THIN like cups.-v.i. to cheat by such means. -N. THIM'BLE-RIG'GER. [From colloquial use of RIG, in the sense of a trick, a wanton trick.] THIN, thin, adj. having little thickness: slim lean freely mobile: small fine: not close or crowded not full or well grown.-adv. not thickly or closely: in a scattered state.-v.t. to make thin: to make less close or crowded: to make rare or less thick or dense :-pr.p. thinn'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. thinned. - adv. THIN'LY.- -n. THIN'NESS. [Lit. "extended' or "stretched out," A.S. thyn; cog. with Ice. thunn-r, Ger. dünn; L. tenuis, Celt. tanas, Sans. tanus, from the root tan, stretch. See TEND and THUNDER.] THINE, thin, pron. (possessive form of THOU), belonging to thee: thy. [A.S. thin; Ger. dein.] THING, thing, n. an inanimate object: an event a part. [A.S.; Ice. thing, Ger. ding; the root idea being "a lawsuit," hence "a cause," "an affair;" cf. the connection of Ger. sache and E. SAKE; and of Fr. chose and L. causa.] THINK, thingk, v.i. to exercise the mind: to revolve ideas in the mind: to judge: to form or hold as an opinion to consider to purpose or design.-v.t. to im agine: to judge: to believe or consider: -pa.t. and pa.p. thought.-N. THINK'ER. [A.S. thencan, thynean; cog. with Ger. denken, from root of THANK.] THINNISH, thin'ish, adj. somewhat thin. THIRD, therd, adj. the last of three.-n. one of three equal parts. [A.S. thridda. See THREE.] THIRDLY, therd'li, adv. in the third place. THIRST, therst, n. the uneasiness caused by want of drink: vehement desire for drink eager desire for anything.-v.i. to feel thirst: to desire vehemently. [A.S. thurst, thyrst; cog. with Ger. durst, from a Teut. root sig. "dry;" conn. also with Gr. ters-omai, L. torr-eo, to dry, Sans. trish, to thirst.] THIRSTY, therst'i, adj. suffering from thirst: dry: parched: vehemently desiring.-adv. THIRST'ILY.-N. THIRST'I INESS. [A.S. thurstig.] THIRTEEN, ther'tēn, adj. and n., three and ten.-THE ORIGINAL THIRTEEN, the thirteen States of the Union which adopted the Constitution: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. THIRTEENTH, ther'tenth, adj. and n. the last of thirteen. [A.S. threoteotha—threo, three, and teotha, tenth.] THIRTIETH, ther'ti-eth, adj. the last of thirty. n. a thirtieth part. [A. S. thritigotha.] THIRTY, ther'ti, adj. and n., three times ten. [A.S. thritig-threo, three, and tig, ten.] THIS, this, demons. pron. or adj. denoting a person or thing near, just mentioned, or about to be mentioned: (B.) the last past:-pl. THESE. [A.S. this, the neut. of the adj. pron. thes (m.), theos (f.), this (n.); Ice. thessi, Ger. dieser.] THISTLE, this'l, n. a genus of prickly plants. [A.S. thistel; Ger. distel.j THISTLY, this'li, adj. overgrown with thistles. THITHER, thith'er, adv. to that place to that end or result. [A.S. thider; from the stem of THE.] THITHERWARD, thith'er-ward, adv. toward that place. [A.S. thider-weard.] THOLE, thōl, n. a pin inserted into the gunwale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing; they are arranged in pairs, the space between forming one 444 kind of rowlock: the pin or handle of a scythe - snath. [A.S. thol, a thole or thole-pin; Ice. thollr, a thole-pin, a wooden peg; Low Ger. dolle, Dut. dol. Prob. conn. with thill rather than with the verb thole.] THOLE, thōl, n. in arch. (a) same as Tholus; (b) the scutcheon or knot at the centre of a timber-vault; (c) a place in temples where votive offerings were suspended. E. H. Knight. [Gr. tholos, a dome.] THOLE, thōl, v.t. to bear to endure : to undergo. Burns.-pr.p. tholing; pa.t. and pa.p. tholed. [Old English and Scotch. A.S. tholian, to bear, endure, suffer; Goth. thulan, O. Fris. tholia, Ice. thola, O. High Ger. doljan, dolên, dultan, Ger. dulden, and dial. Ger. dolen, to bear, to endure, to tolerate. From an Indo-European root tal, Sans. tul, to bear, seen also in L. tollo, to raise (whence extol), tolerare, to tolerate; Gr. talaō, to bear, tolma, bravery, talanton, a balance, L. talentum, E. TALENT.] THOLE, thōl, v.i. to wait. [Old English and Scotch.] THOLOBATE, thol'o-bat, n. in arch. the substructure on which a dome rests. [Gr. tholos, a coved roof, and basis, basis.] THOLUS, thō'lus, n. in anc. arch. a name given to any round building which terminated at the top in a point: a dome or cupola: specifically, at Athens, the round chamber, or Rotunda, in which the Prytanes dined. "The Thirty Tyrants on one occasion summoned him, together with four others, to the Tholus, the place in which the Prytanes took their meals." -G. H. Lewes. THOMEAN, THOMEAN, to-mē'an, n. one belonging to a church of early Christians, said to have been founded, on the Malabar coast of India, by St. Thomas. THOMAISM, tom'a-izm, THOMISM, tom'izm, n. the doctrines of St. Thomas Aquinas with respect to predestination and grace, and especially the immaculate conception of the Virgin. THOMSONIAN, tom-so'ni-an, adj. applied to a system of botanical medicine, one of whose doctrines is, that as all minerals are from the earth their tendency is to carry men into their graves, whereas the tendency of herbs, from their growing upward, is to keep men from their graves. [After its founder, Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Massachusetts.] THONG, thong, n. a piece or strap of leather to fasten anything. [A.S. thwang, thwong, from the same root as Ger. zwang, constraining power-zwingen, to constrain; cf. the connection of band, bind, and bond.] THORACIC, tho-ras'ik, adj. pertaining to the thorax or breast. THORAX, thō'raks, n. the part of the body between the neck and belly: the chest. [Lit. "a breastplate," L.-Gr.] THORN, thorn, n. a sharp, woody spine on the stem of a plant: a spine: a plant having spines or thorns: anything prickly or troublesome. [A.S.; Ice. thorn, Ger. dorn; Slav. tarn.] THORN-BACK, thorn'-bak, n. a species of ray or skate (Raia clavata) common on the British and Irish coasts, distinguished by the short and strong recurved spines which are scattered over the back and tail, whence its name; it grows to about 2 feet long, is very voracious, feeding on small flounders, herrings, sand- eels, crabs, lobsters, etc.; great quantities are taken every year, and the flesh is considered to be excellent food; the female is in Scotland called the maiden-skate: a large species of spider-crab, the Maia THORP squinado, found in British seas and in the Mediterranean, and so named from the spines with which its carapace is roughened; this species is sometimes figured on ancient coins. THORNTAIL, thorn'tāl, n. a beautiful little bird of Peru and Colombia, belonging to the family Trochilidæ (humming-birds). THORNY, thorn'i, adj. full of thorns : prickly troublesome: harassing. [A.S. thorniht.] THOROUGH, thur'o, adj. passing through or to the end: complete: entire.-(obs.) prep. through.—adv. THOR'OUGHLY.—n. THOR'OUGHNESS. [A.S. thurh, from a root tar, "to go beyond," seen in L. trans. THOROUGH-BASS, thur'ō-bās, n. (music) The longer form of THROUGH.] a bass part all through a piece, with figures placed over the notes to indicate the harmony to be played to each. THOROUGHBRED, thur'õ-bred, adj., thoroughly or completely bred: bred from a dam and sire of the best blood, as a horse, and having the qualities supposed to depend thereon. THOROUGHFARE, thur'ō-far, n. a fare or passage for going through: a public way or street: right of passing through. [See FARE.] THOROUGH-GOING, thur'd-gō'ing, adj., going through or to the end: going all lengths: complete. THOROUGH-PACED, thur'ō- past, adj., thoroughly or perfectly paced or trained: complete. THOROUGH-PIN, thur'ō-pin, n. a disease in horses which consists of enlarged mucous capsules growing on each side of the hocks, giving somewhat the appearance as if a pin were thrust through. THOROUGH-SPED, thur'ō-sped, adj. fully accomplished: thorough-paced. 'Our thorough - sped republic of Whigs."Swift. THOROUGH-STITCH, thur'ō-stich, adv. fully: completely: going the whole length of any business. "Perseverance alone can carry us thorough-stitch."-Sir R. L'Estrange. "Many believe the bold Chief Justice Jeffreys, . . . who went thoroughstitch in that tribunal, stands fair for that office."-Evelyn. THOROUGH-WORT, thur'ō-wurt, n. the popular name of a composite plant, the Eupatorium perfoliatum, a native of North America, valued for its medicinal uses. It is also known by the name of BONE-SET. THORP, THORPE, thorp, n. an English termination denoting a group of houses standing together in the country: a hamlet: a village used chiefly in place-names, and names of persons derived from places; as, Althorp, Copmansthorpe. Thorpe as a termination of place-names is very common in Lincolnshire. Within a little thorp I staid at last.-Fairfax. Or slip between the ridges, And half a hundred bridges.-Tennyson [A. S. thorp, O.S. thorp, tharp, Ice. thorp, Swed. and Dan. torp, Dut. dorp, Ger. dorf, a village, a hamlet, a group of houses. Vigfusson regards this word as having been originally applied in England to the cottages of the poorer peasantry crowded together in a hamlet, instead of each house standing in its own inclosure, the etymological sense being a crowd or throng, as seen in L. turba, a crowd, of which word this is the Teutonic equivalent.] THOS THOS, thỏs, THOUS, thō'us, n. a name given to a genus of dogs intermediate between the wolf, the fox, and the jackal, of all of whose natures it somewhat partakes. These dogs are larger than a jackal; they do not burrow, and are marked on the back by black and white colors, the rest of the fur being in general ochrey buff. Among the different species are the wild dog of Egypt, Nubian thous, Cape jackal: Senegal thous or jackal, etc. [Gr. thos, a jackal.] 66 THOSE, thōz, pron., pl. of THAT. [From A.S. thas, the old pl. of thes, this. See THIS. Doublet THESE.] THOU, thow, pron. of the second person sing., the person addressed, now gen. used only in solemn address. Thou, as in Shakespeare's time, was (1) the pronoun of affection towards friends, (2) of good-humored superiority to servants, and (3) of contempt or anger to strangers. It had, however, already fallen somewhat into disuse, and being regarded as archaic, was naturally adopted (4) in the higher poetic style and in the language of solemn prayer."-E. A. Abbott. A.S. thu; cog. with Goth. thu, Gr. tu, L. tu, Sans. tva-m.] THOUGH, thō, conj. admitting: allowing : even if notwithstanding. [Lit. " on that" (condition), A.S. theah; cog. with Goth. thau-h, Ice. thô, Ger. doch; from the stem of THE.] THOUGHT, thawt, pa.t. and pa.p. of THINK. [A.S. theahte, theaht.] THOUGHT, thawt, n. the act of thinking: reasoning: deliberation: that which one thinks: idea: fancy: consideration: opinion meditation: design: care. [A.S. ge-thoht; Ice. thott-r, Ö. Ger. ge-dacht. See THINK.] : THOUGHTFUL, thawt'fool, adj., full of thought employed in meditation: attentive: considerate: promoting serious thought favorable to meditation.-adv. THOUGHT FULLY. -n. THOUGHT FULNESS. THOUGHTLESS, thawt'les, adj., without thought or care: careless: inattentive: stupid dull.-adv. THOUGHT'LESSLY.-N. THOUGHT LESSNESS. THOUSAND, thow'zand, adj. denoting ten hundred proverbially, denoting any great number.-n. the number ten hundred any large number. [A.S. thusend; Ger. tausend, Goth. thusundi; found also in Slav. and Lithuanian, and prob. thence derived.] THOUSANDFOLD, thow'zand-föld, adj., folded a thousand times: multiplied by a thousand. THOUSANDTH, thow'zandth, adj. the last of a thousand or of any great number. -n. one of a thousand or of any great number. THOWEL, THOWL. See THOLE. THRALDOM, TARALLDOM, thrawl'dum, n. the condition of a thrall or slave: slavery: bondage. THRALL, thrawl, n. a slave, serf: slavery: servitude. [A.S. thrall; Ice. thrall, a slave; prob. a dim. from A.S. threagan, to chide, to vex; acc. to Trench, from THRILL, from the practice of boring the ear of a slave in token of servitude.] THRASAETUS, thra-sa'e-tus, n. the name of the genus to which the harpy-eagle or crested-eagle (T. harpyia) of South America belongs. The characteristic features are the crest (which lies flat unless when the bird is roused), the strength of the feet and length of the claws, and the thickness of the bones, the whole framework of the bird being exceedingly powerful. The harpy-eagle lives in thick forests and preys on sloths, deer, etc. [Gr. thrasys, bold, and aetos, an eagle.] 445 .-n. THRASH, thrash, v.t. to beat out grain thresh'er, n. one who thrashes grain: a species of shark, the Alopias or Alopecias vulpes, or sea-fox, called the thrasher from its using its tail-fin, which is nearly equal in length to the whole body, as a weapon of attack.-BROWN THRASHER, an American singing bird of the thrush family. THRASHING, thrash'ing, THRESHING, thresh'ing, n. the operation by which grain is separated from the straw. This operation is performed in various ways, as by the feet of animals, by a flail, or by a thrashing-machine. The first mode was that employed in the ages of antiquity, and it is still practiced in the south of Europe, and in Persia and India. Oxen were generally employed for this purpose, either alone or with the addition of a kind of roller studded with iron knots, which the oxen dragged over the grain-sheaves, which latter were spread on a circular floor in the form of a circle, the ends containing the grain being placed towards the centre. Thrashing by the flail is still practiced in various parts of Europe, but thrashingmachines, which effect a great saving in time and labor to the farmer in this country, have been very extensively introduced. THRASHING, thrash'ing, n. the act of beating out grain from the straw: a sound beating or drubbing. THRASHING-FLOOR, thrash'ing-flōr, n. a floor on which grain is thrashed. THREAD, thred, n. a very thin line of any substance twisted and drawn out: a filament of any fibrous substance: a fine line of yarn: anything resembling a thread: the prominent spiral part of a screw something continued in long course: the uniform tenor of a discourse. -v.t. to pass a thread through the eye of (as a needle): to pass or pierce through, as a narrow way. [Lit. "something twisted," A.S. threed (cog. with Ice. thrad-r, Ger. draht), from thrawan, to wind (E. THROW, to twist), Ger. drehen.] THREADBARE, thred'bar, adj. worn to the bare or naked thread: having the nap worn off: hackneyed: used till its novelty or interest is gone. THREADY, thred'i, adj. like thread : slender containing or consisting of thread. THREAP, threp, v.t. to assert with perti nacity: to continue to assert in reply to denial: as, will ye threap that down my throat? (Scotch and provincial English.) Spelled also THREEP. [A.S. threâpian, to threap, reprove, afflict; allied to Ice. threfa, to wrangle or dispute; probably of same stem as threat.] THREAP, thrēp, v.i. to aver or assert with pertinacity; to maintain by dint of assertion. Burns: to contend; to quarrel; "It is not for a man with a woman to threap." -Percy Reliq.: to threaten; "He threapit to see the auld hardened blood-shedder." -Sir W. Scott. THREAP, thrēp, n. a vehement or pertinacious affirmation: an obstinate decision or determination. "He has taken a threap that he would have it finished before the year was done.”—Carlyle. THREAT, thret, n. declaration of an intention to inflict punishment or other evil upon another: menace. [See THREATEN.] THREATEN, thret'n, v.t. to declare the intention of inflicting punishment or other evil upon another: to terrify by menaces: THRIFTLESS to present the appearance of coming evil, or of something unpleasant. [A.S. threa tian, to threaten; cog. with Ger. verdrieszen, Goth. thriutan, to vex.] THREATENING, thret'n-ing, adj. indicating a threat or menace: indicating something approaching or impending. -adv. THREATENINGLY. THREE, thre, adj. and n. two and one. [A.S. and Ice. thri, Celt. tri, Goth. threis, Ger. drei, L. tres, Gr. treis, Sans. tri.] THREEFOLD, thre'fōld, adj.. folded thrice: THREEPLY, thre'pli, adj. having three thrice repeated: consisting of three. plies or folds. . THREESCORE, thre'skōr, adj., three times a score, sixty. THREE-SUITED, thre'-sût-ed, adj. a word of doubtful meaning used by Shakespeare; perhaps having only three suits of clothes; or wearing three suits of clothes, probably referring to a custom once prevalent among the peasantry of Germany to put on their whole wardrobe on festival occasions, one suit over another: hence, low born: peasant-like. "A knave; a rascal; an eater of broken meats; a base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited, hundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave."-Shak. THRENE, thren, n. a complaint: lamentation: a threnody. "The threnes and sad accents of the prophet Jeremy.' Jer. Taylor. [L. threnus, Gr. thrēnos, lamentation, from threomai, to cry aloud.] men over a threne or THRENETIC, thre-net'ik,THRENETICAL, thre-net'ik-al, adj. sorrowful: mournful. "Among all threnetical discourses on record, this last, between whelmed and almost annihilated by the excess of their sorrow, has probably an unexampled character.”—Carlyle. THRENODE, thren'od, n. threnody: a dirge. THRENODIAL, thren-o'di-al, adj. of or pertaining to a threnody: elegiac. "A threnodial flight."-Southey. THRENODIST, thren'o-dist, n. a writer of threnodies: a composer of dirges. THRENODY, thren'o-di, n. a song of lamentation: a dirge: especially a kind of occasional poem composed for the occasion of the funeral of some distinguished personage. To-day her petulance wore another aspect. It was like the intrusion of the petty miseries and mean annoyances of daily life into the solemn story of a tragedy or the tender strains of a threnody."-Cornhill Mag. [Gr. threnōdia-thrēnos, lamentation, and ōdě, ode.] 66 THREPE, v.i. same as THREAP. n. the doctrine of or a discourse on the nutrition of organized bodies. [Gr. threpsis, nutri. tion, and logos, discourse.] THRESH, thresh. Same as THRASH. THRESHOLD, thresh'õld, n. a piece of wood or stone under the door of a house: door: entrance: the place or point of entering. [Lit. "the piece of wood beaten by the feet,' M. E. threshwold-A.S. therscwald-therscan, to thresh, wald, wood.] THREW, thrōō, pa.t. of THROW. THRICE, thris, adv., three times. [M. E. thries-THREE, with a genitive termination.] THRIFT, thrift, n. state of thriving: frugality prosperity: increase of wealth: gain: a plant so called, of several species. [See THRIVE.] THRIFTLESS, thrift'les, adj., not thrifty: extravagant: not thriving.--adv. THRIFT LESSLY.-N. THRIFT'LESSNESS. THRIVE, thrīv, v.i. to prosper: to increase in goods to be successful: to grow: to flourish:-pa.t. thrōve and thrived; pa.p. thriv'en. [Ice. thrija, to care, thrif, care, good success.] THRIVINGLY, thrīv’ing-li, adv. in a thriving or prosperous manner. THROAT, thrōt, n. the forepart of the neck, in which are the gullet and windpipe: an entrance: a narrow part of any thing. [A.S. throte; Ger. drossel, the throat, gullet.] THROB, throb, v.i. to beat or palpitate, as the heart or pulse, with more than usual force-pr.p. throbb'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. throbbed. n. a beat or strong pulsation. [Sw. drabba, to knock; akin to L. trepido, to tremble.] THROE, thro, n., suffering, pain: agony: the pains of childbirth. [A.S. threa, suffering-threowan, to suffer.] THROMBOSIS, throm'bō-sis, n. in pathol. the condition of being affected with thrombus the obstruction of a bloodvessel by the formation of a fibrinous clot. THROMBUS, throm'bus, n. in pathol. (a) a small tumor which sometimes arises after bleeding, owing to the blood escaping from the vein into the cellular structure surrounding it, and coagulating there; (b) a fibrinous coagulum or clot which forms in and obstructs a blood-vessel. [L.. from Gr. thromboō, to clot.] THRONE, thrōn, n. an elevated and ornamental chair of state used by a king, emperor, or pope; the term is also applied to the seat of a bishop in his cathedral church, to the official chair of the presiding official of certain societies, or to any similar seat; as the throne of the masonic grand-master, etc.: sovereign power and dignity; also, the wielder of that power-usually with the; "Thy throne, O God, is for ever."-Ps. xlv. 6; "The throne is fixed upon a pinnacle which perpetual beams of truth and justice irradiate."-Hallam; O joy to the people and joy to the throne. -Tennyson: one of an order of angels who are usually represented with double wings, supporting the throne of the Almighty in ethereal space; Hear, all ye angels, progeny of light, As on the finger of a throned queen to place as on a throne; to set in an exalted position; to exalt. Milton. THRONE, thrōn, v.i. to sit on a throne: to sit in state as a king. "He wants nothing of a god but eternity, and a heaven to throne in."-Shak. 446 THRONELESS, thrōn'les, adj. without a throne: deposed. Must she too bend, must she too share Thou throneless homicide.-Byron. THRONG, throng, n. a large number of people pressed or crowded together: a crowd: a great multitude.-v.t. to press or crowd to annoy with numbers.-v.i. to crowd together: to come in multitudes. [A.S. thrang-thringan, to press.] THROSTLE, thros'l, n. the song-thrush or mavis, a bird of the genus Turdus, the T. musicus; The throstle with his note so true, The wren with little quill.-Shak.: a machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., from the rove, consisting of a set of drawing rollers with bobbins and flyers, and differing from the mule in having the twisting apparatus stationary-so named from the noise it makes, which resembles the singing of a thrush: called also water-frame because at first driven by water. [A dim. form of thrush. A. S. throstle, Ger. and Dan. drossel, Ice. thröstr, throstle; cog. Rus. drozd, L. turdus, a thrush; perhaps also stork, starling.] THROSTLE-COCK, thros'l-kok,n. the male thrush. COCK, The ousel and the throstle-cocke, Chief musick of our Maye.-Drayton. THROSTLING, thros'l-ing, n. a disease of cattle of the ox kind, occasioned by a swelling under their throats, which, unless checked, will choke them. [Supposed to be from the whistling sound emitted in breathing resembling the singing of the throstle.] THROTTLE, throt'l, v.i. to choke: to suffocate: to have the throat obstructed so as to endanger suffocation: to breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated. THROTTLE, throt'l, v.t. to choke: to suffocate: to stop the breath of by compressing the throat: to strangle. • Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more freedom than if it sat in his noose, which, when he pleases to draw together with one twitch of his negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish of Caligula, in one neck."-Milton: to pronounce with a choking voice; to utter with breaks and interruptions, like a person half suffocated; "Throttle their practiced accents in their fears."-Shak. THROTTLE-LEVER, throt'l-le-ver, n. in steam-engines, the hand-lever by which the throttle-valve is worked: used chiefly in locomotive engines. THROTTLER, throt'ler, n. one who or that which throttles or chokes. THROTTLE-VALVE, throt'l-valv, n. in steam-engines, a valve which regulates the supply of steam to the cylinder. In many engines it consists of a disc turning on an axis and occupying in its transverse position the bore of the main steampipe. In land engines its action is usually controlled by the governor. THROTTLE, throt'l, n. the throat or windTHROUGH, throō, prep. from end to end, pipe. [Dim. of THROAT.] or from side to side of: between the sides of over the whole extent of: among from beginning to end: by means of in consequence of. - adv. from one end or side to the other: from beginning to end: to the end or purpose. [A.S. thurh; cog. with Ger. durch, W. tru, Sans. taras-root tar, to cross (L. trans, across).] THROUGHLY, thrōo'li, adv. (obs.) same as THOROUGHLY. THROUGHOUT,thrōō-owt', prep., through to the outside: in every part of: from THUJA one end to the other.-adv. in every part everywhere. THROVE, throv, pa.t. of THRIVE. THROW, thrō, v.t. to hurl: to fling: to wind or twist together, as yarn: to form on a wheel, as pottery: to venture at dice: to put off: to put on or spread carelessly: to cast down in wrestling.-v.i. to cast or hurl to cast dice-pa.t. threw (thrōō); pa.p. thrown.-n. the act of throwing a cast, esp. of dice: the distance to which anything may be thrown: a violent effort.-n. THROW'ER. [A.S. thrawan, to turn, to twist; cog. with Ger. drehen, to twist, L. terere, torquere.] THRUM, thrum, n. the end of a weaver's thread: coarse yarn.-v.t. to furnish with thrums: to fringe: to insert short pieces of rope-yarn in a mat or piece of canvas: to play rudely or monotonously on an instrument with the fingers: - pr.p. thrumm'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. thrummed. [Ice. throm; Ger. trumm, a piece, end, Iragment.] THRUMMY, thrum'i, adj. made of or like thrums. THRUSH, thrush, n. a little bird remarkable for its power of song. [See THROSTLE.] THRUSH, thrush, n. an inflammatory and suppurating affection in the feet of horses: a disease of the mouth and throat occurring chiefly in early infancy. THRUST, thrust, v.t. to push or drive with force.-v.i. to make a push, esp. with a pointed weapon: to squeeze in to intrude-pa.t. and pa.p. thrust.-n. a stab: an assault. [Ice. thrysta, to press.] THUD, thud, n. the sound produced by a blow upon a comparatively soft substance: a noise, as that of a heavy stone striking the ground: hence, a stroke or blow causing a dull, blunt, or hollow sound. "The shot went whistling through the air above our heads and plunged with a heavy thud into the ground... behind us.-W. H. Russell. [Imitative. Cf. A.S. thoden, a noise, a din.] THUG, thug, n. a member of a peculiar confraternity or association of robbers and assassins formerly prevalent in India, principally in the central and northern provinces. The Thugs roamed about in bands, decoyed travellers and others into retired spots and there plundered and murdered them, preferably by strangulation, and only by the shedding of blood when forced by circumstances. Their motive was not so much lust of plunder as certain religious ideas, and of their spoil one-third was devoted to the goddess Kali, whom they worshipped. In 1830 the British government took vigorous measures for their suppression, and Thuggery, as an organized system, may be said to be completely extinct. The name thug is now applied to habitual swindlers, pickpockets and worthless characters generally. [Hind. thugna, to deceive.] THUGGEE, thug-ge', THUGGERY, thug'er-i, n. the system of plunder and assassination carried on by the Thugs: the profession and practices of the Thugs. THUGGISM, thug'izm, THUGGEEÏSM, thug'e-izm, n. same as THUGGEE. "That thuggeeism again came to the knowledge of the Calcutta Council in 1810."-Cyc. of India. THUJA, thu'ja,THUYA, thu'ya, n. a genus of plants, nat. order Coniferæ. The species are known by the name of arborvitæ, or tree of life; they are evergreens, trees or shrubs, and are inhabitants of Asia, Africa, and North America. T. oc THULE cidentalis, the American arbor-vitæ, and T. orientalis, the Chinese arbor-vitæ, are used extensively as ornamental plants. [Gr. thyia, an African tree with sweetsmelling wood, used for making costly furniture, perhaps from thyo, to sacrifice-the resin from the tree being used instead of incense in sacrifices.] THULE, thu lē, n. the name given by the ancients to the most northern country with which they were acquainted. This is believed by some to have been Iceland, by others Norway, and by many the largest of the Shetland Islands. Probably the word did not always denote the same country or island; many, in fact, may not have attached to it the idea of any precise country. The Romans spoke of it as utlima Thule, the farthest Thule. "This ultimate dim Thule."-Poe. Where the Northern Ocean, in vast whirls, THUMB, thum, n. the short, thick finger of the hand: the corresponding member in other animals.-v.t. to handle awkwardly to play or soil with the thumb or fingers.-v.i. to finger.-BY RULE OF THUMB, in a rough and ready practical manner, found by experience to be convenient. [With intrusive b from A.S. thuma; cog. with Ice. thumall; conn. with L. tumeo, Sans. taumi, to grow large.] THUMBKINS, thum'kinz, n.pl. an instrument of torture for compressing the thumbs, much used by the Spanish in. quisitors, and also in Britain when the object was to obtain a confession or recantation through exquisite pain without endangering the life of the victim. The last recorded instance of their application in Great Britain was in the case of Principal Carstairs, who in 1684 was ineffectually tortured at the orders of the Scotch privy-council with the view of making him reveal the secrets of the Argyle and Monmouth parties. Called also THUMB-SCREW. "Burnet is the chief authority about the torturing. . . . He speaks of the thumbkins as an invention for the occasion, but it was an instrument in common use in countries better acquainted than Scotland was with methods of torture."-J. H. Burton. THUMMIM, thum'im, n.pl.. perfections. [Heb., pl. of tom, perfection. See URIM.] THUMP, thump, n. a heavy blow.-v.t. to beat with something heavy. - v.i. to strike or fall with a dull, heavy blow.-n. THUMP'ER. [From the sound, like BUMP.] THUNDER, thun'der, n. the deep rumbling sound after a flash of lightning: any loud noise an alarming denunciation.-v.i. to make thunder: to sound as thunder. -v.t. to give out with noise and terdenunciation. ror to publish a THUN'DERER.-adjs. THUN'DERY, THUN'DEROUS. [With intrusive d from A.S. thunor; cog. with Ger. donner, Ice. dunr, L. tonitru (-tono). The root is tan, found it. L. tendo, Gr. teinō, Ger. dehnen, to stretch, from the stretching or straining of the god in hurling the thunderbolt.] n. THUNDERBOLT, thun'der-bōlt, n. a shaft of lightning: a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, and particularly from the clouds to the earth; the name originated in the ancient notion that the destructive effects of lightning could be caused only by a shaft or bolt-like hard body being hurled at the object destroyed: (fig.) a daring or irresistible hero; Who can omit the Gracchi, who declare The Scipio's worth-those thunderbolts of war? -Dryden: THURIBLE, thur'i-bl, n. a censer of metal for burning frankincense. [L. thuribulum-thus, thuris, frankincense; akin to Gr. thuos, a sacrifice.] THURIFER, thūr'i-fer, n. the server who carries the thurible. [L. thus, thuris, and fero, to bear.] THURSDAY, thurz'da, n. the fifth day of the week, so called because orig. sacred to Thor, the old Saxon god of thunder. [A.S. thunres dæg-thuner, thunder, and dog, day; Ice. thors-dag-r, Thor's day, Ger. donnerstag.] THUS, thus, adv. in this or that manner: to this degree or extent. [A.S., prob. an instrumental case of THIS.] THWACK, thwak, v.t. to strike with something blunt and heavy, to thrash.-n. a heavy blow. [Imitative.] THWART, thwawrt, adj., cross: being crosswise.-v.t. to cross: to oppose: to defeat.-n. the bench for rowers placed athwart the boat. - adv. THWART'LY. [Ice. thvert; cog. with A.S. thweorh, Ger. quer. See QUEER.] T. THY, thi, poss. adj., thine, of or pertaining to thee. [Short for THINE.] THYLACINE, thi'la-sin, THYLACINUS, CINUS thi-la-si'nus, n. a genus of carnivorous Marsupialia inhabiting Tasmania. cynocephalus, the native hyæna or dogfaced opossum of the colonists is the only known species. In size it is generally about 4 feet in total length, though some specimens attain a much greater size. It is nocturnal in its habits: of a fierce and most determined disposition, and is very destructive to sheep and other animals. It has an elongated and somewhat dog-like muzzle, and a long tapering tail; the fur is grayish-brown with a series of boldly-defined stripes, nearly black in color, beginning just behind the shoulders and ending upon the base of the tail. Called also TASMANIAN WOLF, ZEBRA WOLF, TIGER WOLF. [Gr. thylax, a pouch, and kyōn, a dog.] THYME, tim, n. an aromatic herb. [L. thymum-Gr. thyō, to fill with sweet smells, to burn in sacrifice.] THYMY, tim'i, adj. abounding with thyme: fragrant. THYSELF, thi-self', pron., thou or thee, in person-used for emphasis. [THY and SELF.] TIARA, ti-a'ra, n. the lofty ornamental head-dress of the ancient Persians: a head-dress: the mitre of the Jewish highpriest. Also the pope's triple crown. The tiara and keys are the badges of the papal dignity; the tiara of his civil rank, and the keys of his jurisdiction. In its present form it is composed of a high cap of cloth of gold, encircled by three coronets, with a mound and cross of gold at the top. From the cap hang two pendants, embroidered and fringed at the ends, and semée of crosses of gold. The cap alone was first adopted by Damasus II. in 1048. It afterwards had a plain circlet of gold put round it. It was surmounted with a coronet by Boniface VIII. The second coronet was added by Benedict XII., to indicate the prerogatives of spiritual and temporal power. It is not known who first adopted the third coronet, indicative of the Trinity; some say Urban V., others John XXII., John XXIII., or Benedict XII. - (fig.) TICKLE the papal dignity.-adj. TIA'RAED, wearing a tiara. [Fr. tiare, through L., from Gr. tiara.] TIBIA, tib'i-a, n. the large shinbone. [L., the shinbone, hence, a flute (orig. made of bone).J TIBIAL, tib'i-al, adj. pertaining to the tibia: pertaining to a pipe or flute. TIC, tik, n. a convulsive motion of certain muscles, esp. of the face. [Fr., from the likeness of the motion to a ticking sound. } TIC-DOULOUREUX, tik-dōō-lōō-rōō', n. painful, convulsive motion of a nerve, usually in the face. [Fr. tic (see TIC), and douloureux, painful.] TICK, tik, n. the popular name for several species of large mites which infest dogs, sheep, etc. [M. E. tike, cog. with Dut. teek, Ger. zecke.] TICK, tik, n. the case or cover in which feathers, etc., are put for bedding. TICKEN, tik'en, TICKING, tik'ing, n. the cloth of which a tick is made. [Allied to Dut. tijk, and Ger. zieche; all from L. theca-Gr. theke, a case, that in which anything is put-ti-the-mi, to put.] TICK, tik, v.i. to make a small, quick noise: to beat, as a watch. [Imitative; as are Dut. tikk-en and Ger. tick-en.] TICK, tik, v.i. to run upon score: to get or give credit.-n. credit: trust. [Prob. a contr. of TICKET.] TICKET, tik'et, n. a small piece of paper, card-board, or the like, with something written or printed on it, and serving as a notice, acknowledgment, etc.; as, a bill posted up, in England; "He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the schooldoors."-Fuller: a label stuck on the outside of anything to give notice of some thing concerning it, as to show the character or price of goods: a token of a right or debt, contained in general on a card or slip of paper; as, a certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other mode of distributing money, goods, and the like a marked card or slip of paper given as an acknowledgment of goods deposited or pledged, or as a certificate of right of entry to a place of public amusement, or to travel in a railway or by other public conveyance: in politics, a printed list of candidates to be used at an election; the names on a list of candidates; a set of nominations for election. -STRAIGHT TICKET, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change.-SCRATCHED TICKET, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are marked out.-SPLIT TICKET, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. Hence, ticket also means the aggregate of principles adopted by a party; a declared system of policy; as, the Republican or Democratic ticket.-THE TICKET, the right or correct thing. "That's about the ticket in this country."- Trollope. 66 She's very handsome and she's very finely dressed, only somehow she's not-she's not the ticket, you see."-Thackeray,— TICKET OF LEAVE, a permit or license given to a convict or prisoner to be, under cer tain restrictions, at large and labor for himself; issued chiefly to prisoners from British penal colonies and to political offenders. [O. Fr. esticquette, Mod. Fr. étiquette, a bill, note, ticket, label, etc.] TICKET, tik'et, v.t. to distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods to furnish with a ticket; as, to ticket a passenger to California. TICKLE, tikl, v.t. to touch lightly and cause to laugh: to please by slight gratifi sense TICKLISH cation.-v.i. to feel titillation or tickling. | -n. TICK'LER. [Dim. of TICK, v., in the "to touch lightly."] TICKLISH, tik'lish, adj. easily tickled: easily affected: nice: critical. — adv. TICKLISHLY.-n. TICK'LISHNESS. TIDAL, tid'al, adj. pertaining to tides: flowing and ebbing periodically. TIDE, tid, n., time: season: the regular flux and reflux or rising and falling of the sea course: a tide, time, or season: commotion: turning-point.-v.t. to drive with the stream.-v.i. to pour a tide or flood to work in or out of a river or harbor with the tide. [A.S., cog. with Ger. zeit, time. Cf. TIDINGS.] TIDEGAUGE, tīd'gāj, n. an instrument for registering the state of the tide continuously. TIDELESS, tid'les, adj. having no tides. TIDEMILL, tīd'mil, n. a mill moved by tide-water: a mill for clearing lands of tide-water. TIDE-TABLE, tīd'-ta'bl, n. a table giving the time of high tide at any place. TIDE-WAITER, tid'-wat'er, n. an officer who waits the arrival of vessels, to secure the payment of the duties. [Eng.] TIDEWAY, tid'wa, n. the way or channel in which the tide sets. TIDINGS,__tīd'ingz, n.pl. news intelligence. [Lit. " things that betide," from Ice. tidh-indi-tidh, time; cf. Ger. zeitung, news, from zeit. See TIDE and BETIDE.] TIDY, ti'di, adj. neat: in good order.-n. a cover for chairs, etc.: a child's pinafore.-v.t. to make neat: to put in good order-pa.t. and pa.p. ti'died. [M.E. tidi (lit.) "timely," in good condition, beautiful, from A.S. tid, time, E. TIDE; cf. Ger. zeit-ig, "timely," mature.] TIE, ti, v.t. to bind: to fasten with a cord: to unite to constrain: (music) to unite notes with a tie :-pr.p. ty'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. tied (tīd).-n. a knot: a bond: an equality in numbers, as of votes, or of "points" in a game: (music) a curved line drawn over two or more notes on the same degree of the stave, signifying that the second note is not to be sounded separately, but is to sustain the first. [A.S. tian, to tie, perh. from the root of A.S. teon, to draw, Ger. ziehen.] TIER, tēr, n. a row or rank, especially when several rows are placed one above another. [A.S. tier.] TIERCE, tērs, n. a cask containing onethird of a pipe, that is 42 gallons: a sequence of three cards of the same color: a third, in music: a thrust, in fencing. [Fr.-L. tertia (pars), a third (part)—ter, three times-tres, three.] TIFFIN, tif'in, n. the East Indian name for lunch. [From Prov. E. tiff, a draught of beer.] TIGER, ti'ger, n. a fierce animal of the cat kind, nearly as large as a lion:-fem. Tr'GRESS. [Fr. tigre-L. tigris-Gr.] TIGERISH, ti'ger-ish, adj. like a tiger in disposition. TIGHT, tit, adj. close: compact: not leaky: fitting closely: not loose.-adv. TIGHTLY. -n. TIGHTNESS. [From A.S. thihan, to thrive; cog. with Ger. dicht. See TIE and THICK.] TIGHTEN, tit'n, v.t. to make tight or tighter to straighten. TILBURY, til'ber-i, n. a kind of gig. [Said to be so named from its first maker.] TILE, til, n. a piece of baked clay used for covering roofs, floors, etc. : a tube of baked clay used in drains.-v.t. to cover with tiles.-n. TIL'ER. [A.S. tigol-L. tegula-tego, to cover.] TILERY, til'er-i, n. a place where tiles are made. 448 TILING, til'ing, n. a roof of tiles: tiles in general. TILL, til, n. a money box or drawer in a desk or counter. [From A.S. tilian, to tell, count.] TILL, til, prep. to the time of.-adv. to the time when to the degree that. [A.S. til-Scand.; from the same root as A.S. til, suitable, tilian, to gain, to get, and Ger. ziel, end, limit.] TILL, til, v.t. to cultivate.-n. TILL'ER. [A.S. tilian, to till-til, an end, a limit; cog. with Ger. zielen, to aim, to arrange.] TILLAGE, til'āj, n. act or practice of tilling: husbandry: a place tilled. TILLER, til'er, n. the handle or lever for turning a rudder. [Prov. E. tiller, the handle of a spade; perh. from Dut. tillen, to lift.] TILT, tilt, n. the canvas covering of a cart or wagon: an awning in a boat.-v.t. to cover with an awning. [A.S. teldteldan, to cover; cog. with Ger. zelt.] TILT, tilt, v.i. to ride against another and thrust with a lance: to thrust or fight with a lance or rapier: to fall into a sloping posture.-v.t. to point or thrust with, as a lance: to slant: to raise one end of to forge with a tilt-hammer.-n. a thrust in the middle ages, an exercise in which combatants rode against each other with lances: inclination for ward.-n. TILT'ER. [A.S. tealt, tottering; Ice. tölta, to trot; Ger. zelter.] TILTH, tilth, n. cultivation: cultivated land. [From TILL, v.t.] TILT-HAMMER, tilt'-ham'er, n. a heavy hammer used in ironworks, which is tilted or lifted by means of projections on the axis of a wheel. TIMBER, tim'ber, n. wood for building purposes: the trunk of a tree: material for any structure: one of the larger pieces of the framework of a house, ship, etc. v.t. to furnish with timber or beams. [A.S. timber, building, wood; Ger. zimmer, an apartment, building from root dam, seen in L. domus, Gr. domos, a house, and demo, to build, and Sans. dama.] TIMBRE, tim'ber, n. tone or character of a musical sound. [Fr.-L. tympanum, a drum. TIMBREL, tim'brel, n. a musical instrument somewhat like a tambourine. [Through It. timburello, from root of TABOR.] TIME, tim, n. a point at which or period during which things happen: a season or proper time an opportunity: absolute duration: an interval: past time: the duration of one's life: allotted period: repetition of anything or mention with reference to repetition: musical measure hour of travail: the state of things at any period, usually in pl.: the history of the world, as opposed to eternity: addition of a thing to itself.-AT TIMES, at distinct intervals: occasionally.-IN TIME, TIME ENOUGH, in good season: sufficiently early.-THE TIME BEING, the present time. -v.t. to do at the proper season: to regulate as to time: (music) to measure.-v.i. to keep or beat time. [A.S. tima; cf. Ice. timi; Celt. tim; and TIDE.] TIME-HONORED, tim'-on'urd, adj., honored for a long time: venerable on account of antiquity. TIME-KEEPER, tim'-kep'er, n. a clock, watch, or other instrument for keeping or marking time: one who keeps the time of workmen. TIMELY, tim'li, adj. in good time: sufficiently early.adv. early, soon. -n. TIME'LINESS. TIMEOUS, tīm'us, adj. in good time: seasonable. TIMEOUSLY, tīm'us-li, adv. in good time. TINTINNABULATION TIMEPIECE, tim'pēs, n. a piece of machinery for keeping time, esp. a clock for a mantel-piece. TIME-SERVER, tim'-serv'er, n. one who serves or meanly suits his opinions to the times. TIME-TABLE, tim'-ta'bl, n. a table or list showing the times of certain things, as trains, steamers, etc. TIMEWORN, tim'worn, adj., worn or decayed by time. TIMID, tim'id, adj., fearful: wanting courage faint-hearted.adv. TIM'IDLY.-n. TIM'IDNESS. [L. timidus-timeo, to fear.] TIMIDITY, ti-mid'i-ti, n. quality or state of being timid: want of courage or bold ness. TIMOROUS, tim'or-us, adj. full of fear: timid indicating fear.-adv. TIM'OROUSLY.-n. TIM'OROUSNESS. TIN, tin, n. a silvery-white, non-elastic, easily fusible, and malleable metal.-v.t. to cover or overlay with tin or tinfoil :pr.p. tinn'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. tinned. [A.S.; cog. with Ice. tin, Ger. zinn.] TINCTORIAL, tingk-tōr'i-al, adj. giving a tinge or containing color: coloring. TINCTURE, tingk'tür, n. a tinge or shade of color a slight taste added to anything: (med.) a solution of any substance in or by means of spirit of wine. -v.t. to tinge: to imbue to mix with anything foreign. [L. tinctura, from root of TINGE.] TINDER, tin'der, n. anything used for kindling fire from a spark. [A.S. tender; Ice. tundr, Ger. zunder. The root is found in A.S. tendan, Ger. zünden, to kindle.] TINE, tin, n. the spike of a fork or harrow, etc.-TINED, adj. furnished with spikes. [M.E. tind, a prickle; cog. with Ice. tind-r, a tooth, a prickle; and prob. conn. with TOOTH.] TINFOIL, tin'foil, n., tin in thin leaves. TINGE, tinj, v.t. to tint or color: to mix [From TIN, and FOIL, a leaf.] with something: to give in some degree the qualities of a substance.-n. a small amount of color or taste infused into another substance. [L. tingo, tinctum; conn. with Gr. tenggō, to wet, to stain, Sans. tuc-.] TINGLE, ting'gl, v.i. to feel a thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound: to feel a sharp, thrilling pain. [Like tinkle, an imitative word.] TINKER, tingk'er, n. a mender of brazen or tin kettles, pans, etc. [Tink, to make a sharp, shrill sound; Scot. tinkler— tinkle; also given - a worker in tin.] TINKLE, tingk'l, v.i. to make small sharp sounds to clink: to jingle: to hear small sharp sounds.-v.t. to cause to make quick, sharp sounds.-n. a sharp clinking sound. [Dim. of tink, a sharp, quick sound; an imitative word.] TINSEL, tin'sel, n. something sparkling or shining a stuff for ornamental dresses consisting of cloth overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver: anything showy, of but little value: anything having a false lustre.-adj. like tinsel : gaudy superficial.-v.t. to adorn with or as with tinsel: to make glittering or gaudy-pr.p. tin'selling; pa.t. and pa.p. tin'selled. [Fr. étincelle-L. scintilla, a spark.] TINT, tint, n. a slight tinge distinct from the principal color.-.t. to give a slight coloring to. [From root of TINGE.] TINTINNABULATION, tin- tin-ab-u-la'shun, n. the tinkling sound of bells. [L. tintinnabulum, a bell-tintinnare, dim. of tinnio, to jingle, to ring; an imitative word.] |