NOVEMBER

NOVEMBER, nō-vem'ber, n. the eleventh month of our year. [The ninth month of the Roman year; L., from novem, nine.]

NOVENNIAL, nō-ven'yal, adj. done every ninth year. [L. novennis—novení, nine, annus, a year.]

NOVICE, nov'is, n. one new in anything: a beginner one newly received into the church an inmate of a convent or nunnery who has not yet taken the vow. [Fr.-L. novitius-novus, new.] NÕVITIATE, nō-vish'i-āt, n. the state of being a novice: the period of being a novice: a novice. [Low L. novitiatus.] NOW, now, adv. at the present time: at this time or a little before.-conj. but: after this: things being so.-n. the present time.-Now-Now, at one time, at another time. [A.S. nu; Ger. nun, L. nunc, Gr. nun, Sans. nu, a doublet of NEW.]

NOWADAYS, now'a-daz, adv. in days now present.

NOWAY, nō'wā, NOWAYS, nō'wāz, adv. in no way, manner, or degree. NOWHERE, nō'hwār, adv. in no where or place.

NÓWISE, no'wiz, adv. in no way or degree. NOXIOUS, nok'shus, adj., hurtful: unwholesome: injurious: destructive: poisonous.-adv. NOX'IOUSLY.-n. Nox'iousNESS. [L. noxius-noxa, hurt-noceo, to hurt.] NOZZLE, noz'l, n. a little nose: the snout:

the extremity of anything: an extremity with an orifice. [Dim. of NOSE.] NUANCE, nóōō-ans', n. a delicate degree or shade of difference perceived by any of the senses, or by the intellect. [Through Fr. from L. nubes, a cloud.] NUCLEATED, nu'kle-at-ed, adj. having a

nucleus.

NUCLEUS, nū'kle-us, n. the central mass round which matter gathers: (astr.) the head of a comet :-pl. NUCLEI (nu'kle-i). [Lit. "the kernel of a nut," L. from nux, nucis, a nut.]

NUDE, nūd, adj., naked: bare: void.-adv. NUDE'LY. [L. nudus. See NAKED.] NUDGE, nuj, n. a gentle push.-v.t. to push gently. [Akin to KNOCK, KNUCKLE. Cf. Dan. knuge.]

NUDITY, nūd'i-ti, n., nakedness: - pl. naked parts: figures divested of drapery. NUGATORY, nu'ga-tor-i, adj., trifling: vain insignificant: of no power: ineffectual. [L. nugatorius-nugæ, jokes, trifles.1

NUGGET, nug'et, n. a lump or mass, as of a metal. [A corruption of INGOT.] NUISANCE, nu'sans, n. that which annoys

or hurts: that which troubles: that which is offensive. [Fr.-L. noceo, to hurt.]

NULL, nul, adj. of no force: void: invalid. [L. nullus, not any, from ne, not, and ullus, any.]

NULLIFY, nul'i-fi, v.t. to make null: to annul: to render void :-pr.p. null'ifying; pu.t. and pa.p. null'ified.-n. NULLIFICATION. [L. nullifico, -atum — nullus, and facio, to make.]

NULLITY, nul'i-ti, n. the state of being null or void: nothingness: want of existence, force, or efficacy. NUMB, num, adj. deprived of sensation

or motion: stupefied motionless.-v.t. to make numb: to deaden: to render motionless-pr.p. numbing (num'ing); pa.p. numbed (numd').-n. NUMB'NESS. [A.S. numen, pa.p. of niman, to take; so Ice. numinn, bereft.] NUMBER, number, n. that by which things are counted or computed: a collection of things: more than one: a unit in counting: a numerical figure: the

301

measure of multiplicity: sounds distributed into harmonies: metre, verse, esp. in pl.: (gram.) the difference in words to express singular or plural:-pl. the 4th book of the Old Test. from its having the numbers of the Israelites. - v.t. to count to reckon as one of a multitude: to mark with a number: to amount to.n. NUM'BERER. [Fr. nombre-L. numerus, akin to Gr. nomos, that which is distributed-nemō, to distribute.] NUMBERLESS, num'ber-les, adj. without

number: more than can be counted. NUMERABLE, nu'mer-a-bl, adj. that may be numbered or counted.-adv. NU'MERABLY. ns. NU'MERABLENESS, NUMERABIL'ITY. [L. numerabilis.]

NUMERAL, nu'mer-al, adj. pertaining to or consisting of number.-n. a figure used to express a number, as 1, 2, 3, etc. [L. numeralis-numerus.] NUMERARY, nu'mer-ar-i, adj., belonging to a certain number. [Fr. numéraire— NUMERATE, nu'mer-at, v.t. (orig.) to enu• Low L. numerarius.] merate, to number: to point off and read, as figures.

NUMERATION, nu-mer-a'shun, n. act of

numbering: the art of reading numbers. NUMERATOR, nu'mer-a-tor, n. one who numbers: the upper number of a vulgar fraction, which expresses the number of fractional parts taken.

NUMERIC, nu-mer'ik, NUMERICAL, numer'ik-al, adj. belonging to, or consisting in number: the same both in number and kind.-adv. NUMERICALLY. NUMEROUS, nu'mer-us, adj. great in number: being many. adv. NU'MER

OUSLY.-N. NUMEROUSNESS. NUMISMATIC, nu-mis-mat'ik, adj. pertaining to money, coins, or medals. [L. numisma-Gr. nomisma, current coinnomizo, to use commonly-nomos, custom.] NUMISMATICS, nu-mis-mat'iks, n.sing. the science of coins and medals. NUMISMATOLOGY, nu-mis-ma-tol'o-ji, n. the science of coins and medals in relation to history.-n. NUMISMATOLOGIST, one versed in numismatology. [L. numisma -Gr. nomisma, and logos, science.] NUMMULITE, num'u-līt, n. (geol.) a fossil shell resembling a coin. [L. nummus, a coin, and Gr. lithos, a stone.] NUMSKULL, num'skul, n. a blockhead. [From NUMB and SKULL.]

NUN, nun, n. in R. Cath. Church, a female who devotes herself to celibacy and seclusion (zool.) a kind of pigeon with the feathers on its head like the hood of a nun. [A.S. nunna-Low L. nunna, nonna, a nun, an old maiden lady, the orig. sig. being "mother;" cf. Gr. nanně, aunt, Sans. nana, a child's word for "mother."]

NUNCIATURE, nun'shi-a-tūr, n. the office of a nuncio.

NUNCIO, nun'shi-o, n. an ambassador from the Pope to an emperor or king. [It.-L. nuncius, a messenger, one who brings news; prob. a contr. of noventius, from an obs. verb novere, to make new, novus, new.]

NUNCUPATIVE, nun-ku'pa-tiv or nun'kū-pā-tiv, NUNCUPATORY, nun-ku'pator-i, adj., declaring publicly or solemnly: (law.) verbal, not written. [Fr. nuncupatif-Low L. nuncupativus, "nominal -L. nuncupare, to call by name-prob. from nomen, name, capio, to take.] NUNNERY, nun'er-i, n. a house for nuns. NUPTIAL, nup'shal, adj. pertaining to marriage: done at a marriage: constituting marriage.-n.pl. NUPTIALS, marriage wedding ceremony. [Fr.-L. nup

NYCTALOPIA

tialis-nuptiæ, marriage-nubo, nuptum, to veil, to marry.]

NURSE, nurs, n. a woman who nourishes an infant a mother, while her infant is at the breast: one who has the care of infants or of the sick: (hort.) a shrub or tree which protects a young plant.-.t. to tend, as an infant, or a sick person: to bring up to manage with care and economy. [O. Fr. nurrice (Fr. nourrice)-L. nutrix-nutrio, to suckle, to nourish.] NURSERY, nurs'er-i, n. place for nursing: an apartment for young children: a place where the growth of anything is promoted: (hort.) a piece of ground where plants are reared.

NURSING-FATHER, nurs'ing-fä'ther, n. (B.) a foster-father.

NURSLING, nurs'ling, n. that which is nursed: an infant. [NURSE, and dim. ling.] NURTURE, nurt'ur, n. act of nursing or nourishing: nourishment: education: instruction.-v.t. to nourish: to bring up: to educate.-n. NURT'URER. [Fr. nourriture-Low L. nutritura-L. nutrio, to nourish.]

NUT, nut, n. the fruit of certain trees, consisting of a kernel in a hard shell: a small block of metal for screwing on the end of a bolt.-v.i. to gather nuts :-pr.p. nutt'ing; pa.p. nutt'ed. [A.S. hnutu; Ice. hnot, Dut. noot, Ger. nuss.]

NUTANT, nu'tant, adj., nodding: (bot.) having the top bent downward. nuto, to nod.]

[L.

NUTATION, nu-ta'shun, n. a nodding: (astr.) a periodical vibratory motion of the earth's axis: (bot.) the turning of flowers towards the sun. NUT-BROWN, nut'-brown, adj., brown, like a ripe old nut.

NUTCRACKER, nut'krak-er, n. an instrument for cracking nuts: a bird in Europe and N. Asia which feeds on nuts, berries, and insects.

NUTHATCH, nut'hach, n. a small climbing bird which feeds on nuts and insects, called also NUT JOBBER, NUT PECKER. [M. E. nuthake, hacker of nuts.] NUTMEG, nut'meg, n. the aromatic kernel of an E. India tree. [M. E. notemuge, a hybrid word formed from NUT and O. Fr. muge, musk-L. muscus, musk. See MUSK.]

NUTRIA, nu'tri-a, n. the fur of the coypu, a kind of beaver, in S. America. [Sp. nutria, nutra-Gr. enudris, an otter.] NUTRIENT, nu'tri-ent, adj., nourishing.n. anything nourishing. [L. nutrio, to nourish.1 NUTRIMENT, nu'tri-ment, n. that which nourishes: food. [L. nutrimentum—nutrio, to nourish.]

NUTRIMENTAL, nu-tri-ment'al, adj. having the quality of nutriment or food: nutritious. NUTRITION, nu-trish'un, n. act of nourishing process of promoting the growth of bodies.

NUTRITIOUS, nu-trish'us, adj., nourishing: promoting growth.-adv. NUTRI'TIOUSLY.-n. NUTRITIOUSNESS. NUTRITIVE, nu'tri-tiv, adj., nourishing. -adv. NU'TRITIVELY. -n. NU'TRITIVE

NESS.

NUX VOMICA, nuks vom'ik-a, n. the fruit of an E. Indian tree, from which the powerful poison known as strychnine is obtained. [L. nux, a nut, and vomicus, from vomo, to vomit.]

NUZZLE, nuz'l, v.i. to poke about with the nose, like a swine. [A freq. verb from NOSE.]

NYCTALOPIA, nik-ta-lō'pi-a, NYCTALOPY, nik'ta-lō-pi, n. a diseased state of vision, in which objects are seen only at

NYCTALOPS

night or in the dusk. [Gr. nyktalopianyktalops, seeing by night only-nyx, nyktos, night, õps, vision.] NYCTALOPS, nik'ta-lops, n. one affected with nyctalopy.

NYLGHAU, nil'gaw, n. a large species of antelope, in N. Hindustan, the males of which are of a bluish color. [Pers. nilgaw nil, blue, gaw, ox, cow.] NYMPH, nimf, n. a maiden : (myth.) one of the beautiful goddesses who inhabited every region of the earth and waters.adj. NYMPH'-LIKE. [Fr.-L. nympha— Gr. nymphe, a bride, lit. " a veiled one (like Ľ. nupta), from same root as Gr. nephos, a cloud.]

NYMPH, nimf, NYMPHA, nimfa, n. the pupa or chrysalis of an insect:-pl. NYMPHE (nimf'ē).

NYMPHEAN, nim-fe'an, adj. pertaining to or inhabited by nymphs. NYMPHICAL, nimf'ik-al, adj. pertaining to nymphs.

NYMPHOLEPSY, nimf'o-lep-si, n. a species of madness which seized those who had seen nymphs. [Gr. nymphe, a nymph, and lambano, lepsomai, to seize.]

O, ō, int. an exclamation of wonder, pain, grief, etc.

OAF, of, n. a foolish child left by the fairies in place of another: a doÏt, an idiot. [A form of ELF.]

OAK, ōk, n. a tree of many species, the most famous of which is the British oak, so valuable for its timber. [A.S. ac; Ice. eik, Ger. eiche.] OAKAPPLE, ōk'ap-1, n. a spongy substance on the leaves of the oak, caused by insects, so called from its likeness to a small apple, called also OAK'LEAF

GALL.

OAKEN, ōk'n, adj. consisting or made of oak.

OAKLING, ōk'ling, n. a young oak. OAKUM, ōk'um, n. old ropes untwisted

and teased into loose hemp for calking the seams of ships. [A.S. acumba, œcemba-cemb, that which is combed-cemban, to COMB.]

OAR, ōr, n. a light pole with a flat end for rowing boats.-v.t. to impel by rowing.v.i. to row. [A.S. ar; cog. with Gr. eressein, to row, amph-er-es, two-oared.] OARED, ōrd, adj. furnished with oars. OARSMAN, ōrz'man, n. one who rows with

an oar.

OASIS, ō'a-sis or ō-ā'sis, n. a fertile spot in a sandy desert-pl. OASES (ō'a-sez or ō-ā'sēz). [L.-Gr. oasis; from Coptic ouahe, a resting-place or dwelling.] OAT, ōt (oftener in pl. OATS, ōts), n. a wellknown grassy plant, the seeds of which are much used as food: its seeds.-n. OAT CAKE, a thin broad cake made of oatmeal. [A.S. ata, oat.]

OATEN, ōt'n, adj. consisting of an oat stem or straw: made of oatmeal. OATH, ōth, n. a solemn statement with an appeal to God as witness, and a calling for his vengeance in case of falsehood or failure-pl. OATHS (ōthz). [A.S. ath; Ger. eid, Ice. eidhr.]

OATMEAL, ōt'mēl, n. meal made of oats. OBDURACY, ob'dū-ras-i, n. state of being obdurate invincible hardness of heart. OBDURATE, ob'dū-rāt, adj. hardened in heart or feelings: stubborn.-adv. Oв'DURATELY.-N. OB'DURATENESS. [L. obduratus, pa.p. of obduro-ob, against, duro, to harden-durus, hard.] OBEDIENCE, ō-be'di-ens, n. state of being

302

obedient: compliance with what is required dutifulness. OBEDIENT, ō-be'di-ent, adj. willing to

obey: dutiful.-adv. OBE'DIENTLY. [Fr. -L. obedio.]

OBEISANCE, ō-bā'sans, n., obedience: a bow or act of reverence. [Fr. obéissance -obéissant, pr.p. of obéir, to obey.] OBELISK, ob'e-lisk, n. a tall, four-sided tapering pillar, cut off at the top like a flat pyramid: (print.) a dagger (†). [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. obeliskos, dim. of obelos, belos, a dart-ballo, to throw.]

OBESE, ō-bes', adj. fat: fleshy. [L. obesus -ob, and edo, esum, to eat. OBESENESS, ō-bes'nes, OBESITY, ō-bes'it-i, n., fatness: abnormal fatness. OBEY, ō-ba', v.t. to do as told: to be ruled by: to yield to.-v.i. (B.) to yield obedience (followed by to).-n. OBEY'ER. [Fr. obéir L. obedio-ob, against, towards, audio, to hear.]

OBEYINGLY, ō-bā'ing-li, adv., obediently. OBFUSCATE, ob-fus'kāt, v.t. to darken: to confuse.-n. OBFUSCA'TION. [L. obfusco, obfuscatum - ob, inten., and fuscus, dark.]

OBIT, o'bit or ob'it, n., death: funeral solemnities: an anniversary mass for the repose of a departed soul. [Fr.L. obitus-obeo, to go to meet ob, against, eo, to go.] OBITUAL, ō-bit'ů-al, adj. pertaining to OBITUARY, ō-bit'u-ar-i, adj. relating to the death of a person.-n. a register of deaths (orig.) in a monastery: an account of a deceased person or notice of his death.

obits.

OBJECT, ob-jekt', v.t. to offer in opposition: to oppose.-v.i. to oppose.-n. OBJECT'OR. [Fr.-L. objecto, a freq. of objicio, -jectum-ob, in the way of, and jacio, to throw.]

OBJECT, ob'jekt, n. anything set or thrown before the mind: that which is sought for end: motive: (gram.) that which follows a transitive verb. OBJECT-GLASS, ob'jekt-glas, n. the glass at the end of a telescope or microscope next the object.

OBJECTION, ob-jek'shun, n. act of objecting: anything in opposition: argument against.

OBJECTIONABLE, ob-jek'shun-a-bl, adj. that may be objected to. OBJECTIVE, ob-jekt'iv, adj. relating to an object being exterior to the mind: as opp. to subjective, that which is real or which exists in nature, in contrast with what is ideal or exists merely in the thought of the individual: (gram.) belonging to the case of the object.-n. (gram.) the case of the object: (war) the point to which the operations of an army are directed.-adv. ÔBJECT'IVELY. OBJECTIVENESS, ob-jekt'iv - nes, OBJECTIVITY, ob-jek-tiv'i-ti, n. state of being objective.

OBJURGATION, ob-jur-ga'shun, n. a blaming reproof: reprehension. [Fr.-L.ob, against, and jurgare, to sue at law, to quarrel with-jus, law, and ago, to drive.]

OBJURGATORY, ob-jur'ga-tor-i, adj. expressing blame or reproof. OBLATE, ob-lāt', adj. flattened at opposite sides or poles: shaped like an orange.n. OBLATE'NESS. [L. oblatus, pa.p. of offero, to carry forward, to offer-ob, against, and fero, to bring.] OBLATION, ob-la'shun, n. anything offered in worship or sacred service: an offering. [Fr.-L. oblatio.]

OBLIGATION, ob-li-ga'shun, n. act of obliging that which binds any act

OBSCURE

which binds one to do something for another state of being indebted for a favor (law) a bond containing a penalty on failure. OBLIGATORY, ob'li-ga-tor-i, adj., binding: imposing duty.- adv. OB'LIGATORILY.n. OB'LIGATORINESS.

OBLIGE, ō-blīj', v.t. to bind or constrain : to bind by some favor rendered, hence to do a favor to. [Fr.-L. obligo, obligatum -ob, and ligo, to bind.] OBLIGEE, ob-li-je', n. (law) the person to whom another is obliged or bound. OBLIGING, ō-blīj'ing, adj. disposed to oblige or confer favors.-adv. OBLIG'INGLY.-N. OBLIG'INGNESS.

OBLIGOR, ob-li-gor', n. (law) the person who binds himself to another. OBLIQUE, ob-lēk', adj., slanting: not perpendicular: not parallel: not straightforward obscure: (geom.) not a right angle (gram.) denoting any case except the nominative.-adv. ÖBLIQUE'LY. [Fr. -L. obliquus-ōb, and liquis, bent, slanting.]

OBLIQUENESS, ob-lēk'nes, OBLIQUITY, ob-lik'wi-ti, n. state of being oblique: a slanting direction: error or wrong: irregularity.

OBLITERATE, ob-lit'er-āt, v.t. to blot out: to wear out to destroy: to reduce to a very low state. [L. oblitero, -atum—ob, over, and litera, a letter. See LETTER.] OBLITERATION, ob-lit-er-a'shun, n. act of obliterating: a blotting or wearing out extinction. OBLIVION, ob-liv'i-un, n. act of forgetting or state of being forgotten: remission of punishment. [Fr.-L. oblivio, oblivionis -obliviscor, to forget, from root of livere, to become dark; hence, to have the mind darkened, to forget.]

OBLIVIOUS, ob-liv'i-us, adj., forgetful : causing forgetfulness.-adv. OBLIVIOUSLY.-N. OBLIVIOUSNESS. OBLONG, ob'long, adj., long in one way: longer than broad.-n. (geom.) a rectangle longer than broad: any oblong figure. [Fr.-L. ob, over, and longus, long.]

OBLOQUY, ob'lo-kwi, n. a speaking against: reproachful language: censure: calumny. [L. obloquium-ob, against, and loquor, to speak.] OBNOXIOUS, ob-nok'shus, adj., liable to hurt or punishment: blameworthy: offensive subject: answerable.-adv. OBNOX'IOUSLY. -N. OBNOX'IOUSNESS. [L. obnoxius-ob, before, and noxa, hurt. See NOXIOUS.] OBOE.

See HAUTBOY. OBOLUS, ob'o-lus, n. in ancient Greece, a small silver coin, worth about three cents; also a weight, the sixth part of a drachma. [Gr. obelos, a spit, from the coin being marked with a spit, or from iron and copper nails being used in ancient barter.]

OBSCENE, ob-sen', adj. offensive to chastity: unchaste: indecent: disgusting.— adv. OBSCENE'LY. [L. obscenus; perh. from ob and cænum, filth, or (with meaning of "unlucky") from scaevus, lefthanded, unlucky.]

OBSCENENESS, ob-sen'nes, OBSCENITY, ob-sen'i-ti, n. quality of being obscene lewdness.

OBSCURANT, ob-skur'ant, n. one who obscures a writer who opposes the progress of modern enlightenment. OBSCURANTISM, ob-skur'ant-izm, n. the doctrine or principles of an obscurant. OBSCURATION, ob-skūr-a'shun, n. the act of obscuring or state of being obscured. OBSCURE, ob-skür', adj., dark: not distinct not easily understood: not clear or legible: unknown: humble: living in

SERV'ABLENESS. OBSERVANCE, ob-zerv'ans, n. act of observing: performance: attention: that which is to be observed: rule of practice. [Fr.-L. observantia.] OBSERVANT, ob-zervant, adj., observing: taking notice: adhering to: carefully attentive.-adv. OBSERV'ANTLY. OBSERVATION, ob-zer-va'shun, n. act of observing attention: as distinguished from experiment, the act of recognizing and noting phenomena as they occur in nature that which is observed: a remark: performance. OBSERVATIONAL, ob-zer-vā'shun-al, adj. consisting of or containing observations or remarks.

OBSERVATOR, ob'zerv-a-tor, n. one who observes: a remarker.

OBSERVATORY, ob-zerv'a-tor-i, n. a place for making astronomical and physical observations.

OBSERVE, ob-zerv', v.t. to keep in view: to notice to regard attentively to remark: to comply with: to keep religiously (B.) to keep or guard.-v.i. to take notice: to attend to remark.-n.

OBSERVER. [Fr.-L. observo, -atum-ob, | and servo, to heed, keep.]

OBSERVING, ob-zerv'ing, adj. habitually taking notice: attentive.-adv. OBSERV'

INGLY.

OBSIDIAN, ob-sid’i-an, n. a glass produced by volcanoes. [So called from Obsidius, who, acc. to Pliny, discovered it in Ethiopia.]

OBSOLESCENT, ob-so-les'ent, adj., going out of use. [L. obsolescens, -entis, pr.p. of obsolesco, obsoletum-ob, and soleo, to be wont.]

OBSOLETE, ob'so-lēt, adj., gone out of use: antiquated: (zool.) obscure: rudimental. -n. OB'SOLETENESS.

OBSTACLE, ob'sta-kl, n. anything that stands in the way of or hinders progress: obstruction. [Fr.-L. obstaculum-ob, in the way of, sto, to stand.] OBSTETRIC, ob-stet'rik, OBSTETRICAL, ob-stet'rik-al, adj. pertaining to midwifery. [L. obstetricius-obstetrix, -icis, a midwife, a female that stands before or near-ob, before, and sto, to stand.] OBSTETRICS, ob-stet'riks, n.sing. the science of midwifery.

OBSTINACY, ob'sti-nas-i, OBSTINATENESS, ob'sti-nat-nes, n. the being obstinate excess of firmness: stubbornness : fixedness that yields with difficulty. OBSTINATE, ob'sti-nat, adj. blindly or excessively firm: unyielding: stubborn: not easily subdued.-adv. OB'STINATELY. [L. obstino, -atum-ob, in the way of, sto, to stand.] OBSTREPEROUS, ob- strep'er - us, adj., making a loud noise: clamorous: noisy. -adv. OBSTREP'EROUSLY. [L. obstreperus-ob, and strepere, to make a noise.] OBSTRUCT, ob-strukt', v.t. to block up: to hinder from passing: to retard. [L.

OBSTRUENT, ob'strōō-ent, adj., obstructing: blocking up.-n. (med.) anything that obstructs in the body. [L. obstruens, -entis, pr.p. of obstruo.]

OBTAIN, ob-tan', v.t. to lay hold of: to hold: to procure by effort to gain.-v.i. to be established: to continue in use: to become held or prevalent: to subsist: (rare) to succeed." [Fr.-L. obtineo—ob, and teneo, to hold.] OBTAINABLE, ob-tān'a-bl, adj. that may be obtained, procured, or acquired. OBTRUDE, ob-trōōd', v.t. to thrust in upon when not wanted to urge upon against the will of.-v.i. to thrust or be thrust upon. [L. obtrudo-ob, and trudo, trusum, to thrust.] OBTRUDING, ob-trōōd'ing, OBTRUSION, ob-trōō'zhun, n. a thrusting in or upon against the will of.

OBTRUSIVE, ob-trōōs'iv, adj. disposed to obtrude or thrust one's self among others. -adv. OBTRUSIVELY. OBTUSE, ob-tūs', adj., blunt: not pointed: stupid not shrill: (geom.) greater than a right angle.-adv. OBTUSE'LY.-n. OBTUSE'NESS. [Fr.-L. obtusus-obtundo, to blunt-ob, against, tundo, to beat.] OBVERSE, ob-vers', adj., turned towards one bearing the face: (bot.) having the base narrower than the top.-adv. ОвVERSE'LY. [L. obversus· ob, towards, and verto, to turn.] OBVERSE, ob'vers, n. the side of a coin containing the head or principal symbol: -opposed to REVERSE.

OBVIATE, ob'vi-āt, v.t. to remove, as difficulties. [L. obvio-ob, in the way of, and vio, viatum, to go-via, a way.] OBVIOUS, ob'vi-us, adj., meeting in the way: evident.-adv. OB'VIOUSLY.-n. OB'VIOUSNESS. [L. obvius.]

OBVOLUTE, ob'vo-lut, OBVOLUTED, ob'vo-lut-ed, adj., rolled or turned in: (bot.) arranged so as alternately to overlap. [L. obvolutus-ob, and volvo, volutum, to roll.] OCCASION, ok-kā'zhun, n. occurrence: opportunity: requirement.-v.t. to cause: to influence. [Fr.-L. occasio-occidoob, in the way of, and cado, casum, to fall.]

OCCASIONAL, ok-kā'zhun-al, adj., falling in the way or happening: occurring only at times resulting from accident: produced on some special event.-adv. OcCA'SIONALLY. OCCIDENT, ok'si-dent, n. the western quarter of the hemisphere where the sun goes down or sets: the west.-adj. OCCIDENTAL, noting the quarter where the sun goes down or sets: western.-adv. OCCIDENTALLY. [Fr.-L. occidens, -entis, pr.p. of occido, to fall down.] OCCIPITAL, ok-sip'it-al, adj. pertaining to the occiput or back part of the head. OCCIPUT, ok'si-put, n. the back part of the head or skull. [L.-ob, over against, caput, head.]

OCCULT, ok-kult', adj., covered over: hidden secret: unknown.-adv. OcCULT'LY.-ns. OCCULT'ISM, the science of the unknown, OCCULT'NESS. [Fr.-L. occulto, to hide-occulo, to cover overob, over, and cal, root of celo, to conceal, clam, secretly; Gr. kryptō, kalyptō, to hide, E. HULL, a husk.]

OCCULTATION, ok-kul-ta'shun, n. a con

OCTOBER

cealing, esp. of one of the heavenly bodies by another.

OCCUPANCY, ok'u-pan-si, n. the act of occupying, or of taking or holding possession: possession.

OCCUPANT, ok'ū-pant, n. one who takes or has possession.

OCCUPATION, ok-u-pa'shun, n. the act of occupying or taking possession: pos session: employment. OCCUPIER, ok'u-pi-er, n. an occupant: (B.) a trader.

OCCUPY, ok'ū-pī, v.t. to take or seize: to hold possession of: to cover or fill: to employ: (B.) to use: to trade with.-v.i. to hold possession: (B.) to trade:-pa.t. and pa.p. occ'upied. [Fr.-L. occupo, -atum-ob, and capio, to take.] OCCUR, ok-kur', v.i. to come or be presented to the mind: to happen: to appear: to be found here and there:--pr.p. occurr'ing; pa.p. occurred'. [Fr.-L. occurro -ob, towards, and curro, to run.] OCCURRENCE, ok-kur'ens, n. anything that occurs: an event: occasional presentation. OCCURRENT, ok-kur'ent, n. (B.) an occurrence or chance.—adj. (B.) coming in the way.

OCEAN, ō'shun, n. the vast expanse of salt water that covers the greater part of the surface of the globe: also, one of its five great divisions: any immense expanse. adj. pertaining to the great sea. [Fr.-L. oceanus — -Gr. õkeanos, perh. from ōkys, swift, and naō, to flow.] OCEANIC, ō-she-an'ik, adj. pertaining to the ocean: found or formed in the ocean. OCELOT, ō'se-lot, n. the name of several species of animals in the tropical parts of S. America allied to the leopard, but much smaller. [Mex. ocelotl.] OCHLOCRACY, ok-lok'ra-si, n., mob-rule: a government by the populace.-adjs. OCHLOCRATIC, OCHLOCRATICAL. OCHLOCRATICALLY. [Gr. ochlokratiaochlos, the mob, and kratos, rule.] OCHRACEOUS, ō-krā'shus, adj. of an ochre color.

adv.

OCHRE, o'ker, n. a fine clay, mostly pale yellow. [Fr.-L. ochra - Gr. ōchraochros, pale yellow; Sans. hari, yellow.] OCHREOUS, o'kre-us, OCHRY, o'kri, adj. consisting of, containing, or resembling ochre.

OCTAGON, ok'ta-gon, n. a plane figure of eight sides and eight angles.-adj. ÕCTAG'ONAL. [Gr. oktō, eight, and gōnia, an angle.]

OCTAHEDRON, ok-ta-he'dron, n. a solid figure with eight equal sides, each of which is an equilateral triangle.-adj. OCTAHEDRAL. [Gr. oktō, and hedra, a base.]

OCTANGULAR, ok-tang'gul-ar, adj. having eight angles. [L. octo, eight, and ANGULAR.]

OCTANT, ok'tant, n. the eighth part of a circle the aspect of two planets when 45°, or of a circle, apart. [L. octans, octantis-octo, eight.]

OCTAVE, ok'tāv, adj., eight: consisting of eight.-n. an eighth that which consists of eight: the eighth day inclusive after a church festival: the eight days following a festival inclusive: (mus.) an eighth, or an interval of twelve semitones. [Fr.-L. octavvs, eighth-octo eight.]

OCTAVO, ok-tā'vō, adj. having eight leaves to the sheet.-n. a book having eight leaves to the sheet, contracted 8vo :-pl. OCTA'VOS.

OCTOBER, ok-tō'ber, n. the eighth month of the Roman year, which began in March, but the tenth in our calendar. [L. octo, eight.]

OCTODECIMO

OCTODECIMO, ok-to-des'i-mō, adj. having eighteen leaves to the sheet, contracted 18mo. [L. octodecim, eighteen-octo, eight, and decem, ten.] OCTOGENARIAN, ok-to-jen-a'ri-an, OCTOGENARY, ok-toj'en-ar-i, n. one who is eighty years old. OCTOGENARY,

ok-toj'en-ar-i, adj. of eighty years of age. [L. octogenariusoctogeni, eighty each.] OCTOPOD, ok'to-pod, OCTOPUS, ok'topus, n. a mollusc having a round purselike body and eight arms. [Gr. oktō, eight, and pous, podos, foot.], OCTOROON, ok-to-rōōn', n. the offspring of a quadroon and a white person. [From L. octo, eight.]

OCTOSYLLABIC, ok-to-sil-lab'ik, adj. consisting of eight syllables. [L. octo, eight, and SYLLABIC.]

OCULAR, ok'u-lar, adj. pertaining to the eye formed in or known by the eye: received by actual sight.-adv. OCULARLY. [L. ocularius-oculus, Gr. okkos, akin to E. EYE, Sans. aksha, eye.] OCULIST, ok'ü-list, n. one skilled in eye diseases.

ODALISQUE, o'dal-isk, n. a female slave in a Turkish harem. [Fr.-Turk. oda, a chamber.]

ODD, od, adj. not paired with another: not even: left over after a round number has been taken not exactly divisible by two: strange: unusual: trifling.-adv. ODD'LY. -n. ÖDD'NESS. [From the Scand., as in Ice. oddi, a triangle (which has a third or odd angle and side), hence metaphorically, an odd number-Ice. oddr, a point; conn. with A.S. ord, a point, beginning (as perh. in LORD), and Ger. ort, a place.] ODDFELLOW, od'fel-ō, n. one of a secret benevolent society called Oddfellows. [ODD and FELLOW.]

ODDITY, od'i-ti, n. the state of being odd or singular: strangeness: a singular person or thing.

ODDS, odz, n., inequality: difference in favor of one against another: more than an even wager: advantage: dispute: scraps, miscellaneous pieces, as in the phrase "odds and ends" (lit. "points" and ends). [From ODD.]

ODE, ōd, n. a song: a poem written to be set to music. [Fr.-L. ode, oda-Gr. ōdē, contracted from aoide-aeido, to sing.] ODIOUS, ō'di-us, adj., hateful: offensive: repulsive hated.-adv. O'DIOUSLY.-n. O'DIOUSNESS. [Fr. See ODIUM.] ODIUM, ō'di-um, n., hatred: offensiveness: quality of provoking hate. [L.-odi, to hate.]

ODOMETER, od-om'et-er, n. an instrument for measuring the distance passed over by a carriage by marking the number of revolutions of the wheel. [Gr. hodos, a way, and metron, a measure.] ODONTOLOGY, ō-don-tol'o-ji, n. the science of the teeth. [Gr. odous, odontos, a tooth, and logos, discourse, science.] ODORIFEROUS, ō-dur-if'er-us, adj., bearing odors diffusing fragrance: perfumed.-adv. ODORIFEROUSLY. [L. odoriferus-odor, and fero, to bear.] ODOROUS, ō'dur-us, adj. emitting an odor or scent: sweet-smelling: fragrant.adv. O'DOROUSLY.

ODOR, ō'dur, n., smell: perfume: estimation. [Fr.-L. odor-root od, found in Gr. ozo, to smell.]

ODORLESS, ō'dur-les, adj. without odor. O'ER, ōr, contracted from OVER. CESOPHAGUS. See ESOPHAGUS.

OF, ov, prep. from or out from belonging to: out of: among proceeding from, so in the Litany and Nicene Creed: owing to: concerning: (B. and Pr. Bk.) sometimes-by, from, on, or over. [A.S. of;

304

found in all the Teutonic languages, as Ger. ab, also in L. ab, Gr. apo, Sans. apa, away from.]

worthless.

OF PURPOSE (B.) intentionally. OFF, of, adv. from: away from on the opposite side of a question: not on.-adj. most distant: on the opposite or further side.-prep. not on.-int. away! depart! [Same as OF, differently used.] OFFAL, of'al, n. waste meat: the part of an animal unfit for use: refuse: anything OFFENCE, of-fens', n. any cause of anger [OFF and FALL.] or displeasure: an injury: a crime: a sin affront: assault. OFFEND, of-fend', v.t. to displease or make angry to affront: (B.) to cause to sin. -v.i. to sin: to cause anger: (B.) to be made to sin. [Fr.-L. ob, against, and fendo, akin to Sans. han, to strike.] OFFENDER, of-fend'er, n. one who offends or injures a trespasser: a criminal. OFFENSIVE, of-fens'iv, adj.causing offence: displeasing injurious: used in attack: making the first attack.-n. the act of the attacking party: the posture of one who attacks.-adv. OFFENSIVELY.

-n.

OFFENSIVENESS. [Fr. offensif-L. offendo, offensum-ob, and fendo.] OFFER, of'er, v.t. to bring to or before: to make a proposal to: to lay before: to present to the mind: to attempt: to propose to give: to present in worship.-v.i. to present itself to be at hand to declare a willingness.-n. act of offering: first advance: that which is offered: proposal made.-n. OFFERER. [L. offerre— ob, towards, fero, ferre, to bring.] OFFERABLE, of'er-a-bl, adj. that may be

offered.

OFFERING, of'er-ing, n. that which is offered: (B.) that which is offered on an altar a sacrifice. OFFERTORY, of'er-tor-i, n. in Protestant Episcopal Church, that part of the liturgy where the people's offerings are made in R. Cath. Church, an anthem chanted during the first part of the mass. OFF-HAND, of hand, adv. at once: without hesitating.

OFFICE, of'is, n. settled duty or employment: business: act of good or ill: act of worship: formulary of devotion: peculiar use a place for business: a benefice with no jurisdiction attached. [Lit. a rendering of aid, Fr.-L. officium-opis, aid.]

OFFICE-BEARER, of'is-bar'er, n. one who holds office.

OFFICER, of'i-ser, n. one who holds an office: a person who performs some public office.-v.t. to furnish with officers: to command, as officers.

OFFICIAL, of-fish'al, adj. pertaining to an office depending on the proper office or authority: done by authority.-n. one who holds an office: a subordinate public officer: the deputy of a bishop, etc.adv. OFFICIALLY. [O. Fr.-L. officialis -officium.]

OFFICIATE, of-fish'i-āt, v.i. to perform the duties of an office: to perform official duties for another. OFFICINAL, of-fis'in-al or of-i-sï'nal, adj. belonging to or used in a shop: denoting an approved medicine kept prepared by apothecaries. [Fr.-L. officina, a workshop, contr. from opificina—opifex, -icis -opus, work, facio, to do.] OFFICIOUS, of-fish'us, adj. too forward in offering services: overkind intermeddling. adv. OFFI'CIOUSLY. -n. OFFI'CIOUSNESS. [Fr.-L. officiosus—officium.] OFFING, of'ing, n. a part of the sea with deep water off from the shore. OFFSCOURING, of'skowr-ing, n. matter

OLEANDER

scoured off: refuse: anything vile or despised.

OFFSET, of'set, n. in accounts, a sum or value set off against another as an equivalent a young shoot or bulb: a terrace on a hillside: (arch.) a horizontal ledge on the face of a wall: in surveying, a perpendicular from the main line to an outlying point.-v.t. in accounts, to place against as an equivalent.

OFFSHOOT, of'shoot, n. that which shoots OFFSPRING, of'spring, n. that which off the parent stem: anything growing out of another.

springs from another, a child, or children: issue production of any kind. OFT, oft, OFTEN, of'n, adv., frequently: many times.-adj. OFTEN (B.) frequent. [A.S.; Ger. oft, Goth. ufta.] OFTENNESS, of'n-nes, n. frequency. OFTTIMES, oft'timz, OFTENTIMES, of'ntimz, adv., many times: frequently. [OFT and TIMES.] OGEE, ō-je', n. a wave-like moulding with the convex part upwards. [Fr. ogive.] OGHAM, og'am, n. a peculiar kind of writing practiced by the ancient Irish: OGLE, o'gl, v.t. to look at fondly with side its characters. glances.v.i. to practice ogling.. O'GLER, O'GLING. [Dut. oogen-ooge, the eye: cf. Ger. äugeln.]

-ns.

OGRE, o'ger, n. a man-eating monster or giant of fairy tales:-fem. O'GRESS.-adj. O'GREISH, like an ogre in character or appearance. [Fr. ogre-Sp. ogro - L. orcus, the lower world, the god of the dead; cf. A.S. orc, a demon.]

OH, ō, int. denoting surprise, pain, sorrow,

etc.

OIL, oil, n. the juice from the fruit of the olive-tree any greasy liquid.-v.t. to smear or anoint with oil. [O. Fr. oile (Fr. huile)-L. oleum-Gr. elaion-elaia, the olive.]

OILBAĞ, oil'bag, n. a bag or cyst in animals containing oil.

OILCAKE, oil'kāk, n. a cake made of flaxseed from which the oil has been pressed out.

OILCLOTH, oil-kloth, n. a painted floorcloth.

OIL-COLOR, oil'-kul'ur, n. a coloring sub

stance mixed with oil. OILNUT, oil'nut, n. the butter-nut of N. America.

OIL-PAINTING, oil'-pant'ing, n. a picture painted in oil-colors: the art of painting in oil-colors.

OILY, oil'i, adj. consisting of, containing, or having the qualities of oil: greasy.n. OIL'INESS. OINTMENT, oint'ment, n. anything used in anointing: (med.) any greasy substance applied to diseased or wounded parts: (B.) a perfume. [O. Fr. oignement, ointment, Fr. oindre, to anoint-L. unguentum-ungo, to smear.]

OLD, ōld, adj. advanced in years: having been long in existence: decayed by time: out of date ancient: having the age or duration of long practiced. -n. OLD' NESS.-OLD STYLE (often written with a date O. S.), the mode of reckoning time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of 365 days. [A.S. eald; Ger. alt, from a root seen in Goth. alan, to nourish, L. alo (hence adultus) to nourish.]

OLDEN, öld'n, adj., old: ancient. OLEAGINOUS, ō-le-aj'in-us, adj., oily: (bot.) fleshy and oily. -n. OLEAG'INOUSNESS. [L. oleaginus―oleum, oil.] OLEANDER, ō-le-an'der, n. an evergreen shrub with beautiful flowers. [Fr., being a corr. of RHODODENDRON.]

OLEASTER

OLEASTER, ō-le-as'ter, n. the wild olive. [L.-olea, an olive-tree, from Gr. elaia.] OLEIFEROUS, ō-le-if'er-us, adj., producing oil, as seeds. [L. oleum, oil, and fero, to bear.]

OLEOGRAPH, ō'le-o-graf, n. a print in oilcolors to imitate an oil-painting. [L. oleum, oil, and Gr. graphō, to write, draw.]

OLEOMARGARINE, ō-le-o-märʼga-rēn, n. a substitute for butter, prepared from beef-tallow: artificial butter: butterine. [L. oleum, oil, and E. margarine.] OLFACTORY, ol-fak'tor-i, adj. pertaining to or used in smelling. [L. olfacto, to smell oleo, to smell-root of odor, smell, facio, to do or make.] OLIGARCH, ol'i-gärk, n. a member of an oligarchy.

OLIGARCHAL, ol-i-gärk'al, OLIGARCHICAL, ol-i-gärk'ik-al, adj. pertaining to an oligarchy.

OLIGARCHY, ol'i-gärk-i, n., government by a few: a state governed by a few. [Fr.-Gr., from oligos, few, arche, rule.] OLIO, ō'li-ō, n. a dish of different sorts of meat and vegetables boiled together: a mixture (music) a medley: a literary miscellany. [Sp. olla-L. olla, a pot.] OLIVACEOUS, ol-i-va'shus, adj., olivecolored olive-green. [Fr.-L. oliva.] OLIVE, ol'iv, n. a tree cultivated round the Mediterranean for its oily fruit: its fruit peace, of which the olive was the emblem: a color like the unripe olive. [Fr.-L. oliva-Gr. elaia.]

66

OLLA - PODRIDA, ol'la-po-dre'da, n. a mixed stew or hash of meat and vegetables in common use in Spain: any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection. [Sp., lit. 'putrid or rotten pot "-L. olla, a pot, and puter, putrid.] OLYMPIAD, ō-lim'pi-ad, n. in ancient Greece, a period of four years, being the interval between the Olympic games, used in reckoning time (the date of the 1st Olympiad is 776 B.C.). [Gr. olympias, -ados, belonging to Olympia, a district in Elis in ancient Greece.] OLYMPIAN, ō-lim'pi-an, OLYMPIC, ōLYMPIC, lim'pik, adj. pertaining to Olympia, where the Olympic games were celebrated, or to Mt. Olympus, the fabled seat of the gods.-OLYMPICS, OLYMPIC GAMES, games celebrated every four years, dedicated to Olympian Jupiter.

OMBRE, om'ber, n. a game of cards usu

ally played by three persons. [Fr.-Sp. hombre-L. homo, a man.]

OMEGA, o'meg-a or o-me'ga, n. (lit.) the great O, the last letter of the Greek alphabet: (B.) the end. [Gr. ō mega, the great or long O.]

OMELET, OMELETTE, om'e-let, n. a pan

cake chiefly of eggs. [Fr. omelette, of which the O. Fr. is amelette, which through the form alemette is traced to alemelle, the O. Fr. form of Fr. alumelle, a thin plate, a corr. (with the prep. à) of lamelle, dim. of lame-L. lamina, a thin plate.]

OMEN, o'men, n. a sign of some future event. [L. for osmen, that which is uttered by the mouth, L. os; or for ausmen, "that which is heard"-audio, to hear.]

OMENED, o'mend, adj. containing omens. OMER, ō'mer, n. a Hebrew dry measure

containing part of a homer. [See HOMER.]

OMINOUS, om'in-us, adj. pertaining to or containing an omen: foreboding evil: inauspicious.-adv. OM'INOUSLY.-n. Om'

INOUSNESS.

OMISSIBLE, ō-mis'i-bl, adj. that may be omitted.

OMISSION, ō-mish'un, n. act of omitting:

T

305

the neglect or failure to do something required that which is left out. [Fr.L. omissio.]

OMISSIVE, ō-mis'iv, adj., omitting or leaving out.

66

OMIT, ō-mit', v.t. to leave out to neglect: to fail :-pr.p. omitt'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. omitt'ed. [L. omitto, omissum-ob, away, mitto, to send.] OMNIBUS, om'ni-bus, n. a large fourwheeled vehicle for conveying passengers, chiefly used in towns:-pl. OM'NIBUSES. [Lit. something for all," L. dative pl. of omnis, all.] OMNIFARIOUS, om-ni-fa'ri-us, adj. of all varieties or kinds. [L. omnifarius-omnis, all, and varius, various.] OMNIFEROUS, om-nif'er-us, adj., bearing or producing all kinds. [L. omnifer— omnis, fero, to bear.]

OMNIPOTENCE, om-nip'o-tens, OMNIPOTENCY, om-nip'o-ten-si, n. unlimited

all, and POTENT.] OMNIPRESENT, om-ni-pres'ent, adj., present everywhere.-n. OMNIPRES'ENCE. [L. omnis, and PRESENT.] OMNISCIENT, om-nish'ent, adj., all-know ing all-seeing: infinitely wise.-adv. OMNIS'CIENTLY.-n. OMNIS'CIF NCE. [L. omnis, all, and sciens, scientis, knowing -scio, to know.] OMNIUM-GATHERUM;

om'n-um-gath'

er-um, n. a miscellaneous collection of things or persons. [L. omnium, of all, gen. pl. of omnis, all, and a slang Latinized form of E. gather.]

OMNIVOROUS, om-niv'or-us, adj., all-devouring: (zool.) feeding on both animal and vegetable food. [L. omnivorus— omnis, all, and voro, to devour.] OMPHALIC, om-fal'ik, adj. pertaining to the navel. [Gr. omphalikos--omphalos, the navel.]

ON, on, prep. in contact with the upper part of: to and towards the surface of: upon or acting by contact with: not off: at or near at or during: in addition to: toward, for at the peril of in consequence: immediately after: (B.) off.adv. above, or next beyond: forward, in succession in continuance: not off.int. go on! proceed! [A.S on, which with the cog. Dut. aan, Ice. á (an), Ger. an, and Gr. ana, is from an Aryan pronominal base ana; whence also is prep. IN.]

ONAGER, on'a-jer, n. the wild ass of Central Asia. [L.-Gr. onagros, for onos agrios-onos, an ass, agrios, living in the fields-agros, a field.]

ONCE, ons, n. same as OUNCE, the animal.

ONCE, wuns, adv. a single time: at a former time.-n. one time. [M.E. ones-A.S. anes, orig. the gen. of an, one, used as an adv. See NONCE.] ONE, wun, pron. a person (spoken of indefinitely), as in the phrase ONE SAYS. [Merely a special use of the numeral one: hence nowise conn. with Fr. on-L. homo, a man.]

ONE, wun, adj. single in number: single: undivided: the same.-AT ONE, of one mind. [M.E. oon-A.S. an; cog. with Ice. einn, Ger. ein, Goth. ains; also with L. unus, and W. un.]

ONENESS, wun'nes, n. singleness: unity. ONERARY, on'er-ar-i, adj. fitted or intended for carrying burdens: comprising burdens. [L. onerarius-onus, oneris, a burden.]

ONEROUS, on'er-us, adj., burdensome:

OPEN

oppressive.-adv. ON'EROUSLY. erosus-onus.]

[L. on

ONESIDED, wun'sīd-ed, adj. limited to one side partial.-n. ONESID'EDNESS. ONGOING, on'go-ing, n. a going on: course of conduct event.

ONION, un'yun, n. a common plant, with a bulbous root. [Fr. oignon-L. unio, -onis-unus, one.]

ONLY, ōn'li, adj. (lit.) one-like: single: this above all others: alone.-adv. in one manner for one purpose: singly: merely barely. [A.S. anlic (adj.)—an, one, and lic, like.]

ONOMATOPOEIA, on-o-mat-o-pe'ya, n. the formation of a word with resemblance in sound to that of the thing signified: such a word itself, also the use of such a word, as "click," "cuckoo." — adj. ONOMATOPOET'IC. [Lit. "name-making," Gr. onoma, -atos, a name, poieō, to make.] ONSET, on'set, n. violent attack: assault: a storming. [ON and SET.] ONSLAUGHT, on'slawt, n. an attack or onset: assault. [A.S. on, on, and sleaht, a stroke. See SLAUGHTER.] ONTOLOGY, on-tol'o-ji, n. the science that treats of the principles of pure being: metaphysics. adjs. ONTOLOG'IC, ONTOLOG'ICAL.-adv. ONTOLOG'ICALLY.-N. ONTOL'OGIST, one versed in ontology. [Gr. ōn, ontos, being pr.p. of eimi (Sans. as), to be, and logos, discourse.] ONWARD, on'ward, adj., going on: advancing: advanced.-adv. toward a point on or in front: forward. [ON, and WARD, direction.]

ONWARDS, on'wardz, adv, same as ON

WARD.

ONYX, on'iks, n. (min.) an agate formed of layers of chalcedony of different colors, used for making cameos, so called from its likeness to the nail in color. [L.— Gr. o-nyx, o-nych-os, a finger-nail. See NAIL.]

OOLITE, ō'o-līt, n. (geol.) a kind of lime

stone, composed of grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.-adj. ÖOLIT'IC. [Fr. oolithe, from Gr. ōon, an egg, and lithos, stone. See OVAL.]

OOZE, ōōz, n. soft mud: gentle flow: the liquor of a tan vat.-v.i. to flow gently: to percolate, as a liquid through pores. [M.E. wose-A.S. wase, mud; akin to A.S. wos, juice, and Ice. vas, moisture.] OOZY, ōōz'i, adj. resembling ooze: slimy. OPACITY, o-pas'i-ti, n. opaqueness: obscurity. [See OPAQUE.]

OPAH, ō'pa, n. a sea-fish of the Dory family, also called kingfish. [Ety. unknown.]

OPAL, o'pal, n. a precious stone of a milky hue, remarkable for its changing colors. [Fr. opale-L. opalus.]

OPALESCENT, o-pal-es'ent, adj. reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior. OPAQUE, ō-pāk', adj., shady: dark: not transparent. [Fr.-L. opacus.] OPAQUENESS, ō-pak'nes, n. quality of being opaque: want of transparency. OPE, op, v.t. and v.i. (poetry) short for OPEN.

OPEN, o'pn, adj. not shut : free of access. free from trees: not fenced: not drawn together not frozen up: not frosty free to be used, etc.: public: without reserve frank: easily understood: generous liberal: clear: unbalanced, as an account: attentive: free to be discussed. -v.t. to make open: to bring to view: to explain to begin.-v.i. to become open: to unclose to be unclosed: to begin to appear to begin.--adv. O'PENLY.-ns. O'PENNESS, O'PENER. [A.S. open, from up, up; like the cog. Dut. open (from op), Ice. opinn (from upp), and Ger. offen (from auf). See UP.]