BARROW

BARROW, bar'rō, n. a mound raised over graves in former times. [A.S. beorhbeorgan, to protect.]

BARTER, bär 'ter, v.t. to give one thing in exchange for another.-v.i. to traffic by exchanging.-n. traffic by exchange of commodities. [O. Fr. bareter.] BARYCENTRIC, bar-i-sen'trik, adj. of, pertaining, or relating to the centre of gravity.-BARYCENTRIC CALCULUS, an application to geometry of the mechanical theory of the centre of gravity, executed in two distinct ways, according as metrical or descriptive geometrical properties are to be investigated. [Gr. barys, heavy, and kentron, centre.] BARYTONE, bar'i-tōn, n. a deep-toned male voice between bass and tenor. [Gr. barys, heavy, deep, and tonos, a tone.] BASALT, bas-awlt', n. a hard, dark-colored rock of igneous origin.-adj. BASALT'IC. [L. basaltes (an African word), a marble found in Ethiopia.]

BASALTOID, ba-sawlt'oid, adj. allied in appearance or nature to basalt: resembling basalt. [Basalt, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.]

BASE, bās, n. that on which a thing rests:

foot bottom: foundation: support: the chief ingredient.-v.t. to found or place on a base-pr.p. bās'ing; pa.p. based. [Fr.-L.-Gr. basis-baino, to step.] BASE, bās, n. a skirt which hung down from the waist to the knees of a knight when on horseback. [From BASE, adj.] BASE, bas, adj. low in place, value, estimation, or principle: mean: vile: worthless (New Test.) humble, lowly.-adv. BASE'LY.-n. BASE'NESS. [Fr. bas-Low L. bassus, thick, fat, a vulgar Roman word, found also in name Bassus.] BASE-BALL, bas'-bawl, n. a favorite game of ball in the United States, so-called from the bases, four in number, set down so as to mark the form of a diamond, and which designate the circuit each player must complete, in order to score a run, after striking the ball. BASE-BORN, bas'-bawrn, adj. born of low parentage illegitimate by birth: mean. BASE-BURNER, bas'-bern-er, n. a baseburning surface or stove. BASE-BURNING, bas'-bern-ing, adj. burning at the base. -BASE-BURNING FURNACE or STOVE, one in which the fuel burns at the bottom, and is renewed from a selfacting hopper or chamber above. BASELESS, bās'les, adj. without a base or foundation.

BASEMENT, bāsʼment, n. the base or low-| est story of a building. BASE-SPIRITED, mean-spirited.

bas'-spir-it-ed, adj.

BASE-STRING, bās'-string, n. the string of a musical instrument that gives the lowest note.

BASE-VIOL, bās'-vī-ol, n. Same as BASS

VIOL.

BASHAW, ba-shaw', n. com. written PASHA OF PACHA (which see). BASHFUL, bash'fool, adj. easily confused: modest shy: wanting confidence.-adv. BASH FULLY.-n. BASH'FULNESS. [From root of ABASH.]

BASIHYAL, ba-si-hi'al, adj. in anat. relating to or connected with the body or basal portion of the hyoid bone. [See HYOID.]

BASILICA, baz-il'ik-a, n. among the Romans, a large hall for judicial and commercial purposes, many of which were afterwards converted into Christian churches: a magnificent church built after the plan of the ancient basilica. [L. basilica, Gr. basilike (oikia, a house), belonging to a king, from basileus,a king.]| BASILISK, baz'il-isk, n. a fabulous serpent

30

having a crest on its head like a crown: in modern zoology, a kind of crested lizard. [G. basiliskos, dim. of basileus, a king.]

BASIN, bàs'n, n. a wide open vessel or dish any hollow place containing water, as a dock: the area drained by a river and its tributaries. [Fr. bassin, It. bacino, Low L. bacchinus, perhaps from the Celtic bac, a cavity.] BASIOCCIPITAL, ba'si-ok-sip'i-tal, adj. in anat. pertaining to or connected with the base of the occipital bone. BASIPETAL, ba-sip'e-tal, adj. tending to the centre. Specifically, in bot. a term applied to a leaf in which the axis appears first, and on its sides the lobes and leaflets spring from above downwards, the base being developed after the tip. [L. basis, a base, and peto, to seek.] BASIS, bas'is, n. the foundation or that on which a thing rests: the pedestal of a column the groundwork or first principle-pl. BASES, bās'ēz. [See BASE, foundation.]

BASISPHENOID, bã-si-sfe'noid, adj. in anat. pertaining to or connected with the base or posterior portion of the sphenoid bone.

BASK, bask, v.i. to lie in the warmth or sunshine. [From an O. Scand. form of BATHE.]

BASKET, bas'ket, n. a vessel made of plaited twigs, rushes, or other flexible materials. [W. basged-basg, network, plaiting.]

BASKET-BEAGLE, bas'ket-be-gl, n. а beagle used in hunting a hare that was slipped from a basket to be coursed.

66

Gray-headed sportsmen, who had sunk from fox-hounds to basket-beagles and coursing."-Sir W. Scott. BASKET-HARE, bas'ket-hār, n. a captive

hare slipped from a basket to be coursed in the absence of other game. BASKET-HILT, bas'ket-hilt, n. the hilt of a sword with a covering wrought like basket-work to defend the hand from injury.

BÅSKET-MEETING, bas'ket-mēt-ing, n. a picnic much in vogue in the United States. It derives its name from the

practice of each member's bringing pro

visions in a basket.

BASQUE, bask, adj. relating to Biscay, a district of Spain, or to the language of its natives.

BAS-RELIEF, bä-re-lēf', n. Same as BASS

RELIEF.

BASS, bās, n. the low or grave part in music.-adj. low, deep, grave.-v.t. to sound in a deep tone. [See BASE, low.] BASS, bas, n. Same as BAST (which see). BASSOON, bas-ōōn', n. a musical windinstrument of a bass or very low note. [It. bassone, augment. of basso, low, from root of BASE.]

BASS-RELIEF, bas'-re-lef', n. (sculpture)| figures which do not stand far out from the ground on which they are formed. [It. basso-rilievo. See BASE, low, and RELIEF.]

BASS-VIOL, bās'-vi-ol, n. a musical instrument with four strings, used for playing the bass the violoncello. [See BASS, low, and VIOL.]

BAST, bast, n. the inner bark of the limetree matting made of it. [A.S. bæst; | Dan., Sw., Ger. bast.]

BASTARD, bast'ard, n. a child born of parents not married.-adj. born out of wedlock not genuine false. [Fr. bâtard; O. Fr. fils de bast, son of bast, bast or bât being a coarse saddle for beasts of burden, and indicating contempt.] BASTARDIZE, bast'ard-īz, v.t. to prove to be a bastard.

BATTALION

BASTARDY, bast'ard-i, n. the state of being a bastard.

BASTE, bast, v.t., to beat with a stick. [Ice. beysta, Dan. böste, to beat.] BASTE, bäst, v.t. to drop fat or butter over meat while roasting. [Ety. unknown.]

BASTE, bäst, v.t., to sew slightly or with long stitches. [O. Fr. bastir, from O. Ger. bestan, to sew.]

BASTILLE, bast-el', n. an old fortress in Paris long used as a state prison, and demolished in 1789. [Fr.-O. Fr. bastir (Fr. bâtir), to build.] BASTINADE, bast-in-ad', BASTINADO, bast-in-ād'o, v.t. to beat with a baton or stick, esp. on the soles of the feet (a form of punishment in the East):pr.p. bastinād'ing or bastinād'oing ; pa.p. bastinād'ed or bastinād'oed.-ns. BASTINADE', BASTINAD'O. [Sp. bastonada, Fr. bastonnade-baston, bâton. See BATON.] BASTION, bast'yun, n. a kind of tower at the angles of a fortification. [Fr.-O. Fr. bastir, to build.] BASTIONARY, bas'ti-on-a-ri, adj. pertaining to or consisting of bastions; as, systems of bastionary fortification. BAT, bat, n. a heavy stick for beating or striking a club for striking the ball in base-ball and cricket: a piece of brick.v.i. to use the bat in cricket:-pr.p. batt'ing; pa.p. batt'ed. [Celt. bat, the root of beat, an imitation of the sound of a blow.]

BAT, bat, n. an animal with a body like a mouse, but which flies on wings attached to its fore-feet. [M.E. and Scot. bakke -Dan. bakke, Ice. letherblaka, leatherflapper.]

BATCH, bach, n. the quantity of bread baked or of anything made at one time. [From BAKE.]

BATE, bat, v.t. and v.i. Same as ABATE BATEMENT-LIGHT, bat'ment-līt, n. in

arch. one of the lights in the upper part of a window of the perpendicular style, abated, or only half the width of those below.

BATH, bäth, n. water for plunging the body into a bathing: a house for bathing:-pl. BATHS, bäthz. [A.S. both; BATH, bath, n. the largest Jewish liquid cog. with Ger. bad.]

measure, containing about 8 gallons. [Heb. " measured."]

BATHE, bath, v.t. to wash as in a bath: to

wash or moisten with any liquid.-v.i. to be or lie in water as in a bath.-n. the act of taking a bath. [A.S. bathian— both.]

BATHOS, ba'thos, n. a ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean in writing or speech. [Gr. bathos, depth, from bathys, deep.]

BATING, bat'ing, prep., abating, excepting.

BATLET, bat'let, n. a wooden mallet used by laundresses for beating clothes. [Dim. of BAT.]

BATON, bat'on, n. a staff or truncheon, esp. of a policeman: a marshal's staff. [Fr. bâton-Low L. basto, a stick; of unknown origin.]

BATRACHIAN, ba-tra'ki-an, adj of or belonging to the frog tribe. [Gr. batrachos, a frog.]

BATRACHOPHIDIA, batʼra-ko-fid'i-a, n.pl. Same as OPHIOMORPHA. [Gr. batrachos, a frog, and ophis, a serpent.] BATSMAN, bats'man, n. one who wields the bat at base-ball, cricket, etc. BATTALION, bat-al'yun, n. in the infantry of a modern army, the tactical unit or unit of command, being a body of soldiers convenient for acting together (numbering from 500 to 1,000); several companies

BATTAILOUS

form a battalion, and one or more bat- | talions a regiment: a body of men drawn up in battle-array. [Fr.; from root of BATTLE.]

BATTAILOUS, bat'il-us, adj. arrayed for battle, or appearing to be so. [See BATTLE.]

BATTÉN, bat'n, v.i. to grow fat: to live in luxury.-v.t. to fatten: to fertilize or enrich. [Ice. batna, to grow better. See BETTER. [as BATON.] BATTEN, bat'n, n. a piece of board. [Same BATTER, bat'er, v.t., to beat with successive blows: to wear with beating or by use: to attack with artillery.-n. ingredients beaten along with some liquid into a paste.-BATTER-CAKE, a cake of Indian meal, made with buttermilk or cream: (arch.) a backward slope in the face of a wall. [Fr. battre, It. battere-L. battuere; conn. with BEAT.] BATTER, bat'er, n. one who uses the bat at base-ball or cricket. BATTERING-RAM, bat'er-ing-ram, n. an ancient engine for battering down walls, consisting of a large beam with an iron head like that of a ram, suspended in a frame. BATTERY, bat'er-i, n. a number of can

non with their equipment: the place on which cannon are mounted: the men and horses attending a battery: an instrument used in electric and galvanic experiments: (law) an assault by beating or wounding.

BATTING, bat'ing, n. the management of a bat in playing games. BATTLE, bat'l, n. a contest between opposing armies: a fight or encounter.-v.. to join or contend in fight. [Fr. bat illebattre, to beat. See BATTER.] BATTLE, bat'l, n. the body of an army. BATTLE-AXE, bat'l-aks, n. a kind of axe formerly used in battle.

BATTLEDOOR, BATTLEDORE, bat'l-dōr, n. a light bat for striking a ball or shuttle-cock. [Sp. batidor, a beater, a washing-beetle.

BATTLEMENT, bat'l-ment, n. a wall or parapet on the top of a building with openings or embrasures, orig. used only on fortifications.-adj. BATT'LEMENTED. [Prob. from O. Fr. bastillement-bastir, to build.]

BATTUE, bat-tōō', n. a sporting term: in a battue, the woods are beaten and the game driven into one place for the convenience of the shooters. [Fr.-battre, | to beat.]

BAUBLE, baw'bl, n. a trifling piece of finery: a child's plaything. [Fr. babiole

-It. babbole, toys-babbeo, a simpleton.] BAUDRIC, bawd'rik. Same as BALDRICK. BAWBLE, baw'bl. Same as BAUBLE. BAWD, bawd, n. a procurer or procuress of women for lewd purposes.-n.BAWD'RY. [O. Fr. baud, bold, wanton, from root of BOLD.]

BAWDY, bawd'i, adj. obscene: unchaste. -n. BAWD'INESS.

BAWL, bawl, v.i. to shout or cry out loudly.-n. a loud cry or shout. [Ice. baula, to bellow.]

BAY, ba, adj. reddish-brown inclining to chestnut. [Fr. bai, It. bajo-L. badius, chestnut-colored.]

BAY, ba, n. the laurel-tree :-pl. an honorary garland or crown of victory, orig. of laurel literary excellence. [Fr. baie, a berry-L. bacca.]

:

BAY, ba, n. an inlet of the sea, an inward

bend of the shore; also, in the U. S., applied to a tract of low swampy land covered with bay-trees. [Fr. baie-Low L. baia, a harbor; ety. dub. Acc. to Littré from Baia, name of a town on the Campanian coast.]

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BAY, bã, v.i., to bark, as a dog at his game.-v.t. to bark at: to follow with barking.-AT BAY, said of hounds, when the stag turns and checks them, makes them stand and bark. [O. Fr. abbayer -L. ad, and baubari, to yelp.] BAY-ICE, bā'-is, n. ice recently formed on the ocean.

BAY-LEAF, ba'-lēf, n. the leaf of the sweetbay or laurel-tree (Laurus nobilis). These leaves are aromatic, are reputed stimulant and narcotic, and are used in medicine, cookery, and confectionery. BAY-MAHOGANY, ba'-ma-hog-an-i, n. Same as BAY-WOOD. BAYONET, bā'on-et, n. a dagger for fixing on the end of a musket.-v.t. to stab with a bayonet. [Fr. baïonnette-Bayonne, in France, where it was first made.]

BAYOU, bï'ōō, n. the outlet of a lake, a channel for water. (Amer.) BALS, bāz, n. a garland. [See BAY, a laurel.]

BAY-SALT, ba'-sawlt, n. sait obtained from sea-water by evaporation, esp. from salt-marshes along the coast of France, ctc. [See BAY, an inlet.] BAY-WINDOW, ba'-win-dō, n. a window projecting so as to form a bay or recess within.

BAY-WOOD, ba'-wood, n. that variety of mahogany exported from Honduras. It is softer and less finely marked than the variety known as Spanish mahogany, but is the largest and most abundant kind. [See MAHOGANY.]

BAZAAR, BAZAR, ba-zar', n. an Eastern market-place or exchange: a large hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods. [Arab, bazar, a market.] BDELLIUM, del'i-um, n. a kind of gum. [Gr. bdellion, from Heb. bedōlach.] BÈ, be, v.i. to live: to exist: to have a certain state or quality:-pr.p. bē'ing pa.p. been (bin). [A.S. beon; Ger. bin; Gael. bi, to exist; W. byw, to live; Gr. phuo, L. fui, fio, Sans. bhu, to be, originally meaning, to grow.]

BEACH, bech, n. the shore of the sea or of a lake, especially when sandy or pebbly: the strand. [Ice. bakki, a variety of bank.]

BEACHED, becht, adj. having a beach:

driven on a beach.

BEACHY, bēch'i, adj. having a beach or beaches.

BEACON, bē'kn. n. a fire on an eminence used as a sign of danger: anything that warns of danger.-v.t. to act as a beacon to: to light up. [A.S. beacen, a beacon, a sign; conn. with BECKON.] BEAD, bēd, n. a little ball pierced for stringing, used in counting the prayers recited, also used as an ornament: any small ball.-TO DRAW A BEAD, to fire, from the practice of the Western huntsman, in taking aim, of gradually raising the front sight, which resembles a bead, to a level with the hind sight, and firing the moment the two are in a line. (Amer.) [A.S. bed, gebed, a prayer, from biddan, to pray. See BID.] BEADING, bed'ing, n. 1, in arch. a molding in imitation of a bead: 2, a preparation added to weak spirituous liquors to cause them to carry a bead, and to hang in pearly drops about the sides of the bottle or glass when poured out or shaken, it being a popular notion that spirit is strong in proportion as it shows such globules. A very small quantity of oil of vitriol or oil of almonds mixed with rectified spirit is often used for this purpose.

BEADLE, bēď'l, n. a messenger or crier of a court: a petty officer of a church, col

BEAR-WARD

lege, parish, etc. [A.S. bydel—beôdan, to proclaim, to bid.]

BEAD-ROLL, bēd'-rōl, n. among R. Catholics, a roll or list of the dead to be prayed for. [See BEAD.]

BEADSMAN, bēdz'man, n. one employed to pray for others.-fem. BEADS' WOMAN. BEAGLE, be'gl, n. a small hound chiefly used in hunting hares. [Ety, unknown.] BEAK, bēk, n. the bill of a bird: anything pointed or projecting: in the ancient galley, a pointed iron fastened to the prow for piercing the enemy's vessel.adj. BEAKED. [Fr. bec-Celt. beic, akin t PEAK, PIKE.]

BEAKER, bōk'er, n. a large drinking-bowl or cup. [Ice. bikarr (Scot. bicker)-Low L. bicarium, acc. to Diez from Gr. bikos; of Eastern origin.]

SEAK-HEAD, bek'hed, n. an ornament resembling the head and beak of a bird, used as an enrichment of moldings in Norman architecture.

BEAM, bēm, n. a large and straight piece of timber or iron forming one of the main supports of a building, ship, etc.: the part of a balance from which the scales hang: the pole of a carriage: a cylinder of wood in a loom : a ray of light.-v.. to send forth light: to shine. [A.S. beam, a tree, stock of a tree, a ray of light; Ger. baum, a tree; Gr. phyma, a growth-phy-, to grow.] BEAMILY, bem'i-li, adv. in a beamy or beaming manner: radiantly. "A bright halo, shining beamily."-Keats. BE MLESS, bēm'les, adj. without beams : emitting no rays of light. BEAMY, bem'i, adj. shining. BEAN, bēn, n. the name of several kinds of pulse and their seeds. [A.S. bean; Ger. bohne, W. ffaen, L. faba.] BEAR, bar, v.t. to carry or support: to en

ure to behave or conduct one's self: to bring forth or produce.-TO BEAR A HAND, to assist: to be active and not delay. (Amer.)-v.i. to suffer: to be patient to press (with on or upon): to be situated: pr.p. bear'ing; pa.t. bōre pa.p. borne (but the pa.p. when used to mean "brought forth" is born). [A.S. beran; Goth. bairan, L. fero, Gr. phero, Sans. bhri.]

BEAR, bar, n. a rough wild quadruped, with long shaggy hair and hooked claws: any brutal or ill-behaved person: (astron.) the name of two constellations, the Great and the Little Bear. [A.S. bera; Ger. bär; L. fera, a wild beast, akin to Gr. ther, Eol. pher.] BEARABLE, bār'a-bl, adj. that may be borne or endured.-adv. BEAR'ABLY. BEARD, bērd, n. the hair that grows on the chin and adjacent parts: prickles on the ears of corn: the barb of an arrow: the gills of oysters, etc.-v.t. to take by the beard to oppose to the face. [A.S.; W. barf, Ger. bart, Russ. boroda, L. barba.]

BEARDED, bērd'ed, adj. having a beard: prickly: barbed.-adj. BEARD'LESS. BEARER, bar'er, n. one who or that which bears, esp. one who assists in carrying a body to the grave: a carrier or mes

senger.

BEAR-GARDEN, bär-gär-dn, n. an inclos ure where bears are kept: a rude turbu lent assembly.

BEARING, bār'ing, n. behavior: situation of one object with regard to another: relation.

BEARISH, bar'ish, adj. like a bear. BEAR'S-SKIN, bārz'-skin, n. the skin of a bear a shaggy woollen cloth for overcoats. BEAR-WARD, bar'-wawrd, n. a warden or keeper of bears.

BEAST

BEAST, bēst, n. an irrational animal as opposed to man: a four-footed_animal : a brutal person. [O. Fr. beste, Fr. bête-L.

bestia.

BEASTINGS, best'ingz. Same as BIESTINGS. BEASTLY, best'li, adj. like a beast in actions or behavior: coarse: obscene.-n. BEAST'LINESS.

BEAT, bēt, v.t., to strike repeatedly: to break or bruise: to strike, as bushes, in order to rouse game: to thrash: to overcome.v.i. to give strokes repeatedly: to throb to dash, as a flood or storm:pr.p. beat'ing; pa.t. beat: pa.p. beat'en. n. a stroke: a stroke recurring at intervals, or its sound, as of a watch or the pulse: a round or course: a place of resort. adj. weary fatigued. [A.S. beatan, from root bat, imitative of the sound of a sharp blow; hence BAT, BUTT.]

BEATEN, bēt'n, adj. made smooth or hard by beating or treading: worn by use. BEATER, bēt'er, n. one that beats or strikes a crushing instrument. BEATIFIC, -AL, be-a-tif'ik. -al, adj. making supremely happy. BEATIFICATION, be-at-i-fik-a'shun, n. act of beatifying: (R. C. Church) a declaration by the pope that a person is blessed in heaven.

BEATIFY, bē-at'i-fi, v.t., to make blessed or happy to bless with eternal happiness in heaven. [L. beatus, blessed, and facio, to make.]

BEATING, bet'ing, n. the act of striking: chastisement by blows: regular pulsation or throbbing.

BEATITUDE, bē-at'i-tūd, n. heavenly happiness, or happiness of the highest kind: -pl. sayings of Christ in Matt. v., declaring the possessors of certain virtues to be blessed. [L. beatitudo — beatus, blessed.]

BEAU, bō, n., a fine, gay man, fond of dress: a lover :-pl. BEAUX, bōz.-fem. BELLE. [Fr. beau, bel-L. bellus, fine, gay, a contr. of benulus, dim. of benus, bonus, good.]

BEAU-IDEAL, bō-īd-ē'al, n., ideal excellence, or an imaginary standard of perfection.

BEAUJOLAIS, bō-zhō-lā, n. a variety of light red Burgundy wine. BEAU-MONDE, bō-mongd', n. the gay or fashionable world. Fr. beau, gay, and monde, world.] BEAUTEOUS, bū'te-us, adj. full of beauty: fair handsome.-adv. BEAU'TEOUSLY.n. BEAUTEOUSNESS.

BEAUTIFIER, bū'ti-fi-er, n. one who or that which beautifies or makes beautiful. BEAUTIFUL, bū'ti-fool, adj. fair: beauteous applied by uneducated people both in England and the United States to anything pleasing or good, indiscriminately.-adv. BEAUTIFULLY. BEAUTIFY, bū’ti-fī, v.t. to make beautiful: to grace: to adorn.-v.i. to become beautiful, or more beautiful. [BEAUTY, and L. facio, to make.]

BEAUTY, bū'ti, n. a pleasing assemblage of qualities in a person or object: a particular grace or excellence: a beautiful person. [Fr. beauté, from beau.] BEAUTY-SLEEP, bū'ti-slēp, n. the sleep taken before midnight, and popularly regarded as the most refreshing portion of the night's repose. "A medical man, who may be called up at any moment, must make sure of his beauty-sleep."Kingsley.

BEAUTY-SPOT, bū'ti-spot, n. a spot or patch put on the face to heighten beauty. BEAVER, bēv'er, n. an amphibious quadruped valuable for its fur: the fur of the beaver a hat made of the beaver's fur:

32

a hat. [A.S. befer; Dan. baever, Ger. biber, Gael. beabhar, L. fiber.] BEAVER, bev'er, n. that part of a helmet which covers the face. [So called from a fancied likeness to a child's bib, Fr. bavière, from bave, slaver.] BEBLOTCH, bē-bloch', v.t. to cover with blots or blotches, as of ink. Southey. BEBOOTED, be-böt'ed, p. and adj. an emphatic form of BOOTED. Couriers. bestrapped and bebooted."-Carlyle. BECALM, be-käm', v.t. to make calm, still, or quiet.

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BECAME, be-kām', pa.t. of BECOME. BECAUSE, be-kawż, conj. for the reason that on account of: for. [A.S. be, by, and CAUSE.]

BECK, bek, n. a brook. [Ice. bekkr; Ger. bach.]

BECK, bek, n. a sign with the finger or head: a nod.-v.i. to make such a sign. [A contr. of BECKON.] BECKON, bek'n, v.t. to nod or make a sign to. [A.S. beacnian-beacen, a sign. See BEACON.]

BECLOUD, be-klowd', v.t. to obscure by clouds.

BECOME, be-kum', v.i. to pass from one state to another: to come to be: (fol. by of) to be the fate or end of.-v.t. to suit or befit:-pa.t. became'; pa.p. become'. [A.S. becuman-pfx. be, and COME.] BECOMING, be-kum'ing, adj. suitable to: graceful.-adv. BECOM'INGLY. BĚCORONET, bē-ko'rō-net, v.t. to adorn, as with a coronet: to coronet. Carlyle. BECURSE, bē-kers', v.t. to shower curses C. Reade.

on.

BED, bed, n. a couch or place to sleep on : a plot in a garden: a place in which anything rests: the channel of a river: (geol.) a layer or stratum.-v.t. to place in bed: to sow or plant: to lay in layers:-pr.p. bedd'ing; pa.p. bedd'ed.-ns.BED'CHAMB'ER, BEDD'ING. [A.S. bed; Ice. bedr, Ger. bett.]

BEDAÜB, be-dawb', v.t. to daub over or smear with any thick and dirty matter. BEDCHAIR, bed'char, n. a chair with a movable back to support a sick person as in bed.

BEDECK, be-dek', v.t. to deck or ornament.

BEDEVIL, be-dev'il, v.t. to throw into disorder and confusion, as if by the devil.

BEDEW, be-du', v.t. to moisten gently, as with dew.

BEDFELLOW, bed'fel'ō, n. a sharer of the same bed.

BEDIADEM, bē-dī'a-dem, v.t. to crown or adorn with a diadem. Carlyle. BEDIGHT, be-dīt', adj. adorned. [Pfx. be, and DIGHT.]

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BEDIM, be-dim', v.t. to make dim or dark. BEDIZEN, be-diz'n, v.t. to dress gaudily. BEDIZENMENT, bē-diz'n-ment, n. the act of bedizening: the state of being bedizened: that which bedizens. The bedizenment of the great spirit's sanctuary with skulls."-Kingsley. Strong Dames of the Market . with oakbranches, tricolor bedizenment." — Carlyle. BEDLAM, bed'lam, n. an asylum for lunatics: a madhouse: a place of uproar.adj. fit for a madhouse. [Corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a monastery in London, afterwards converted into a madhouse.]

BEDLAMITÉ, bed'lam-it, n. a madman. BEDOUIN, bed'oo-in, n. the name given to those Arabs who live in tents and lead a nomadic life. [Fr.-Ar. badawiy, dwellers in the desert.]

BEDRENCH, be-drensh', v.t. to drench or wet thoroughly.

BEFALL

BEDRID, -DEN, bed'rid, -dn, adj. confined to bed by age or sickness.

BEDROOM, bed'rōōm, n. a room in which there is a bed: a sleeping apartment. BEDSTEAD, bed'sted, n. a frame for supporting a bed.

BEDTICK, bed'tik, n. the tick or cover in

which feathers, etc., are put for bedding. BEE, bē, n. a four-winged insect that makes honey. -n. BEE-LINE, the most direct road from one point to another, like the honey-laden bee's way home to the hive. [A.S. beo; Ger. biene.] BEE, bē, n. an assemblage of people, generally neighbors, to unite their labors for the benefit of one individual or family. At such meetings dancing and much merriment are usually introduced at the breaking up. (Amer.) BEECH, bech, n. a common forest tree with smooth, silvery-looking bark, and producing nuts, once eaten by man, now only by pigs.-adj. BEECH'EN. [A.S. bece, boc; Ger. buche, Lat. fagus, Gr. phēgos -from root of phagō, to eat.] BEE-EATER, be1-et'er, n. a bird allied to the king-fisher, which feeds on bees. BEEF, bef, n. the flesh of an ox or cow :pl. BEEVES, used in orig. sense, oxen.adj. consisting of beef. [Fr. boeuf, It. bove-L. bos, bovis; cf. Gr. bous, Gael. bo, Sans. go, A.S. cu.] BEEF-EATER, bēf'-et'er, n. a popular name for a yeoman of the sovereign's guard. also of the warders of the Tower o London. [The obvious ety. is the right one, there being no such form as buffetier, as often stated. Cf. A.S. hlaf-aeta, lit. "loaf-eater," a menial servant.] BEEFSTEAK, bēf'stāk, n. a steak or slice of beef for broiling.

BEEF-WITTED, bef'-wit'ed, adj. dull or heavy in wits: stupid.

BEERÏVE, bē’hīv, n. a case for bees to live in.

BEE-LINE, bê'-līn, n. a direct or straight line-as the bee flies home to the hive. (Amer.)

BEEN, bin, pa.p. of BE. BEE-NETTLE, be'-net-1, n. a species of hemp-nettle; Galeopsis versicolor. BEER, bēr, n. a liquor made by fermentation from malted barley and hops. [A.S. beor; Fr. bière, Ger. bier; prob. from root of FERMENT.]

BEERY, ber'i, adj. of or affected by beer. BEESTINGS, best'ingz. See BIESTINGS. BEESWAX, bez'waks, n. the wax collected by bees, and used by them in constructing their cells.

BEET, bēt, n. a plant with a carrot-shaped root, eaten as food, from which sugar is extracted. [A.S. bete, Ger. beete, Fr. bette -L. beta.]

BEET, bēt, v.t. to mend, as a fire, by adding fuel to bete: hence, to rouse: to encourage. [Old English and Scotch. See BETE.]

It heats me, it beets me,

And sets me a' on flame.-Burns.

BEETLE, be'tl, n. an insect with hard cases for its wings. [A.S. bitel-bitan, to bite.] BEETLE, be'tl, n. a heavy wooden mallet used to beat with.-v.i. to jut or hang out like the head of a beetle or mallet.

[A.S. bitl, bytel, a mallet-beatan, to beat.] BEETLE-BROWED, bē'tl-browd, adj.

with overhanging or prominent brow. BEETROOT, bet'root, n. the root of the beet plant.

BEEVES, bēvz, n.pl. cattle, oxen. [See BEEF.]

BEFALL, be-fawl', v.t. to fall upon or happen to to betide.-v.i. to happen or come to pass :-pr.p. befall'ing ; pa.t. be

BEFETTER

fell'; pa.p. befall'en. [A.S. befeallan. See FALL.]

BEFETTER, bē-fet'er, v.t. to confine with fetters: hence, to deprive of freedom. "Tongue-tied, befettered, heavy-laden nations."-Carlyle.

BEFIT, be-fit', v.t. to fit, or be suitable to: -pr.p. befitting; pa.p. befitt'ed. [Pfx. be, and FIT.]

BEFOOL, be-fōōl', v.t. to make a fool of, or deceive.

BEFORE, be-fōr', prep. at the fore part, or in front of: in presence or sight of: previous to in preference to: superior to. -adv. in front: sooner than : hitherto. [A.S. be-foran. See FORE.] BEFOREHAND, be-fōr'hand, adv. before the time by way of preparation. BEFOUL, bē-foul', v.t. to dirty: to soil: to tarnish. "Lawyers can live without befouling each other's names."-Trollope. BEFRIEND, be-frend', v.t. to act as a friend to to favor. BEFRILL, be-fril', v.t. to furnish or deck | with a frill or frills. "The vicar's white

BEG, beg, v.i. to ask alms or charity: to live by asking alms.-v.t. to ask earnestly to beseech: to take for granted :pr.p. begging; pa.p. begged'. [A.S. bed-ec-ian, contr. bed'cian, beggen, a frequentative, to ask often, from biddan, to ask. See BEAD, BID.]

BEGET, be-get', v.t. to be the father of: to produce or cause: to generate: to produce as an effect, to cause :-pr.p. begett'ing; pa.t. begat', begot'; pa.p. begot', begott'en. [A.S. begitan, to acquire. See GET.]

BEGETTER, be-get'er, n. one who begets: a father.

BEGGAR, beg'ar, n. one who begs: one who lives by begging.-v.t. to reduce to beggary: to exhaust.

BEGGARLY, beg'ar-li, adj. poor: mean: contemptible.-adv. meanly.-n. BEGG'

ARLINESS.

BEGGARY, beg'ar-i, n. extreme poverty. BEGIFT, be-gift', v.t. to confer gifts on: to load with presents. Carlyle. BEGIN, be-gin', v.i. to take rise to enter on something new: to commence.-v.t. to enter on to commence :-pr.p. be. ginn'ing; pa.t. began'; pa.p. begun'. [A.S. beginnan (also onginnan), from be, and ginnan, to begin.] BEGINNER, be-gin'er, n. one who begins:

one who is beginning to learn or practice anything.

BEGINNING, be-gin'ing, n. origin or com mencement: rudiments. BEGIRD, be-gerd', v.t. to gird or bind with a girdle: to surround or encompass :pa.t. begirt', begird'ed; pa.p. begirt'. [See GIRD.] BEGIRDLE, be-ger'dl, v.t. to surround or encircle, as with a girdle. "Like a ring of iron they begirdle her from shore to shore."-Carlyle. BEGIRT, be-gert', v.t. Same as BEGIRD: also pa.t. and pa.p. of BEGIRD. BEGLARE, be-glar', v.t. to glare at or on. (A humorous coinage.) "So that a bystander without beholding Mrs. Wilfer at all must have known at whom she was glaring by seeing her refracted from the countenance of the beglared one.”Dickens.

BEGONE, be-gon', int. (lit.) be gone. In WOEBEGONE, we have the pa.p. of A.S. C

333

began, to go round, to beset-beset with

woe.

BEGOT, be-got', BEGOTTEN, be-got'n, pa.p. of BEGET. [deeply. BEGRIME, be-grim', v.t. to grime or soil BEGROAN, bē-grōn', v.t. to receive with groans: to assail with groans, as a mark of disapprobation. "Patriot Brissot, beshouted this day by the patriot galleries, shall find himself begroaned by them, on account of his limited patriotism." Carlyle.

BEGUÏLE, be-gil', v.t. to cheat or deceive: to cause to pass unnoticed what may be attended with tedium or pain.-adv. BEGUILINGLY. -ns. BEGUILE MENT, BEGUIL'ER. [See GUILE.]

BEGUM, be gum, n. a Hindu princess or lady of rank.

BEGUN, be-gun', pa.p. of BEGIN. BEHALF, be-haf, n. favor or benefit: sake, account: part. [A.S. healf, half, part; on healfe, on the side of.] BEHAVE, be-hav', v.t. (with self) to bear or carry, to conduct.-v.i. to conduct one's self: to act. This word, when used intransitively and reflexively, has sometimes, in colloquial language, a good sense, having the force of to behave well, to conduct one's self well, the modifying adverb being implied; as, the boy will get his holidays if he behaves; behave yourselves and you will be duly rewarded. [A.S. behabban, to restrain, from habban, to have, to use.] BEHAVIOR, be-hav'yur, n. conduct: manners or deportment. BEHEAD, be-hed', v.t. to cut off the head. BEHEADING, be-hed′ing, n. the act of cutting off the head. [HOLD. BEHELD, be-held', pa.t. and pa.p. of BEBEHEMOTH, be'he-moth, n. an animal described in the book of Job, prob. the hippopotamus. In Milton, the elephant. [Heb. "beasts," hence "great beast."] BEHEST, be-hest', n. command: charge. [A.S. behæs, vow, from be, and hoes, command-hatan; Goth. haitan, to call, to name.]

BEHIND, be-hind', prep. at the back of: after or coming after: inferior to.-adv. at the back, in the rear: backward: past. [A.S. behindan; Ger. hinten. See HIND.] BEHINDHAND, be-hind'hand, adj. or adv. being behind: tardy, or in arrears. BEHITHER, bē-hith'er,prep. on this side of. "Two miles behither Clifden."-Evelyn. BEHOLD, be-hōld', v.t. to look upon: to contemplate.-v.i. to look: to fix the attention:-pa.t. and pa.p. beheld'.-imp. or int. see! lo! observe! [A.S. behealden, to hold, observe-pfx. be, and healdan, to hold.] BEHOLDEN, be-hōld'n, adj. bound_in gratitude: obliged. [Old pa.p. of BEHOLD, in its orig. sense.] BEHOLDER, be-hold'er, n. one who beholds an onlooker. BEHOOF, be-hōōf', n. benefit: convenience. [See BEHOOVE.] BEHOOVE, be-hōōv', v.t. to be fit, right, or necessary for-now only used impersonally with it. [A.S. behofian, to be fit, to stand in need of; connected with HAVE, Ger. haben, L. habeo, to have, habilis, fit, suitable.]

BEIGE, bāzh, n. a light woollen fabric,

made of wool of the natural color, that is, neither dyed nor bleached. [Fr.] BEING, bē'ing, n. existence: any person or thing existing. [From the pr.p. of BE.] BEJUČO, ba-hö'kō, n. a slender, reed-like,

twining plant of Central America. [American Spanish.]

The serpent-like bejuco winds his spiral fold on fold Round the tall and stately ceiba till it withers in his hold. -Whittier.

BELL-PUNCH

BELABOR, be-la'bur, v.t. to beat soundly. BELATED, be-lāt'ed, adj. made too late: benighted.

BELAY, be-la', v.t. to fasten a rope by winding it round a pin. [Dut. be-leggen, cog. with LAY, v.]

BELCH, belsh, v.t. to throw out wind from the stomach: to eject violently. -n. eructation. [A.S. bealcan, an imi tation of the sound.] BELDAM, BELDAME, bel'dam, n. an old woman, esp. an ugly one. [Fr. bel, fair (see BELLE), and DAME, orig. fair dame, used ironically.]

BELEAGUER, be-leg er, v.t. to lay siege to. [Dut. belegeren, to besiege; conn. with BELAY.]

BELFRY, bel'fri, n. the part of a steeple or tower in which bells are hung. [Orig. and properly, a watch-tower, from O. Fr. berfroi, O. Ger. bercfrit-O. Ger. frid, a tower, bergan, to protect.]

BELIE, be-li', v.t. to give the lie to: to speak falsely of: to counterfeit :-pr.p. bely'ing; pa.p. belied'. [A.S. be, and LIE.

BELIEF, be-lēf', n. persuasion of the truth of anything: faith: the opinion or doctrine believed. BELIEVABLE, be-lev'a-bl, adj. that may be believed.

gelyfan.

BELIEVE, be-lēv', v.t. to regard as true: to trust in.-v.i. to be firmly persuaded of anything: to exercise faith to think or suppose.-adv. BELIEV'INGLY. [With prefix be- for ge-, from A.S. gely For root of lyfan, see LEAVE, n. BELIEVER, be-lev'er, n. one who believes: a professor of Christianity. BELIKE, be-lik', adv. probably: perhaps. [A.S. pfx. be, and LIKE |

BELL, bel, n. a hollow vessel of metal with a tongue or clapper inside, which rings when moved: anything bellshaped.-BEAR THE BELL, to be first or superior, in allusion to the bell-wether of a flock, or to the leading horse of a team wearing bells on his collar. [A.S. bella, a bell-bellan, to sound loudly.] BELLADONNA, bel-a-don'a, n. the plant Deadly Nightshade, used in small doses as a medicine. [It. bella-donna, fair lady, from its use as a cosmetic.] BELLE, bel, n., a fine or handsome young lady: a beauty. [Fr., fem. of BEAU.] BELLES-LETTRES, bel-let'r, n. the department of literature, such as poetry and romance, of which the chief aim is to please by its beauty. [Fr. belle, fine, lettres, learning-lettre, L. litera, a letter.] BELLETRISTIC, bel-let-ris'tik, adj. pertaining or relating to belles-lettres. BELL-HANGER, bel'-hang'er, n. one who hangs or puts up bells. BELLICOSE, bel'ik-ōs, adj. contentious. [L. bellicosus-bellum, war. BELLIED, bel'id, adj. swelled out, or prominent, like the belly-used gener ally in composition. BELLIGERENT, bel-i'jer-ent, adj., carrying on war.-n. a nation engaged in war. [L. belligero, to carry on warbellum, war, gero, to carry. See DUEL, JEST.]

BELLMAN, bel'man, n. a town-crier, who rings a bell when giving notice of any. thing.

BELL-MARE, bel'-mār, n. a mare chosen to lead a drove of mules in the South west. (Amer.)

BELLOW, bel'o, v.i. to low: to make loud resounding noise.-n. a roaring [From root of BELL.]

BELLOWS, bel'ōz or bel'us, n. an instrument to blow with. [A.S. bolig, a bag; Gael. balg; conn. with BELLY, BAG.] BELL-PUNCH, bel'-punsh, n. a smal

entreaty. Wordsworth. (Provincial English.) [A.S. bên, a prayer.] BENEATH, be-neth', prep. under, or lower in place: unbecoming.-adv. in a lower place: below. [A.S. pfx. be, and neothan, beneath. See NETHER.] BENEDICK, ben'e-dik, BENEDICT, ben'edikt, n. a newly-married man: also, a bachelor. [From Benedick, a character in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, who begins as a confirmed bachelor and ends by marrying Beatrice.] BENEDICTINE, ben-e-dikt'in, n. one of an order of monks named after St. Benedict, called also Black Friars from the color of their dress.

punch fitted to the jaws of a pincers- | BENE, bēn, n. a prayer: a request: an shaped instrument, combined with a little bell which sounds when the punch makes a perforation. Such punches are generally used to cancel tickets, as in tramway cars, etc., as a check on the conductors, the ringing of the bell indicating to the passenger that his ticket has been properly punched, and that the blank cut has passed into a receptacle in the instrument from which the blanks are taken and counted by an official of the company. Other forms of bellpunches are in use, as a combined telltale and bell, the ringing of which indicates to an official at some distance that the instrument has been duly pressed. BELL-SHAPED, bel'-shāpt, adj. shaped like a bell.

BELL-WETHER, bel'-weth'er, n. a wether or sheep which leads the flocks with a bell on his neck.

BELLY, bel'i, n. the part of the body between the breast and the thighs.-v.t. to swell out to fill.-v.i. to swell-pr.p. bell'ying; pa.p. bell'ied. [From root of BAG.]

BELLY-BAND, bel'i-band, n. a band that goes round the belly of a horse to secure the saddle.

BELLYFUL, bel'i-fool, n. as much as fills the belly, a sufficiency.

BELONG, be-long', v.. to be one's property to be a part: to pertain: to have residence. [A.S. langian, to long after; cf. Dut. belangen.]

BELONGING, be-long'ing, n. that which belongs to one-used generally in the plural.

BELOVED, be-luvd', adj. much loved: very dear.

BELOW, be-lo', prep. beneath in place or rank: not worthy of.-adv. in a lower place (fig.) on earth or in hell, as opposed to heaven. [Be, and Low.] BELT, belt, n. a girdle or band: (geog.) a strait.-v.t. to surround with a belt: to encircle.-adj. BELT'ED. [A.S. belt; Ice. belti, Gael, balt, L. balteus, a belt.] BELVEDERE, bel've-der, n. (in Italy) a pavilion or look-out on the top of a building. [It.-bello, beautiful, vedere, to see -L bellus and videre.]

BEMZET, be-mēt', v.t. to meet.

Cur very loving sister, well bemet.-Shak. BEVITRE, bē-mï'ter, v.t. to adorn with a mitre. Carlyle.

BEMOAN, be-mon', v.t. to moan at: to iament.

BEMOUTH, be-mouth', v.t. to utter with

an affected, big, swelling voice to mouth. "In Miltonic blank bemouthed." -Southey.

BEMURMUR, bē-mur'mur, v.t. 1, to murmur round. "Bemurmured now by the hoarse-flowing Danube."-Carlyle. 2, to greet with murmurs, as of discontent or the like. "So fare the eloquent of France, bemurmured, beshouted."-Carlyle. BEMUZZLE, be-muz'l, v.t. to put a muzzle on to muzzle. Carlyle. BENCH, bensh, n. a long seat or form: a mechanic's work-table: a judge's seat: the body or assembly of judges.-v.t. to place on or furnish with benches. [A.S. benc; cog. with Ger. bank, and conn. with E. BANK, a ridge of earth.] BENCHER, bensh'er, n. a senior member of an inn of court.

BEND, bend, v.t. to curve or bow: make crooked: to turn or incline: to subdue. -v.i. to be crooked or curved: to lean : to bow in submission :-pa.p. bend'ed or bent.-n. a curve or crook. [A.S. bendan, to bend, from BAND, a string; a bow was "bent" by tightening the band or string.]

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BENEDICTION, ben-e-dik'shun, n. a blessing the solemn act of imploring the blessing of God. [L. benedictio-bene, | well, dico, dictum, to say.] BENEDICTORY, ben-e-dikt'or-i, adj. declaring a benediction: expressing wishes for good.

BENEFACTION, ben-e-fak'shun, n. the act of doing good: a good deed done or benefit conferred. [L. benefactio. See BENEFICE.]

BENEFACTOR, ben-e-fak'tor, n. one who confers a benefit.-fem. BENEFACTRESS. BENEFICE, ben'e-fis, n. an ecclesiastical living. [Fr.-L. beneficium, a kindnessbenefacere, to benefit-bene, well, facio, to do. In Low L. beneficium meant a gift of an estate.]

BENEFICED, ben'e-fist, adj. having a benefice.

BENEFICENCE, be-nef'i-sens, n. active goodness: kindness: charity.

BENEFICENT, be-nef'i-sent, adj., doing good: kind: charitable.-adv. BENEF

ICENTLY.

BENEFICIAL, ben-e-fish'al, adj., doing good: useful: advantageous.-adv. BENEFICIALLY.

BENEFICIARY, ben-e-fish'i-ar-i, n. one who holds a benefice or receives a benefit. ―adj. holding in gift.

BENEFIT, ben'e-fit, n. a favor: advantage: a performance at a theatre, the proceeds of which go to one of the company.v.t. to do good to.-v.i. to gain advantage-pr.p. ben'efiting; pa.p. ben'efited. [Fr. bienfait-L. benefactum.] BENEVOLENCE, be-nev'ol-ens, n., goodwill disposition to do good: an act of kindness: (E. Hist.) a species of tax arbitrarily levied by the sovereign, and represented by him as a gratuity. [L. benevolentia-bene, well, volo, to wish.] BENEVOLENT, be-nev'ol-ent, adj., wellwishing: disposed to do good.-adv. BENEVOLENTLY.

BENGAL-LIGHT, ben-gawl'-līt, n. a species of firework producing a very vivid blue light, much used for signals by ships. BENIGHTED, be-nit'ed, adj. overtaken by night involved in darkness: ignorant. [Be, and NIGHT.]

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BENIGN, ben-in', adj. favorable: gracious: kindly. [O. Fr. benigne-L. benignus= benigenus, well-born, of gentle naturebenus, bonus, good, and gen, root of gigno, to produce.]

BENIGNANT, ben-ignant, adj. kind; gracious.-adv. BENIG'NANTLY. [L. benignus.]

BENIGNITY, ben-ig'nit-i, n. goodness of disposition: kindness: graciousness. BENIGNLY, ben-in'li, adv. kindly graciously.

BENISON, ben'i-zn, n., benediction, blessing. [O. Fr. beneiçon-L. benedictio. See BENEDICTION.]

BENJAMIN, ben'ja-min, n. a kind of topcoat or overcoat worn by men. BENT, bent, pa.t. and pa.p. of BEND.

BESET

BENT, bent, n. leaning or bias: fixed tendency or set of the mind. [From BEND.} BENT, bent, n. a coarse grass. [A.S. beonet.]

BENTHAMISM, ben'tham-izm, n. that doctrine of ethics or of social and political economy taught by Jeremy Bentham, the sum of which may be thus stated :The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the end of all true moral action. Nature having placed mankind under the government of two sovereign masters, Pleasure and Pain, it is for them alone to point out what we ought to do. This doctrine is the foundation of Utilitarianism (which see). BENTHAMITE, ben'tham-it, n. one who holds or favors the doctrine of Benthamism.

BENUMB, be-num', v.t. to make numb or torpid.

BENZINE, ben'zin, n. a substance prepared from coal-tar naphtha, used in removing grease stains from cloth. [From BENZOIN.]

BENZOIN, ben-zō'in, n. a fragrant, medicinal resin, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra. [Of Arab. orig.]

BEPOMMEL, be-pum'mel, v.t. to pommel or beat soundly: to give a good drubbing to. "Bepommelled and stoned by irreproachable ladies of the straitest sect of the Pharisees."-Thackeray. BEQUEATH, be-kweth', v.t. to give or leave by will: to hand down, as to posterity. [A.S. be, and cwethan, to say, to tell. See QUOTH.]

BEQUEST, be-kwest', n. something bequeathed or left by will: a legacy. BERASCAL, be-ras'kal, v.t. to call or address by the opprobrious term rascal. Fielding.

BEREAVE, be-rev', v.t., to rob or make

destitute :-pa.p. bereaved' or bereft'. [Pfx. be, and REAVE. A.S. reafian.] BEREAVEMENT, be-rev'ment, n. heavy loss, esp. of friends by death. BEREFT, be-reft', pa.p. of BEREAVE. BERGAMOT, ber'ga-mot, n. a fragrant oil obtained from the Bergamot pear. [From Bergamo, a town of Lombardy in Italy.]

BERIBAND, be-rib'and, BERIBBON, berib'on, v.t. to adorn or deck with a ribbon or ribbons. "Nut brown maids bedizened and beribanded." Carlyle. "Rouged and beribboned."-Miss Burney. BERRIED, ber'id, adj. having berries. BERRY, ber'i, n. any small juicy fruit. [A.S. berige; Ger. beere; Dut. bezie; Goth. basi; Sans. bhas, to eat.] BERTH, berth, n. a ship's station at anchor: a room or sleeping-place in a ship: a situation or place of employment. [A form of BIRTH.]

BERTHAGE, berth'āj, n. a charge made on vessels occupying a berth in a dock or harbor.

BERYL, ber'il, n. a precious stone of a greenish color. [L. and Gr. beryllus.] BESCOUR, bē-skour', v.t. to scour over: to overrun. "France too is bescoured by a devil's pack, the baying of which still sounds in the mind's ear."-Carlyle. BESEECH, be-sech', v.t. to seek or ask from urgently: to implore or entreat :pr.p. beseech'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. be sought (be-sawt').-adv. BESEECH'INGLY [A.S. be, and secan, to seek.] BESEECHINGNESS, be-sech'ing-nes, n. the state or quality of being beseeching or earnestly solicitous : entreaty. George Eliot. BESEEM, be-sem', v.t. to be seemly or fit for. [Pfx. be, and SEEM.]

BESET, be-set', v.t. to surround or inclose