do again: to repeat, in modern usage replaced by the verb reiterate.-n. ITERA'TION, repetition. [L. itero, -atum iterum (is, this, and comparative affix terum), beyond this, again; akin to Sans. itara, other.] ITERATIVE, it'er-at-iv, adj., repeating. [L. iterativus.] ITINERANT, I-tin'er-ant, adj., making journeys from place to place: travelling.-n. one who travels from place to place, esp. a preacher: a wanderer. adv. ITINERANTLY.-ns. ITINʼERACY, ITIN'ERANCY. [L. itinerans, -antis, part. of obs. v. itinero, to travel-L. iter, itineris, a journey-eo, itum, to go.] ITINERARY, I-tin'er-ar-i, adj., travelling: done on a journey.-n. a book of travels: a guide-book for travellers: a rough sketch and description of the country through which troops are to march. [L. itinerarius-iter.]

ITINERATE, I-tin'er-āt, v.i. to travel from place to place, esp. for the purpose of preaching or lecturing. [L. itinero-iter, itineris-eo, itum, to go.]

ITS, its, poss. pron., the possessive of IT. [The old form was his, its not being older than the end of the 16th century. Its does not occur in the English Bible of 1611 or in Spenser, rarely in Shakespeare, and is not common until the time of Dryden.]

ITSELF, it-self', pron. the neuter reciprocal pronoun, applied to things. [IT and SELF.] IVIED, IVYED, I'vid, ÏVY-MANTLED, I'vi-man'tld, adj. overgrown or mantled with ivy.

IVORY, I'vo-ri, n. the hard, white substance composing the tusks of the elephant and of the sea-horse.-adj. made of or resembling ivory. [O. Fr. ivurie, Fr. ivoire-L. ebur, eboris, ivory- -0. Egyptian ebou, Sans. ibha, an elephant.] IVORY-BLACK, I'vo-ri-blak, n. a black powder, orig. made from burnt ivory, but now from bone.

IVORY-NUT, I'vo-ri-nut, n. the nut of a species of palm, containing a substance like ivory. IVY, I'vi, a creeping evergreen plant on trees and walls. [A.S. ifig; O. Ger. ebah; prob. conn. with L. apium, parsley.]

J

JABBER, jab'er, v.i. to gabble or talk rapidly and indistinctly: to chatter.-v.t. to utter indistinctly:- - pr.p. jabb'ering; pa.p. jabb'ered. n. rapid indistinct speaking.-n. JABB'ERER. [From root of GABBLE.] JACINTH, jā-sinth, n. (B.) a precious stone, a red variety of zircon, now called hyacinth: a dark-purple color. [Contr. of HYACINTH.J

JACK, jak, n. used as a familiar name or diminutive of John; a saucy or paltry fellow a sailor: any instrument serving to supply the place of a boy or helper, as a bootjack for taking off boots, a contrivance for turning a spit, a screw for raising heavy weights: the male of some animals a young pike: a support to saw wood on a miner's wedge: a flag displayed from the bowsprit of a ship: a coat of mail. [Fr. Jacques, the most common name in France, hence used as a substitute for John, the most common name in England: but it is really

:

252

James or Jacob-L. Jacobus. See JACOBIN.]

JACK, JAK, jak, n. a tree of the E. Indies of the same genus as the bread-fruit

tree.

JACKAL, jak'awl, n. a wild, gregarious animal closely allied to the dog. [Pers. shaghal: Sans. crigala.] JACKANAPES, jak'a-naps, n. an impudent fellow: a coxcomb. [For Jack o' apes, being one who exhibited monkeys, with an n inserted to avoid the hiatus.] JACKASS, jak'as, n. the male of the ass [JACK the male, and

a blockhead. Ass.]

[ocr errors]

JACKBOOTS, jak'bōōts, n.pl. large boots reaching above the knee, to protect the leg, formerly worn by cavalry, and covered with plates of iron. [JACK - coat of mail, and BOOTS.] JACKDAW, jak'daw, n. a species of crow. JACKET, jak'et, n. a short coat. [O. Fr. [JACK and DAW.] jaquette, a jacket, or sleeveless coat, a JACKETED, jak'et-ed, adj. wearing a dim. of O. Fr. jaque, a coat of mail.] jacket.

JACKSCREW, jak'skrōō, n. a screw for raising heavy weights.[JACK and SCREW.] JACOBIN, jak'o-bin, n. one of an order of monks, so named from their orig. establishment in the Rue St. Jacques (St James's Street), Paris; one of a society of revolutionists in France, so called from their meeting in a Jacobin convent: a demagogue: a hooded pigeon. [Fr.-L. Jacobus, James-Gr. Jacobos-Heb. Ja'akob.]

JACOBINICAL, jak-o-bin'i-kal, adj. pertaining to the Jacobins or revolutionists of France: holding revolutionary principles. JACOBINISM, jak'o-bin-izm, n. the principles of the Jacobins or French revolutionists. JACOBITE, jak'o-bit, n. an adherent of James II. and his descendants.-adj. of or belonging to the Jacobites. — adj. | JACOBIT'ICAL.-N. JAC'OBITISM.

JACOB'S-LADDER,ja'kobs-lad'er,n.(naut.) a ladder made of ropes with wooden steps: a garden plant with large blue flowers. [From the LADDER which JACOB saw in his dream.]

JACQUERIE, zhak'e-rē, n. name given to the revolt of the French peasants in the 14th century. [From Jaques (Bonhomme), Jack (Goodfellow), a name applied in derision to the peasants.]

JADE, jād, n. a tired horse: a worthless nag: a woman-in contempt or irony.v.t. to tire: to harass. [Ety. dub.; Sc. yad, yaud.]

JADE, jād, n. a dark-green stone used for ornamental purposes. [Fr.-Sp. ijada, the flank-L. ilia. It was believed to cure pain of the side.]

JAG, jag, n. a notch: a ragged protuberance: (bot.) a cleft or division.-v.t. to cut into notches :-pr.p. jagg'ing; pa.p. jagged. [Celt. gag, a cleft.] JAGGED, jag'ed, adj., notched: roughedged.adv. JAGG'EDLY. -n. JAGGED

NESS.

JAGGER, jag'er, n. a brass wheel with a notched edge for cutting cakes, etc., into ornamental forms.

JAGGY, jag'i, adj., notched: set with teeth: uneven.

JAGUAR, jagʻū-är or jag-wär', n. a powerful beast of prey, allied to the leopard, found in South America. [Braz. janouara.]

JAH, jä, n. Jehovah. [Heb.]

JAIL, JAILER. Same as GAOL, GAOLER. JALAP, jal'ap, n. the purgative root of a plant first brought from Jalapa or Xalapa, in Mexico.

JAWBONE

JAM, jam, n. a conserve of fruit boiled with sugar. [Ety. dub.; perh. from jam, to squeeze.]

JAM, jam, v.t. to press or squeeze tight :pr.p. jamm'ing: pa.p. jammed'. [From the same root as champ.]

JAMB, jam, n. the sidepiece or post of a door, fireplace, etc. [Fr. jambe, O. Fr. gambe, It. gamba, a leg Celt. cam, bent.]

JANGLE, jang'l, v.i. to sound discordantly as in wrangling: to wrangle or quarrel. -v.t. to cause to sound harshly.-n. discordant sound: contention.-ns. JANG'LER, JANG'LING. [O. Fr. jangler, from the sound, like JINGLE and CHINK.] JANITOR, jan'i-tor, n, a doorkeeper: a porter:-fem. JAN'ITRIX. [L., from janua, a door.]

JANIZARY, jan'i-zar-i, JANISSARY, jan'i-sar-i, n. a soldier of the old Turkish foot-guards, formed originally of a tribute of children taken from Christian subjects. adj. JANIZA'RIAN. [Fr. Janissaire-Turk. yeni, new, and askari, a soldier.]

JANTILY, JANTINESS, JANTY. See JAUNTY, etc.

JANUARY, jan'ū-ar-i, n. the first month of the year, dedicated by the Romans to Janus, the god of the sun. [L. Januarius-Janus, the sun-god.]

JAPAN, ja-pan', v.t. to varnish after the manner of the Japanese or people of Japan: to make black and glossy :-pr.p. japann'ing; pa.p. japanned'.japanned: the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.—n. JAPANN'ER.

-n. work

JÄR, jär, v.i. to make a harsh discordant sound to quarrel: to be inconsistent.v.t. to shake:-pr.p. jarr'ing; pa.p. jarred'.-n. a harsh rattling sound: clash of interests or opinions: discord.-adv. JARR'INGLY. [From an imitative Teut. root, kar, found also in CARE, and conn. with JARGON, and L. garrire, to prattle.] JAR, jär, n. an earthen or glass bottle with a wide mouth: a measure. [Fr. jarre-Pers. jarrah, a water-pot.] JARGON, jär'gun, n. confused talk: slang. [Fr. jargon. See JAR, to quarrel.] JARGONELLE, jär-go-nel', n. a kind of pear. [Fr.]

JASMINE, jas'min, JESSAMINE, jes'a

min, n. a genus of plants, many species of which have very fragrant flowers. [Ar. and Pers. jâsmin.]

JASPER, jas'per, n. a precious stone, being a hard siliceous mineral of various colors. [Frz [Fr. jaspe-L. and Gr. iaspis-Arab. yasb.

JAUNDICE, jän'dis, n. a disease, characterized by a yellowness of the eyes, skin, etc., caused by bile. [Fr. jaunisse, from jaune, yellow-L. galbanus, yellowish, galbus, yellow.] JAUNDICED, jän'dist, adj. affected with jaundice: prejudiced.

JÄUNT, jänt, v.i. to go from place to place to make an excursion.-n. an excursion: a ramble. [Old form jaunceO. Fr. jancer, to stir (a horse).] JAUNTING, jänt'ing, adj., strolling: making an excursion. JAUNTY, JANTY, jänt'i, adj. airy: showy: dashing finical. - adv. JAUNT'ILY.JAUNT'INESS. [From JAUNT.] JAVELIN, jav'lin, n. a spear about six feet long, anciently used by both infantry and cavalry. [Fr. javeline, of uncertain origin.]

[ocr errors]

JAW, jaw, n. the bones of the mouth in which the teeth are set the mouth: anything like a jaw. [Old spelling chaw, akin to CHEW.]

JAWBONE, jaw'bon, n. the bone of the jaw, in which the teeth are set.

[ocr errors]

JAWED

JAWED, jawd, adj. having jaws: denoting the appearance of the jaws, as lanternjawed.

JAWFALL, jaw'fawl, n. a falling of the jaw (fig.) depression of spirits. [JAW and FALL.]

JAY, jā, n. a bird of the crow family with gay plumage. [O. Fr. jay, Fr. geai; from root of GAY.]

JEALOUS, jel'us, adj. suspicious of or incensed at rivalry: anxious to defend the honor of.-adv. JEALOUSLY.-n. JEALOUSY. [Fr. jaloux-L. zelus-Gr. zēlos, emulation.]

JEAN, jan, n. a twilled cotton cloth. [From Jaen, in Spain.]

JEER, jer, v.t. to make sport of: to treat with derision.-v.i. to scoff: to deride:

to make a mock of.-n. a railing remark: biting jest: mockery.-adv. JEER'INGLY. [Acc. to Skeat, from the Dut. phrase den gek scheeren, lit. to shear the fool, to mock, the words gek scheeren being run together, and corr. into jeer.]

253

lem är'ti-chōk, n. a plant of the same genus as the common sunflower, the roots of which are used as food. [A. corr. of It. girasole (L. gyrare, to turn, and sol, the sun), sunflower, and ARTICHOKE, from the similarity in flavor of its root to that of this plant.] JESS, jes, n. a short strap round the legs of a hawk, by which she is held and let go. [Lit. a throw, O. Fr. ject-jecter, to throw-L. jactare, to throw.] JESSAMINE, jes'a-min. See JASMINE. JESSE, jes'i, n. a large branched candlestick used in churches. [From its likeness to the genealogical tree of Jesse, the father of David, formerly hung up in churches.]

JEST, jest, n. something ludicrous: joke: JESSED, jest, adj. having jesses on.

fun: something uttered in sport: object of laughter.-v.i. to make a jest or merriment.-adv. JEST'INGLY. [Orig. a deed, a story, M. E. geste-O. Fr. geste-L. gestum-gero, to do.]

JOCUND

the finger. [From JEW, and HARP; a name prob. given in derision.] JIB, jib, n. a triangular sail borne in front of the foremast in a ship, so called from its shifting of itself.-v.t. to shift a boom sail from one tack to the other.-v.i. to move restively. [Dan. gibbe, Dut. gijpen to turn suddenly.]

JIB-BOOM, jib'-bōōm, n. a boom or exten sion of the bowsprit, on which the jib is spread.

JIBE. Same as GIBE.

JIG, jig, n. a quick, lively tune: a quick

dance suited to the tune.-v.i. to dance a jig:-pr.p. jigg'ing; pa.p. jigged'. [Fr. gigue, a stringed instrument-Ger. geige; conn. with GIG.]

JILT, jilt, n. a woman who encourages a lover and then neglects or rejects him: a flirt.-v.t. to encourage and then disappoint in love. [Scot. jillet, dim. of Jill (L. Juliana-Julius), a female name, used in contempt.]

JEHOVAH, je-hō'va, n. the eternal or self- JESTER, jest'er, n. one who jests: a buf. JINGLE, jingl, n. a jangling or clinking

- N.

existent Being, the chief Hebrew name of the Deity. [Heb. Yehovah, from hayah, to be.] JEJUNÉ, je-jōōn' adj. empty: void of interest barren. adv. JEJUNEʼLY. JEJUNE'NESS. [L. jejunus, abstaining from food, hungry.] JEJUNUM, je-jōō'num, n. a part of the smaller intestine, so called because generally found empty after death. [L.jejunus.]

JELLIED, jel'id, adj. in the state of jelly. JELLY, jel'i, n. anything gelatinous: the juice of fruit boiled with sugar. [Anything congealed or frozen, Fr. gelée, from geler-L. gelo, to freeze.] JELLY-FISH, jel'i-fish, n. marine radiate animals like jelly. [JELLY and FISH.] JENNET, also spelt GENNET, GENET, jen'et, n. a small Spanish horse. [Fr. genet-Sp. ginete, a nag, orig. a horsesoldier: of Moorish origin.] JENNETING, jen'et-ing, n. a kind of early apple. [?]

JENNY, jen'i, n. a gin or machine for spinning. [From root of GIN, a machine.] JEOPARD, jep'ard, JEOPARDIZE, jep'ard-iz, v.t. to put in jeopardy. JEOPARDOUS, jep'ard-us, adj. exposed to danger or loss.-adv. JEOP'ARDOUSLY. JEOPARDY, jep'ard-i, n. hazard, danger. [Fr. jeu parti, lit. a divided game, one in which the chances are even - Low L. jocus partitus-L. jocus, a game, partitus, divided-partior, to divide.] JERBOA, jer bō-a or jer-bō'a, n. a genus of small rodent quadrupeds, remarkable for the length of their hindlegs and their power of jumping. [Ar. yerbóa, yarbúa.]

[ocr errors]

JEREMIAD, jer-e-miad, n. a lamentation : a tale of grief: a doleful story. [From Jeremiah, the prophet, author of the book of Lamentations.] JERFALCON. Same as GYRFALCON. JERK, jerk, v.t. to throw with a quick effort to give a sudden movement.-n. a short, sudden movement: a striking against with a sudden motion. [Orig. to strike, Scot. yerk, by-forms being jert and gird, and conn. with yard, a rod.] JERKED-BEEF, jerkt'-bef, n., beef cut into thin pieces and dried in the sun. [Chilian charqui.]

JERKIN, jer'kin, n. a jacket, a short coat or close waistcoat. [Dut., dim. of jurk, a frock.]

JERSEY, jerʼzi, n. the finest part of wool: combed wool: a kind of close-fitting woollen shirt worn in rowing, etc. [From the island Jersey.] JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, je-rōō'sa

JESUIT, jez'u-it, n. one of the Society of foon. [Orig. a story-teller.] Jesus, founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola, the members of which are reputedly celebrated for craftiness.-adjs. JESUIT'IC, JESUIT'ICAL. - adv. JESUIT'I

CALLY.

JESUITISM, jez'ü-it-izm, n. the principles and practices of the Jesuits: cunning: deceit.

JESUS, jēʼzus, the Saviour of mankind. [Gr. Tesous-Heb. Joshua-Jehoshua, help of Jehovah, the Saviour-yasha, to save.]

JET, jet, n. a mineral very compact and black used for ornaments. [Fr. jaietL., Gr. gagates, from Gagas, a town and river in Lycia, in Asia Minor, where it was obtained.]

JET, jet, v.i. to throw or shoot forward: to jut.v.t. to emit in a stream:-pr.p. jett'ing; pa.p. jett'ed. [Fr. jeter-L. jacto, freq. of jacio, to throw.]

JET, jet, n. a spouting stream: a short pipe emitting a flame of gas. [Fr., It. geto-L. jactus, from jacio, to throw.] JET-BLACK, jet'-blak, adj., black as jet, the deepest black color.

JETSAM, jet'sam, JETSON, jet'sun, JET-
TISON, jet'i-sun, n. the throwing of
goods overboard in a case of great peril
to lighten a vessel: the goods so thrown
away which remain under water.
JETTY, jet'i, adj. made of jet, or black as
jet.-n. JETT'INESS.

JETTY, jet'i, n. a projection: a kind of
pier. [Fr. jetée, thrown out-jeter.]
JEW, joo, n. an inhabitant of Judea: a
Hebrew or Israelite :-fem. JEW'ESS. [0.
Fr. Juis-L. Judæus, Gr. Ioudaios-
Ioudaia, Judea.]

JEWEL, jōō'el, n. an ornament of dress: a precious stone: anything highly valued.

v. t. to dress or adorn with jewels: to fit with a jewel:-pr.p. jew'elling; pa.p. jew'elled. [O. Fr. jouel, Fr. joyau; either a dim. of Fr. joie, joy, from L. gaudium, joy-gaudeo, to rejoice (see Joy), or derived through Low L. jocale, from L. jocari, to jest.]

JEWELLER, jōō'el-er, n. one who makes or deals in jewels.

JEWELRY, jōō'el-ri, JEWELLERY, jōō'eler-i, n., jewels in general. JEWISH, jōō'ish, adj. belonging to the Jews.-adv. JEW'ISHLY.-n. JEW'ISHNESS. JEWRY, jōō'ri, n., Judea: a district inhabited by Jews.

JEW'S-HARP, jōōz'-härp, n. a small harpshaped musical instrument played between the teeth by striking a spring with

sound that which makes a rattling sound: a correspondence of sounds.-v.i. to sound with a jingle. [Formed from the sound, like JANGLE.] JINGOISM, jing'ō-izm, n. nickname for a phase of the military spirit in England. [Jingo is said to be the Basque name for "lord."]

JOB, job, n. a sudden stroke or stab with a pointed instrument like a beak.- v.t. to strike or stab suddenly :-pr.p. jobb'ing; pa.p. jobbed'. [Gael. gob, W. gyb, a beak; conn. with GOBBLE, JOB.]

66

or

JOB, job, n. any piece of work, esp. of a trifling or temporary nature: any undertaking with a view to profit: a mean transaction, in which private gain is sought under pretence of public service. -v.i. to work at jobs: to buy and sell, as a broker: to hire or let out for a short time, esp. horses. [Lit. a lump "portion," and formerly spelt gob, M. E. gobet-O. Fr. gob, a mouthful; from the same Celtic root as GOBBLE.] JOBBER, job'er, n. one who jobs: one who buys and sells, as a broker: one who turns official actions to private advantage one who engages in a mean, lucrative affair.

JOBBERY, job'er-i, n., jobbing: unfair means employed to procure some private end.

JOB'S-NEWS, jobz'-nūz, n. evil tidings: bad news, such as Job's servants brought him. "Poverty escorts him; from home there can nothing come except Job'snews."-Carlyle.

JOB'S-POST, jobz'-post, n. a bearer of ill news: a messenger carrying evil tidings. "This Job's-post, from Dumouriez, thickly preceded and escorted by so many other Job's-posts, reached the convention."-Carlyle.

JOCKEY, jok-i, n. a man (orig. a boy) who rides horses in a race: a horsedealer: one who takes undue advantage in business. -v.t. to jostle by riding against: to cheat. [Dim. of Jock, northern E. for Jack, which see.]

JOCKEYISM, jok'i-izm, JOCKEYSHIP, jok'i-ship, n. the art or practice of a jockey.

JOCOSE, jo-kōs', adj. full of jokes: humor. ous merry.-adv. JocoSE'LY.-n. JoCOSE'NESS. [L. jocosus-jocus, a joke. See JOKE.] JOCULAR, jok'u-lar, adj. given to jokes: humorous: droll: laughable.-adv. Joc'ULARLY.-n. JOCULAR'ITY. [L. jocularis -jocus.]

JOCUND, jok'und, adj. in a jocose humor : merry cheerful: pleasant.-adv. Joc

JOG

UNDLY.-n. JOCUND'ITY. [L. jocundus— jocus.]

JOG, jog, v.t. to shock or shake: to push

with the elbow or hand.-v.i. to move by small shocks: to travel slowly :-pr.p. jogg'ing; pa.p. jogged'.-n. a slight shake a push. [A weakened form of SHOCK.]

JOGGLE, jog'l, v.t. to jog or shake slightly:

to jostle.-v.i. to shake:-pr.p. jogg'ling; pa.p. jogg'led. [Dim. of JoG.] JOGTROT, jog trot, n. a slow jogging trot. JOHN DOREE. See DOREE.

JOIN, join, v.t. to connect: to unite: to associate: to add or annex.-v.i. to be connected with: to grow together: to be in close contact: to unite (with). [Fr. joindre, It. giugnere-L. jungere, junctum; conn. with Gr. zeugnūmi, Sans. yuj, to join. See YOKE.]

JOINER, join'er, n. one who joins or unites: a carpenter.

JOINERY, join'er-i, the art of the joiner. JOINT, joint, n. a joining: the place where two or more things join: a knot: a hinge a seam: the place where two bones are joined: (cook.) the part of the limb of an animal cut off at the joint.adj. joined, united, or combined: shared among more than one.-v.t. to unite by joints: to fit closely to provide with joints to cut into joints, as an animal. -v.i. to fit like joints. [Fr., O. Fr. joinct -Fr. joindre. See JOIN.] JOINTLESS, joint'les, adj. having no joint: hence, stiff, rigid. "Let me die here,' were her words, remaining jointless and immovable."-Richardson. JOINTLY, joint'li, adv. in a joint manner: unitedly or in combination: together. JOINT-STOCK, joint'-stok, n., stock held jointly or in company.

JOINTURE, joint'ur, n. property joined to or settled on a woman at marriage to be enjoyed after her husband's death.-v.t. to settle a jointure upon. [Fr., O. Fr. joincture-L. junctura. See JOIN.] JOINTURESS, joint'ur-es, JOINTRESS, joint'res, n. a woman on whom a jointure is settled.

JOIST, joist, n. the timbers to which the boards of a floor or the laths of a ceiling are nailed.-v.t. to fit with joists. [Lit. "that on which anything lies," Scot. geist-O. Fr. giste, from Fr. gésir-L. jacere, to lie. See GIST.] JOKE, jōk, n. a jest: a witticism: something witty or sportive: anything said or done to excite a laugh.-v.t. to cast jokes at: to banter: to make merry with. -v.i. to jest: to be merry: to make sport. [L. jocus.]

JOKER, jōk'er, n. one who jokes or jests,

an additional card in the pack of 52, used in certain games as the highest. JOKESMITH, jõk'smith, n. a professional joker one who manufactures jokes. "I feared to give occasion to the jests of newspaper jokesmiths."-Southey. JOKINGLY, jōk'ing-li, adv. in a joking

manner.

JOLE, another form of JoWL. JOLLIFICATION, jol-i-fi-kā'shun, n. a making jolly: noisy festivity and merriment. [JOLLY, and L. facio, to make.] JOLLY, jol′i, adj., merry: expressing or exciting mirth: comely, robust.-adv. JOLL'ILY.-ns. JOLL'ITY, JOLL'INESS. [Fr. joli-Ice. jol, a Christmas feast, E. yule.] JÖLLYBOAT, jol'i-bōt, n. a small boat belonging to a ship. [JOLLY (a corr. of Dan. jolle, a boat, a yawl) and BOAT. See YAWL]

JOLT, jolt, v.i. to shake with sudden jerks. -v.t. to shake with a sudden shock.-n. a sudden jerk. [Old form joll, prob. conn. with JoWL, and so orig. meaning to

254

knock one head against another, as in the phrase, jolthead.] JOLTINGLY, jōlt'ing-li, adv. in a jolting

manner.

JONQUIL, jon'kwil, JONQUILLE, jon-
kwēl', n. a name given to certain species
of narcissus with rush-like leaves. [Fr.
jonquille-L. juncus, a rush.]
JOSS, jos, n. a Chinese idol. "Those pagan
josses."-Wolcot.

Critick in jars and josses, shows her birth,
Drawn, like the brittle ware itself, from earth.
-Coleman.

[Chinese joss, a deity, corrupted from Port. deos, from L. deus, a god.] JOSS-HOUSE, jos'-house, n. a Chinese temple. [See Joss.]

JOSS-STICK, jos-stik, n. in China, a stick of gum burned as incense to their gods. [Chinese joss, a god.]

JOSTLE, jos'l, v.t. to joust or strike against: to drive against. [Freq. of JOUST.] JOT, jot, n. the least quantity assignable.v.t. to set down briefly to make a memorandum of :-pr.p. jott'ing; pa.p. jott'ed. [L.-Gr. iota-Heb. yod, the smallest letter in the alphabet, E. i.] JOTTING, jot'ing, n. a memorandum. JOURNAL, jur'nal, n. a diurnal or daily register or diary: a book containing an account of each day's transactions: a newspaper published daily or otherwise: a magazine: the transactions of any society. [Fr.-L. diurnalis. See DIURNAL.]

JOURNALISM, jur'nal-izm, n. the keeping of a journal: the profession of conducting public journals.

JOURNALIST, jur'nal-ist, n. one who writes for or conducts a journal or newspaper.

JOURNALISTIC, jur-nal-ist'ik, adj. pertaining to journals or newspapers, or to journalism.

JOURNEY, jur'ni, n. any travel: tour: excursion.-v.i. to travel:-pr.p. jour'- | neying; pa.p. jour'neyed (-nid). [Lit. a day's travel, Fr. journée-jour, Ít. giorno, a day-L. diurnus.]

JOURNEYMAN, jur'ni-man, n. one who works by the day: any hired workman: one whose apprenticeship is completed. JOUST, just or jōōst, n. the encounter of two knights on horseback at a tournament.-v.i. to run in the tilt. [Lit. a coming together, O. Fr. jouste, juste-L. juxta, nigh to.]

JOVIAL, jo'vi-al, adj. joyous : full of mirth and happiness.-adv. JO'VIALLY.—ns. JoVIAL'ITY, JO'VIALNESS. [L. Jovialis-Jupiter, Jovis, Jupiter, the star, which, according to the old astrology, had a happy influence on human affairs.] JOVIALIZE, jō'vi-al-īz, v.t. to make jovial: to cause to be merry or jolly. tivity that jovialized us all.” Burney.

"An acMiss

JOVIAN, jō'vi-an, adj. of or pertaining to Jove, the chief divinity of the Romans, or to the planet Jupiter. [See JOVIAL.] JOWL, JOLE, jōl, n. the jaw or cheek. [M.E. forms are choul, chaul, corr. from chavel, and this again from A.S. ceafl, the jaw.]

:

JOY, joy, n. gladness: rapture: mirth: the cause of joy.-v.i. to rejoice: to be glad to exult:-pr.p. joy'ing; pa.p. joyed'. [Fr. joie, It. gioja-L. gaudium -gaudeo, to rejoice, allied to Gr. gētheō.] JOYFUL, joy'fool, adj. full of joy: very glad, happy, or merry.-adv. JOY'FULLY. -n. JOY'FULNESS.

JOYLESS, joy'les, adj. without joy not giving joy.-adv. JOY'LESSLY.-n. Joy'

LESSNESS.

JOYOUS, joy'us, adj. full of joy, happi

JUDICIARY

ness, or merriment.-adv. JOY'OUSLY.— n. JOY'OUSNESS.

JUBILANT, jõō'bi-lant, adj. shouting for joy: rejoicing: uttering songs of triumph. [L. jubilo, to shout for joy, not conn. with JUBILEE.] JUBILATE, jōō'bi-la'te, n. the third Sunday after Easter, so called because the Church Service began on that day with the 66th Psalm, Jubilate Deo," etc. [From root of JUBILANT.] JUBILATE, jōō'bi-lāt, v.t. to rejoice: to exult to triumph. Hope jubilating cries aloud."-Carlyle. The hurrahs were yet ascending from our jubilating lips."-De Quincey.

66

66

[ocr errors]

JUBILATION, jōō-bi-la'shun, n. a shouting for joy the declaration of triumph. [See JUBILANT.]

JUBILEE, jōō'bi-lē, n. the year of release among the Jews every fiftieth year, proclaimed by the sound of a trumpet: any season of great public joy and festivity. [Fr. jubilě-L. jubilæus-Heb. yobel, a trumpet, the sound of a trumpet.] JUDAIC, jōō-dā'ik, JUDAICAL, jōō-dā'ik-al, adj. pertaining to the Jews.-adv. JUDA'ICALLY. [L. Judaicus-Juda, Judah, one of the sons of Israel.] JUDAISE, jōō'da-iz, v.i. to conform to or practice Judaism.

JUDAISM, jōō'da-izm, n. the doctrines and rites of the Jews: conformity to the Jewish rites.

JUDEAN, jōō-dē'an, adj. belonging to Judea.-n. a native of Judea. JUDGE, juj, v.i. to point out or declare what is just or law: to hear and decide: to pass sentence: to compare facts to determine the truth: to form or pass an opinion to distinguish.-v.t. to hear and determine authoritatively to sentence: to be censorious towards: to consider: (B.) to condemn. [Fr. juger-L. judico -jus, law, and dico, to declare.] JUDGE, juj, n. one who judges: a civil officer who hears and settles any cause, either in connection with a jury or without one: an arbitrator: one who can decide upon the merit of anything: in Jewish history, a magistrate having civil and military powers:-pl. title of 7th book of the Old Testament. [Fr. juge, L. judex judico.]

JUDGESHIP, juj'ship, n. the office of a judge.

JUDGMENT, juj'ment, n. act of judging: the comparing of ideas, to elicit truth: faculty by which this is done, the reason: opinion formed: taste: sentence: condemnation: doom.

JUDGMENT-DAY, juj'ment-dā, n. the day on which God will pronounce final judgment on mankind. JUDGMENT-SEAT, juj'ment-set, n., seat or bench in a court from which judgment is pronounced.

JUDICABLE, joo'di-ka-bl, adj. that may be judged or tried. [L. judicabilis.] JUDICATIVE, jōō'di-kä-tiv, adj. having power to judge. JUDICATORY, joo'di-ka-tor-i, adj. per

taining to a judge: distributing justice. -n. distribution of justice: a tribunal. JUDICATURE, jōō'di-kā-tūr, n. profession of a judge power or system of dispensing justice by legal trial: jurisdiction: a

tribunal.

JUDICIAL, jōō-dish'al, adj. pertaining to a judge or court: practiced in, or proceeding from a court of justice: established by statute.-adv. JUDICIALLY. [O. Fr.-L. judicialis.]

JUDICIARY, jōō-dish'i-ar-i, n. the judges taken collectively: one of the departments of the Federal and State Govern

JUDICIOUS

ments.-adj. pertaining to the courts of law: passing judgment. [L. judiciarius.] JUDICIOUS, jõō-dish'us, adj. according to sound judgment: possessing sound judgment discreet. n. JUDICIOUSNESS.adv. JUDICIOUSLY. JUG, jug, n. a large vessel with a swelling body and narrow mouth for liquors.-v.t. to boil or stew as in a jug-pr.p. jugg'ing; pa.p. jugged'. [Prob. a familiar equivalent of Joan or Jenny, and jocularly applied to a drinking-vessel; cf. Jack and Jill in a like sense.]

JUG, jug, v.i. to utter the sound jug, as certain birds, esp. the nightingale. [From the sound.] JUGGLE, jug'l, v.i. to joke or jest: to amuse by sleight-of-hand: to conjure: to practice artifice or imposture.-n. a trick by sleight-of-hand: an imposture. [O. Fr. jongler-L. joculor, to jest―jocus, a jest.] JUGGLER, jug'ler, n. one who performs tricks by sleight-of-hand, a trickish fellow.

.E. jogelour-Fr. jongleur-L. joculator, a jester.] JUGGLERY, jug'ler-i, n. art or tricks of a juggler: legerdemain : trickery. JUGLANDINE, jug-lan'din, n. a substance contained in the juice expressed from the green shell of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used as a remedy in cutaneous and scrofulous diseases, also for dyeing the hair black.

JUGULAR, jōō'gū-lar, adj. pertaining to the collar-bone, which joins the neck and shoulders.-n. one of the large veins on each side of the neck. [L. jugulum, the collar-bone-jungo, to join.] JUICE, jõõs, n. the sap of vegetables: the fluid part of animal bodies.-adj. JUICE'LESS. [Fr.-L. jus, lit. mixture.] JUICY, jōōs'i, adj., full of juice.-n. JUIC'

INESS.

JUJUBE, jōō'jōōb, n. a genus of spiny shrubs or small trees, the fruit of which is dried as a sweetmeat: a lozenge made of sugar and gum. [Fr.-L. zizyphusGr. zizyphon-Pers. zizfun, the jujubetree.]

JULEP, jōō'lep, JULAP, jōō'lap, n. a pleasant liquid medicine in which other nauseous medicines are taken. [Lit. rosewater, Fr.-Ar. julab-Pers. gul, rose, âb, water.]

JULIAN, jōōl'yan, adj. noting the old account of time established by Julius Cæsar, and used from 46 B.C. till 1752. JULIENNE, zhü-lē-en, n. a kind of soup made with various herbs or vegetables cut in very small pieces. [Fr.] JULY, jōō-li', n. the seventh month of the year, so called from Caius Julius Cæsar, who was born in this month. JUMBLE, jum'bl, v.t. to mix confusedly: to throw together without order.-v.i. to be mixed together confusedly: to be agitated. n. a confused mixture. [M.E. jombre, prob. a freq. of JUMP, in the sense of to stamp or shake about.] JUMBLINGLY, jum'bling-li, adv. in a jumbled or confused manner. JUMP, jump, v.i. to spring upward, or forward, or both: to bound: to pass to as by a leap.-v.t. to pass by a leap to skip over-pr.p. jump'ing; pa.p. jumped'. -n. act of jumping: a bound. [From a Teut. root seen in Sw. gumpa, O. Ger. gumpen, to jump.]

JUNCTION, jungk'shun, n. a joining, a union or combination: place or point of union: a place, not in a town or city, where two or more railroads meet or cross one another; when such a place becomes a town or city it sometimes retains the word junction in its title of incorporation. [See JOIN.] JUNCTURE, jungk'tūr, n. a joining, a

|

255

union: a critical or important point of | time. [L. junctura.] JUNE, jōōn, n. the sixth month, orig. of 26 days, but since Julius Cæsar's time of 30. [L. Junius, the name of the sixth month, and also of a Roman gens or clan, prob. from root of L. juvenis, junior, Sans. juwan, young, and so = the month of growth.] JUNGLE, jung'gl, n. land covered with thick brushwood, etc. adj. JUNG'LY. [Sans. jangala, desert.]

JUNIOR, jōōn'yur, adj., younger: less advanced. n. one younger or less advanced. [Contr. of L. juvenior, younger -juvenis, young.]

JUNIORITY, jōō-ni-or'i-ti, JUNIORSHIP, joo'ni-ur-ship, n. state of being junior. JUNIPER, jōō'ni-per, n. an evergreen shrub, the berries of which are used in making gin. [L. juniperus — juvenis, young, and pario, to bring forth; lit. young-bearing, from its evergreen appearance.]

JUNK, jungk, n. a Chinese vessel, having three masts. [Port. junco-Chinese chw'an, a boat.]

JUNK, jungk, n. pieces of old cordage, used for making mats, etc., and when picked to pieces forming oakum for the seams of ships: salt meat supplied to vessels for long voyages, so called because it becomes as hard as old rope. [L. juncus, a rush, of which ropes used to be made.] JUNKET, jung'ket, n. any sweetmeat, so called from being carried in little baskets made of rushes: a stolen entertainment. -v.i. to feast in secret.-v.t. to feast:pr.p. jun'keting; pa.p. jun'keted. giuncata-L. juncus, a rush.] JUNTA, jun'ta, n. a body of men joined or united: a Spanish grand council of state: a word used in the Spanish-American States for various political combinations, revolutionary and other. [Sp., a fem. form of JUNTO.]

[It.

JUNTO, jun'tō, n. a body of men joined or united for some secret intrigue: a confederacy: a cabal or faction:-pl. JUN'TOS. [Sp.-L. junctus-jungo.] JUPITER, jōō'pi-ter, n. the chief god among the Romans: the largest, and, next to Venus, the brightest of the planets. [Contr. from Jovis pater or Diespiter, Jove-father" or "Heavenfather," from Jovis Gr. Zeus, Sans. Dyaus, A.S. Tiw, O. High Ger. Zio, L. dies, divum, and sig. light, heaven), and pater, father.]

66

JURIDICAL, jõō-rid'ik-al, adj. relating to the distribution of justice: pertaining_to a judge used in courts of law.-adv. JuRID'ICALLY. [L. juridicus-jus, juris, law, and dico, to declare.] JURISCONSULT, jōō-ris-kon'sult, n. one who is consulted on the law: a lawyer who gives opinions on cases put to him: a jurist. [L. jus, juris, law, and consultus -consulo, to consult.] JURISDICTION, jōō-ris-dik'shun, n. the distribution of justice: legal authority: extent of power: district over which any authority extends.--adj. JURISDICTIONAL. [Fr.-L. jurisdictio. See JUST and DICTION.]

JURISPRUDENCE, jõō-ris-prōō'dens, n. the science or knowledge of law. [Fr.L. jurisprudentia-jus, juris, law, and prudentia, knowledge. See JUST and PRUDENCE.]

JURIST, jōo'rist, n. one who professes or is versed in the science of law, especially the Roman or civil law: a civilian. [Fr. juriste.]

JÚROR, jōō'rur, JURYMAN, jōō'ri-man, n. one who serves on a jury. [Fr. jureur.]

JUXTAPOSITION

JURY, jōō'ri, n. a body of not less than twelve men, selected and sworn, as prescribed by law, to declare the truth on evidence before them: a committee for deciding prizes at a public exhibition, though in this sense confined to England chiefly-in U.S., such a committee receives the more dignified and scriptural title of judges. [Fr. juré, sworn-jurer -L. juro, to swear.]

JURYMAST, jōō'ri-mäst, n. a temporary mast erected in a ship instead of one lost or destroyed. [Ety. dub., by some thought to be an abbrev. of injurymast.]

JURY-RUDDER, jōō'ri-rud'er, n. a temporary rudder for one lost. JUSSIEUAN, jus-sü'an, adj. in bot. applied to the natural system of classifying plants originally promulgated by Jussieu, a French botanist, which superseded the artificial system of Linnæus. The system has been improved by De Candolle, Lindley, the Hookers, and others, though the broad principles are the same as originally sketched out by its founder. JUST, n. a tilt. Same as JOUST. JUST, just, adj., lawful: upright: exact :

regular: true: righteous.-adv, accurately: barely. [Fr.-L. justus—jus, law.] JUSTICE, jus'tis, n. quality of being just: integrity: impartiality: desert: retribution: a judge: a magistrate: in the U.S. the term is applied to the lowest order of the judiciary-the local magistrates or Justices of the Peace, and to the highest -the Justices of State and Federal Supreme Courts; the intermediate county, circuit and district courts being presided over by judges. [Fr.-L. justitia.] JUSTICESHIP, justis-ship, n. office or dignity of a justice or judge. JUSTICIARY, jus-tish'i-ar-i, JUSTICIAR, jus-tish'i-ar, n. an administrator of justice: a chief-justice. JUSTIFIABLE, jus-ti-fi'a-bl, adj. that may be justified or defended.-n. JUSTIFI'ABLENESS.-adv. JUSTIFI'ABLY. JUSTIFICATION, jus-ti-fi-ka'shun, n. vindication: absolution: a plea of sufficient reason for. JUSTIFICATIVE, jus'ti-fi-ka-tiv, JUSTIFICATORY, jus'ti-fi-ka-tor-i, adj. having power to justify. JUSTIFIER, jus'ti-fi-er, n. one who defends, or vindicates: he who pardons and absolves from guilt and punishment. JUSTIFY, jus'ti-fi, v.t. to make just: to prove or show to be just or right to vindicate: to absolve: in printing, to adjust and cause to fit as type in the forms:pr.p. jus'tifying; pa.p. jus'tified. [Fr.-L. justifico-justus, just, and facio, to make.] JUSTLE, v.t. Same as JOSTLE. JUSTLY, just'li, adv. in a just manner: equitably uprightly: accurately by right.

JUSTNESS, just'nes, n. equity: propriety:

exactness.

JUT, jut, v.i. to shoot forward to project: -pr.p. jutt'ing; pa.p. jutt'ed. [A form of JET.]

JUTE, jõõt, n. the fibre of an Indian plant resembling hemp, used in the manufacture of coarse bags, mats, etc. [Orissa jhot, Sans. jhat.] JUVENESCENT, jōō-ven-es'ent, adj. be coming young.-n. JUVENES'CENCE. [L. juvenescens juvenesco, to grow young.] JUVENILE, jōō've-nil or -nil, adj., young: pertaining or suited to youth: puerile.ns. JU'VENILENESS, JUVENIL'ITY. [Fr.— L. juvenilis--juvenis, young; akin to Sans. juwan, young, and djuna, sportive.] JUXTAPOSITION, juks-ta-po-zish'un, n. a placing or being placed near: contiguity. [L. juxta, near, and POSITION.]

« PreviousContinue »