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BIBLIOLOGY

BIBLIOLOGY, bib-li-ol'oj-i, n. an account of books: biblical literature, or theology. [Gr. biblion, a book, logos, discourse.] BIBLIOMANIA, bib-li-o-man'i-a, n. a mania for possessing rare and curious books. [Gr. biblion, a book, and MANIA.] BIBLIOMANIAC, bib-li-o-man'i-ak, n. one who has a mania for possessing rare and curious books. BIBLIOPOLE, bib'li-o-põl, BIBLIOPOL IST, bib-li-op'ol-ist, n. a bookseller. [Gr. biblion, a book, põleō, to sell.] BIBULOUS, bib'u-lus, adj., drinking or sucking in spongy. [L. bibulus-bibo, to drink.]

BICARBONATE, bi-kär'bon-at, n. a carbonate or salt having two equivalents of carbonic acid to one equivalent of base. [L. bi- (for dvi-, from duo, two), twice, and CARBONATE.] BICAVITARY, bi-kav'i-ta-ri, adj. consisting of or possessing two cavities. [L. prefix bi-, two. twice, and E. cavity.] BICE, bis, n. a pale blue or green paint. [Fr. bis, bise; orig. unknown.] BICENTENARY, bi-sen'te-na-ri, n. 1, that which consists of or comprehends two hundred the space of two hundred years: 2, the commemoration of any event that happened two hundred years before, as the birth of a great man. [L. prefix bi-, two, twice, and E. centenary.] BICENTENARY, bi-sen'te-na-ri, adj. relating to or consisting of two hundred: relating to two hundred years: as, a bicentenary celebration.

BICENTENNIAL, bi-sen-ten'ni-al, adj. 1, consisting of or lasting two hundred years: as, a bicentennial period: 2, occurring every two hundred years. BICEPS, bi-seps, n. the muscle in front of the arm between the shoulder and elbow. [L. biceps, two-headed-bis, twice, and caput, head.]

BICÍPITAL, bi-sip'it-al, adj. (anat.), having two heads or origins. [See BICEPS.] BICKER, bik'er, v.i. to contend in a petty way to quiver: to move quickly and tremulously, as running water. [Acc. to Skeat, bicker-pick-er, or peck-er, to peck repeatedly with the beak.] BÍCONVEX, bi-kon'veks, adj. convex on both sides: double convex, as a lens. See LENS. [Prefix bi-, two, twice, and convex.]

BICORNÉ, bi-korn', n. one of two monstrous beasts (the other being Chichevache-which see) mentioned in an old satirical poem alluded to by Chaucer in the "Clerk's Tale." Bicorne is represented as feeding on patient husbands, while Chichevache feeds on patient wives, and the point of the satire consists in representing the former as being fat and pampered with a superfluity of food, while the latter is very lean, owing to the scarcity of her diet. BICYCLE, bi'sikl, n. a velocipede with two wheels, arranged one before the other. [L. bis, twice, and Gr. kyklos, a circle.] BICYCLING, bi'sik-ling, n. the art or practice of managing or travelling on a bicycle.

BID, bid, v.t., to offer: to propose to proclaim to invite: to command:-pr.p. bidd'ing; pa.t. bid or bade; pa.p. bid, bidd'en. n. an offer of a price. [A.S. beodan, Goth. bjudan, Ger. bieten, to offer.]

BID, bid, v.t., to ask for: to pray (nearly obs.). [A.S. biddan, Goth. bidjan; the connection with BID, to command, is dub. See BEAD.] BIDDABLE, bid'a-bl, adj. obedient to a bidding or command: willing to do what is bidden: complying. "She is exceedingly attentive and useful; . . . indeed I

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never saw a more biddable woman. Dickens.

BIDDER, bid'er, n. one who bids or offers a price. [command. BIDDING, bid'ing, n. offer: invitation: BIDE, bid, v.t. and v.i. Same as ABIDE, to wait for. [A.S. bidan, Goth. beidan.] BIDING, biding, n., abiding: stay. BIENNIAL, bi-en'yal, adj. lasting two years: happening once in two years.n. a plant that lasts two years. — adv. BIENNIALLY. [L. biennalis-bis, twice, and annus, a year.]

BIER, bēr, n. a carriage or frame of wood for bearing the dead to the grave. [A.S. bær; Ger. bahre, L. fer-etrum. From root of BEAR, v.] BIESTINGS, best'ingz, n. the first milk from a cow after calving. [A.S. bysting; Ger. biest-milch.]

BIFACIAL, bi-fā'shyal, adj. having two like faces or opposite surfaces. [Ľ. bis, twice, and FACIAL.]

BIFURCATED, bi-furk'at-ed, adj., twoforked having two prongs or branches. [L. bifurcus-bis, twice, furca, a fork.] BIFURCATION, bi-furk-a'shun, n. a forking or division into two branches. BIG, big, adj. large or great: pregnant: great in air, mien, or spirit. [M.E. bigg, Scot. bigly, prob. from Ice. byggi-ligr, habitable-byggja, to settle, conn. with bua, to dwell. From "habitable" it came to mean spacious," "large."] BIGAMIST, big'am-ist, n. one who has committed bigamy.

BIGAMY, big'am-i, n. the crime of having two wives or two husbands at once. [Fr. -L. bis, twice, and Gr. gamos, marriage.] BIGGIN, big'in, n. a child's cap or hood. [Fr. béguin, from the cap worn by the Béguines, a religious society of women in France.]

BIGHT, bit, n., a bend of the shore, or small bay: a bend or coil of a rope. [Cf. Dan. and Swed. bugt, Dut. bogt, from root of Goth. biugan, A.S. beogan, Ger. biegen, to bend, E. bow.]

BIGNESS, big'nes, n. bulk, size. BIGOT, big'ot, n. one blindly and obstinately devoted to a particular creed or party. [Fr.; variously derived from the oath By God, used, acc. to the tale, by the Norman Rollo, and then a nickname of the Normans; Béguine, a religious society of women; Visigoth, a Western Goth; and Sp. bigote, a moustache.] BIGOTED, bigʻot-ed, adj. having the qualities of a bigot.

BIGOTRY, big'ot-ri, n. blind or excessive zeal, especially in religious matters. BIJOU, be-zhōō', n. a trinket: a jewel: a little box-pl. BIJOUX, be-zhōō'. [Fr.] BIJOUTRY, be-zhōō'tri, n. jewelry: small articles of virtu.

BILATERAL, bi-lat'er-al, adj., having two sides. [L. bis, twice, and LATERAL.] BILBERRY, bil'ber-i, n. called also WHORTLEBERRY, a shrub and its berries, which are dark-blue. [Dan. böllebaer, ballberry (cf. BILLIARDS); Scot. blaeberry; Ger. blaubeere.]

BILBO, bil'bō, n. a rapier or sword :—pl. BILBOES, bil'bōz, fetters. [From Bilboa in Spain.]

BILE, bil, n. a thick yellow bitter fluid secreted by the liver: (fig.) ill-humor. [Fr.-L. bilis, allied to fel, fellis, the gall-bladder.]

BILEVE, v.i. to stay behind; to remain. Chaucer. [A.S. belifan—be, and lifan, to stay behind; comp. D. blijven, G. bleiben. BILGE, bilj, n. the bulging part of a cask: the broadest part of a ship's bottom.v.i. to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge, as a ship. [See BULGE, BELLY.] BILGE-WATER, bilj'-waw'ter, n. the foul

BIMANOUS

water which gathers in the bilge or bottom of a ship.

BILIARY, bil'yar-i, adj. belonging to or conveying bile.

BILINGUAL, bi-ling'wal, adj. of or containing two tongues or languages. [L. bilinguis-bis, twice, lingua, tongue.] BILIOUS, bil'yus, adj. pertaining to or affected by bile.

BILITERAL, bi-lit'er-al, n. a word, root, or syllable formed of two letters. A. H. Sayce.

BILK, bilk, v.t. to elude: to cheat. [Perhaps a dim. of BALK.]

BILL, bil, n. a kind of battle-axe: a hatchet with a hooked point for pruning. [A.S. bil; Ger. beil.]

BILL, bil, n. the beak of a bird, or anything like it.v.i. to join bills as doves : to caress fondly. [A.S. bile, the same word as the preceding, the primary meaning being, a cutting implement.] BILL, bil, n. an account of money: a draft of a proposed law: a written engagement to pay a sum of money at a fixed date: a placard or advertisement: any written statement of particulars.-BILL OF EXCHANGE, a written order from one person to another, desiring the latter to pay to some specified person a sum of money at a fixed date.-BILL OF LADING, a paper signed by the master of a ship, by which he makes himself responsible for the safe delivery of the goods specified therein.-BILL OF FARE, in a hotel, the list of dishes or articles of food.BILL OF HEALTH, an official certificate of the state of health on board ship before sailing.-BILL OF MORTALITY, an official account of the births and deaths occurring within a given time. [(Lit.) a sealed paper, from Low L. billa-bulla, a seal. See BULL, an edict.] BILLET, bil'et, n., a little note or paper: a ticket assigning quarters to soldiers.v.t. to quarter or lodge, as soldiers. [Fr. -dim. of BILL.]

BILLET, bil'et, n. a small log of wood used as fuel. [Fr. billot-bille, the young stock of a tree, prob. of Celt. orig., perh. allied to BOLE, the truak of a tree.] BILLET-DOUX, bil-e-dōō', n., a sweet note: a love-letter. [Fr. billet, a letter, doux, sweet.]

BILLIARDS, bil'yardz, n. a game played on a rectangular table, with ivory balls, which the players, by means of cues or maces, cause to strike against each other. [Fr. billard-bille, a ball.] BILLINGSGATE, bil'ingz-gāt, n. foul language like that spoken at Billingsgate (the great fish-market of London). BILLION bil'yun, n. a million of millions (1,000,000,000,000); or, according to the French method of numeration, one thousand millions (1,000,000,000). [L. bis, twice, and MILLION.]

BILLMAN, bil'man, n. a soldier armed with a bill.

BILLOW, bil'ō, n. a great wave of the sea swelled by the wind.-v.i. to roll in large waves. [Ice. bylgja; Sw. bölja, Dan. bölge, a wave-root belg, to swell. See BILGE, BULGE.]

BILLOWY, bil'ō-i, adj. swelling into billows.

BILLY, bil'li, n. 1, same as SLUBBING BILLY: 2, stolen metal of any kind (Slang): 3, a small metal bludgeon that may be carried in the pocket (Slang). BIMANA, bi'man-a, n. animals having two hands: a term applied to the highest order of mammalia, of which man is the type and only species. [L. bis, twice, and manus, the hand.] BIMANOUS, bi-man-us, adj., having two hands.

BIMENSAL

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BIMENSAL, bi-mens'al, adj. happening once in two months: bimonthly. [L. bis, and mensis, a month.] BIMETALLISM, bi-metal-izm, n. that system of coinage which recognizes coins of two metals, as silver and gold, as legal tender to any amount, or in other words, the concurrent use of coins of two metals as a circulating medium at a fixed relative value. This coinage was superseded by the bimetallic (gold and silver) coinage of Croesus, and bimetallism was the rule in Asia down to Alexander's time in the fixed ratio of one to thirteen and a half between the two metals."Academy. BIMETALLIST, bi-met'al-ist, n. one who favors bimetallism or a currency of two metals. "Among the advocates of a double currency on the Continent have been many eminent economists. Yet an Englishman might almost as well avow himself a protectionist as a bimetallist.” —Academy.

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BIN, bin, n. a place for storing corn, wine. -v.t. to put into or store in a bin; as, to bin liquor. [A.S.]

BINARY, bi'nar-i, adj. composed of two: twofold. [L. binarius—bini, two by two -bis, twice.]

BINAURAL, bi-nawr'al, adj. 1, having two ears: 2, pertaining to both ears: fitted for being simultaneously used by two ears; as, a binaural stethoscope, which has two connected tubes capped by small ear-pieces. [L. binus, double, and auris, the ear.]

BIND, bind, v.t. to tie or fasten together with a band: to sew a border on to fasten together (the leaves of a book) and put a cover on to oblige by oath or agreement or duty: to restrain: to render hard-pa.t. and pa.p. bound. [A.S. bindan; cog. with Ger. binden, Sans. bandh. Cf. BAND, BEND, and BUNDLE.]

BINDER, bind'er, n. one who binds, as books or sheaves.-SELF-BINDER, a harvesting machine which cuts, binds and throws aside the ripe grain in sheaves. BINDERY, bind'er-i, n. an establishment in which books are bound. (Amer.) BINDING, bind'ing, adj. restraining: obligatory.-n. the act of binding: anything that binds the covering of a book. BINDWEB, bind'web, n. in anat. the connective tissue uniting the gray cellular with the white fibrous matter of the brain and spinal cord: neuroglia. BINDWEED, bīnd'wēd, n. the convolvulus, a genus of plants so called from their twining or binding.

BINNACLE, bin'a-kl, n. (naut.) the box in which on shipboard the compass is kept. [Formerly bittacle-Port. bitacola-L. habitaculum, a dwelling-place-habito, to dwell.]

BINOCULAR, bin-ok'ül-ar, adj. having two eyes: suitable for two eyes. [L. bis, and oculus, eye.]

BINOMIAL, bi-nom'i-al, adj. and n. in algebra, a quantity consisting of two terms or parts. [L. bis, twice, and nomen, a name, a term.]

BIOBLAST, bî'o-blast, n. in biol. a minute mass of transparent, amorphous protoplasm having formative power. [Gr. bios, life, and blastos, a germ.] BIODYNAMIC, bi'o-di-nam'ik, adj. pertaining or relating to vital force, power, or energy. [Gr. bios, life, and dynamis, force.]

BIOGENESIS, bi-ō-jen'e-sis, n. in biol. 1, that department of science which speculates on the mode by which new species have been introduced: specifically, that view of this doctrine which holds that

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living organisms can spring only from living parents. Biogenesis is opposed to abiogenesis, and was first vigorously supported by Redi, an Italian philosopher of the seventeenth century: 2, the history of life development generally, as distinguished from ontogenesis, or the history of individual development, and from phylogenesis, or the history of genealogical development. [Gr. bios, life, and genesis, generation, from root of gignomai or ginomai, to be born.] BIOGENESIST, bi-ō-jen'e-sist,

BIOGE

NIST, bi-oj'e-nist, n. one who favors the theory of biogenesis. BIOGENY, bi-oj'e-ni, n. Same as BIOGENE SIS. Huxley.

BIOGRAPHEE, bi-og'ra-fe', n. one whose life has been written: the subject of a biography. "There is too much of the biographer in it (Foster's "Life of Dickens"), and not enough of the biographee." -Athenæum.

BIOGRAPHY, bi-og'raf-i, n., a written account or history of the life of an individual: the art of writing such accounts. -n. BIOGRAPHER, one who writes biography.-adjs. BIOGRAPH'IC, BIOGRAPH'ICAL.-adv. BIOGRAPHICALLY. [Gr. bios, life, graphō, to write.]

BIOLOGY, bi-ol'oj-i, n. the science that treats of life or of organized beings.adj. BIOLOGICAL. [Gr. bios, life, logos, a discourse.]

BIOMAGNETIC, bi'ō-mag-net'ik, adj. pertaining or relating to biomagnetism. BIOMAGNETISM, bi-o-mag'net-izm, n. Same as ANIMAL MAGNETISM. See under MAGNETISM. [Gr. bios, life, and MAGNETISM.]

BIOMETRY, bi-om'et-ri, n. the measurement of life specifically, the calculation of the probable duration of human life. [Gr. bios, life, and metron, a measure.] BIOPLASM, bi'o-plazm, n. a name suggested by Dr. Beale for the albuminoid substance constituting the living matter of the elementary part or cell in plants and animals. Called by him also GERMINAL MATTER. It appers to differ from protoplasm chiefly in being informed with life. [Gr. bios, life, and plasma, anything formed, from plassō, to form.] BIOPLASMIC, bi-o-plaz'mik, adj. consisting of or pertaining to bioplasm. • The physical basis of life seems to be structureless and apparently homogeneous bioplasmic matter."-Nicholson. BIOPLASTIC, bī-ō-plas'tik, adj. Same as BIOPLASMIC.

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BIPARTITE, bi'part-it or bi-pärt'īt, adj., divided into two like parts. [L. bis, twice, partitus, divided-partio, divide.]

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BIPED, bi'ped, n. an animal with two feet. -adj. having two feet. [L. bipes-bis, twice, ped-, foot.] BIPENNATE, bi-pen'at, BIPENNATED, bī-pen'āt-ed, adj., having two wings. [L. -bis, penna, a wing.] BIQUADRATIC, bi-kwod-rat'ik, n. a quantity twice squared, or raised to the fourth power. [L. bis, twice, and quadratus, squared.]

BIRAMOUS, bi-rā'mus, adj. possessing or
consisting of two branches: dividing into
two branches, as the limbs of cirripedes.
H. A. Nicholson. [L. prefix bi, two,
twice, and ramus, a branch.]
BIRCH, berch, v.t. to beat or punish with
a birch rod.

There I was birched, there I was bred,
There like a little Adam fed

From Learning's woeful tree.-Hood. BIRCH, berch, n. a hardy forest-tree, with smooth, white bark, and very durable wood: a rod for punishment, consisting

BISTER

of a birch twig or twigs. [A.S. birce; Ice. biörk, Sans. bhurja.] BIRCH, -EN, berch, 'en, adj. made of birch.

BIRD, berd, n. a general name for feathered animals.-v.i. to catch or snare birds. [A.S. brid, the young of a bird, a bird either from root of BREED (bredan, to breed) or of BIRTH (beran, to bear).] BIRD-BAITING, berd'-bat-ing, n. the catching of birds with clap-nots. Fielding.

BIRD-FANCIER, berd'-fan'si-er, n. one who has a fancy for rearing birds: one who keeps birds for sale.

BIRDLIMÉ, berd'lim, n. a sticky substance used for catching birds. BIRD-OF-PARADISE, berd-ov-par'a-dis, n. a kind of Eastern bird with splendid plumage.

BIRD'S-EYE, berdz'-i, adj. seen from above as if by the eye of a flying bird.n. a kind of tobacco.

BIREME, bi'rēm, n. an ancient vessel with two rows of oars. [Fr.-L. biremis-bis, twice, and remus, an oar.]

BIRK, berk, n. Scotch and prov. E. for BIRCH.

BIRTH, berth, n. a ship's station at anchor. [Same as BERTH.]

BIRTH, berth, n. the act of bearing or bringing forth the offspring born: dignity of family origin. [A.S. beorth, a birth-beran, to bear.]

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BIRTHRIGHT, berth'rīt, n. the right or privilege to which one is entitled by birth. BISCUIT, bis'kit, n. hard dry bread in small cakes: in the United States, a peculiar kind of hot tea-roll, usually fermented, and eaten warm: a kind of unglazed earthenware. [(Lit.) bread twice cooked or baked (so prepared by the Roman soldiers); Fr.-L. bis, twice; Fr. cuit, baked-L. coquo, coctum, to cook or bake.]

BISECT, bi-sekt', v.t., to cut into two equal parts. [L. bis, twice, and seco, sectum, to cut.]

BISECTION, bi-sek'shun, n. division into two equal parts.

BISEXUAL, bi-sek'shōō-al, adj., of both sexes: (bot.) applied to flowers which contain both stamens and pistils within the same envelope. [L. bis, twice, and SEXUAL.]

BISHOP, bish'op, n. one of the higher clergy who has charge of a diocese ; also, one of the pieces in the game of chess, having its upper section carved into the shape of a mitre. [A.S. bisceop -L. episcopus-Gr. episkopos, an overseer-epi, upon, skopeo, to view.] BISHOPRIC, bish'op-rik, n. the office and jurisdiction of a bishop: a diocese. [A.S. ric, dominion.] BISHOPSHIP, bish'up-ship, n. Same as

BISHOPDOM or BISHOPRIC. Milton. BISMUTH, biz'muth, n. a brittle metal of a reddish-white color used in the arts and in medicine. [Ger. bismuth, wissmuth; orig. unk.]

BISON, bi'son, n. a large wild animal like the bull, with shaggy hair and a fatty hump on its shoulders. [From L. and Gr.; but prob. of Teutonic origin.] BISQUE, bisk, n. a species of unglazed porcelain, twice passed through the fur nace. [Fr., from root of BISCUIT.] BISSEXTILE, bis-sext'il, n. leap-year.adj. pertaining to leap-year. [L. bis, twice, and sextus, sixth, so called because in every fourth or leap year the sixth day before the calends of March, or the 24th February, was reckoned twice.} BISTER, BISTRE, bis'ter, n. a brown color made from the soot of wood. [Fr.; orig. unknown.]

BISULPHATE

BISULPHATE, bī-sulfāt, n., a double sul- | phate. [L. bis, twice, and SULPHATE.] BIT, bit, n. a bite, a morsel: a small piece: the smallest degree: a small tool for boring the part of the bridle which the horse holds in his mouth.—v.t. to put the bit in the mouth :-pr.p. bitt'ing; pa.p. bitt'ed. [From BITE.]

- BITCH, bich, n. the female of the dog, wolf, and fox. [A.S. bicce, Ice. bikkia.] BITE, bīt, v.t. to seize or tear with the teeth: to sting or pain: to wound by reproach:-pa.t. bit; pa.p. bit or bitt'en.

n. a grasp by the teeth: something bitten off: a mouthful.-n. BITING.adj. BITING. [A.S. bitan; Goth. beitan, Ice. bita, Ger. beissen; akin to L. fid-, Sans. bhid, to cleave.] BITHEISM, bī'thē-izm, n. a belief in the existence of two Gods. [L. prefix bi, two, twice, and THEISM.] BITTER, bit'er, v.t. to make bitter: to give a bitter taste to. "Would not horse-aloes bitter it (beer) as well?"Dr. Wolcot.

BITTER, bit'er, adj., biting or acrid to the taste: sharp: painful.—n. any substance having a bitter taste.-adj. BITT'ERISH.-adv. BITT'ERLY.-n. BITTERNESS. [A.S.-bitan, to bite.]

BITTERN, bit'ern, n. a bird of the heron

family, said to have been named from the resemblance of its voice to the lowing of a bull. [M.E. bittour-Fr.-Low L. butorius (bos, taurus).] BITTERS, bit'erz, n. a liquid prepared

from bitter herbs or roots, and used as a stomachic.

BITUMEN, bi-tu'men, n. a name applied

to various inflammable mineral substances, as naphtha, petroleum, asphaltum.-adj. BITUMINOUS. [L.] BIVALVE, bi'valv, n. an animal having a shell in two valves or parts, like the oyster a seed-vessel of like kind.-adj. having two valves.-adj. BIVALV'ULAR. [L. bis, twice, valva, a valve.] BIVOUAC, biv'oo-ak, n. the lying out all

night of soldiers in the open air.-v.i. to pass the night in the open air :-pr.p. biv'ouacking; pa.p. bivouacked. [Fr. -Ger. beiwachen, to watch beside bei, by, wachen, to watch.]

BI-WEEKLY, bi'wek'li, adj. properly, occurring once in two weeks, but in Eng. twice in every week. [L. bis, twice, and WEEK.]

BIZARRE, bi-zär', adj. odd: fantastic: extravagant. [Fr.-Sp. bizarro, highspirited.]

BLAB, blab, v.i. to talk much to tell tales.-v.t. to tell what ought to be kept secret-pr.p. blabb'ing; pa.p. blabbed. [An imitative word, found in Dan. blabbre, Ger. plappern.]

BLACK, blak, adj. of the darkest color; without color: obscure: dismal: sullen: horrible.-n. black color: absence of color: a negro mourning. - v.t. to make black: to soil or stain. adj. BLACK'ISH.-n. BLACK'NESS. [A.S. blac, blac, black.]

BLACKAMOOR, blak'a-mōōr, n., a black Moor: a negro. BLACK-ART, blak'-ärt, n, necromancy: magic. [Acc. to Trench, a translation of Low L. nigromantia, substituted erroneously for the Gr. necromanteia (see NECROMANCY), as if the first syllable had been L. niger, black.] BLACK-BACK, blak'-bak, n. the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus). Kingsley.

BLACKBALL, blak'bawl, v.t. to reject in voting by putting a black ball into a ballet-box. [the bramble. BLACKBERRY, blak′ber-i, n. the berry of

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BLACKBIRD, blak'berd, n. a species of thrush of a black color. BLACKBOARD, blak'bōrd, n. a board painted black, used in schools for writing, forming figures, etc. BLACK-CATTLE, blak'-kat'l, n. oxen, bulls, and cows.

BLACKCOCK, blak'kok, n. a species of grouse, common in the north of England and in Scotland. BLACK-CURRANT, blak'-kur'ant, n. a garden shrub with black fruit used in making preserves.

BLACK-DEATH, blak'-deth, n. a name given to the plague of the fourteenth century from the black spots which appeared on the skin. BLACKEN, blak'n, v.t. to make black: to defame.

BLACK-FLAG, blak'-flag, n. the flag of a pirate, from its color.

BLACKFRIAR, blak'frī-ar, n. a friar of the Dominican order, so called from his black garments.

BLACKGUARD, blag'ärd, n. (orig. applied to the lowest menials about a court, who took charge of the pots, kettles, etc.) a low, ill-conducted fellow. -adj. low: scurrilous.-n. BLACK'GUARDISM.

BLACK-HEART, blak'-hürt, n. a species of cherry of many varieties, so called from the fruit being heart-shaped and having a skin nearly black.

The unnetted black-hearts ripen dark,

All thine, against the garden wall.- Tennyson.

BLACKING, blak'ing, n. a substance used

for blacking leather, etc. BLACKLEAD, blak-led', n. a black mineral used in making pencils, blacking grates, etc.

BLACKLEG, blak'leg, n. a low gambling

fellow.

BLACK-LETTER, blak'-let'er, n. the old English (also called Gothic) letter (Black-letter)

BLACKMAIL, blak'mal, n. rent or tribute formerly paid to robbers for protection. [BLACK and A.S. mal, tribute, toll.] BLACK-ROD, blak'-rod, n. the usher of the order of the Garter and of parliament, so called from the black rod which he carries. BLACKSMITH, blak'smith, n. a smith who works in iron, as opposed to one who works in tin. BLACKTHORN, blak'thorn, n. a species of dark-colored thorn: the sloe. BLADDER, blad'er, n. a thin bag distended with liquid or air: the receptacle for the urine. [A.S. blædr-blawan; O. Ger. blahan, blajan, to blow; Ger. blase, bladder-blasen, to blow; cf. L. flat-us, breath.]

BLADE, blad, n. the leaf or flat part of grass or corn: the cutting part of a knife, sword, etc. the flat part of an oar a dashing fellow. [A.S. blæd; Ice. blad, Ger. blatt.] BLADED, blād'eď, adj. furnished with a

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BLANC, blank, adj., white. [A form of BLANK.]

BLANCH, blansh, v.t. to whiten.-v.i. to grow white. [Fr. blanchir-blanc, white. See BLANK.]

BLANC-MANGE, bla-mawngzh',

n.

a

white jelly prepared with milk. [Fr. blanc, white, manger, food.] BLAND, bland, adj., smooth: gentle : mild.-adv. BLAND'LY.-n. BLAND'NESS. [L. blandus, perh.―mla(n)dus― E. mild.] BLANDISHMENT, bland'ish-ment, n. act of expressing fondness flattery: winning expressions or actions. [Fr. blandissement, O. Fr. blandir, to flatter-L. blandus, mild.]

BLANK, blank, v.t. to make pale, and so confound.

BLANK, blangk, adj. without writing or marks, as in white paper: empty : vacant, confused in poetry, not having rhyme.

n. a paper without writing: a ticket having no mark, and therefore valueless : an empty space.-adv. BLANK'LY.-n. BLANK'NESS. [Fr. blanc, from root of Ger. blinken, to glitter-0. H. Ger. blichen, Gr. phlegein, to shine.] BLANK-CARTRIDGE, blangk'-kär'trij, n. a cartridge without a bullet. BLANKET, blangk'et, n. a white woollen covering for beds: a covering for horses, etc. [Fr. blanchet, dim. of blanc, from its usual white color.]

BLANKETING, blangk'et-ing, n. cloth for blankets: the punishment of being tossed in a blanket.

BLANK-VERSE, blangk'-vers, n. verse without rhyme, especially the heroic verse of five feet.

BLARE, blar, v.i. to roar. to sound loudly, as a trumpet.-n. roar, noise. [M.E. blaren, orig. blasen, from A.S. blæsan, to blow. See BLAST.]

BLASPHEME, blas-fem', v.t. and v.i. to speak impiously of, as of God: to curse and swear.-n. BLASPHEM'ER. [Gr. blasphemeō-blapto, to hurt, phemi, to speak. See BLAME.]

BLASPHEMOUS, blas'fem-us, adj. containing blasphemy: impious.-adv. BLAS'

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BLAST, blast, n., a blowing or gust of wind: a forcible stream of air: sound of a wind instrument: an explosion of gunpowder anything pernicious.-v.t. to strike with some pernicious influence, to blight to affect with sudden violence or calamity to rend asunder with gunpowder. [A.S. blæst-blæsan, to blow; Ger. blasen.]

BLAST-FURNACE, blast'-fur'nās, n. a smelting furnace into which hot air is blown.

BLASTIDE, blas'tīd, n. in biol. a minute clear space on the segments of the fecundated ovum of an organism, which is the primary indication of the cytoblast or nucleus. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and eidos, resemblance.]

BLASTING, blasting, n. the separating of masses of stone by means of an explosive substance.

BLASTOGENESIS, blas-to-jen'e-sis, n. in biol. reproduction by gemmation or budding. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and genesis, generation.] BLASTOMERE, blas'tō-mēr, n. in biol. a portion of fecundated protoplasm which divides from other parts of the ovum after impregnation, and may remain united as a single cell-aggregate, or some or all of which may become separate

BLASTOSPHERE

organisms. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and meros, a portion.] BLASTOSPHERE, blas'tō-sfēr, n. in biol. the hollow globe or sphere originating from the formation of blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and SPHERE.] BLASTOSTYLE, blas'to-stil, n. a term applied by Prof. Allman to certain columnshaped zooids in the Hydrozoa which are destined to produce generative buds. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and stylos, a column.] BLATANT, blāt'ant, adj., bleating or bellowing: noisy. [A.S. blætan, to bleat.] BLAZE, blaz, n. a rush of light or of flame: a bursting out or active display. -v.i. to burn with a flame: to throw out light. [A.S. blæse, a torch, from root of BLOW.]

BLAZE, blāz, BLAZON, bla'zn, v.t. to proclaim, to spread abroad.-TO BLAZE A TREE, to make a white mark by cutting off a piece of the bark. [Same as BLARE: BLAZON is the M. E. blasen, with the n retained.]

BLAZON, blā'zn, v.t. to make public: to display to draw or to explain in proper terms, the figures, etc., in armorial bearings.- n. the science or rules of coats of arms. [Fr. blason, a coat of arms, from root of BLAZE.]

BLAZONRY, bla'zn-ri, n. the art of drawing or of deciphering coats of arms: heraldry.

BLEACH, blech, v.t. to make pale or white to whiten, as textile fabrics.-v.i. to grow white. [A.S. blacian, to grow pale, from root of BLEAK.] BLEACHER, blech'er, n. one who bleaches, or that which bleaches. BLEACHERY, blēch'er-i, n. a place for bleaching.

BLEACHING, blech'ing, n. the process of whitening or decolorizing cloth. BLEAK, blek, adj. colorless: dull and cheerless: cold, unsheltered. — adv. BLEAK'LY.-M. BLEAKNESS. [A.S. blac, blác, pale, shining; a different word from blac (without accent), black. The root is blican, to shine.]

BLEAK, blēk, n. a small white river-fish. BLEAR, bler, adj. (as in BLEAR-EYED, blĕr'id) sore or inflamed: dim or blurred with inflammation. [Low Ger. bleer-oged, blear-eyed."] -n. the

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BLEAT, blet, v.i. to cry as a sheep.cry of a sheep. [A.Š. blætan; L. balare, Gr. bleche, a bleating; root bla-; formed from the sound.]

BLEATING, blet'íng, n. the cry of a sheep. BLEED, blēd, v.i. to lose blood: to die by slaughter: to issue forth or drop as blood.-v.t. to draw blood from :-pa.t. and pa.p. bled. [A.S. bledan. See BLOOD.] BLEEDING, bled'ing, n. a discharge of blood: the operation of letting blood. BLEMISH, blem'ish, n. a stain or defect: reproach.-v.t. to mark with any deformity to tarnish: to defame. [Fr. blême, pale, O. Fr. blesmir, to stain-Ice. blaman, livid color-blár, BLUE.] BLENCH, blensh, v.i. to shrink or start back to flinch. [From root of BLINK.] BLEND, blend, v.t., to mix together: to confound.-v.i. to be mingled or mixed: -pa.p. blend'ed and blent..-n. BLEND, a mixture. [A.S. blandan.] BLEPHARIS, blef'ar-is, n. a genus of fishes allied to the mackerel and the dory, and including the hair-finned dory (B. crinitus), a fish found on the Atlantic shores of North America. [Gr. blepharis, an eyelash, referring to the long filaments proceeding from the fins.] BLESS, bles, v.t. to invoke a blessing upon: to make joyous, happy, or prosperous to wish happiness to: to praise

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or glorify-pa.p. blessed' or blest. [A.S. blessian, bletsian, to bless; from blithsian or blissian, to be blithe-blithe, happy; or from blotan, to kill for sacrifice, to consecrate.]

BLESSED, bles'ed, adj. happy: prosperous happy in heaven. -adv. BLESS' EDLY.-n. BLESS'EDNESS.

BLESSING, bles'ing, n. a wish or prayer for happiness or success: any means or cause of happiness.

BLEST, blest, pa.p. of BLESS. BLEW, blōō, pa.t. of BLOW. BLIGHT, blīt, n. a disease in plants, which blasts or withers them; anything that injures or destroys.-v.t. to affect with blight to blast to frustrate. [Perh. from A.S. blæc, pale, livid.] BLIND, blind, adj. without sight: dark: ignorant or undiscerning: without an opening.-n. something to mislead: a window-screen: a shade.-v.t. to make blind to darken, obscure, or deceive: to dazzle.-adv. BLIND'LY.-n. BLIND'NESS. [A.S. blind; Ice. blindr.] BLINDFOLD, blind'fold, adj. having the eyes bandaged, so as not to see: thoughtless: reckless.-v.t. to cover the eyes: to mislead. [M. E. blindfellen, from A.S. fyllan, fellan, to fell or strike down

struck blind;" not conn. with fold.] BLINDWORM, blind'wurm, n. a small reptile, like a snake, having eyes so small as to be supposed blind.

:

BLINK, blingk, v.i. to glance, twinkle, or wink to see obscurely, or with the eyes half closed.-v.t. to shut out of sig.. to avoid or evade.-n. a glimpse, glance, or wink. [A.S. blican, to glitter; Dut. blinken.

BLINKARD, blingkʼard, n. one who blinks or has bad eyes.

BLINKERS, blingk'erz, n. pieces of leather on a horse's bridle which prevent him seeing on the side.

BLISS, blis, n. the highest happiness. [A. S. blis-blithsian, blissian, to rejoiceblithe, joyful.]

BLISSFUL, blis'fool, adj. happy in the highest degree.-adv. BLISS'FULLY.-n. BLISS' FULNESS.

BLISTER, blis'ter, n. a thin bubble or bladder on the skin, containing watery matter: a pustule: a plaster applied to raise a blister.-v.t. to raise a blister. [Dim. of BLAST.]

BLISTERY, blis'ter-i, adj. full of blisters. BLITHE, blith, adj. happy: gay: sprightly. -adv. BLITHE LY.-n. BLITHE'NESS. [A. S. blithe, joyful. See BLISS.] BLITHESOME, blith'sum, adj. joyous.adv. BLITHE'SOMELY.-n. BLITHE'SOME

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BLOCK, blok, n. an unshaped mass of wood or stone, etc. : the wood on which criminals are beheaded: (mech.) a pulley together with its framework: a piece of wood on which something is formed: a connected group of houses: an obstruction a blockhead.-v.t. to inclose or shut up: to obstruct: to shape. [Widely spread, but acc. to Skeat, of Celt. orig., Gael. ploc, O. Ir. blog, a fragment. See

PLUG.

BLOCKADE, blok-ād', n. the blocking up of a place by surrounding it with troops or by ships.v.t. to block up by troops or ships. BLOCKHEAD, blok'hed, n. one with a head like a block, a stupid fellow.

BLOW

BLOCKHOUSE, blok'hows, n. a small tem porary fort generally made of logs. BLOCKISH, blok'ish, adj. like a block: stupid dull.

BLOCK-TIN, blok'-tin, n. tin in the form of blocks or ingots.

BLONDE, blond, n. a person of fair complexion with light hair and blue eyes:opp. to BRUNETTE.-adj. of a fair com plexion: fair. [Fr.]

BLOND-LACE, blond'-las, n. lace made of silk, so called from its color. BLONDNESS, blond'nes, n. the state of being blond: fairness. "With this infantine blondness showing so much ready self-possessed grace."-George Eliot. BLOOD, blud, n. the red fluid in the arteries and veins of men and animals: kindred, descent: temperament: bloodshed or murder: the juice of anything, esp. if red.-IN HOT OR COLD BLOOD, under, or free from, excitement or sudden passion. -HALF-BLOOD, relationship through one parent only. [A.S. blod-root blowan, to bloom; cog. with O. Fris. blod, Ger. blut.]

BLOODHEAT, blud'hēt, n. heat of the same degree as that of the human blood (about 98° Fahr.)

BLOODHORSE, blud'hors, n. a horse of the purest and most highly prized blood, origin, or stock; called also blooded horse. (Amer.) BLOODGUILTLESS,

blud'gilt-les, adj. free from the guilt or crime of shedding blood, or murder. Walpole. BLOODHOUND, blud'hownd, n. a large hound formerly employed in tracking human beings: a blood-thirsty person. BLOODSHED, blud'shed, n. the shedding of blood: slaughter.

BLOODSHOT, blud'shot, adj. (of the eye) red or inflamed with blood. BLOODY, blud'i, adj. stained with blood: murderous, cruel. BLOODY-FLUX, blud'i-fluks, n. dysentery, in which the discharges from the bowels are mixed with blood. BLOODY-SWEAT, blud'i-swet, n. a sweat accompanied with the discharge of blood. BLOOM, blōōm, v.i. to put forth blossoms: to flower: to be in a state of beauty or vigor to flourish.-n. a blossom or flower: the opening of flowers: rosy color: the prime or highest perfection of anything. p.adj. BLOOM'ING. [Ice. blóm, Goth. bloma, from root of A.S. blowan, to bloom, akin to L. flo-reo, to flower.] BLOOM, blōōm, v.t. to produce in full bloom or beauty.

BLOOMY, blōōm-i, adj. flowery: flourishing.

BLOSSOM, blos'om, n. a flower-bud, the flower that precedes fruit.-v.i. to put forth blossoms or flowers: to flourish and prosper. [A.S. blóstma, from root of BLOOM.]

BLOT, blot, n. a spot or stain: an obliteration, as of something written: a stain in reputation.-v.t. to spot or stain: to obliterate or destroy: to disgrace-pr.p. blott'ing; pa.p. blott'ed. [Scand., as in Dan. plet, Ice. blettr, a spot. Cf. Ger. platsch, a splash, and Ice. blautr, moist; L. fluid-us.]

BLOTCH, bloch, n. a dark spot on the skin : a pustule. adj. BLOTCHED. [Acc. to Skeat, blotch-blatch, from black, as bleach from bleak.] BLOTTING-PAPER, blot'ing-pa'per, unsized paper, used for absorbing ink. BLOUSE, blowz, n. a loose outer garment. [Fr.]

n.

BLOUSED, blowzed, p. and adj. wearing a

blouse. "A bloused and bearded Frenchman or two."-Kingsley. BLOW, blō, n. a stroke or knock: a sud

BLOW

den misfortune or calamity. [A.S. bleovan is doubtful; found in Dut. blouwen, to dress (beat) flax, Ger. bläuen, to beat hard, and L. flig- in INFLICT, FLAGELLATION. Derivative BLUE.]

BLOW, blō, v.i. to bloom or blossom :— pr.p. blow'ing; pa.p. blōwn. [A.S. blowan, Ger. blühen. See BLOOM, BLOS

SOM.

BLOW, blō, v.i. to produce a current of

:

air to move, as air or the wind.-v.t. to drive air upon or into: to drive by a current of air: to sound as a wind instrument:-pa.t. blew (blōō); pa.p. blōwn.BLOW UPON, to taint, to make stale. [A.S. blawan; Ger. blähen, blasen; L. flare.]

BLOWPIPE, blō'pīp, n. a pipe through which a current of air is blown on a flame, to increase its heat. BLOWN, blōn, p.adj. out of breath, tired: swelled stale, worthless. BLOWZE, blowz, n. a ruddy, fat-faced woman. a.-adjs. BLOWZED', BLOWZ'Y, ruddy, or flushed with exercise. [From root of BLUSH.]

BLUBBER, blub'er, n. the fat of whales and other sea animals.-v.i. to weep in a noisy manner. [BLUBBER, BLABBER, etc., are extensions of bleb, blob; they contain the root idea of "puffed-up," and are formed in imitation of the sound of the bubbling or foaming of a liquid.] BLUDGEON, blud'jun, n. a short stick with a heavy end to strike with. [From root of BLOCK.]

BLUE, blōō, n. the color of the sky when unclouded: one of the seven primary colors.-adj. of the color blue.-n. BLUENESS. [Found in Ice. blar, cog. with Ger. blau; originally meaning livid, the color caused by a BLOW.]

BLUEBELL, blōō'bel, n. a plant that bears blue bell-shaped flowers. BLUEBOOK, blōō'book, n. a book containing some official statement, so called from its blue cover.

BLUE-BOTTLE, blōō'-bot'l, n. a plant

with blue bottle-shaped flowers that grows among corn: a large blue fly. BLUE-JACKET, blōō'-jak'et, n. a seaman, as distinguished from a marine. BLUE-STOCKING, blōō'-stok'ing, n. a literary lady: applied in Dr. Johnson's time to meetings held by ladies for conversation with certain literary men, one of whom always wore blue stockings. BLUFF, bluf, adj. blustering: outspoken: steep.-n. BLUFF NESS. [Prob. Dut.] BLUFF, bluf, n. a high steep bank overlooking the sea or a river. BLUISH, blōō'ish, adj. slightly blue.-n. BLU'ISHNESS.

BLUNDER, blun'der, v.i. to make a gross mistake, to flounder about.-n. a gross mistake. [From root of BLUNT.] BLUNDERBUSS, blun'der-bus, n. a short hand-gun, with a wide bore. [Corr. of Dut. donderbus-donder, thunder, bus, a box, barrel of a gun, a gun ; Ger. donnerbüchse.]

BLUNT, blunt, adj. having a dull edge or point rough, outspoken, dull.-v.t. to dull the edge or point: to weaken.-adj. BLUNT'ISH.-adv. BLUNTLY.-n. BLUNT'NESS. [Orig. sleepy, dull; Dan. blunde, to slumber, akin to BLIND.] BLUR, blur, n. a blot, stain, or spot.-v.t. to blot, stain, obscure, or blemish :pr.p. blurring; pa.p. blurred'. [A variety of BLEAR.]

BLURT, blurt, v.t. to utter suddenly or unadvisedly. [From BLARE.] BLUSH, blush, n. a red glow on the face | caused by shame, modesty, etc. reddish color: sudden appearance.-v.i. to show shame or confusion by growing

any

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red in the face: to grow red. [A.S. blyse, a blaze. See BLAZE, BLOWZE.] BLUSTER, blus'ter, v.i. to make a noise like a blast of wind: to bully or swagger.

n. a blast or roaring as of the wind: bullying or boasting language. [An augmentative of BLAST.] BLUSTERY, blus'ter-i, adj. blustering: blusterous raging: noisy. "A hollow, blustery, pusillanimous, and unsound one (character)."-Carlyle.

BO, bō, int. a word used to frighten children.

BOA, bō'a, n. a genus of serpents, which includes the largest species of serpents, the BOA-CONSTRICTOR: a long serpentlike piece of fur worn round the neck by ladies. [Perh. conn. with L. bos, an ox.] BOAR, bōr, n. the male of swine. [A.S. bar.1

BOARD, bōrd, n. a broad and thin strip of timber: a table to put food on food: a table round which persons meet for some kind of business: any council or authorized body of men, as a school board: the deck of a ship.-ON BOARD, in U. S., same as ABOARD.-v.t. to cover with boards to supply with food at fixed terms to enter a ship: to attack.-v.i. to receive food or take meals. [A.S. bord, a board, the side of a ship; Ice. bord, the side of a ship; found also in Celt.; conn. either with BEAR or with BROAD.]

BOARDER, bōrd'er, n. one who receives board (food): one who boards a ship. BOARDING, bord'ing, n. the act of covering with boards: the covering itself: act of boarding a ship.

BOARDING-SCHOOL, bōrd'ing-skōōl, n. a school in which board is given as well as instruction.

BOARD-WAGES, bōrd'-wāj'ez, n. wages allowed to servants to keep themselves in food.

BOAST, bōst, v.i. to talk vaingloriously: to brag.-v.t. to brag of: speak proudly or confidently of: to magnify or exalt one's self.-n. an expression of pride a brag: the cause of boasting. [M.E. bost-W. bost, Gael. bosd, a bragging.] BOASTFUL, bost'fool, adj. given to brag. -adv. BOAST FULLY.-n. BOASTFULNESS. BOASTING, bost'ing, n. ostentatious display: vaunting.

BOAŤ, bōt, n. small open vessel usually moved by oars: a small ship.-v.i. to go in a boat. [A.S. bat; Dut. boot; Fr. bat-eau; Gael. bata.]

BOATABLE, bōt'a-bl, adj. capable of being navigated with boats. (Amer.) BOATHOOK, bōt'hook, n. an iron hook fixed to a pole used for pulling or pushing off a boat.

BOATING, bōt'ing, n. the art or practice of sailing in boats.

BOATMAN, bōt'man, n. a man who has charge of a boat: a rower. BOATSWAIN, bōt'swan(colloquially bo'sn), n. a petty officer on board ship who looks after the boats, rigging, etc., and calls the seamen to duty. [(Lit.) a boat's swain or servant. From A.S. bâtswán-bát, a boat, swán, a lad.]

BOB, bob, v.i. to move quickly up and down, to dangle: to fish with a bob.v.t. to move in a short jerking manner: -pr.p. bobb'ing; pa.p. bobbed'.-n. a short jerking motion: a slight blow: anything that moves with a bob or swing a pendant. [Perhaps imitative, like Gael. bog, to agitate, babag, baban, a tassel.]

BOBBIN, bob'in, n. a small piece of wood on which thread is wound. [Fr. bobine, perhaps from Gael. baban, a tassel.] BOBBINET, bob-in-et' or bob'in-et, n. a

BOIL

kind of fine netted lace made by ma chines. BOBOLINK, bob'ō-lingk, n. a North American singing bird, found in the northern states in spring and summer. [At first Bob Lincoln, from the note of the bird.] BOB-SLED, bob'-sled, n. a sled for the transportation of large timber from the forest to a river or public road: also a farmer's road sled. (Amer.)

BOBWIG, bob'wig, n. a short wig. BOCK-BEER, BOCK-BIER, bok'běr, n. a double strong variety of lager-beer, darker in color than the ordinary kinds, less bitter in taste, and considerably more intoxicating. [Gr. bock-bier, buck or goat beer, so called, it is said, from making its consumers prance and tumble about like a buck or a goat.] BOCKING, bok'ing, n. a kind of baize or woollen cloth, used to cover a floor or to protect carpets. (Amer.)

BODE, bōd, v.t. to portend or prophesy.v.i. to be an omen: to foreshow. [A.S. bodian, to announce-bod, a message; allied to BID.] [called in Canada. BODETTE, bō-det', n. a cot bedstead, so BODICE, bod'is, n. a woman's stays, formerly called bodies, from fitting close to the body.

BODIED, bod'id, adj. having a body. BODILESS, bod'i-les, adj. without a body: incorporeal.

BODILY, bod'i-ly, adj. relating to the body, esp. as opposed to the mind. BODKIN, bod'kin, n., a small dagger: a small instrument for pricking holes or for dressing the hair: a large blunt needle. [Prob. W. bidog.]

BODY, bod'i, n. the whole frame of a man or lower animal: the main part of an animal, as distinguished from the limbs: the main part of anything: matter, as opposed to spirit: a mass a person: a number of persons united by some common tie.-v.t. to give form to: to embody-pr.p. bod'ying; pa.p. bod′ied. [A.S. bodig.]

BODYGUARD, bod'i-gärd, n. a guard to protect the person, esp. of the sovereign. BODY-POLITIC, bod'i-pol'it-ik, n. the collective body of the people in its political capacity.

BOOTIAN, be-o'shyan, adj. pertaining to Boeotia in Greece, noted for the dullness of its inhabitants: hence, stupid, dull. BOG, bog, n. soft ground: a marsh or quagmire. adj. BOGG'Y. [Ir. bogach; Gael. bog.]

BOGGLE, bog'l, v.i. to stop or hesitate, as if at a bogle: to make difficulties about a thing; also to embarrass. (Amer.) BOGLE, bōg'l, n. a spectre or goblin. [Scot. bogle, a ghost; W. bwg, a goblin. See BUG.]

BOGMOSS, bog'mos, n. a genus of moss plants.

BOGUS, bo'gus, adj. counterfeit, spurious. [An Amer. cant word, of very doubtful origin.]

BOHEA, bo-he', n. the lowest quality of black tea. [Chinese.]

BOHEMIAN, bo-he'mi-an, n. and adj. applied to persons of loose and irregular habits.-n. BOHEMIANISM. [Fr. bohé mien, a gipsy, from the belief that these wanderers came from Bohemia.]

BOIL, boil, v.i., to bubble up from the action of heat to be hot: to be excited or agitated.-v.t. to heat to a boiling state: to cook or dress by boiling.--BOILINGPOINT, the temperature at which liquids begin to boil under heat. [O. Fr. boilir -L. bullire-bulla, a bubble.] BOIL, boil, n. an inflamed swelling or tumor. [A.S. byl; Ger. beule; Ice. bola, from the root of BULGE.]

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