-EN, IN, -ENE, belonging to, as alien, vermin, terrene. [L. -enus, -ena, -enum.] -ENCE, -ENCY. See -NCE, -NCY. -ENT, belonging to, as different. [L. -ens, -entis. See -ANT.]

-EOUS, in righteous, corr. of -WISE (which see); in courteous, from O. Fr. -eis (from L. -ensis).

EOUS, same as -OUS, as ligneous. [L. -eus.]

-ER, freq. and intens., as glimmer, flutter. -ER, infinitive suffix, as cover, encounter.

[Fr. re, ir, from L. pr. infinitive -are, -ere, -ire.]

-ER, marks the agent, as writer; sometimes changed to -ar, as liar; with -i- or -y-prefixed, as cloth-i-er, law-y-er; with excrescent-t or -d, as bragg-ar-t. [A.S. -ere; Ger. -er.]

ER, more, used in compar. of adjs., as greater, more. [Aryan compar. suffix -ra.]

-ER, noun suffix, as matter, gutter. [Fr. -iere-L. -eria.]

-EREL, dim. suffix, as mackerel. [See under -L.]

-ERIE, place where, as menagerie. [Fr., from L. -arium. See -ERY.] -ERLY, direction to or from, as southerly. [From -ERN and -LY.]

-ERN, adj. suffix, sig. direction, as southern [A.S. -er-n]; adj. suffix, sig. belonging to, as modern [L. -ernus]; noun suffix, as cistern [L. -erna].

-ERY, noun suffix, as brewery, witchery, cutlery. [Noun suffix -Y added to nouns in -ER (marking agent). See-ARY, -ERIE, -ORY.]

-as.

-ES or -S, pl. suffix, as foxes, hats. [A.S. -s is a general pl. suffix, as L. and Gr. -es.] ESCENT, growing, becoming, as convalescent. [L. -esco, -isco, -asco, Gr. -askō, suffix, implying becoming, beginning.] -ESE, belonging to, as Japanese. [It. -ese, L.-ensis.]

-ESQUE, partaking of the quality of, as picturesque. [Fr. -esque (It. -esco)-L. -iscus, a by-form of -icus (see -IC), and conn. with -ISH, adj. suffix.]

-ESS, fem. suffix of nouns, as lioness. [Fr. -esse, L. -issa, Gr. -issa (made up of -it or -id and -ya).]

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

-I, pl. suffix of nouns in us, as literati [L. -i; conn. with Gr. -ai, -oi]; also pl. suffix of nouns borrowed from It., as banditti [It.-L.].

-IBLE, adj. suffix, as possible, flexible. [From L. -ibilis, another form of -abilis. See -ABLE.

-IC, adj. suffix, of or belonging to, as gigantic, public; also largely used as noun suffix, as logic, fabric. [L. -icus, -ica, -icum, Gr. -ikos; cf. Sans. -ika.] -ICAL, belonging to, as cubical. [-IC and -AL.]

-ICE, noun suffix, as chalice [Fr.-L. -ex, -icis]; novice [Fr.-L. -icius]. See an

other -ICE under -ESS, -ICE, -ISE. -ICS, lit. things that belong to a science, as mathematics. [In imitation of Gr. -ika, neuter pl. of adjs. in -ikos. See -IC.] -ID, noun suffix, as Nereid; also used in coining chemical words, as chloride, oxide, bromide [L. -id-, Gr. -id-, Fr. -ide]; also adj. suffix, as tepid, acid [L. -idus]. -IE, -Y, dim., as lassie. [From -ick, a weakened form of -OCK.]

-IER, one who, as cavalier.

66

[Fr. -ier;

usually appears in form -EER.] -IFF, adj. suffix, fit for, disposed to, as plaintiff (orig. adj. 'complaining"), fugitive, active, pensive. [Fr.-L. -ivus.] -ILE, able, as ductile. [L. -ilis, contr. of -ibilis; to be distinguished from -ILE (below). See -ABLE.]

-ILE, belonging to, as Gentile.__[L. ilis.] -IM, pl. suffix, as cherubim. [Heb. im.] -INA, fem. suffix, as czarina. [See -EN, fem.]

-INE, fem. suffix, as heroine. [See -EN, fem.]

-INE, -IN, noun suffix, as ravine, medicine, cousin; much used in chemical compounds, as iodine, glycerine, bromine; also adj. suffix, as divine. [L.-inus, -ina.] -ING, dim., as farthing. [The -ng is nasalized from Aryan dim. -ka (see -OCK).]

-ING, suffix of pr.p., as loving. [Corr. of A.S. inde, which, as also -ande and -ende, it replaced. See -ND, also -ANT, -ENT.]

-ING, suffix of verbal nouns, as learning. [A.S. -ung, Ger. -ung.]

merchandise. [Fr.-L. -itia.]

-EST, as in harvest, earnest. -EST, suffix of 2d. sing. in verbs, as bringest. [A.S. -ast, -est; L. -es, -isti; Gr. -si, -sthon. -s or -ST-2d per. pron., Gr. sy (su), L. tu, E. THOU.]

-EST, superl. suffix, formed from the compar. by adding -t, as smallest. [A.S. -est (in adjs.), -ost (in adverbs); L. -issimus, Gr. -istos, -stos, -tatos, Sans. -ishta.] -ET; -ETE, noun suffix, marking the agent, as prophet, poet, athlete. [L. -ēta, Gr. -ētēs.]

-ET, -ETTE, OT, dim., as cygnet, billet, etiquette, ballot. [Norm. Fr. -et, -ot, Fr. -et. -ette.]

-EUR. See under -OR.

-EVER, at any time, as whoever, every
one who. [See EVER in Dict.]
-FARE, way, as in welfare, chaffer. [See |
FARE in Dict.]

-FAST, as in steadfast, shamefaced. [A.S. fæst, firm, fast.]

-FOLD, as fourfold, manifold. [A.S. feald.]

-FUL, full of, as delightful.

adj. in Dict.]

[See FULL,

-FY, to make, as purify. [Fr. -fier L. fic-are, for fac-ere, to make.] -HEAD, -HOOD, state, nature, as Godhead, manhood. [From A.S. hâd, Ger. -heit, state; changed into HOOD; to be distinguished from HEAD of the body.]

[L. -io, -ionis.]

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499

-KIND, kind, race, as mankind. [See -KIN above, and KIN in Dict.]

-L, forming diminutives, appears in connection with various vowels, and from various sources, as in -EL, -ULE, -ER-EL, -LE, -L-ET, -L-ING, -C-LE, -C-ULE, as damsel, globule, mongrel, bundle, hamlet, duckling, follicle, molecule.

-LE, noun suffix, as bridle, beadle, riddle, shovel, nail. [A.S. -el, Ger. -el-Aryan -ar(-al)]; also adj. suffix, as idle, fickle, brittle, mickle [A.S. -el, -ol—Aryan -ra]. -LE, freq. and intens., as sparkle, settle, kneel.

-LENCE, -LENCY, forming abstract See [L. -l-entia, from -lens.

nouns.

-LENT, full of, as violent, virulent. [L. -LENT.] -l-entus.]

-LESS, free from, wanting, as guiltless, godless. [A.S. -leas, Ger. -los; from root of LOOSE and LOSE.]

-LET, dim., as streamlet. [From -L and -ET, dim.]

-LIKE, like, as godlike. [See LIKE in Dict.] -LING, dim., as darling; sometimes implying depreciation, as hireling. [Made up of -L and -ING.]

-LING, -LONG, adv. suffix, as darkling, sidelong. [A.S. -lunga, -linga.]

-LOCK. [See WEDLOCK and KNOWLEDGE in Dict.J

-LOCK, -LICK, a plant. [See HEMLOCK, GARLIC.]

-LY, adj. and adv. suffix, as manly, only. [The adj. suffix is from A.S. lic, E. LIKE; adv. is from lic-e, dat. of lic.]

-M, noun suffix, as bloom, steam, seam, fathom [A.S. -ma, -m]; as realm, crime, alum, regime [Fr.-L. -men].

-MEN, that which, state, as regimen, acumen. [Only in words borrowed from Latin. L.-men; Sans. -man. See -MENT, -MONY.]

-MENT, as nourishment, establishment, detriment. [L. -men-tu-m, Fr. -ment. See -MEN.]

-MONY, as testimony, parsimony. [L. -mon-iu-m, -mon-ia. See -MEN.] -MOST, suffix of superl. deg., as endmost. See MOST in Dict. [In most cases this suffix is not the word most, the m being part of the root, or an old superl. suffix, and -ost the superlative suffix, as in inmost-in-m-ost. See -EST, superl. suffix.] -N, as main, wagon. [Orig. -na, the suffix of passive past participles.]

-ISH, to make, as establish. [From Fr. pr.p. suffix -iss-ant; chiefly used in words from the Fr. The Fr. iss- is from L. -esc-, inceptive.]

-ISK, dim., as asterisk. [Gr. -iskos; conn. with -ISH, little. See -OCK.]

-ISM. -ASM, forming abstract nouns sig. condition, system, as egoism, deism, Cal- | vinism, laconism, pleonasm. [L. -ismus, -asmus-Gr. -ismos, -asmos.]

66

distance, decency. [Fr. -nce-L. -nt-ia.] -ND, as fiend (lit. hating"), friend (lit. loving "). [A.S. pres. p. suffix.] -NESS, abstract idea, as tenderness. [A.S. -nis, -nes, cog, with Ger. -niss.] -OCK, dim., as hillock. [A.S. -uca-Aryan, -ka. See -IE and -ING, dim.]

-OM, old dative suffix, now used as objective, as whom; in adverbs of time, as seldom. [A.S. -um.]

-ON, -EON, -ION, noun suffix, as capon, mason, truncheon, onion, clarion. [Fr. -L. -onem, -ionem.]

-IVE. See under -IFF.

-IX, fem. suffix, as testatrix. [L. -ix, -icis.
Conn. with -ESS, fem. suffix.]
-IZE, to make, as equalize. [Gr. -izo, L.
-ire, Fr. -iser.]

-K. freq. or intens., as hark, talk.
-KIN, dim., as lambkin; son of, as Wilkin.
[A double dim. suffix from -k (see -OCK),
and in (see -EN, dim.).]

balloon, saloon. [Fr. -on, It. -one.] OR, -OUR, -ER, denoting the agent, sometimes directly from L. (see -TOR), but mostly through Fr. -eur, and spelled originally -our, as emperor (old spelling emperour, Fr. empereur · L. impera torem); in others, E. -er has supplanted -eur, -our, as preacher (Fr. prêcheur-L. prædicatorem), while -or is at times affixed to E. roots, as sailor.]

-ORY, belonging to, as prefatory [L. -orius]; place where, as purgatory [L. -orium].

500

-OSE, full of, as verbose. [L. -osus. -OUS.]

-OT, dim., as ballot. [See -ET, dim.] -OUR. See -OR.

See

-OUS, adj. suffix, as religious, curious [L. -osus]; dubious, anxious [L. -us]. -OW, noun suffix, as shadow [from A.S. -u]; swallow [from A.S. -ewe]; marrow [from A.S. -h]; also adj. suffix, as narrow [from A.S. -u].

-PLE. See -BLE, fold.

-R, noun suffix, marking the instrument, as stair, timber; adj. suffix, as bitter. -RE, place, as here. [A.S. r, -ra, orig. a locative suffix.]

-RED, manner, state, as hatred, kindred.

[A.S. -ræden; cog. with Ger. -rath. See READ in Dict.]

-RIC, dominion, power, region, as bishopric. [A.S. rice, power. See RICH in Dict.]

-RIGHT, as upright, downright. [A.S. riht. See RIGHT in Dict.]

-S, adverbial suffix, as needs, always, once, hence, thence, whil-s-t, betwi-x-t. [A.S. es, gen. suffix.]

-'S, is the present genitive suffix.

[Short

for A.S. -es-Aryan -8 or sya, orig. a demons. pron. The () is prob. due to a false notion that this -8 was a relic of his.]

-S, -SE, verbal suffix, to make, as cla-s-p, cleanse, rinse.

-SHIP, -SCAPE,as friendship, stewardship, landscape. [A.S. -scipe, shape, formscapan, E. SHAPE; cog. with Ger. -schaft.] SIS, action or state, as thesis. [Gr. -sis.] SOME, full of, as gladsome, buxom, lissome. ¡A.S. -sum, Ger. -sam; a by-form of SAME. I

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-SY, state, as pleurisy. [Same as -SIS.]
-T. See -D.

T, -TE, adj. and noun suffix, as convent, fact, chaste, tribute. [L. -tus, pa.p. suffix; cog. with -D, pa.p. suffix.] -TEEN, ten to be added, as fourteen. [A.8. -tyne. Cf. -TY, ten to be multiplied.] -TER, noun suffix, as character. [Gr. -ter, L. -tor, Sans. -tri; perh. conn. with -ster.]

-TER, -THER, as in after, hither. [A.S. -der, -ther, old comparative suffix. See WHETHER in Dict.]

-TH, order, as sixth. [Becomes also-D; conn. with L. -tus, -tius, as in L. quartus, fourth.]

-TH, suffix of 3d sing. of verbs, now for the most part softened to -s. [A.S. from root -ta, which appears in L-t, Gr. -ti, -si, -tai, -to, and in THAT and THE (see Dict.).]

-TH, -T. See under -D (pa.p. suffix).
-THER, denoting the agent, as father,
mother. [From Aryan -tar, the agent.
Cf. -TOR.]

-THER. See -TER, ~THER.
-TOR, the agent, as conductor.

[From

Aryan -tar, the agent. See -THER, and cf. OR, OUR, -ER.]

-TOR-Y, SOR-Y, place, as dormitory.

See under -L.

-UM, neuter term., as medium. [L. um, Gr. -on.]

-UNCLE, little, dim., as peduncle. [L. -un-cu-lus, A.S. -incle; conn. with -EN and -CULE, diminutives.] -URE, act of, as capture; state of being, as verdure. [L. -ura.]

-URNAL, belonging to, as diurnal. [L. -urn-us and -AL; conn. with -ERN (in modern).]

-WARD, -WARDS, adj. and adv. suffix sig. direction, as homeward, homewards. [A.S. -weard, gen. -weardes, cog. with Ger. -wärts; conn. with A.S. weorthan, to be (see WORTH in Dict.), and L. versus-verto, to turn. Cf. FORWARD, FORWARDS in Dict.]

-WAY, -WAYS, adv. suffix, sig. manner, direction, as alway, always, straightway. [Cf. -WISE.]

-WISE, way, manner, as likewise, righteous. [A.S. -wis, Ger. wiss. See WISE, way, in Dict.]

-Y, adj. suffix, as spongy [from L. -iosus]; as jolly [Norm. Fr. if from L. -ivus (cf. -IVE)]; as silly, dirty, any [A.S. -ig; cog. with Ger. -ig, Goth. -ha, -ga, L. -cu-s, Gr. -ko-s].

-Y, noun suffix, as story, Italy [Fr. -ie, L. ia]; as joy, remedy [from L.-ium]; as ally, deputy [from L. -atus]; as progeny [trom Lies]; as body [from A.S. -igl

Lu-ci-us (lu'shi-us).

Lyc-a-ō'ni-a.

Lyc-i-a (lish'i-a).
Lyd'i-a.

Ly-sa'ni-as.

Lys-i-as (lish'i-as)

Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a.

Mes-si'ah.

Me-theg-am'mah.
Me-thu'se-lah.
Mi-ca'iah ('ya).
Mi'cha-el.

Mi-cha'iah ('ya).
Mid'i-an-ite.

Mi-le'tus.

Mir'i-am.

Mit-y-le'ne.

Miz'ra-im.

Oth'ni-el.

Pa-dan-a'ram. Pal'es-tine. Pam-phyl'i-a.

Ra-am'sēs ('sēz).

Rab'sha-keh.

Ra-math-a'im.

Ra-gu'el.

Ra-math-lē'hi. Ra-me'sēs ('sez).

Ra-moth-gil'e-ad.

Par'me-nas.

Re-bek'ah.

Par'thi-ans.

Re'chab-ītes.

Pē-rez-uz'zah.

Per'ga-mos.
Per'iz-zīte.

Per-si-a (per'shi-a).
Phal'ti-el.
Pha-raōh-hoph'ra.
(fa'ro or fā'ra-o).
Pha-raōh-ne'choh.
Phar'i-see.

Phe-nice.

Phe-nic'i-a (-nish). Phil-a-del'phi-a. Phi-lē'mon.

Phi-lē'tus.

Phi-lippi.

Phil'is-tine (-tin).
Phin'e-as.
Phryg'i-a (frj

Reph'a-im.

Rhe'gi-um (re'ji-).

Reph'i-dim.

Sa-ba'oth.

Sa-be'ans.

Sad'du-cees (-sēz).

Syr'i-a.

Zach-a-ri'as.

Sy-ro-phe-nic-i-an

Zal-mun'na.

(-nish'i-an).

Sal'a-mis.

Sal-mō'ne.

Sa-lō'mē.

Sa-ma'ri-a.

Sa-mar'i-tan.

Sam-o-thra'ci-a

(-thrā'shi-a).

Sam'ū-el.
San-bal'lat.

Sap-phi'ra (saf-fr).
Sa-rep'ta.

Scyth'i-an (sith).
Se-cun'dus.

Se-leu'ci-a ('shi-a).
Sen-nach'e-rib.
Seph'a-rad.

ACHATES, a-ka'těz, the armor-bearer and faithful friend of Æneas. ACHERON, ak'e-ron, a river of the lower world, round which the shades hover. ACHILLES, a-kil'lēz, the son of Peleus and Thetis, and the bravest of the Greeks in the war against Troy. He was invulnerable, except in his right heel, in which he was mortally wounded, through treachery, by Paris. His quarrel with Agamemnon is the subject of Homer's Iliad.

ACTÆON, ak-te'on, a famous hunter who, having accidentally seen Diana and her nymphs bathing, was changed by the goddess into a stag, and torn to pieces by his own dogs.

ADONIS, a-do'nis, a beautiful youth beloved by Venus. He was killed by a wild boar during the chase, and from his blood the anemone sprung. His worship was of Phoenician origin.

EACUS, ĕ'a-kus, one of the judges in Hades.

ÆGEUS, ē-jē'us, a king of Athens who, believing his son Theseus to have perished in his expedition against the Minotaur, threw himself into the sea, hence called the Ægean.

ENEAS, ē-ne'as, a Trojan prince, son of Anchises and Venus, the ancestral hero of the Romans, and as such the hero of Virgil's Eneid.

EOLUS, e'o-lus, the god and king of the winds, which he kept inclosed under a mountain.

ESCULAPIUS, es-kū-la'pi-us, son of Apollo, the "blameless physician" of Homer, killed by Jupiter, to keep men from escaping death altogether, and afterwards deified. His descendants had a secret and hereditary knowledge of the medical art. AGAMEMNON, ag-a-mem'non, son of Atreus, leader of the Greeks before Troy, murdered on his return home by Ægisthus, with the connivance of his own wife Clytemnestra.

AGANIPPE, ag-a-nip'pē, a fountain at the foot of Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses.

AGLAIA, a-gla'i-a, "the bright one," one of the Graces.

AJAX, a'jaks, son of Telemon, a Grecian

hero in the Trojan war, second only to Achilles in valor. Unsuccessful in his struggle with Ulysses for the armor of Achilles, he killed himself. ALCESTIS, al-ses'tis, wife of Admetis, died

in the stead of her husband, but was brought back to him from the lower world by Hercules. ALECTO, a-lek'to, one of the Eumenides or Furies.

AMMON, am'mon, a title of Jupiter.

AMPHION, am-fi'on, a king of Thebes who received from Hermes (Mercury) a lyre,

on which he played with such magic skill that the stones moved of their accord and formed the city wall.

AMPHITRITE, am-fi-trītē, the wife of Poseidon (Neptune), and mother of Triton. ANDROMACHE, an-drom'a-ke, the wife of Hector.

ANDROMEDA, an-drom'e-da, the daughter of an Ethiopian king, rescued from a seamonster by Perseus, who married her. ANTEUS, an-te'us, a giant overcome by Hercules.

APHRODITE, af-rō-di'tē, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, the mother of Eros (Cupid), identified with the Roman Venus.

APIS, a'pis, the bull worshipped by the Egyptians.

APOLLO, a-pol'lo, twin-son with Diana of Jupiter and Latona; the god of prophecy, of song, and of music. See PHOEBUS. ARACHNE, a-rak'nē, a Lydian maiden who challenged Athena to a trial of skill in spinning, and was by her changed into a spider.

ARES, a'rēz, the Greek form of Mars, god of war.

ARETHUSA, ar-e-thu'sa, one of the Nereids, and the nymph of a celebrated fountain near Syracuse.

ARGUS, arʼgus, the keeper with a hundred eyes, appointed by Hera to watch the cow into which Io had been changed. He was lulled to sleep and killed by Hermes, by command of Zeus. Hera gave his eyes to the tail of the peacock. ARIADNE, ar-i-ad'ne, daughter of Minos, king of Crete. She guided Theseus out of the labyrinth of Crete, but was abandoned by him at Naxos, and was afterwards married to Dionysus. ARION, a-ri'on, a famous Greek bard and cithara-player, who, when cast into the sea by robbers, was carried safe to land by a dolphin which he had charmed by his music.

ASCANIUS, as-kā'ni-us, the son of Æneas. ASTRÆA, as-tre'a, daughter of Zeus and

Themis, and the goddess of justice. She lived among men during the golden age. ATALANTA, at-a-lant'a, (1) of Boeotia, celebrated for her swiftness, conquered by Hippomenes or by Milanion in running, by the stratagem of dropping three golden apples in the race, and married by him. (2) of Arcadia, a sharer in the Calydonian boar-hunt, passionately loved by Meleager.

ATE, a'tē, the Greek goddess of mischief. ATHENA, a-thē'na, a Greek goddess, identified with the Roman Minerva. ATLANTIS, at-lant'is, a great and beautiful island in the Atlantic Ocean, sunk in the sea when its inhabitants became impious.

their conflict with Zeus. Being conquered, he was condemned to bear heaven on his head and hands. ATROPOS, at'ro-pos, "the inevitable," one of the Fates.

AURORA, aw-ro'ra, the Greek Eos, the goddess of the dawn.

AVERNUS, a-ver'nus, a lake near the entrance to the lower world-the lower world itself.

BACCHUS, bak'us, the god of wine, son of Jupiter and Semele, daughter of Cadmus. BELLEROPHON, bel-ler'o-fon, the rider of the winged horse Pegasus, and the destroyer of the Chimæra.

BELLONA, bel-lo'na, the Roman goddess of war, sister of Mars. BRIAREUS, bri'a-rūs, or ÆGEON, ē-jé'on, a giant with a hundred arms, the son of Uranus by Gaia. He aided Zeus in his struggle with the Titans. BUCEPHALUS, bu-sef'a-lus, the favorite charger of Alexander the Great. CACUS, kā'kus, son of Vulcan, a giant and

notorious robber. Having stolen the cattle of Hercules, he was killed by him. CADMUS, kad'mus, the mythical founder of Thebes in Boeotia, and the first to introduce alphabetic writing among the 'Greeks.

CALCHAS, kal'kas, the wisest of the Greek soothsayers at the siege of Troy. CALLIOPE, kal-lī’o-pe, the Muse of epic poetry.

CALYPSO, kal-ip'so, a nymph who inhabited the island of Ogygia, on which Ulysses was shipwrecked. She loved him, and delayed his voyage for seven years.

CASSANDRA, kas-san'dra, a daughter of Priam, king of Troy, beloved by Apollo, who gave her the gift of prophecy, but not of being believed. CASTOR, kas'tor, and POLLUX, pol'luks, twin-brothers, the former mortal, the latter immortal, who, from their love to each other, were placed by Jupiter as a constellation in heaven under the name of Gemini, "the twins." CECROPS, se'krops, the first king of Attica, and founder of the Cecropia or citadel at Athens.

CERBERUS, ser′ber-us, the three-headed dog that guarded the entrance to the lower world.

CERES, se'rēz, the Greek Demeter, goddess of agriculture, especially of corn, sister of Jupiter, and mother of Proserpine.

CHARON, ka'ron, the son of Erebus, ferried the souls of the dead over the rivers Acheron and Styx, receiving for this service the obolus placed in every corpse's mouth before burial.