BLOW

den misfortune or calamity. [A.S. bleovan is doubtful; found in Dut. blouwen, to dress (beat) flax, Ger. bläuen, to beat hard, and L. flig- in INFLICT, FLAGELLATION. Derivative BLUE.]

BLOW, blō, v.i. to bloom or blossom :pr.p. blow'ing; pa.p. blown. [A.S. blowan, Ger. blühen. See BLOOM, BLOS

SOM.

BLOW, blō, v.i. to produce a current of

air to move, as air or the wind.-v.t. to drive air upon or into: to drive by a current of air: to sound as a wind instrument :-pa.t. blew (blōō); pa.p. blown.BLOW UPON, to taint, to make stale. [A.S. blawan; Ger. blähen, blasen; L. flare.]

BLOWPIPE, blō'pīp, n. a pipe through

which a current of air is blown on a flame, to increase its heat.

BLOWN, blōn, p.adj. out of breath, tired: swelled: stale, worthless. BLOWZE, blowz, n. a ruddy, fat-faced woman.-adjs. BLOWZED', BLOWZ'Y, ruddy, or flushed with exercise. [From root of BLUSH.]

BLUBBER, blub'er, n. the fat of whales and other sea animals.-v.i. to weep in a noisy manner. [BLUBBER, BLABBER, etc., are extensions of bleb, blob; they contain the root idea of "puffed-up," and are formed in imitation of the sound of the bubbling or foaming of a liquid.] BLUDGEON, blud'jun, n. a short stick with a heavy end to strike with. [From root of BLOCK.]

BLUE, blōō, n. the color of the sky when

unclouded: one of the seven primary colors.-adj. of the color blue.-n. BLUENESS. [Found in Ice. blar, cog. with Ger. blău; originally meaning livid, the color caused by a BLOW.]

BLUEBELL, blōō'bel, n. a plant that bears blue bell-shaped flowers. BLUEBOOK, blōō'book, n. a book containing some official statement, so called from its blue cover.

BLUE-BOTTLE, blōō'-bot'l, n. a plant

with blue bottle-shaped flowers that grows among corn: a large blue fly. BLUE-JACKET, blōō'-jak'et, n. a seaman, as distinguished from a marine. BLUE-STOCKING, blōō'-stok'ing, n. a literary lady: applied in Dr. Johnson's time to meetings held by ladies for conversation with certain literary men, one of whom always wore blue stockings. BLUFF, bluf, adj. blustering: outspoken: steep.-n. BLUFF NESS. [Prob. Dut.] BLUFF, bluf, n. a high steep bank overlooking the sea or a river. BLUISH, blōō'ish, adj. slightly blue.-n. BLU'ISHNESS.

BLUNDER, blun'der, v.i. to make a gross mistake, to flounder about.-n. a gross mistake. [From root of BLUNT.] BLUNDERBUSS, blun'der-bus, n. a short hand-gun, with a wide bore. [Corr. of Dut. donderbus-donder, thunder, bus, a box, barrel of a gun, a gun; Ger. donnerbüchse.]

BLUNT, blunt, adj. having a dull edge or point rough, outspoken, dull.-v.t. to dull the edge or point: to weaken.-adj. BLUNT'ISH.-adv. BLUNT'LY.-n. BLUNT'NESS. [Orig. sleepy, dull; Dan. blunde, to slumber, akin to BLIND.] BLUR, blur, n. a blot, stain, or spot.-v.t. to blot, stain, obscure, or blemish :pr.p. blurring; pa.p. blurred'. [A variety of BLEAR.]

BLURT, blurt, v.t. to utter suddenly or unadvisedly. [From BLARE.] BLUSH, blush, n. a red glow on the face caused by shame, modesty, etc.: any reddish color: sudden appearance.―v.i. to show shame or confusion by growing

40

red in the face: to grow red. [A.S. blyse, a blaze. See BLAZE, BLOWZE.] BLÜSTER, blus'ter, v.i. to make a noise like a blast of wind: to bully or swagger.

n. a blast or roaring as of the wind: bullying or boasting language. [An augmentative of BLAST.] BLUSTERY, blus'ter-i, adj. blustering: blusterous: raging: noisy. "A hollow,

blustery, pusillanimous, and unsound one (character)."-Carlyle.

BO, bō, int. a word used to frighten children.

BOA, bō'a, n. a genus of serpents, which includes the largest species of serpents, the BOA-CONSTRICTOR: a long serpentlike piece of fur worn round the neck by ladies. [Perh. conn. with L. bos, an ox.] BOAR, bōr, n. the male of swine. [A.S. bar.]

BOARD, bōrd, n. a broad and thin strip of timber: a table to put food on food: a table round which persons meet for some kind of business: any council or authorized body of men, as a school board: the deck of a ship.-ON BOARD, in U. S., same as ABOARD.-v.t. to cover with boards to supply with food at fixed terms to enter a ship: to attack.-v.i. to receive food or take meals. [A.S. bord, a board, the side of a ship; Ice. bord, the side of a ship; found also in Celt.; conn. either with BEAR or with BROAD.]

BOARDER, bōrd'er, n. one who receives board (food): one who boards a ship. BOARDING, bōrd'ing, n. the act of covering with boards: the covering itself: act of boarding a ship.

BOARDING-SCHOOL, bōrd'ing-skōōl, n. a school in which board is given as well as instruction.

BOARD-WAGES, bōrd'-waj'ez, n. wages allowed to servants to keep themselves in food.

BOAST, bōst, v.i. to talk vaingloriously: to brag.-v.t. to brag of: speak proudly or confidently of: to magnify or exalt one's self.-n. an expression of pride: a brag: the cause of boasting. [M.E. bost—W. bost, Gael. bosd, a bragging.] BOASTFUL, bōst'fool, adj. given to brag. -adv. BOAST FULLY.-N. BOAST FULNESS. BOASTING, bōst'ing, n. ostentatious display: vaunting.

BOAŤ, bōt, n. small open vessel usually moved by oars: a small ship.-v.i. to go in a boat. [A.S. bat; Dut. boot; Fr. bat-eau; Gael. bata.]

BOATABLE, bōt'a-bl, adj. capable of being navigated with boats. (Amer.) BOATHOOK, bōt'hook, n. an iron hook fixed to a pole used for pulling or pushing off a boat.

BOATING, bōt'ing, n. the art or practice of sailing in boats. BOATMAN, bōt'man, n. a man who has charge of a boat: a rower. BOATSWAIN, bot'swan(colloquially bo'sn), n. a petty officer on board ship who looks after the boats, rigging, etc., and calls the seamen to duty. [(Lit.) a boat's swain or servant. From A.S. bátswán-bát, a boat, swán, a lad.]

.-n. a

BOB, bob, v.i. to move quickly up and down, to dangle: to fish with a bob.v.t. to move in a short jerking manner: -pr.p. bobb'ing; pa.p. bobbed'.short jerking motion: a slight blow: anything that moves with a bob or swing a pendant. [Perhaps imitative, like Gael. bog, to agitate, babag, baban, a tassel.]

BOBBIN, bob'in, n. a small piece of wood on which thread is wound. [Fr. bobine, perhaps from Gael. baban, a tassel.] BOBBINET, bob-in-et' or bob'in-et, n. a

BOIL

kind of fine netted lace made by ma chines. BOBOLINK, bob'ō-lingk, n. a North American singing bird, found in the northern states in spring and summer. [At first Bob Lincoln, from the note of the bird.] BOB-SLED, bob'-sled, n. a sled for the transportation of large timber from the forest to a river or public road: also a farmer's road sled. (Amer.)

BOBWIG, bob'wig, n. a short wig. BOCK-BEER, BÖCK-BIER, bok'bēr, n. a double strong variety of lager-beer, darker in color than the ordinary kinds, less bitter in taste, and considerably more intoxicating. [Gr. bock-bier, buck or goat beer, so called, it is said, from making its consumers prance and tumble about like a buck or a goat.] BOCKING, bok'ing, n. a kind of baize or woollen cloth, used to cover a floor or to protect carpets. (Amer.)

BODE, bōd, v.t. to portend or prophesy.v.i. to be an omen: to foreshow. [A.S. bodian, to announce-bod, a message; allied to BID.] [called in Canada. BODETTE, bō-det', n. a cot bedstead, so BODICE, bod'is, n. a woman's stays, formerly called bodies, from fitting close to the body.

BODIED, bod'id, adj. having a body. BODILESS, bod'i-les, adj. without a body: incorporeal.

BODILY, bod'i-ly, adj. relating to the body, esp. as opposed to the mind. BODKIN, bod'kin, n., a small dagger: a small instrument for pricking holes or for dressing the hair: a large blunt needle. [Prob. W. bidog.]

BODY, bod'i, n. the whole frame of a man or lower animal: the main part of an animal, as distinguished from the limbs: the main part of anything: matter, as opposed to spirit: a mass a person: a number of persons united by some common tie.-v.t. to give form to: to embody-pr.p. bod'ying; pa.p. bod'ied. [A.S. bodig.]

BODYGUARD, bod'i-gärd, n. a guard to

protect the person, esp. of the sovereign. BODY-POLITIC, bod'i-pol'it-ik, n. the collective body of the people in its political capacity.

BEOTIAN, be-o'shyan, adj. pertaining to Boeotia in Greece, noted for the dullness of its inhabitants: hence, stupid, dull. BOG, bog, n. soft ground: a marsh or quagmire.-adj. BOGG'Y. [Ir. bogach; Gael. bog.]

BOGGLE, bogʻl, v.i. to stop or hesitate, as if at a bogle: to make difficulties about a thing; also to embarrass. (Amer.) BOGLE, bōgʻl, n. a spectre or goblin. [Scot. bogle, a ghost; W. bwg, a goblin. See BUG.J BOGMOSS, bog'mos, n. a genus of moss plants.

BOGUS, bo'gus, adj. counterfeit, spurious. [An Amer. cant word, of very doubtful origin.]

BOHEA, bo-he', n. the lowest quality of black tea. [Chinese.]

BOHEMIAN, bo-he'mi-an, n. and adj. applied to persons of loose and irregular habits.- -n. BOHEMIANISM. [Fr. bohé mien, a gipsy, from the belief that these wanderers came from Bohemia.] BOIL, boil, v.i., to bubble up from the action of heat to be hot: to be excited or agitated.-v.t. to heat to a boiling state: to cook or dress by boiling.-BOILINGPOINT, the temperature at which liquids begin to boil under heat. [O. Fr. boilir -L. bullire-bulla, a bubble.] BOIL, boil, n. an inflamed swelling or tumor. [A.S. byl; Ger. beule; Ice. bola from the root of BULGE.]

BOILER

BOILER, boil'er, n. one who boils: that in which anything is boiled. BOISTEROUS, bois'ter-us, adj., wild: noisy turbulent: stormy.-adv. BOIS'TEROUSLY.-n. BOIS'TEROUSNESS. [M.E. boistous-W. bwyst, wildness.] BOISTEROUS, bois'ter-us, adj. strong. BOLD, bōld, adj. daring or courageous: forward or impudent: executed with spirit: striking to the sight: steep or abrupt.-adv. BOLD'LY.-n. BOLD'NESS.TO MAKE BOLD, to take the liberty, to make free. [A.S. bald; O. Ger. pald; O. Fr. baud, Goth. balths, Ice. ballr.] BOLE, bōl, n., the round stem or body of a tree. [Ice. bolr, from its round form. Conn. with BoWL, a cup, BULGE, BOIL, a swelling, and BAG.] BOLL, bōl, n. one of the round heads or seed-vessels of flax, poppy, etc. a pod or capsule: a Scotch dry measure- - six imperial bushels, not now legally in use. [A form of BowL, a cup, and sig. "thing round."]

BOLLED, bōld, swollen: podded. [Pa.p. of M.E. bollen, to swell.]

BOLSTER, bōl-ster, n. a long round pillow or cushion: a pad.-v.t. to support with a bolster to hold up. [A.Š. bolster ; from root of BOWL.]

BOLT, bōlt, n. a bar or pin used to fasten a door, etc.; an arrow; a thunderbolt. -v.t. to fasten with a bolt: to throw or utter precipitately: to swallow hastily. -v.i. to rush away (like a bolt from a bow): to start off suddenly, said originally of a horse starting from his course, afterwards applied to politicians who suddenly desert their party: as to bolt the nomination of an objectionable candidate. [A.S. and Dan. bolt, Ger. bolzen; from root of BOLE, of a tree.] BOLT, bōlt, v.t. to sift, to separate the bran from, as flour: to examine by sifting: to sift through coarse cloth. [O. Fr. bulter, or buleter-bureter-from bureLow L. burra, a coarse reddish-brown cloth-Gr. pyrros, reddish-pyr=FIRE.] BOLTING-HUTCH, bōlt'ing-huch, n. a hutch or large box into which flour falls when it is bolted. BOLT-UPRIGHT, bōlt'-up-rīt', adv. upright and straight as a bolt or arrow. BOLUS, bo'lus, n. a rounded mass of anything a large pill. [L. bolus, Gr. bōlos, a lump.]

BOMAREA, bo-mā'rē-a, n. a genus of amaryllidaceous twining plants, natives of South America.

BOMB, bum, n. a hollow shell of iron filled with gunpowder, and discharged from a mortar, so as to explode when it falls. [Fr. bombe-L. bombus, Gr. bombos, a humming sound; an imitative word.] BOMBARD, bum-bärd', v.t. to attack with bombs. -n. BOMBARD'MENT. -n. Вом

BARDIER'.

BOMBASINE, BOMBAZINE, bum-ba-zen',

n. a twilled fabric of silk and worsted. [Fr. bombasin-Low L. bombacinium— Gr. bombyx, silk. See BOMBAST.] BOMBAST, bum'bast, n. (orig.), cotton or any soft material used for stuffing garments: inflated or high-sounding language. [Low L. bombax, cotton-Gr. bombyx, silk.]

BOMBASTIC, bum-bast'ik, adj. highsounding inflated.

BOMB-PROOF, bum'-proof, adj. proof or secure against the force of bombs. BOMB-VESSEL, bum'-ves-el, n. a vessel for carrying the mortars used in bombarding from the sea. BONBON, bong'bong, n. a sweetmeat. [Fr., " very good "bon, good.] BOND, bond, n. that which binds, a band: link of connection or union: a writing

41

of obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.-IN BOND, the state of being deposited or placed in a bonded warehouse or store :-pl. imprisonment, captivity.-adj. bound: in a state of servitude.-v.t. to put imported goods in the customs' warehouses till the duties on them are paid. [A.S.; a variation of band-bindan, to bind.]

BONDAGE, bond'āj, n. state of being bound: captivity: slavery. [0. Fr.Low L. bondagium, a kind of tenure. Acc. to Skeat, this is from A.S. honda, a boor, a householder, from Ice. bondibuandi, a tiller, a husbandman.] BONDED, bond'ed, p.adj. secured by bond, as duties.

BONDING, bond'ing, n. that arrangement by which goods remain in the customs' warehouses till the duties are paid. BONDMAN, bond'man, n. a man slave.— | ns. BOND'MAID, BOND'WOMAN. BONDSMAN, bondz'man, n. a bondman or slave: a surety.

BONE, bōn, n. a hard substance forming the skeleton of an animal: a piece of the skeleton of an animal.-v. t. to take the bones out of, as meat. [A.S. ban; Ger. bein, Goth. bain, bone, leg; W. bon, a stem or stock.]

BONE-ASH, bōn'-ash, n. the remains when bones are burned in an open furnace. BONE-BLACK, bōn'-blak, n. the remains when bones are heated in a close vessel. BONE-CAVE, bōn'-kāv, n. a cave in which are found bones of extinct animals, sometimes together with the bones of man or other traces of his contemporaneous existence.

BONE-DUST, bōn'-dust, n. ground or pulverized bones, used in agriculture, for fertilizing the soil.

BONE-GLUE, bōn'-glū, n. an inferior kind of glue obtained from bones.] BONE-SETTER, bōn'-set'er, n. one whose occupation is to set broken and dislocated bones.

BONFIRE, bon'fir, n. a large fire in the open air on occasions of public rejoicings, etc. [Orig. a fire in which bones were burnt.]

BON-MÓT, bong'-mō, n., a good or witty saying. [Fr. bon, good, mot, word.] BONNE-BOUCHE, bon-boosh', n. a delicious mouthful. [Fr. bonne, good, bouche, mouth.]

BONNET, bon'et, n. a covering for the head worn by women: a cap.-p.adj. BONN'ETED. [Fr.-Low L. bonneta, orig. the name of a stuff.]

BONNY, bon'i, adj. beautiful: handsome : gay.-adv. BONN'ILY. [Fr. bon, bonneL. bonus, good; Celt. bain, baine, white, fair.]

BONNY-CLABBER, bon'ni-klab'ber, n. thick milk from which the whey is drained to get the curds out. (Amer.) BONUS, bōn'us, n. a premium beyond the

usual interest for a loan: an extra dividend to shareholders. [L. bonus, good.] BONY, bōn'i, adj. full of, or consisting of, bones.

BONZE, bon'ze, n. a Buddhist priest. [Jap. bozu, a priest.]

BOOBY, bōōb'i, n. a silly or stupid fellow: a water-bird, of the pelican tribe, remarkable for its apparent stupidity. [Sp. bobo, a dolt; O. Fr. bobu, stupid.-L. balbus, stuttering.]

BOOBYISM, bö'bi-izm, n. the state or quality of being a booby: stupidity: foolishness. "Lamentable ignorance and boobyism on the stage of a private theatre."Dickens.

BOOK, book, n. a collection of sheets of paper bound together, either printed, written on, or blank: a literary composi- |

BOOTLESS

tion: a division of a volume or subject.v.t. to write in a book. [A.S. boc, a book, the beech; Ger. buche, the beech, buch,. a book, because the Teutons first wrote on beechen boards.]

BOOK-CLUB, book'-klub, n. an association of persons who buy new books for circulation among themselves. BOOKING-CLERK, book'ing-klërk, n. the clerk or official who supplies passengers with tickets at a booking-office. BOOKISH, book'ish, adj. fond of books, acquainted only with books.-n. BOOK'ISHBOOK-KEEPING, book'-kep'ing, n. the art of keeping accounts in a regular and systematic manner. BOOK-LEARNING,book'-lern'ing, n.learning got from books, as opposed to practical knowledge.

NESS.

BOOKPLATE, book'plāt, n. a label usually

pasted inside the cover of a book, bearing the owner's name, crest, or peculiar device. BOOK-POST, book'-post, n. the department in the Post-office for the transmission of books.

BOOKWORM, book'wurm, n. a worm or mite that eats holes in books: a hard reader: one who reads without discrimination or profit.

BOOKWRIGHT, book'rīt, n. a writer of books: an author: a term of slight contempt. Kingsley.

BOOM, bōōm, n. a pole by which a sail is stretched: a chain or bar stretched across a harbor. [Dut. boom, a beam, a tree.] BOOM, bōōm, v.i. to make a hollow sound or roar.-n. a hollow roar, as of the sea, the cry of the bittern, etc. [From a Low Ger. root found in A.S. byme, a trumpet, Dut. bommen, to drum; like BOMB, of imitative origin.]

BOOMERANG,bōōm'e-rang,n. a hard-wood missile used by the natives of Australia, shaped like the segment of a circle, and so made that when thrown to a distance it returns towards the thrower. (Australian.) Applied also to any scheme or plan which turns against its author. (Amer.)

BOON, bōōn, n. a petition: a gift or favor. [Ice. bón, a prayer; A.S. ben.] BOON, bōōn, adj. (as in boon companion)

gay, merry or kind. [Fr. bon-L. bonus, good.]

BOOR, bōōr, n. a coarse or awkward per

son. [Dut. boer (Ger. bauer), a tiller of the soil-Dut. bouwen; cog. with Ger. bauen, A.S. buan, to till.] BOORISH, bōōr'ish, adj. like a boor: awkward or rude.-adv. BOOR'ISHLY.-N. BOOR'ISHNESS.

BOOST, bōōst, v.t. to lift or push one up a tree or over a fence. (Amer.) BOOT, bōōt, n. a covering for the foot and lower part of the leg generally made of leather an old instrument of torture for the legs: a box or receptacle in a coach: n.pl. the servant in a hotel that cleans the boots.-v.t. to put on boots. [Fr. botte, a butt, or a boot, from O.Ger. buten, a cask. See BOTTLE, BUTT.] BOOT, bōōt, v.t. to profit or advantage.n. advantage: profit.-To BOOT, in addi tion. [A.S. bot, compensation, amends, whence betan, to amend, to make BET TER.]

BOOTÉE, bōō-te', n. a boot without a top, or a shoe made like a boot without a leg.. (Amer.)

BOOTH, bōōth, n. a hut or temporary erection formed of slight materials. [Ice. buth; Ger. bude; also Slav. and Celt., as Gael. both, hut.] BOOTJACK, bōōt'jak, n. an instrument for taking off boots. [Boor and JACK.] BOOTLESS, bōōt'les, adj. without boot or

BALL

BALL, bawl, n. an entertainment of dancing. [Fr. bal-It. and Low L. baware, to dance, from Gr. balio to throw, the game of ball-throwing having been associated with music and dancing.] BALLAD, ball'ad, n. a short narrative poem: a popular song. [Fr. ballade, It. ballata, from ballare, to dance; a song sung in dancing.]

BALLADMONGER, ball'ad-mung-ger, n. a dealer in ballads. BALLAST, bal'last, n. heavy matter placed in a ship to keep it steady when it has no cargo: that which renders anything steady.v.t. to load with ballast: to make or keep steady. [Dut.; ety. best seen in Dan. bag-last or ballast, from bag, "behind," the BACK, and last, load; a load placed behind or under to steady a ship.]

BALLET, ball'a, n. a theatrical exhibition acted chiefly in dancing. [Fr. dim. of bal, a dance.]

BALLISTA, ball-is'ta, n. a military engine in the form of a cross-bow, used by the ancients for throwing heavy arrows, darts, large stones, etc. [L.-Gr. ballo, to throw.]

BALLOON, ball-oon', n. a large bag, made of light material, and filled with a gas lighter than common air, so as to make it ascend.-BALLOONING, the operation of inflating shares or stock by publishing fictitious favorable reports or the like. (Stock exchange slang.) [Fr. ballonballe, a ball; the on is augmentative.] BALLOT, bal'ut, n., a little ball or ticket used in voting: the act of secret voting by putting a ball or ticket into a box. v.i. to vote by ballot :-pr.p. ball'oting; pa.p. ball'oted. [Fr. ballotte, dim. of balle, a ball. See BALL.] BALL-PROOF, bawl'-proof, adj. proof against balls discharged from firearms. BALLROOM, bawl'rōōm, n. a room for balls or dancing.

BALM, bäm, n. an aromatic plant: a fragrant and healing ointment obtained from such a plant: anything that heals or soothes pain. [Fr. baume, O. Fr. basme -L. balsamum. See BALSAM.J BALMY, bäm'i, adj. fragrant: soothing: bearing balm.

BALNEOGRAPHY, bal-nē-og'ra-fi, n. a description of baths. Dunglison. [L. balneum, a bath, and Gr. graphe, a description.] BALNEOLOGY, bal-nē-ol'o-ji, n. treatise

28

tion: a curse. [A.S. ge-bann, a proclamation, a widely diffused Teut. word, O. Ger. pannan, orig. meaning to summon to trial." See ABANDON.] BANALITY, ba-nal'i-ti, n. the state of being banal, trite, or stale: commonplaceness vulgarity or triviality in expression. [Fr. banalité.]

BANANA, ba-nä'na, n. a gigantic herbaceous plant, remarkable for its nutritious fruit.

BAND, band, n., that which binds together a tie. A.S. bend, from bindan, to bind. See BIND.]

BAND, band n. a number of persons bound together for any common purpose: a body of musicians. v.t. to bind together. v.i. to associate. [Fr. bande, from Ger. band, bond, thing used in bindingbinden, E. BIND. See BANNER.] BANDAGE, band'āj, n. a strip of cloth used to bind up a wound or fracture.v.t. to bind with such. BANDANA, BANDANNA, ban-dan'a, n. a kind of silk or cotton colored handkerchief, originally from India. BANDBOX, band'boks, n. a thin kind of box for holding bands, caps, etc. BANDIT, ban'dit, n. an outlaw: a robber: -pl. BAN'DITS or BANDITT'I. [It. bandito -Low L. bannire, bandire, to proclaim, from BAN.]

BANDOG, ban'dog, n. properly band-dog, a large, fierce dog (which, on account of its fierceness, was kept bound or chained). BANDORE, ban-dōr', n. a widow's veil for covering the head and face. Prior. BANDS, bandz, n.pl. a portion of the dress worn by clergymen, barristers, etc.—a relic of the ancient amice. BANDY, ban'di, n. a club bent at the end for striking a ball: a game at ball with such a club.-v.t. to beat to and fro as with a bandy: to toss from one to another (as words), like playing at bandy: -pa.p. ban'died. [Fr. bander, to bend Ger. band, a tie, string.] BANDY-LEGGED, ban'di-legd, adj. naving bandy or crooked legs. BANE, ban, n., destruction: death: mischief: poison. [A.S. bana, a murderer; Ice. bani, death.]

BANEFUL, ban'fool, adj. destructive. adv. BANE FULLY.

BANG, bang, n. a heavy blow.-v.t. to beat: to strike violently. [Ice. bang, a hammering; originally perhaps from the sound.]

BAPTIST

BANKABLE, bangk'a-bl, adj. received at a bank, as bills: discountable, as notes. (Amer.)

BANK-BILL, bangk'-bil, n. a bank-note. (Amer.)

BANKER, bangk'er, n. a vessel engaged in the Newfoundland fisheries. (Amer.) BANKER, bangk'er, n. one who keeps a bank: one employed in banking busi

ness.

BANKING, bangk'ing, n. the business of a banker.-adj. pertaining to a bank. BANKLESS, bangk'les, adj. without banks or limits. "The bankless sea."-Davies. BANK-NOTE, bangk'-not, n. a note issued by a bank, which passes as money. BANKRUPT, bangk'rupt,n. one who breaks or fails in business: an insolvent person. -adj. insolvent. [BANK, a bench, and L. ruptus, broken.] BANKRUPTCY, bangk'rupt-si, n. the state of being or act of becoming bankrupt. BANK-STOCK, bangk'-stok, n. a share or shares in the capital stock of a bank. BANNER, ban'er, n. a military standard: a flag or ensign. [Fr. bannière, It. bandiera-Low L. bandum, a standard, from Ger. band, a band, a strip of cloth, a waving or fluttering cloth, used as a flag -Ger. binden. See BAND, BIND.] BANNERED, ban'erd, adj. furnished with banners.

BANNERET, ban'er-et, n. a higher class of knight, inferior to a baron. [Fr., dim. of BANNER.

BANNOCK, ban'nok, n. a cake of Indianmeal fried in lard.

BANNS, banz, n.pl. a proclamation of marriage. From BAN.J

BANQUET, bangk'wet, n. a feast: any rich treat or entertainment.-v.t. to give a feast to.—v.i. to fare sumptuously.-. BANQUET-HOUSE. [Fr.-It. banchetto dim. of banco, a bench or table-Ger. bank. See BANK, a bench.] BANQUETTE, ban-ket', n. a name for a sidewalk in Louisiana.

BANSHEE, ban'she, n. a female fairy in Ireland and elsewhere, who usually ap pears and utters a peculiar shrieking wail before a death in a particular family to which she is attached. [Ir. bean, a woman, sidhe, a fairy.]

BANTAM, ban'tam, n. a small variety of the common fowl, brought from the East Indies, and supposed to be named from Bantam in Java.-adj. of the ban

tam

knowledge relating to baths and bathing. Dunglison. [L. balneum, a bath, and Gr. logos, a discourse.] BALNEOTHERAPIA, bal'nē-o-ther-a-pi'a,

BALNEOTHERAPY,bal'në-ō-thera-pi,n. the treatment of disease by baths. Dunglison. [L. balneum, a bath, and Gr. therapeia, medical treatment.] BALSAM, bawl'sam, n. the name of certain plants: a resinous oily substance flowing from tnem. [L. balsamum-Gr. balsamon-Heb. baal, a prince, and schaman, oil.]

BALSAMIC, bal-sam'ik, adj. soothing. BALUSTER, bal'ust-er, n. a small pillar used as a support to the rail of a staicase, etc.-adj. BALUSTERED, bal'ust-erd. Fr. balustre-Low L. balaustium-Gr. balaustion, the flower of the pomegranate; from the similarity of form.] BALUSTRADE, bal'ust-rad, n. a row of balusters joined by a rail. BAMBOO, bam-bōō', n. a gigantic Indian reed or grass, with hollow-jointed stem, and of hard texture. [Malay.] BAMBOOZLE, bam-bōo'zl, v.t. to deceive : to confound. [Ety. dub.]

BAN, ban, n. a proclamation: a denuncia

ing drug made from Indian hemp. [Pers. bang.]

BANIAN. See BANYAN.

BANISH, ban'ish, v.t. to condemn to exile: to drive away. [Fr. bannir-Low L. bannire, to proclaim, from BAN, and see ABANDON.

BANISHMENT, ban'ish-ment, n. exile. BANISTER, ban'ist-er, n. corruption of BALUSTER.

BANJO, ban'jo, n. a musical instrument like a fiddle. [Corr. of Fr. bandore or pandore- pandura-Gr. pandoura.] BANJORE, ban'jōr, n. Same as BANJO. Miss Edgeworth.

BANK, bangk, n. a mound or ridge of earth the earthy margin of a river, lake, etc.: rising ground in the sea. -v.t to inclose with a bank. [A.S. banc; Ger. bank. Conn. with BENCH through the idea of "thing ridged or raised."] BANK, bangk, n. a place where money is deposited: an institution for the keeping, lending, and exchanging, etc., of money.-v.t. to deposit in a bank, as money. [Fr. banque-It. banco, a bench on which the Italian money-changers displayed their money-Ger.bank,E. BENCH.]

humored raillery: to joke or jest at; also, to challenge to a match: to provoke to a wager. (Amer.)-n. humorous rail lery: jesting. [Ety. dub.] BANTING, bant'ing, n. a system of diet for reducing superfluons fat. [From W Banting of London, who recommended it to the public in 1863.] BANTLING, bant'ling, n. a child. [So called from the bands in which it is wrapped.]

BANYAN, ban'yan, n. one belonging to the caste of merchants in India.-BANYAN-DAY, a day without meat. [Sans. banij, a merchant.] BANYAN, ban'yan, n. the Indian fig-tree whose branches take root and spread over a large area. [So called by the English because the Banyans (mercharts) held their markets under it.] BAOBAB, bã'o-bab, n. a large African tree. [W. African.] BAPTISM, bapt'izm, n. immersion in or sprinkling with water as a religious ceremony.-adj. BAPTISM'AL. BAPTIST, bapt'ist, n. one who baptizes: one who approves only of adult baptism by immersion.

bär'bi-kan, n. an outer work or defence of a castle, esp. before a gate or bridge. [Low L. barbacana, prob. from Pers.] BARBADOS-NUT, bär-ba'dōz-nut, n. the physic-nut, a product of Curcas purgans Jatropha Curcas). [See CURCAS.] BARBARESQUE, bär-bär-esk', adj. characteristic of barbarians: barbarous. De Quincey. (Rare.) BARBARIAN, bar-bar'i-an, adj. uncivilized savage without taste or refinement.-n. an uncivilized man, a savage: a cruel, brutal man. [L. barbarus, Gr. barbaros-bar, bar, an imitation of unintelligible sounds-applied by the Greeks (and afterwards the Romans) to those speaking a different language from themselves.]

BARBARIC, bar-bar'ik, adj. foreign: uncivilized.

BARBARISM, bär'bar-izm, n. savage life: rudeness of manners: an incorrect form of speech.

BARBARITY, bar-bar'i-ti, n. savageness: cruelty.

BARBARIZE, bär'bar-iz, v.t. to make barbarous.

BARBAROUS, bär'bar-us, adj. uncivilized: rude: savage, brutal.-adv. BAR'BAROUSLY.-N. BAR'BAROUSNESS. BARBECUE, bärb'e-kū, v.t. to roast whole, as a pig. [Ety. dub.]

BARBEL, bärb'el, n. a fresh-water fish with beard-like appendages at its mouth. [O. Fr. barbel-L. barba, a beard.] BARBER, bärb'er, n. one who shaves beards and dresses hair. [Fr.-L. barba, a beard.]

BARBERRY, bär'ber-i, n. a thorny shrub with red berries, common in hedges. [Low L. and Sp. berberis-Ar. barbaris.] BARBICAN, bär'bi-kan, n. same as BAR

BACAN.

BARD, bärd, n. a poet and singer among the ancient Celts: a poet. [Celtic.] BARDIC, bärd'ik, adj. pertaining to bards or their poetry.

BARE, bar, adj. uncovered, naked: poor, scanty: unadorned: mere or by itself.v.t. to strip or uncover.-adv. BARE'LY.

n. BARENESS. [A.S. bær; Ger. baar, bar; Ice. ber.]

BARE, bar, old pa.t. of BEAR. BAREFACED, bar'fast, adj. with the face uncovered: impudent. adv. BARE'BARGAIN, bär'gin, n. a contract or agreement: a favorable transaction.--INTO THE BARGAIN, over: above: besides.v.i. to make a contract or agreement: to chaffer. [Fr. barguigner-Low L. barcaniare; acc. to Diez from barca, a boat, used in carrying goods about.]

FACEDLY.-N. BARE FACEDNESS.

TONE.

BARKEN, bärk'en, adj. consisting or made of bark. "Barken knots."-Whittier. (Rare.)

BARLEY, bär'li, n. a grain used for food, but chiefly for making malt. [A.S. bærlic -bere (Scot.bear) and lic-lec, leek, plant; W. barllys-bara, bread, llys, a plant; akin to L. far, corn-from root of to bear.]

BARLEY-CORN, bär'li-korn, n. a grain of barley: a measure of length-the third part of an inch.

BARM, bärm, n. froth of beer or other fermenting liquor used as leaven: yeast. [A.S. beorma, Dan. bärme; akin to L. fermentum, Eng. brew.] BARMAID, bär'mad, n. a female who waits at the bar of a tavern or beer-shop. BARMECIDE, bär'me-sīd, adj. imaginary or pretended. [From a story in the "Arabian Nights," in which a beggar is entertained by one of the Barmecide princes on an imaginary feast.] BARMY, bärm'i, adj. containing barm or yeast.

BARN, bärn, n. a building in which grain, hay, etc., are stored.-v.t. to store in a barn.-ns. BARN-DOOR, bärn'-dōr, BARNYARD, bärn'-yard. [A.S. berern, contracted bern, from bere, barley, ern, a house.]

BARNABY-BRIGHT, bär'na-bi-brīt, n. the day of St. Barnabas the Apostle, the 11th of June, which in old style was the day of the summer solstice, or as put by the old rhyme: "Barnaby-bright, the longest day and the shortest night." The steward adjourned the court to Barnaby-bright that they might have day enough before them."-Addison. BARNACLE, bär'na-kl, n. a shell-fish

BARROW

ment by which the weight of the atmosphere is measured and changes of weather indicated.-adj. BAROMET'RIC.-adv. BAROMETRICALLY. [Gr. baros, weight; metron, measure.]

BAROMETRY, ba-rom'et-ri, n. the art or operation of conducting barometrical measurements, experiments, observa

tions, or the like.

A scrap of parchment hung by geometry,
(A great refinement in barometry),

Can, like the stars, foretell the weather.-Swift. BARON, bar'on, n. a title of rank next above a baronet and below a viscount, being the lowest in the House of Peers: a title of certain judges: in feudal times, the peers or great lords of the realm. [Fr. baron; in the Romance tongues the word meant a man as opposed to a woman, a strong man, a warrior; either from Celtic bar, a hero, fear, a man, or from O. Ger. bar, man. (O. Ger. bairan, E. BEAR, to carry).]

BARONAGE, bar'on-aj, n. the whole body of barons.

BARONESS, bar'on-es, n. a baron's wife. BARONET, bar'on-et, n. a title of rank

next above a knight and below a baronthe lowest hereditary title in England. [Dim. of BARON.]

BARONETAGE, bar'on-et-āj, n. the whole body of baronets. BARONETCY, bar'on-et-si, n. the rank of

baronet.

BARONIAL, bar-ōn'i-al, adj. pertaining to a baron or barony.

BARONY, bar'on-i, n. the territory of a baron.

BAROUCHE, ba-rōōsh', n. a double-seated four-wheeled carriage with a falling top. [It. barrocio-L. birotus, two-wheeled from bis, twice, rota, a wheel.] BARQUE, bärk, n. same as BARK, a ship. BARRACLADE, bar'ra-klad, n. a home

made napless blanket. [D. baare klederen, bare cloths.] BARRACK, bar'ak, n. a hut or building for soldiers, esp. in garrison (generally used in the plural). [Fr. baraque, It. baracca, a tent; cf. Celtic barrachad, a hut.]

BARRANCA, bar-rang'kaw, n. a deep ravine produced suddenly by heavy rains, and having steep banks. Used on Mexican border. (Amer.)

BARRAQUE, bar-rak', n. a roof on four posts for sheltering hay or other produce. [Fr. baraque, barrack.]

BARREL, bar'el, n. a round wooden vessel made of bars or staves: the quantity which such a vessel contains: anything long and hollow, as the barrel of a gun. v.t. to put in a barrel. [Fr. baril-barre. See BAR.] BARREL-VAULT, bar'el-vawlt, n. the simplest form of vault, having a semicircular roof. [See VAULT.]

BARREN, bar'en, adj. incapable of bearing offspring: unfruitful: dull, stupid.-BARRENS, in the United States, elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, unfit for timber.-n. BARR'ENNESS. [Fr. bréhaigne, O. Fr. baraigne.] BARRICADE, bar'ik-ad, n. a temporary fortification raised to hinder the advance of an enemy, as in the street fights at Paris.-v.t. to obstruct: to fortify. [Fr -barre, a bar. See BAR.]

BARRIER, bar'i-er, n. a defence against attack: a limit or boundary. [Fr. bar rière.]

BARRISTER, bar'is-ter, n. one who is qualified to plead at the bar in an English law-court. BARROW, bar'rò, n. a small hand or wheel carriage used to bear or convey a load. [A.S. berewe-beran, to bear.]

BARROW

BARROW, bar'rò, n. a mound raised over graves in former times. [A.S. beorhbeorgan, to protect.]

BARTER, bär'ter, v.t. to give one thing in exchange for another.v.i. to traffic by exchanging.-n. traffic by exchange of commodities. [O. Fr. bareter.] BARYCENTRIC,ˆ bar-i-sen'trik, adj. of, pertaining, or relating to the centre of gravity.-BARYCENTRIC CALCULUS, an application to geometry of the mechanical theory of the centre of gravity, executed in two distinct ways, according as metrical or descriptive geometrical properties are to be investigated. [Gr. barys, heavy, and kentron, centre.] BARYTONE, bar'i-tōn, n. a deep-toned male voice between bass and tenor. [Gr. barys, heavy, deep, and tonos, a tone.] BASALT, bas-awlt', n. a hard, dark-colored rock of igneous origin.-adj. BASALT'IC. [L. basaltes (an African word), a marble found in Ethiopia.]

BASALTOID, ba-sawlt'oid, adj. allied in appearance or nature to basalt: resembling basalt. [Basalt, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.]

BASE, bās, n. that on which a thing rests:

foot bottom: foundation: support: the chief ingredient.-v.t. to found or place on a base-pr.p. bās'ing; pa.p. bāsed. [Fr.-L.-Gr. basis-baino, to step.] BASE, bās, n. a skirt which hung down from the waist to the knees of a knight when on horseback. [From BASE, adj.] BASE, bās, adj. low in place, value, estimation, or principle: mean: vile: worthless (New Test.) humble, lowly.-adv. BASE LY.-N. BASE'NESS. [Fr. bas-Low L. bassus, thick, fat, a vulgar Roman word, found also in name Bassus.] BASE-BALL, bas'-bawl, n. a favorite game of ball in the United States, so-called from the bases, four in number, set down so as to mark the form of a diamond, and which designate the circuit each player must complete, in order to score à run, after striking the ball. BASE-BORN, bas'-bawrn, adj. born of low parentage illegitimate by birth: mean. BASE-BURNER, bas'-bern-er, n. a baseburning surface or stove.

BASE-BURNING, bās'-bern-ing, adj. burning at the base.-BASE-BURNING FURNACE or STOVE, one in which the fuel burns at the bottom, and is renewed from a selfacting hopper or chamber above. BASELESS, bas'les, adj. without a base or foundation.

BASHAW, ba-shaw', ገ.. com. written PASHA OF PACHA (which see). BASHFUL, bash'fool, adj. easily confused: modest shy: wanting confidence.-adv. BASH'FULLY.-N. BASHFULNESS. [From root of ABASH.]

BASIHYAL, ba-si-hi'al, adj. in anat. relating to or connected with the body or basal portion of the hyoid bone. [See HYOID.]

BASILICA, baz-il'ik-a, n. among the Romans, a large hall for judicial and commercial purposes, many of which were afterwards converted into Christian churches a magnificent church built after the plan of the ancient basilica. [L. basilica, Gr. basilike (oikia, a house), belonging to a king, from basileus, a king.] BASILISK, baz'il-isk, n. a fabulous serpent

30

having a crest on its head like a crown: in modern zoology, a kind of crested lizard. [G. basiliskos, dim. of basileus, a. king.]

BASIN, bas'n, n. a wide open vessel or dish: any hollow place containing water, as a dock: the area drained by a river and its tributaries. [Fr. bassin, It. bacino, Low L. bacchinus, perhaps from the Celtic bac, a cavity.]

BASIOCCIPITAL, ba'si-ok-sip'i-tal, adj. in anat. pertaining to or connected with the base of the occipital bone. BASIPETAL, bā-sip'e-tal, adj. tending to the centre. Specifically, in bot. a term applied to a leaf in which the axis appears first, and on its sides the lobes and leaflets spring from above downwards, the base being developed after the tip. [L. basis, a base, and peto, to seek.] BASIS, bas'is, n. the foundation or that on which a thing rests: the pedestal of a column the groundwork or first principle-pl. BASES, bās'ēz. [See BASE, foundation.]

BASISPHENOID, ba-si-sfe'noid, adj. in anat. pertaining to or connected with the base or posterior portion of the sphenoid bone.

BASK, bask, v.i. to lie in the warmth or sunshine. [From an O. Scand. form of BATHE.]

BASKET, bas'ket, n. a vessel made of plaited twigs, rushes, or other flexible materials. W. basged-basg, network, plaiting.]

BASKET-BEAGLE, bas'ket-be-gl, n. а beagle used in hunting a hare that was slipped from a basket to be coursed.

Gray-headed sportsmen, who had sunk from fox-hounds to basket-beagles and coursing."-Sir W. Scott. BASKET-HARE, bas'ket-hār, n. a captive hare slipped from a basket to be coursed in the absence of other game. BASKET-HILT, bas'ket-hilt, n. the hilt of a sword with a covering wrought like basket-work to defend the hand from injury.

BÅSKET-MEETING, bas'ket-met-ing, n. a picnic much in vogue in the United States. It derives its name from the practice of each member's bringing provisions in a basket.

BASQUE, bask, adj. relating to Biscay, a district of Spain, or to the language of its natives.

BAS-RELIEF, bä-re-lēf', n. Same as BASS

RELIEF.

BASS, bas, n. the low or grave part in music.-adj. low, deep, grave.-v.t. to sound in a deep tone. [See BASE, low.] BASS, bas, n. Same as BAST (which see). BASSOON, bas-ōōn', n. a musical windinstrument of a bass or very low note. [It. bassone, augment. of basso, low, from root of BASE.]

BASS-RELIEF, bas'-re-lef', n. (sculpture) figures which do not stand far out from the ground on which they are formed. [It. basso-rilievo. See BASE, low, and RELIEF.]

BASS-VIOL, bās'-vi-ol, n. a musical instrument with four strings, used for playing the bass: the violoncello. [See BASS, low, and VIOL.]

BAST, bast, n. the inner bark of the limetree: matting made of it. [A.S. bost; Dan., Sw., Ger. bast.] BASTARD, bast'ard, n. a child born of parents not married.-adj. born out of wedlock: not genuine false. [Fr. bâtard; O. Fr. fils de bast, son of bast, bast or bât being a coarse saddle for beasts of burden, and indicating contempt.] BASTARDIZE, bastʼard-īz, v.t. to prove to be a bastard.

BATTALION

BASTARDY, bast'ard-i, n. the state of being a bastard.

BASTE, bast, v.t., to beat with a stick. [Ice. beysta, Dan. böste, to beat.] BASTE, bāst, v.t. to drop fat or butter over meat while roasting. [Ety. unknown.]

BASTE, bast, v.t., to sew slightly or with long stitches. [O. Fr. bastir, from 0. Ger. bestan, to sew.]

BASTILLE, bast-el', n. an old fortress in Paris long used as a state prison, and demolished in 1789. [Fr.-O. Fr. bastir (Fr. bâtir), to build.] BASTINADE, bast-in-ad', BASTINADO, bast-in-ād'o, v.t. to beat with a baton or stick, esp. on the soles of the feet (a form of punishment in the East):pr.p. bastinād'ing or bastinād'oing; pa.p. bastinād'ed or bastinād'oed.-ns. BASTINaDE', BASTINāD'O. [Sp. bastonada, Fr. bastonnade-baston, baton. See BATON.] BASTION, bast'yun, n. a kind of tower at the angles of a fortification. [Fr.-O. Fr. bastir, to build.]

BASTIONARY, bas'ti-on-a-ri, adj. pertaining to or consisting of bastions; as, systems of bastionary fortification. BAT, bat, n. a heavy stick for beating or striking a club for striking the ball in base-ball and cricket: a piece of brick.v.i. to use the bat in cricket:-pr.p. batt'ing; pa.p. batt'ed. [Celt. bat, the root of beat, an imitation of the sound of a blow.]

BAT, bat, n. an animal with a body like a mouse, but which flies on wings attached to its fore-feet. [M.E. and Scot. bakke -Dan. bakke, Ice. letherblaka, leatherflapper.]

BATCH, bach, n. the quantity of bread

baked or of anything made at one time. [From BAKE.]

BÅTE, bāt, v.t. and v.i. Same as ABATE BATEMENT-LIGHT, bat'ment-līt, n. in

arch. one of the lights in the upper part of a window of the perpendicular style, abated, or only half the width of those below.

BATH, bäth, n. water for plunging the body into a bathing: a house for bathing-pl. BATHS, bäthz. [A.S. both; cog. with Ger. bad.]

BATH, bäth, n. the largest Jewish liquid

measure, containing about 8 gallons. [Heb. "measured."]

BATHE, bath, v.t. to wash as in a bath: to

wash or moisten with any liquid.—v.i. to be or lie in water as in a bath.-n. the act of taking a bath. [A.S. bathian— both.]

BATHOS, ba'thos, n. a ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean in writing or speech. [Gr. bathos, depth, from bathys, deep.]

BATING, bat'ing, prep., abating, excepting.

BATLET, bat'let, n. a wooden mallet used by laundresses for beating clothes. [Dim. of BAT.]

BATON, bat'on, n. a staff or truncheon, esp. of a policeman: a marshal's staff. [Fr. bâton-Low L. basto, a stick; of unknown origin.]

BATRACHIAN, ba-tra'ki-an, adj of or belonging to the frog tribe. [Gr. batrachos, a frog. BATRACHOPHIDIA, bat'ra-ko-fid'i-a, n.pl. Same as OPHIOMORPHA. [Gr. batrachos, a frog, and ophis, a serpent.] BATSMAN, bats'man, n. one who wields the bat at base-ball, cricket, etc. BATTALION, bat-al'yun, n. in the infantry of a modern army, the tactical unit or unit of command, being a body of soldiers convenient for acting together (numbering from 500 to 1,000); several companies