SHAGREEN lief. It is dyed with the green produced by the action of sal ammoniac on copper filings. It is also made of the skins of the shark, sea-otter, seal, etc. It was formerly much used for watch, spectacle, and instrument cases. [Fr. chagrin, Venetian sagrin, from Turk. sagri, Per. saghri, shagreen.] SHAGREEN, sha-gren', SHAGREENED, sha grēnd', adj. made of the leather called shagreen. "A shagreen case of lancets." -T. Hook. SHAH, shä, n. a title given by European writers to the monarch of Persia, but in his own country he is designated by the compound appellation of PADISHAH.SHAH NAMEH [Per., the Book of Kings], the title of several Eastern works, the most ancient and celebrated of which is the poem in the modern Persian language by the poet Firdousi. It contains the history of the ancient Persian kings. [Per., a king, a prince (hence chess).] SHAHI, sha'hi, n. a Persian copper coin of the value of one cent. SHAKE, shāk, v.t. to move with quick, short motions: to agitate: to make to tremble: to threaten to overthrow to cause to waver: to make afraid to give a tremulous note to.-v.i. to be agitated: to tremble: to shiver to lose firmness: -pa.t. shook, (B.) shāked; pa.p. shak'en. n. a rapid tremulous motion: a trembling or shivering: a concussion: a rent in timber, rock, etc.: (music) a rapid repetition of two notes. [A.S. scacan, cog. with Ice. shaka, and perh. akin to Ger. schaukeln, to make to swing. Cf. SHOCK.] SHAKE-BAG, shak'-bag, n. a large-sized variety of game-cock. "I would pit her for a cool hundred. against the best shake-bag of the whole main."-Smollett. SHAKEE, sha-ke', n. an East Indian coin of the value of about 6 cents. SHAKER, shak'er, n. a person or thing that shakes or agitates; as, Neptune, the shaker of the earth: a member of a religious sect founded in Manchester, England, about the middle of the eighteenth century, so called popularly from the agitations or movements in dancing which forms part of their ceremonial, but calling themselves the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. The Shakers teach a system of doctrine founded partly on the Bible and partly on the supposed revelations of Mother Ann Lee, their first inspired leader, and her successors. They lead a celibate life, hold their property in common, engage in agriculture, horticulture, and a few simple trades. They believe the millennium has come, that they hold communication with the spirits of the departed, and have the exercise of spiritual gifts. They wear a peculiar dress, and abstain from the use of pork as food. They teach the theory of non-resistance as opposed to war and bloodshed. They are now mostly confined to the United States. Sometimes called SHAKING QUAKER. SHAKESPEAREAN or -IAN, SHAKSPEAREAN or -IAN, SHAKSPEREAN or -IAN, shak-spēr'e-an, adj. pertaining to or in the style of Shakespeare, or to his works. SHAKO, shak'ō, n. a kind of military cap. [Hun.] SHAKY, shak'i, adj. in a shaking condition feeble unsteady: full of cracks or clefts.-n. SHAK'INESS. : SHALE, shal, n. a rock of a slaty structure, often found in the coal-measures. [Doublet of SCALE and SHELL.] SHALL, shal, v.i. to be under obligation: used in the future tense of the verb. 389 Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate speakers or writers, and even writers such as Addison sometimes make a slip. In quoting the following lines from a song in Sir George Etherege's "She Would if she Could" (1704), Mr. R. Grant White says, "I do not know in English literature another passage in which the distinction between shall and will and would and should is at once so elegantly, so variously, so precisely, and so compactly illustrated." How long I shall love him I can no more tell, 66 [Originally "to owe," A.S. sceal, to be obliged, Ger. soll, Goth. skal, Ice. skal, to be in duty bound: acc. to Grimm orig. the pa.t. of a root-verb skilan, to kill, thus lit. sig. "I have slain," hence, "I am liable for the fine or wer-gild."] SHALLOON, shal-lōōn', n. a light kind of woollen stuff said to have been first made at Châlons in France. SHALLOP, shal'op, n. a large schoonerrigged boat with two masts. [Fr. chaloupe-Dut. sloep. Doublet SLOOP.] SHALLOW, shal'o, n. a sandbank: a flat place over which the water is not deep: a shoal.-adj. not deep: not profound: not wise: trifling.-n. SHALLOWNESS. [Conn. with SHOAL, and perh. with SHELF.] SHALOT, SHALLOT, sha-lot', n. a kind of onion with a flavor like that of garlic. [Short for ESCHALOT.] SHALT, shalt, 2d per. sing. of SHALL. SHALY, shal'i, adj. pertaining to or having the qualities of shale. SHAM, sham, n. a pretence: that which deceives expectation: imposture. — adj. pretended: false. -v.t. to pretend: to feign to impose upon. -v.i. to make false pretences:-pr.p. shamm'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. shammed. [From root of SHAME.] SHAMAN, sham'an, n. a professor or priest of Shamanism: a wizard or conjurer, among those who profess Shamanism. SHAMAN, sham'an, adj. relating to Shamanism. SHAMANISM, shamʼan-izm, n. a general name applied to the idolatrous religions of a number of barbarous nations, comprehending those of the Finnish race, as the Ostiaks, Samoyedes, and other inhabitants of Siberia, as far as the Pacific Ocean. These nations generally believe in a Supreme Being, but to this they add the belief that the government of the world is in the hands of a number of secondary gods both benevolent and malevolent towards man, and that it is absolutely necessary to avert their malign influence by magic rites and spells. The general belief respecting another life appears to be that the condition of man will be poorer and more wretched than the present; hence death is an object of great dread. [Shamanism. SHAMANIST, sham'an-ist, n. a believer in SHAMBLE, sham'bl, v.i. to walk with an awkward, unsteady gait. adj. SHAM'BLING. [Conn. with SCAMPER?] SHAMBLES, sham'blz, n.pl. a slaughterhouse. [Lit. stalls on which butchers exposed their meat for sale, A.S. scamel (Ger. schämel), a bench-Low L. scamelium, for L. scabellum, dim. of scamnum, a bench.] SHAME, shām, n. the feeling caused by the exposure of that which ought to be concealed, or by a consciousness of guilt the cause of shame: dishonor: (B.) the parts of the body which mod 66 SHANTY esty requires to be concealed. - v.t. to make ashamed to cause to blush: to cover with reproach. [A.S. sceamu scamu, modesty; cog. with Ger. scham, prob. from a root-verb skiman, to become red, seen in SHIMMER.] SHAMEFACED, sham'fast (properly SHAMEFAST, sham'fast), adj. very mod est or bashful: easily confused.-adv. SHAME FACEDLY.-n. SHAME FACEDNESS modesty. [For M. E. shamefast — A.S. sceam-fæst sceamu, modesty, fast, fast, perfectly, very.] SHAMEFAST, sham'fast, adj. shamefaced: modest. "He saw her wise, shamefast and bringing forth children."-North. 'It is a pity that shamefast and shamefastness.. should have been corrupted in modern use to shamefaced and shamefacedness. The words are properly of the same formation as steadfast, steadfastness, soothfast, soothfastness, and those good old English words now lost to us, rootfast, rootfastness. As by rootfast our fathers understood that which was firm and fast by its root, so by shamefast, in like manner, that which was established and made fast by (an honorable) shame. To change this into shamefaced is to allow all the meaning and force of the word to run to the surface, to leave us, ethically, a far inferior word."-Trench. [A.S. sceam-fæst.] SHAMEFASTNESS, sham' fast - nes, shamefacedness: great modesty. mannerly aparell with shamfastnes "Bible, Tyndale's trans., 1526. SHAMEFUL, sham'fool, adj. disgraceful: raising shame in others: indecent.-adv. SHAMEFULLY.-N. SHAME'FULNESS. SHAMELESS, sham'les, adj. immodest · done without shame: audacious.--adv SHAMELESSLY.-N. SHAME'LESSNESS. SHAMMY, sham'i, SHAMOY, sham'oy n leather orig. prepared from the skin of the chamois, but now from that of the deer, goat, etc. [A corr. of CHAMOIS.] SHAMPOO, sham-põõ', v.t. to squeeze and rub the body, in connection with the hot bath: to wash thoroughly with soap and water, as the head. -n. SHAMPOO'ER. [Hind. tshampua, to squeeze.] SHAMROCK, sham'rok, n. a species of clover, the national emblem of Ireland. [A Celt. word; Ir. seamrog, Gael. seamrag.] N. · In SHANK, shangk, n. the leg below the knee to the foot the long part of any instrument, as of an anchor between the arms and ring. [A.S. sceanca, the bone of the leg, the leg; cog. with O. Ger. scincho (Ger. schinken, schenkel).] SHANKLIN–SAND, shangk'lin-sand, n. in geol. another name for lower greensand of the chalk formation; so called from its being conspicuously developed at Shanklin in the Isle of Wight. SHANK-PAINTER, shangk'-pān-ter, n. (naut.) a short rope and chain which sustains the shank and flukes of an anchor against the ship's side, as the stopper fastens the ring and stock to the cat-head. SHANNY, shan'ni, n. a small fish allied to the blenny, and found under stones and seaweeds, where it lurks. It is the Blen nius pholis of Linnæus, and the Pholis lævis of modern authors. By means of its pectoral fins it is able to crawl upon land, and when the tide ebbs will often creep upon shore until it finds a crevice wherein it can hide until the tide returns. SHANTY, shant'i, n. a rude, improvised dwelling or hut, to be found in lumber camps, on fishing grounds, and along the line of railroads, canals, etc., in course of construction. [Perh. from Ír. sean, old, and tig, a house.] SHAPABLE SHAPABLE, shāp'a-bl, adj. that may be shaped. SHAPE, shāp, v.t. to form: to fashion: to adapt to a purpose: to regulate: to direct to conceive:-pa.p. shaped, (B.) shap'en. -n. form or figure: external appearance: that which has form or figure: an appearance: particular nature: expression, as in words. [A.S. sceapian, scapan, cog. with Goth. skapjan, Ger. schaffen, Ice. skapa, to form; prob.conn. with SHIP, SHAFT, SHIFT.] SHAPELESS, shap'les, adj. having no shape or regular form: wanting symmetry.-n. SHAPE'LESSNESS. SHAPELY, shap'li, adj. having shape or a regular form: symmetrical.-n. SHAPE' LINESS. SHAPESMITH, shap'smith, n. one that un- SHARD, shärd, n. a piece or fragment of an earthen vessel or of any brittle substance; a potsherd; a fragment; "Shards, flints, and pebbles." ― Shak.; "Dashed your cities into shards."-Tennyson; Thus did that poor soul wander in want and cheerless discomfort, Bleeding, bare-footed, over the shards and thorns of existence.-Longfellow: the shell of an egg or of a snail: the wing-case of a beetle; "They are his shards, and he their beetle."-Shak.: the leaves of the artichoke and some other vegetables whitened or blanched; "Shards or mallows for the pot."-Dryden. [Also sherd; A.S. sceard, from sceran, to shear, to separate; cog. Ice. skard, a notch, a gap; Dan. skaar, an incision, a sherd; akin share.] SHARD-BORNE, shärd'-börn, adj. borne along by its shards or scaly wing-cases. "The shard-borne beetle.”—Shak. SHARDED, shärd'ed, adj. having wings sheathed with a hard case. "The sharded beetle."-Shak. SHARDY, shärd'i, adj. consisting of or formed by a shard or shards : furnished with shards. "The hornet's shardy wings."-J. R. Drake. SHARE, shar, n. a part shorn or cut off: a portion dividend: one of a number of equal portions of anything.-v.t. to divide into parts: to partake with others. -v.i. to have a part: to receive a dividend.-n. SHAR'ER. [A.S. scearn―sceran, E. SHEAR; cog. with Ger. schar, schaar, a division.] SHARE, shar, n. the iron blade of a plough which shears or cuts the ground. [M.E. schar-A.S. scear-sceran, E. SHEAR; cog. with Ger. schar, schaar, a division, also a ploughshare. Cf. above word.] SHAREHOLDER, shar'hōld-er, n. one who holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property. SHARK, shärk, n. a large voracious fish with large sharp teeth. [Ety. dub. ; perh. from L. carcharus-Gr. karcharos, sharp-pointed, having sharp teeth.] SHARP, shärp, adj. having a thin, cutting edge or fine point: peaked or ridged: affecting the senses as if pointed or cutting severe keen: of keen or quick perception: pungent: biting: sarcastic: eager: fierce: impetuous: shrill.-n. an acute sound: (music) a note raised a semitone: the character, directing this: a shrewdly dishonest person, especially at gaming and speculating.-adv. SHARPLY.-N. SHARPNESS. [A.S. scearp; cog. with Ice. skarp-r, Ger. scharf; from a root skarp seen in A.S. sceorfan, to split, sceran, to SHEAR; conn. with L. sarpere, to prune, Gr. harp-ē. Cf. also SCARF and ESCARP.] 390 SHARPEN, shärp'n, v.t. to make sharp or keen to give edge or point to: to make pungent or painful: to make severe: to make eager, active, or acute.-v.i. to grow sharp. SHARPER, shärp'er, n. a trickster: a swindler: a cheat. SHARP-SET, shärp'-set, adj. eager: keen: ravenous. SHARP-SIGHTED, shärp'-sit'ed, adj. having acute sight: shrewd: discerning. SHARP-WITTED, shärp'-wit'ed, adj. having an acute wit: sagacious. SHATTER, shat'er, v.t. to break so that the pieces are scattered: to break or dash to pieces to crack: to disorder: to render unsound.―n. a fragment. [A doublet of SCATTER.] SHATTER-BRAIN, shat'ter-bran, n. a careless giddy person: a scatter-brain. SHATTER - BRAINED, shat'ter - brand, SHATTER-PATED, shat'ter-pât-ed, adj. disordered in intellect: intellectually weak: scatter-brained. "You cannot but conclude that religion and devotion are far from being the mere effects of ignorance and imposture, whatever some shatter-brained and debauched persons would fain persuade themselves and others."-Dr. J. Goodman. SHATTERY, shat-ter'i, adj. brittle: easily falling into many pieces: not compact: loose of texture. "A coarse grit-stone .... of too shattery a nature to be used except in ordinary buildings."-Pennant. SHAUCHLE, SHAUGHLE, shawch'l, v.i. to walk with a shuffling or shambling gait. [Scotch.] SHAUCHLE, SHAUGHLE, shawch'l, v.t. to distort from the proper shape or right direction by use or wear.-SHAUGHLED SHOON, shoes trodden down on one side by bad walking: (fig.) applied to a jilted woman. Burns; Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] SHAUL, shawl, adj. shallow. "Duncan deep, and Peebles shaul."-Burns. [Scotch.] SHAVE, shav, v.t. to cut off the hair with a razor: to pare closely: to make smooth by paring to cut in thin slices: to skim along the surface: to strip:-pa.p. shāved or shav'en. [A.S. scafan; Dut. schaven, to rub, to shave, Ger. schaben, L. scabo, to scrape, Gr. skaptō, to dig. See SHAPE.] SHAVELING, shäv'ling, n. a monk or friar (in contempt), from his shaven crown. SHAVER, shav'er, n. one who shaves: a barber: a sharp dealer: a plunderer. SHAVIE, shāv'i, n. a trick or prank. "Mony a prank an' mirthfu' shavie."Blackwood's Mag. [Scotch.] SHAVING, shav'ing, n. the act of shaving: that which is shaved or pared off. SHAW, shaw, n. a thicket; a small wood; a shady place; "This grene shaw."Chaucer; Close hid beneath the greenwood shaw."-Fairfax: a stem with the leaves, as of a potato, turnip, etc. [Now only Scotch or Northern English in both senses. A Scandinavian word; Dan. skov, Ice. skógr, Sw. skog, a wood or grove.] SHAW, shaw, v.t. to show. [Scotch.] SHAW-FOWL, shaw'-fowl, n. the representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. [SHAW here a form of SHOW.] SHAWL, shawl, n. a cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or hair, used, particularly by women, as a covering for the shoulders: a kind of mantle.-v.t. to wrap in a shawl. [From the Pers. word shal, a fine cloth (Ger. shawl, Fr. châle are from the E. word).] SHAWL-WAISTCOAT, shawl'-wast-kōt, n. a vest or waistcoat with a large prominent pattern like a shawl. Thackeray. SHED SHAWM, SHALM, shawm, n. an old wind-instrument similar in form to the clarionet. Others think it was formed of pipes made of reed or of wheaten or oaten straw. [O. Fr. chalemel, Mod. Fr. chalumeau, from calamellus, a dim. of L. calamus, a reed, a reed-pipe.] SHAY, sha, n. a chaise, Lamb. SHE, she, pron. fem. the female understood or previously mentioned: sometinies used as a noun for female. [Orig. the fem. of the def. art. in A.S.-viz. seò or sia, which in the 12th century began to replace heo, the old fem. pron.] SHEAF, shef, n. a quantity of things, esp. the stalks of grain, shoved together and bound: any bundle or collection:-pl. SHEAVES, shēvz.-v.t. to bind in sheaves. -v.i. to make sheaves. [A.S. sceaf, Ger. schaub — A.S. sceofan, Ger. schieben, to shove.] SHEAFY, shef'i, adj. consisting of sheaves. SHEAR, sher, v.t. to cut or clip: to clip with shears or any other instrument. v.i. to separate-pa.t. sheared, (obs.) shore; pa.p. sheared or shorn. -N. SHEAR'ER. [A.S. sceran; Ice. skera, to clip, Ger. scheren, to shave, to separate.] SHEARHOG, sher hog, n. a ram or wether after the first shearing: provincially pronounced as if written sherrug or sharrag. "To talk of shearhogs and ewes to men who habitually said sharrags and yowes." -George Eliot. SHEARLING, sher'ling, n. a sheep only once sheared. SHEARS, shērz, n.pl. an instrument for shearing or cutting, consisting of two blades that meet each other: anything like shears an apparatus for raising heavy weights, consisting of upright spars fastened together at the top and furnished with tackle. SHEATH, sheth, n. a case for a sword or other long instrument: a scabbard: any thin defensive covering: a membrane covering a stem or branch: the wingcase of an insect. [A.S. sceath, seœth; cog. with Ger. scheide, a sheath, Ice. skeid-ir; from the root of SHED, to separate.] SHEATHE, shēth, v.t. to put into a sheath: to cover with a sheath or case: to inclose in a lining. SHEATHING, shẽth'ing, n. that which sheathes, esp. the covering of a ship's bottom. SHEAVE, shev, n. a grooved wheel in a block, mast, yard, etc., on which a rope works: the wheel of a pulley: a shiver: a sliding scutcheon for covering a keyhole. O. Dut. schijve, Mod. Dut. schijf, Ger. scheibe, a round slice, a disc. See SHIVE, which is a slightly different form of this word.] SHEAVE, shev, v.t. to bring together into sheaves to collect into a sheaf or into sheaves. SHEAVED, shēvd, adj. made of straw. Shak. SHEAVE-HOLE, shev'-hōl. n. a channel cut in a mast, yard, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave. SHEBANDER, sheb'an-der, n. a Dutch East India commercial officer. SHEBEEN, she-bēn', n. a place where intoxicating drinks are privately and un lawfully sold. [Ir.] SHECHINAH, she-ki'na, n. See SHEKINAH. SHED, shed, v.t. to scatter: to throw out: to pour: to spill.-v.i. to let fall :-pr.p. shedd'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. shed. — SHEDD'ER. [A.S.sceddan; cog. with Ger. schütten, to pour.] -N. SHED, shed, v.t. to part, separate. [A.S. sceadan; cog. with Ger. scheiden. See WATERSHED.] SHED SHED, shed, n. that which shades: a slight | erection, usually of wood, for shade or shelter an outhouse: a hut a dividing line, as a water-shed, in geography. [From SHADE.] SHEDDING, shed'ing, n. the act of one that sheds: that which is shed or cast off: a parting or branching off, as of two roads; the angle or place where two roads meet. "That shedding of the roads which marks the junction of the highways coming down for Glasgow and Edinburgh."-W. Black. SHEEN, shen, n. that which shines: brightness or splendor. [From SHINE.] SHEEP, shep, n.sing. and pl. the wellknown animal covered with wool: a silly fellow (in contempt). [A.S. sceap; Dut. schaap, Ger. schaf.] SHEEPCOT, shep'kot, n. a cot or inclosure for sheep. SHEEPFOLD, shep'fold, n. a fold or inclosure for sheep: a flock of sheep. SHEEPHEADED, shep-hed'ed, adj. dull: simple-minded: silly. "Simple, sheepheaded fools."-John Taylor. SHEEPHOOK, shēp'hook, n. a hook fastened to a pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep: a shepherd's crook. Thou a sceptre's heir, That thus affect'st a sheephook!-Shak. SHEEPISH, shēp'ish, adj. like a sheep: bashful: foolishly diffident.-adv. SHEEP'ISHLY.-N. SHEEP'ISHNESS. SHEEP-LAUREL, shēp'-law-rel, n. a small North American evergreen shrub of the genus Kalmia (K. angustifolia), nat. order Ericaceæ. Like many other plants of the heathwort order, it has been introduced into our gardens, and is deservedly a favorite. It has received this name, as well as that of LAMBKILL, from its leaves and shoots being deleterious to cattle. SHEEPMASTER, shep'mas-ter, n. (B.) a master or owner of sheep. SHEEPSHEARER, shep'sher-er,n. one who shears sheep. SHEEPSHEARING, shep'sher-ing, n. the shearing or removing the fleece of sheep: the time of shearing the sheep. SHEEPWALK, shep'wawk, n. the place where the sheep walk and pasture: sheeppasture. SHEEP-WHISTLING, shep-whis'ling, adj. whistling after sheep: tending sheep. "An old sheep-whistling rogue, a ramtender."-Shak. SHEER, sher, adj. pure: unmingled: simple: without a break, perpendicular.adv. clear quite at once. [A.S. scir; Ice. skirr, bright, clear, Ger. schier, Goth. skeirs, clear.] SHEER, sher, v.i. to deviate from the line of the proper course, as a ship: to turn aside. n. the deviation from the straight line, or the longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides. [From SHEAR, v.i.] SHEERS, shērz, n. same as SHEARS. SHEET, shet, n. a large, thin piece of anything a large, broad piece of cloth in a bed: a large, broad piece of paper: a sail: the rope fastened to the leeward corner of a sail to extend it to the wind.-v.t. to cover with or as with a sheet. [Lit. "that which is shot or spread out," A.S. sceat, scete, from sceotan, to shoot, to extend, Ger. schote, the sheet (naut.).] SHEET-ANCHOR, shet'-ang'kor, n. the largest anchor of a ship, shot or thrown out in extreme danger: chief support: last refuge. [See SHEET.] SHEETING, shet'ing, n. cloth used for bedsheets. SHEET-LIGHTNING, shēt'-līt'ning, n. lightning appearing in sheets or having a broad appearance. 391 SHEIK, shēk or shak, n. a title of dignity | properly belonging to the chiefs of the Arabic tribes or clans. The heads of monasteries are sometimes called sheiks among the Mohammedans, and it is also the title of the higher order of religious persons who preach in the mosques. The sheik-ul-Islam is the chief mufti at Constantinople. The name is now widely used among Moslems as a title of respect or reverence. [Ar., an old man, an elder.] SHEKARRY, shē-kar'i, n. a name given in Hindustan to a hunter. SHEKEL, shek'l, n. an ancient weight and coin among the Jews and other nations of the same stock. Dr. Arbuthnot makes the weight to have been equal to 9 dwts. 2 grs. Troy weight, and the value 55 cents, others make its value 60 cents. The golden shekel was worth nearly $9. The shekel of the sanctuary was used in calculating the offerings of the temple, and all sums connected with the sacred law. It differed from the common shekel, and is supposed to have been double its value. [Heb., from shakal, to weigh.] SHEKINAH, she-ki'na, n. the Divine presence which rested like a cloud or visible light over the mercy-seat. [Heb., from shakan, to rest.] SHELF, shelf, n. a board fixed on a wall, etc., for laying things on: a flat layer of rock a ledge: a shoal: a sandbank:— pl. SHELVES (shelvz). - adj. SHELF'Y. [M.E. scelfe-A.S. scylfe-scelan, to separate, to split; cog. with Scotch skelve and Ger. schelfe, a shell or husk.] SHELL, shel, n. a hard covering of some animals: any framework: a rough kind of coffin: an instrument of music: a bomb: the semicircular hilt which protected part of the hand in some forms of rapiers. Thackeray.-v.t. to break off the shell: to remove the shell from: to take out of the shell: to throw shells or bombs upon, to bombard.—v.i. to fall off like a shell: to cast the shell. [Lit. "something thin like a scale," A.S. scell, cog. with Ice. skell, Ger. schale. Doublet SCALE.] SHELLAC, SHELL-LAC, shel'lak, n. lac prepared in thin plates. [See LAC, a resinous substance.] SHELLFISH, shel'fish, n. a fish or an aquatic animal with an external shell. SHELLPROOF, shel'proof, adj., proof against or able to resist shells or bombs. SHELLWORK, shel'wurk, n., work composed of or adorned with shells. SHELLY, shel'i, adj. full of or made of shells. SHELTER, shel'ter, n. that which shields or protects: a refuge: a retreat, a harbor: one who protects, a guardian: the state of being covered or protected: protection.-v.t. to cover or shield: to defend to conceal.-v.i. to take shelter. [Prob. from the M. E. sheld (E. SHIELD), through the influence of M.E. scheltrone (from A.S. scildtruma a covering composed of shields, a line of soldiers).] SHELVE, shelv, v.t.to furnish with shelves: to place on a shelf: to put aside.-v.i. to slope like a shelf. SHELVING, shelv'ing, n. the furnishing with shelves: the act of placing on a shelf shelves or materials for shelves. SHELVY, shelv'i, adj. full of shelves or shoals: shallow. SHEMITIC. Same as SEMITIC. SHE-OAK, she'-ōk, n. a peculiar jointed, leafless, tropical or sub-tropical tree, of the genus Casuarina (C. quadrivalvis), whose cones and young shoots, when chewed, yield a grateful acid to persons and cattle suffering from thirst. SHERIFF SHEOL, she'ol, n. a Hebrew word of fre quent occurrence in the Old Testament, and rendered by the Authorized Version grave, hell, or pit. The word is generally understood to be derived from a root signifying hollow, and taken literally it appears to be represented as a subterranean place of vast dimensions in which the spirits of the dead rest. Sometimes the idea of retribution or punishment is connected with it, but never that of future happiness. SHEPHERD, shep'erd, n. a man employed in tending, feeding and guarding sheep in the pasture: a pastor, one who exercises spiritual care over a district or community.-SHEPHERD KINGS, the chiefs of a conquering nomadic race from the East who took Memphis, and rendered the whole of Egypt tributary. The dates of their invasion and conquest have been computed at from 2567 to 2500 B.C., and they are stated by some to have ruled for from 260 to 500 years, when the Egyptians rose and expelled them. Attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with the narrative in the book of Exodus. Called also Hycsos or HYKSHOS.-SHEPHERD'S CROOK. a long staff having its upper end curved so as to form a hook, used by shepherds.-SHEPHERD'S DOG, a variety of dog employed by shepherds to protect the flocks and control their movements. It is generally of considerable size and of powerful lithe build; the hair thick-set and wavy; the tail inclined to be long, and having a bushy fringe; the muzzle sharp, the eyes large and bright. The collie or sheep-dog of Scotland is one of the best known and most intelligent dogs of this wide-spread and useful variety. SHEPHERD'S (or SHEPHERD) TARTAN, (a) a kind of small check pattern in cloth, woven with black and white warp and weft; (b) a kind of cloth, generally woollen, woven in this pattern-generally made into shepherd's plaids, and often into trouserings, etc. [A.S. sceap-hirde-sheep and herd.] SHEPHERD, shep'erd, v.t. to tend or guide, as a shepherd. (Poetical.) White, fleecy clouds Were wandering in thick flocks along the mountains, Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind.-Shelley: to attend or wait on; to gallant. "Shepherding a lady."-Edin. Rev. SHEPHERDESS, shep'erd-es, n. a woman that tends sheep; hence, a rural lass. She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. -Sir P. Sidney. SHERBET, sher'bet, n. a drink of water and fruit juices, sweetened and flavored. [Arab. sherbet, a drink, from shariba, to drink, perh. conn. with L. sorbeo, to sip; other forms are SHRUB and SIRUP.] SHERD, sherd, n. (B.) a shred, a fragment. SHERIAT, sher'i-at, n. the sacred or rather civil-religious law of Turkey, which is founded on the Koran, the Sunna or tradition, the commentaries of the first four caliphs, etc. "The Ulema declared that the Sultan ruled the empire as Caliph, that he was bound by the sheriat, or sacred law. . . . Civil law can never take the place of the sheriat, and the emanci pation of the Christian subjects of the Porte is an impossibility.” — Contemp. Rev. SHERIFF, sher'if, n. originally and in England the governor of a shire: an officer in a county who executes the law: the executive officer of the county and circuit courts of the States.-n. SHERIFFSHIP. [M. E. shir-reeve-A.S. scirgerefa―scir (E. SHIRE), and gerefa, a governor, cog. with Ger. graf, a count, E. REEVE; cf. LANDGRAVE and MARGRAVE.] SHERIFFALTY, sher'if-al-ti, SHERIFF- | SHINE, shin, v.i. to beam with steady DOM, sher'if-dum, n. the office or jurisdiction of a sheriff. In U. S., SHRIEV'ALTY is generally used. SHERRIS, sher'is, SHERRIS-SACK, sher'is-sak, n. sherry. Your sherris warms the blood.-Shak. But, all his vast heart sherris-warmed, He flashed his random speeches.-Tennyson. SHERRY, sher'ri, n. a species of wine, so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made. The highest class of the many varieties are those that are technically called "dry," that is, free from sweetness, such as the Amontillado, Montilla, Manzanilla, etc. It is much used in this country, and when pure it agrees well with most constitutions. Genuine and unadulterated sherry, however, brings a very high price, and is rarely to be had, inferior wines being extensively sold under this name. [Formerly sherris.] SHERRY-COBBLER, sher-ri-kob'ler, n. sherry and iced water sucked up through a straw. SHERRY-VALLIES, sher'ri-val-iz, n.pl. pantaloons of thick cloth or leather, worn buttoned round each leg over other pantaloons when riding. [Corrupted from Fr. chevalier, a horseman.] SHERTE, n. a shirt: also a skirt or lap. Chaucer. SHE-SLIP, she'-slip, n. a young female scion, branch, or member. "The slight she-slips of loyal blood."-Tennyson. SHE-SOCIETY, she-sō-si'e-ti, n. female society. Tennyson. SHEW, shō. Same as SHOW. SHEW BREAD, shō'bred. Same as SHOWBREAD. SHIBBOLETH, shib'bo-leth, n. (B.) a word used as a test by the Gileadites to detect the Ephraimites, who could not pronounce the sh: the criterion or watchword of a party. [Heb. an ear of corn; or a stream, from shabal, to grow, to flow.] SHIELD, sheld, n. a broad plate worn for defence on the left arm: defence: a person who protects: an escutcheon.v.t. to defend. [A.S. scyld—scyldan, to defend; cog. with Ger. schild, Ice. skiöld-r, protection.] SHIELDLESS, sheld'les, adj. without a shield defenceless. : SHIFT, shift, v.t. to change to put out of the way to dress in fresh clothes.v.i. to change about to remove to change one's clothes: to resort to expedients for some purpose.—n. a change: a contrivance: an artifice: last resource: a chemise (orig. sig. a change of linen).— n. SHIFTER. [A.S. sciftan, to divide, to order; cog. with Ice. skipta, to divide, to change; conn. with EQUIP.] SHIFTLESS, shift'les, adj. destitute of shifts or expedients: unsuccessful, for want of proper means. SHILLALAH, shil-la'la, SHILLALY, shilla'li, n. an oak sapling: a cudgel. [Said to be named from an Irish wood, famous for its oaks.] SHILLING, shil'ing, n. an English silver coin 12 pence, or a little less, by the gold standard, than twenty-five cents. [Lit. "the ringing (coin)," A.S. scilling, cog. with Ger. schilling; the root is seen in O. Ger. scëllan, Ger. schallen, to sound, to ring.] SHIMMER, shim'er, v.i. to gleam: to glisten.-n. SHIMM'ER. [A.S. scymrianscimian, to shine-scima, lustre, brightness, cog. with Ger. schimmern.] SHIN, shin, n. the large bone of the leg or the forepart of it. [A.S. scina, the shin (esp. in the compound scin-ban, shinbone), cog. with Dut. scheen, Ger. schien.] radiance to glitter: to be bright or beautiful to be eminent :-pa.t. and pa.p. shone (shon), (B.) pa.t. and pa.p. shined.-n. brightness: splendor: fair weather. [A.S. scinan; Goth. skeinan, Ger. scheinen; conn. with root of SHIMMER.] SHINGLE, shing'gl, n. wood sawed or split thin, used instead of slates or tiles, for covering houses: the coarse gravel on the shores of rivers or of the sea.v.t. to cover or roof with shingles: to trim, as the hair. [Orig. shindle (cog. with Ger. schindel)-scindula, a late form of L. scandula, perh. from scindo, to split.] SHINGLES, shing'glz, n. an eruptive disease which often spreads round the body like a belt. [A corr. of L. cingulum, a belt or girdle-cingo, to gird.] SHINGLY, shing'gli, adj. abounding with shingle. SHINING, shin'ing, adj. scattering light: bright resplendent: conspicuous.-n. effusion or clearness of light: bright ness. SHINY, shin'i, adj., shining: diffusing light bright: splendid: unclouded. SHIP, ship, n. a vessel having three masts, with tops and yards to each generally, any large vessel.-v.t. to put on board a ship to engage for service on board a ship to receive on board ship: to fix in its place.-v.i. to engage for service on shipboard :—pr.p. shipp'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. shipped.-n. SHIPP'ER.-n. SHIPOF-THE-LINE, one of the large war-ships of the navy. [Lit. "a vessel; " A.S. scip, cog. with Goth. skip, Ice. skip, Ger. schiff; conn. with E. SHAPE, and with Gr. skap-tō, to dig, skaph-os, the hull of a ship, a ship, and L. scapha, a boat. Doublet SKIFF.] SHIPBOARD, ship'bōrd, n. the board or deck of a ship.-adv. upon or within a ship. SHIP-BROKER, ship'-brōk'er, n. a broker who effects sales, insurances, etc., of ships. SHIP-CHANDLER, ship'-chand'ler, n. a chandler or dealer in cordage, canvas, and other furniture and provisions for ships. SHIPMAN, ship'man, n. (B.) a man who manages a ship: a sailor:-pl. SHIP'MEN. [A.S. scipmann] SHIPMASTER, ship'mas-ter, n. the master or captain of a ship. SHIPMATE, ship'māt, n. a mate or companion in the same ship. SHIPMENT, ship'ment, n. act of putting on board ship: embarkation: that which is shipped. SHIP-MONEY, ship'-mun'i, n. in English history, money for providing ships for the service of the king in time of war, raised at intervals in England 1007-1640. SHIPPING, ship'ing, adj. relating to ships. -n. ships collectively: tonnage. - To TAKE SHIPPING, (B.) to embark. SHIP'S - HUSBAND, ship's-huz'band, n. the owner's agent in the management of a ship. SHIPWRECK, ship'rek, n. the wreck or destruction of a ship: destruction.-v.t. to destroy on the sea: to make to suffer wreck. SHIPWRIGHT, ship'rīt, n. a wright who constructs ships. SHIPYARD, ship'yärd, n. a yard where ships are built or repaired. SHIRE, shir, n. a division of the island of Great Britain under a sheriff: a county. (When added to the name of a county the i is pronounced as in hill.) [A.Š. SHOOT scir, a division-sceran, to shear, to cut. See SHARE and SHEAR.] SHIRK, sherk, v.t. to avoid, get off or slink away from. [A form of vulgar shark, to play the thief, to shift for a living, from SHARK, the fish.] SHIRT, shert, n. a short garment worn next the body by men.-v.t. to cover as with a shirt. [Cog. with Ice. skyrta, Ger. schurz, an apron; conn. with SHORT and SKIRT.] SHIRTING, shert'ing, n. cloth for shirts. SHIST, etc. See SCHIST, etc. SHITTAH, shit'a, SHITTIM, shit'im, n. a precious wood used in the construction of the Jewish Tabernacle and its furniture, supposed to be a species of acacia. [Heb. shittah, pl. shittim.] SHIVER, shiv'er, n. a splinter, or small piece into which a thing breaks by sudden violence. -v.t. to shatter. - v.i. to fall into shivers. [From root of SHEAVE; allied to Ger. schiefer, a splinter.] SHIVER, shiv'er, v.. to shake or tremble: to shudder.-v.t. to cause to shake in the wind, as sails. [An imitative word; allied to O. Dut. schoeveren, to shake, prov. Ger. schubbern.] SHIVERY, shiv'er-i, adj. easily falling into shivers or fragments: cohering loosely. SHOAL, shōl, n. a great multitude of fishes swimming together. v.i. to crowd. [A.S. scolu, a company-L. schola, a school. See SCHOOL.] SHOAL, shōl, n. a shallow: a place where the water of a river, sea, or lake is not deep: a sandbank.-adj. shallow.-v.i. to grow shallow: to come upon shallows. [From root of SHALLOW.] SHOALY, shōl'i, adj. full of shoals or shallows: not deep.-n. SHOAL'INESS. SHOAR, shōr, n. a prop. Same as SHORE, a prop. SHOCK, shok, n. a violent shake: a sudden dashing of one thing against another: violent onset: an offence.-v.t. to shake by violence: to offend: to disgust: to dismay. [Prob. through Fr. choc, a dashing, from O. Ger. schoc, shock; allied to SHAKE.] SHOCK, shok, n. a heap or pile of sheaves of corn. [Ger. schock, Dut. schokke, a heap.] SHOCK-HEADED, shok'-hed'ed, adj. hav ing a thick and bushy head of hair. [From Prov. E. shock, a rough dog; a form of SHAG.] SHOCKING, shok'ing, adj. giving a shock or shake from horror or disgust: highly offensive.-adv. SHOCK'INGLY. SHOD, shod, pa.t. and pa.p. of SHOE. SHODDY, shod'i, n. (orig.) the waste shed or thrown off in spinning woo!: now applied to the wool of old woven fabrics reduced to the state in which it was before being spun and woven, and thus fit for re-manufacture. [From SHED, to part.] SHOE, shōō, n. a covering for the foot: a rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to keep it from injury: anything in form or use like a shoe-pl. SHOES (shōōz).-v.t. to furnish with shoes: to cover at the bottom :-pr.p. shoe'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. shod. [A.S. sco, sceo ; Goth. skohs, Ger. schuh.] SHOEBLACK, shōō'blak, n. one who blacks and cleans shoes or boots. SHOEHORN, shōō'horn, n. a curved piece of horn or metal used in putting on a shoe. SHONE, shon, pa.t. and pa.p. of SHINE. SHOOK, shook, pa.t. of SHAKE. SHOON, shōōn, n., old pl. of SHOE. [A.S. sceón. See SHOE.] SHOOT, shoot, v.t. to dart: to let fly with force to discharge from a bow or gun: to strike with a shot: to thrust forward: to send forth new parts, as a plant.—v.i. SHOOTING to perform the act of shooting: to be driven along: to fly, as an arrow: to jut out to germinate to advance :-pa.t. and pa.p. shot.-n. act of shooting: a young branch.-n. SHOOT'ER. [A.S. sceotan; cog. with Dut. schieten, Ger. schiessen, to dart.] SHOOTING, shōōt'ing, n. act of discharging firearms or an arrow: sensation of a quick pain act or practice of killing game. SHOOTING-BOX, shōōt'ing - boks, n. a small house in the country for use in the shooting season. SHOOTING-STAR, shōōt'ing-stär, n. a meteor, so called from its quick, darting motion. SHOP, shop, n. a building in which goods are sold by retail: a place where mechanics work.-v.i. to visit shops for the purpose of buying:- pr.p. shopp'ing; pa.p. shopped. [A.S. sceoppa, a treasury (influenced by Ŏ. Fr. eschoppe, a stallGer. schoppen, a shed).] SHOP-LIFTING, shop'-lift'ing, n., lifting or stealing anything from a shop.-n. SHOP'-LIFT'ER. SHOP-WALKER, shop'-wawk'er, n. one who walks in a shop or store and sees the customers attended to: in the U. S., usually termed a floor-walker. SHORE, shōr, n. the coast or land adjacent to the sea, a river, or lake. [Lit. the place where the land is cut or broken off, A.S. score-sceran, to shear, to divide.] SHORE, shōr, n. a prop or support for the side of a building, or to keep a vessel in dock steady on the slips.-v.t. to prop.n. SHOR'ER. [Allied to O. Dut. schore, and conn. with SHEAR.] SHORELESS, shōr'les, adj. having no shore or coast of indefinite or unlimited extent. SHORN, shorn, pa.p. of SHEAR. SHORT, short, adj. (comp. SHORT'ER, SUperl. SHORT'EST), not long in time or space: near at hand: scanty: insufficient: narrow: abrupt: brittle.-adv. not long.-n. SHORT'NESS.-IN SHORT, in a few words. [A.S. sceort, cog. with O. Ger. scurz, prob. conn. with SHEAR. The Dut. and Scand. kort, Ger. kurz, are borrowed from L. curtus. See CURT.] SHORTCOMING, short'kum-ing, n. act of coming or falling short of produce or result neglect of or failure in duty: usually in the plural. SHORT-DATED, short'-dat'ed, adj. having short or little time to run from its date, as a bill. SHORTEN, short'n, v.t. to make short: to deprive: to make friable.-v.i. to become short or shorter to contract. SHORTHAND, short'hand, n. an art by which writing is made shorter and easier, so as to keep pace with speaking. SHORT-LIVED, short'-livd, adj., living or lasting only for a short time. SHORTLY, short'li, adv. in a short time: in a brief manner: quickly soon. SHORT-SIGHTED, short'-sīt'ed, adj. having sight extending but a short distance: unable to see far of weak intellect: heedless.-n. SHORT-SIGHT'EDNESS. SHORT-WINDED, short' - wind'ed, adj. affected with shortness of wind or breath. SHOT, pa.t. and pa.p. of SHOOT. SHOT, shot, n. act of shooting: a marksman: a missile: flight of a missile or the distance passed by it: small globules of lead: (gun.) solid projectiles generally.v.t. to load with shot :-pr.p. shott'ing; pa.p. shott'ed. SHOULD, shood, pa.t. of SHALL. [A.S. sceolde, pa.t. of sceal. See SHALL.] SHOULDER, shōl'der, n. the joint which connects the human arm or the foreleg of 393 a quadruped with the body: the flesh and muscles about the shoulder: the upper joint of the foreleg of an animal cut for market: a prominence: (fig.) that which sustains.-v.t. to push with the shoulder or violently: to take upon the shoulder. [A.S. sculdor; Ger. schulter, Dut. schouder.] SHOULDER-BELT, shōl'der-belt, n. a belt that passes across the shoulder. SHOULDER-BLADE, shōl'der-blad, n. the broad, flat, blade-like bone of the shoulder. SHOULDER-KNOT, shōl'der-not, n. a knot worn as an ornament on the shoulder. SHOUT, showt, n. a loud and sudden outcry of joy, triumph, or courage.-v.i. to utter a shout.-v.t. to utter with a shout: to cry.-n. SHOUT'ER. [Either merely imitative, or a by-form of SCOUT, as being the sentinel's challenge.] SHOVE, shuv, v.t. to drive along to push before one.-v.i. to push forward: to push off. n. act of shoving: a push. [A.S. sceofan, cog. with Dut. schuiven, Ger. schieben.] SHOVEL, shuv'l, n. an instrument with a broad blade, and a handle for shoving and lifting.-v.t. to lift up and throw with a shovel to gather in large quantities.— v.i. to use a shovel :-pr.p. shov'elling; pa.t. and pa.p. shov'elled. [From SHOVE; cog. with Ger. schaufel.] SHOW, shō, v.t. to present to view to enable to perceive or know: to inform : to teach: to guide: to prove: to explain: to bestow. -v.i. to appear: to look:pa.p. shown or showed.- -n. act of showing: display: a sight or spectacle: parade: appearance: plausibility: pretence. -n. SHOW'ER. [A.S. sceawian; Dut. schouwen, Ger. schauen, Goth. us-scavjan; probably allied to SEE.] SHOWBILL, shō'bil, n. a bill for showing or advertising the price, merits, etc., of goods. SHOWBREAD, shō'bred, n. among the Jews, the twelve loaves of bread shown or presented before the Lord in the sanctuary. SHOWER, show'er, n. a fall of rain or hail, of short duration: a copious and rapid fall.-v.t. to wet with rain: to bestow liberally.-v.i. to rain in showers. [A.S. scur; Ice. skur, O. Ger. scur (Ger. schauer); perh. orig. sig. a raincloud."] SHOWERY, show'er-i, adj. abounding with showers. 66 SHOWY, shō'i, adj. making a show: cutting a dash ostentatious: gay.-adv. SHOW'ILY.-n. SHOW'INESS. SHRAPNEL, shrap'nel, n. (gun.) a shell filled with musket-balls, called after its inventor, Col. Shrapnel. SHRED, shred, n. a long, narrow piece cut or torn off a strip or fragment.-v.t. to cut or tear into shreds. [A.S. screade; Ger. schrot, Scot. screed.] SHREW, shrōō, n. a brawling, troublesome woman: a scold. [Prob. closely connected with Dut. schreeuwen, Low Ger. schrauen, Ger. schreien, to brawl.] SHREWD, shrōōd, adj. of an acute judgment: (obs.) malicious, wicked, cunning. - adv. SHREWD'LY. -n. SHREWD'NESS. [Lit. "having the nature of a shrew."] SHREWISH, shrōō'ish, adj. having the qualities of a shrew: peevish and troublesome clamorous.-adv. SHREW'ISHLY.-n. SHREW'ISHNESS. SHREW MOUSE, shrōō'mows, n. a harmless little animal like the mouse, which burrows in the ground. [A.S. screawa, and MOUSE.] SHREW-STRUCK, shrōō'-struk, adj. poisoned or otherwise harmed by what was formerly believed to be the vemomous SHRUNK bite or contact of a shrew-mouse.Kingsley. SHRIEK, shrek, v.i. to utter a shriek to scream.-n. the shrill outcry caused by terror or anguish. [Ice. skrika. See SCREAM and SCREECH.] SHRIEVALTY, shrev'al-ti, n. same as SHERIFFALTY in England and the Domin ion of Canada. SHRIFT, shrift, n. confession made to a priest absolution-especially of a dying man. [From SHRIVE.] SHRIKE, shrik, n. a bird which preys on insects and small birds, impaling its prey on thorns, hence called the Butcher Bird. [Lit. the "shrieking" bird, Ice. skrikja. Cf. SHRIEK.] SHRILL, shril, adj. piercing: sharp: uttering an acute sound.-adv. SHRIL'LY.n. SHRILL NESS. [Allied to Low Ger. schrell, Ger. schrill, and conn. with Ger. schreien, to cry.] SHRIMP, shrimp, n. a small shellfish, about two inches long, much esteemed as food. [Prov. E. shrimp, anything very small; conn. with A.S. scrymman, to wither, and Ger. schrumpfen, to shrivel.] SHRINE, shrin, n. a place in which sacred things are deposited: a sacred place: an altar.-v.t. to enshrine. [Lit. "a chest for written papers," A.S. scrin, O. Fr. escrin-L. scrinium-scribo, to write.] SHRINK, shringk, v.i. to contract: to wither: to occupy less space: to become wrinkled by contraction: to recoil, as from fear, disgust, etc.-v.t. to cause to shrink or contract:-pa.t.shrank, shrunk; pa.p. shrunk, shrunk'en. -N. act of shrinking contraction: withdrawal or recoil. [A.S. scrincan; akin to Ger. schränken, to place obliquely or crosswise perh. also conn. with SHRUG.] SHRIVE, shriv, v.t. to hear a confession.v.i. to receive confession (said of a priest): -pa.t. shrōve or shrived; pa.p. shriv'en. [A.S. scrifan, to write, to prescribe penance-L. scribo.] SHRIVEL, shriv'l, v.i. and v.t. to contract into wrinkles :-pr.p. shriv'elling; pa.t. and pa.p. shriv'elled. [Ety. dub.; perh. conn. with A.S. screpa, to become dry, and obs. E. rivel, to shrink, to wither.] SHROUD, shrowd, n. the dress of the dead: that which clothes or covers :-pl. a set of ropes from the mast-heads to a ship's sides, to support the masts.-v.t. to inclose in a shroud: to cover: to hide to shelter. [A.S. scrud, cog. with Ice. skrudh, clothing.] SHROVE-TIDE, shrōv'-tid, n. the time at which confession used to be made, the time immediately before Lent. SHROVE TUESDAY, the day before AshWednesday. [M.E. schrof (pa.t. of schriven)-A.S. scraf (pa.t. of scrifan). See SHRIVE and TIDE.] - n. SHRUB, shrub, n. a low, dwarf tree: a woody plant with several stems from the same root. [A.S. scrobb, perh. conn. with prov. E. shruff, light rubbish wood, and with the root of SHRIVEL.] SHRUB, shrub, n. a drink or liquor of lemon-juice, spirit, sugar, and water. [A corr. of SHERBET.] SHRUBBERY, shrub'er-i, n. a collection of shrubs. SHRUBBY, shrub'i, adj. full of shrubs: like a shrub: consisting of shrubs or brush. SHRUG, shrug, v.t. to draw up: to contract.-v.i. to draw up the shoulders: -pr.p. shrugg'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. shrugged. -N. a drawing up of the shoulders. [Ety. dub.; perh, conn. with SHRINK.] SHRUNK, pa.t. and pa.p. of SHRINK. |