ACTINOLOGY

ACTINOLOGY, ak-ti-nol'ō-ji, n. that branch of science which investigates the power of sunlight to cause chemical action. [Gr. aktis, aktinos, a ray, and logos, a discourse.] ACTINOPHOROUS, ak-ti-nof'or-us, adj. having ray-like spines. [Gr. aktis, aktinos, a ray, and phero, I carry.] ACTION, ak'shun, n. a state of acting: a deed operation: gesture: a battle: a lawsuit.

ACTIONABLE, ak'shun-a-bl, adj. liable to a lawsuit.

ACTIONLESS, ak'shon-les, adj. unfit to be made the subject of a legal action: not actionable.

ACTIVE, akt'iv, adj. that acts: busy: nimble (gram.) transitive.-adv. ACTIVELY.-ns. ACTIV'ITY, ACTIVENESS. ACTOR, akt'ur, n. one who acts: a stageplayer.

ACTRESS, akt'res, n. a female stageplayer.

ACTUAL, akt'u-al, adj. real: existing in fact and now, as opp. to an imaginary or past state of things.-adv. ACTUALLY. -n. ACTUAL'ITY.

ACTUAL, ak'tu-al, n. something actual or real. "Not... actuals, but only Egyptian budget estimates."-Fort. Rev. ACTUALIST, ak'tū-al-ist, n. one who deals with actualities: opposed to idealist. Grote.

ACTUALIZE, akt'ū-al-iz, v.t. to make actual.

ACTUARY, akt'u-ar-i, n. a registrar or clerk: one who makes the calculations connected with an insurance office. [L. actuarius (scriba), an amanuensis," a clerk.]

ACTUATE, akt'ū-āt, v.t. to put into or incite to action: to influence. [L. actus, action. See ACT.]

ACTURIENCE, ak-tü'ri-ens, n. a desire for action. Grote. (Rare.) [From act, and urio, the termination of Latin desiderative verbs.]

ACUMEN, ak-u'men, n., sharpness: quickness of perception: penetration. [L. See ACUTE.

ACUPRESS, ak'ü-pres, v.t. in surg. to stop hemorrhage in by means of acupressure. ACUPRESSURE, ak-u-presh'ur, n. a mode of arresting hemorrhage from cut arteries, by inserting a needle into the flesh so as to press upon the mouth of the artery. [L. acus, a needle, and PRESSURE.] ACUPUNCTURE, ak-u-pungkt'ūr, n. an operation for relieving pain by puncturing the flesh with needles. [L. acus, a needle, and PUNCTURE.] ACUTE, ak-ut', adj., sharp-pointed: keen: opp. of dull shrewd: shrill.-adv. ACUTELY, ak-ut'li.-n. ACUTE'NESS.ACUTE ANGLE, an angle less than a right angle.-ACUTE DISEASE, one violent and rapid, as opp. to CHRONIC. [L. acutus, pa.p. of acuo, to sharpen, from root ak, sharp.]

AD. or ADV., n. abbreviation of advertisement. (Amer.)

ADAGE, ad'aj, n. an old saying: a proverb. [L. adagium, from ad, to, and root of aio, to say.]

ADAMANT, ad'a-mant, n. a very hard stone: the diamond. [L. and Gr. adamas, -antos-a, neg., and damaō, to break, to tame. See TAME.] ADAMANTINE, ad-a-man'tin, adj. made of or like adamant: that cannot be

broken or penetrated. Also ADAMANTEAN. (Obs.) ADAMANTOID, ad-a-mant'oid, n. a crys

tal characterized by being bounded by forty-eight equal triangles. [Gr. adamos, the diamond, and eidos, resemblance.]

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ADAPT, ad-apt', v.t., to make apt or fit: to accommodate. [Fr., L. adaptare-ad, to, and apto, to fit.y ADAPTABLE, ad-apt'a-bl, adj. that may be adapted.-n. ADAPTABILITY. ADAPTATION, ad-apt-a'shun, n. the act of making suitable fitness. ADAYS, a-dāz', adv. nowadays: at the present time. [Pfx. a, on, and DAYS.] ADD, ad, v.t. to put (one thing) to (another): to sum up: with to, to increase. [L.-addo-ad, to, do, to put.] ADDENDUM, ad-den'dum, n., a thing to be added: an appendix.-pl. ADDEN'DA. [L. See ADD.]

ADDER, ad'er, n. a kind of serpent. [A. S. nædre; Ger. atter is for natter. An adder came by mistake into use for a nadder; the reverse mistake is a newt for an ewt or eft.] ADDICT, ad-dikt', v.t. to give (one's self) up to (generally in a bad sense). [L. addico, addictum-ad, to, dico, to declare.]

ADDICTED, ad-dikt'ed, adj. given up to. -ns. ADDICTEDNESS, ADDICTION. ADDITION, ad-dish'un, n. the act of adding the thing added: the rule in arithmetic for adding numbers together: title, honor.

ADDITIONAL, ad-dish'un-al, adj. that is added.

ADDLE, ad'dl, ADDLED, ad'dld, adj., diseased: putrid: barren, empty.-ADDLEHEADED, ADDLE-PATED, having a head or pate with addled brains. [A.S. adl, disease, orig. inflammation, from ad, a burning; akin to Lat. æstus, a glowing heat; Gr. aithos, a burning.] ADDRESS, ad-dres', v.t. to direct : to speak or write to: to court: to direct in writing.-n. a formal communication in writing a speech: manners: dexterity: direction of a letter:-pl. ADDRESS'ES, attentions of a lover. TO ADDRESS ONE'S SELF TO A TASK, to set about it. [Fr. adresser See DRESS, DIRECT.] ADDUCE, ad-dūs', v.t. to bring forward: to cite or quote. [L. adduco-ad, to, and duco, to bring.]

:

ADDUCIBLE, ad-dus'i-bl, adj. that may be adduced.

ADDUCTOR, ad-dukt'ur, n. a muscle which draws one part towards another. [See ABDUCTOR.]

ADEEM, a-dem', v.t. in law, to withdraw, revoke, or take away, as a grant, a leg. acy, or the like. [L. adimo, to take away.] ADEEP, a-dep', adv. deeply. "We shout so adeep down creation's profound."-E. B. Browning. (Rare.) ADENOPHOROUS, ad-e-nof'or-us, adj. in zool. and bot. bearing glands. [Gr. aden, a gland, and pherō, to bear.] ADEPT, ad-ept or ad'ept, adj. completely skilled.-n. a proficient. [L. adeptus (artem), having attained (an art), pa.p. of adipiscor, to attain-ad, to, and apiscor, Sans. ap, to attain.] ADEQUATE, ad'e-kwat, adj., equal to: proportionate sufficient. adv. AD'EQUATELY. [L. adæquatus, made equalad, to, and æquus, equal.] ADEQUATENESS, ad'e-kwat-nes, ADEQUACY, ad'e-kwa-si, n. state of being adequate sufficiency.

ADHÉRE, ad-her', v.i., to stick to: to remain fixed or attached. [L. ad, to, hæreo, hæsum, to stick.]

ADHERENCE, ad-her'ens, n. state of adhering: steady attachment. ADHERENT, ad-her'ent, adj. sticking to.n. one who adheres: a follower: a partisan.

ADHESION, ad-hē‍zhun, n. the act of adhering or sticking to: steady attachment. [See ADHERE.]

ADMINISTER

ADHESIVE, ad-hēs'iv, adj. sticky: apt to adhere.-adv. ADHESIVELY.-n. ADHES'IVENESS.

ADIAPHORIST, ad-i-af'o-rist, n. a follower of Melanchthon in the sixteenth century, who maintained that, in matters indifferent, charity was to be preferred to uniformity, and that obedience was due to the imperial power. The Adiaphorists also accepted the interim of Charles V. [See INTERIM, 2.] [Gr. adiaphora, indifferent or non-essential things.] ADIAPHORISTIC, ad-i-af-o-ris'tik, adj. of or pertaining to the Adiaphorists, or to the controversies between the followers of Luther and Melanchthon. ADIEU, a-dū', adv. (I commend you) to God: farewell.-n. a farewell. [Fr. à Dieu, to God.]

ADIPOSE, ad'i-pōz, adj. fatty. [L. adeps, adipis, soft fat.]

ADIPSOUS, a-dip'sus, adj. tending to quench thirst, as certain fruits. [Gr. priv. a, and dipsa, thirst.]

ADIT, ad'it, n. an opening or passage, esp. into a mine. [L. aditus-ad, to, eo, itum, to go.]

ADJACENT, ad-jās'ent, adj., lying near to: contiguous.-n. ADJACENCY, ad-jās'en-si, -adv. ADJACENTLY. [L. ad, to, jaceo, to lie.]

ADJECTIVE, ad'jekt-iv, n. a word added to a noun, to qualify it, or, rather perhaps, that adds some property to a noun. -adv. AD'JECTIVELY.-adj. ADJECTIV'AL [L. adjectivum (nomen), an added (noun) -adjicio, -jectum, to throw to, to `addad, to, jacio, to throw.]

ADJOIN, ad-join, v.i. to lie next to. [See JOIN.]

ADJOINING, ad-join'ing, adj. joining to: near adjacent.

ADJOURN, ad-jurn, v.t. to put off to an

other day to postpone. [Fr. ajourner -ad, to, and jour, day. See JOURNAL.] ADJOURNMENT, ad-jurn'ment, n. the act of adjourning the interval it causes. ADJUDGE, ad-juj', v.t. to decide. [See JUDGE.] ADJUDICATE, ad-joo'di-kāt, v.i. to pronounce judgment.-ns. ADJUDICA'TION, ADJUDICATOR. [See JUDGE.] ADJUNCT, ad'junkt, adj., joined or added to.-n. the thing joined or added. [L. See JOIN.]

ADJUNCTIVE, ad-junktiv, adj. joining.— ADJUNCTIVELY, ad junkt'iv-li, ADJUNCTLY, ad-junkt'li, adv. in connection with. ADJURATION, ad-jōōr-a'shun, n. the act of adjuring: the charge or oath used in adjuring.

ADJURE, ad-jōōr', v.t. to charge on oath or solemnly. [L.-ad, to, juro, -atum, to swear.]

ADJUST, ad-just', v.t. to arrange properly to regulate: to settle. [O. Fr. ajouster, Low L. adjuxtare, to put side by side-L. juxta, near: from root jug, seen in L. jungo, to join, E. YOKE.] ADJUSTMENT, ad-just'ment, n. arrange

ment.

ADJUTANCY, ad'joot-ans-i, n. the office of an adjutant: assistance. ADJUTANT, ad'joot-ant, n. an officer who assists the commanding officer of a garrison or regiment: a large species of stork or crane found in India.--ADJU TANT-GENERAL, an officer who performs similar duties for the general of an army. [L. adjuto-adjuvo-ad, to, juvo, to assist.] ADJUTATOR, ad'jū-ta-ter, n. [L. adjuto, to assist. See AGITATOR, 2.] ADMEASUREMENT, ad-mezh'ur-ment, n. the same as measurement. ADMINISTER, ad-min'is-ter, v.t. to act as server or minister in a performance: to

ADMINISTRATOR, ad-min-is-tra'tur, n. one who manages or directs: he who manages the affairs of one dying without making a will.-fem. ADMINISTRA'TRIX. -n. ADMINISTRAʼTORSHIP.

ADMIRABLE, ad'mir-a-bl, adj. worthy of being admired. — adv. AD'MIRABLY.—n. AD'MIRABLENESS.

ADMIRAL, ad mir-al, n. a naval officer of the highest rank. [Fr. amiral, from Ar. amir, a lord, a chief.]

ADMIRALTY, adʼmir-al ti, n. the board of commissioners for the administration of nava! affairs.

ADMIRATION, ad-mir-a'shun, n. the act of admiring: (obs.) wonder. ADMIRE, ad-mir', v.t. to have a high opin. ion of to love. -adv. ADMIR'INGLY. [Fr. admirer -L. ad, at, miror, to wonder.] ADMIRER, ad-mir'er, n. one who admires: a lover.

ADMISSIBLE, ad-mis'i-bl, adj. that may be admitted or allowed.-n. ADMISSIBILITY.

ADMISSION, ad-mish'un, ADMITTANCE, admit ans, n. the act of admitting: leave to enter. ADMISSIVE, ad-mis'iv, adj. having the nature of an admission: containing an admission or acknowledgment. "More admissive than excusatory."—Lamb. ADMIT, ad-mit', v.t. to allow to enter: to let in to concede: to be capable of :pr.p. admitt'ing: pa.p. admitt'ed. [L. admitto, -missum-ad, to, mitto, to allow to go.] ADMIXTURE, ak-miks'tur, n. what is added to the chief ingredient of a mixture.

ADMONISH, ad-mon'ish, v.t. to warn to reprove mildly. [L. ad, to, and moneo, to put into the mind, akin to Ger. mahnen, to remind; Gr. menos, spirit, mind; Sans. man, to think.] ADMONITION, ad-mon-ish'un, n. kind reproof: counsel: advice. Obsolete form in old authors, ADMONISHMENT. ADMONITORIAL, ad-mon-i-to'ri-a), adj. reproving admonishing: having the manner of an admonitor. "Miss Tox

has acquired an admonitorial tone, and a habit of improving passing Occasions."-Dickens. ADMONITORY, ad-mon'i-tor-i, adj. containing admonition. ADO, a-dōō', n. a to do: bustle: trouble. [Contr. of 'at do, a form of the inf. borrowed from the Scandinavian.] ADOBE, a-dōb', n. sun-baked brick used for building houses in New Mexico, and other parts of the Mexican border region. (Amer.)

ADOLESCENCE, ad-o-les'ens, n. the period of youth. ADOLESCENT, ad-o-les'ent, adj., growing to manhood. [L. ad, to, and olesco, to grow, allied to alo, to nourish.] ADONIS, a-do'nis, n. a kind of wig former

ly worn. "He puts on a fine flowing adonis or white periwig."-Graves. ADOPT ad-opt', v.t. to choose: to take as one's own what is another's, as a child, etc. [L. adopto-ad, to, and opto, to wish, choose.]

ADOPTABILITY, a-dopt-a-bil'i-ti, n. the state of being adoptable: the capability cf being adopted: also, that which can be adopted or made use of. "The select adoptabilities."-Carlyle.

ADOPTABLE, a-dopt'a-bl, adj. capable of,

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fit for, or worthy of being adopted. "The Liturgy or adoptable and generally adopted set of prayers."-Carlyle. ADOPTION, ad-op'shun, n. the act of adopting the state of being adopted. ADOPTIVE, ad-opt'iv, adj. that adopts or is adopted.

ADORABLE, ad-ōr'a-bl, adj. worthy of being adored.-adv. ADOR'ABLY.-n. ADOR'

ABLENESS.

ADORATION, ad-ōr-ā'shun, n. divine worship homage. ADORATORY, a-dōr a-to-ri, n. a place of worship: a church or chapel. Southey. ADORE, ad-ōr'. v.t. to worship, to love intensely.-adv. ADOR'INGLY. [L. ad, to, oro, to speak, to pray. See ORACLE.] ADORER, ad-or er, n. one who adores: a lover.

ADORN, ad-orn', v.t. to deck or dress. Also obsolete form of pa.p. ADORNED. [L. ad, to, orno, to deck: Sans. varna, color.] ADORNMENT, ad-orn'ment, n. ornament: decoration.

ADOWN, a-down', adv. and prep. down. [A.S. of-dune-of, from, dun, a hill. See DOWN, a bank.]

ADRIFT, a-drift', adj. or adv. floating as driven (by the wind): moving at random. [Lit. "on drift," a representing A.S. on, on. See DRIFT.] ADROIT, a-droit', adj. dexterous, skillful. -adv. ADROITLY, ã-droit'li.-n. ADROIT'NESS. [Fr. à, droit, right—L. directus, straight. See DIRECT.] ADSCITITIOUS, ad-sit-ish'us, adj., added or assumed: additional. [L. adscisco, -scitum, to take or assume-ad, to, scisco, to inquire-scio, to know.] ADSIGNIFICATION, ad'sig-nif-i-ka-shun, n. an additional signification. "And in this opinion (viz. that there is no adsig nification of manner or time in that which is called the indicative mood, no adsignification of time in that which is called the present participle) I am neither new nor singular."-Horne Tooke. ADULATION, ad-u-la'shun, n. fawning: flattery. [L. adulor, adulatus, to fawn upon.]

ADULATORY, ad'u-la-tor-i, adj. flattering. ADULT, ad-ult', adj., grown mature.-n. a grown-up person. [L. adultus-adolesco, to grow. See ADOLESCENT.] ADULTERATE, ad-ult'er-at, v.t. to corrupt to make impure (by mixing). [L. adultero-ad, to, alter, other; as if, to make other than genuine.] ADULTERATION, ad-ult-er-a'shun, n. the act of adulterating: the state of being adulterated.

ADULTERER, ad-ult'er-er, n. a man guilty of adultery.-fem. ADULT'ERESS. ADULTERINE, ad-ult'er-in, adj. resulting from adultery: spurious.- -n. the offspring of adultery.

ADULTEROUS, ad-ult'er-us, adj. guilty of adultery.

ADULTERY, ad-ult'er-i, n. violation of the

marriage-bed. [See ADULTERATE.] ADUMBRATE, ad-umbr'at or ad'-, v.t. to give a faint shadow of: to exhibit imperfectly.-n. ADUMBRATION. [L. ad, to, umbra, a shadow.]

ADUSK, a-dusk', adj. or adv. in the dusk or twilight: dark. "To die and leave the world adusk."-E. B. Browning. (Rare.)

ADVANCE, ad-vans', v.t. to put forward, or to the van: to promote to a higher office to encourage the progress of: to propose to supply beforehand.-v.i. to move or go forward: to make progress: to rise in rank.-n. progress: improvement a giving beforehand.-IN VANCE, beforehand. ADVANCED FEMALE, woman who claims the rights and

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AD

ADVISABLE

privileges of men as to voting, etc. Now fallen into disuse. (Amer.) [Fr. avancer -Prov. avant, abans, before-L. ab ante, from before.] ADVANCEMENT, ad-vans'ment, n. promotion improvement: payment of money in advance. ADVANTAGE, ad-vant'āj, n. superiority over another: gain or benefit.-v.t. to benefit or profit. [Fr. avantage, It. vantaggio-Fr. avant, before. See AD

VANCE.

ADVANTAGEOUS, ad-vant-a'jus, adj. of advantage: useful.-adv. ADVANTAGEOUSLY.-N. ADVANTAGEOUSNESS. ADVENT, ad'vent, n., a coming or arrival: the first or the second coming of Christ the four weeks before Christmas. [L. adventus-ad, to, venio, to come.] ADVENTITIOUS, ad-vent-ish'us, adj. accidental foreign.-adv. ADVENTI'TIOUSLY. [See ADVENT.] ADVENTUAL, ad-vent'u-al, adj. relating to Advent.

ADVENTURE, ad-vent'ur, n. a risk or chance: a remarkable incident: an enterprise.-v.i. to attempt or dare.v.t. to risk or hazard. [O. Fr.-L. adventurus, about to come or happen, fut.p. of advenio. See ADVENT.]

ADVENTURER, ad-vent'ur-er, n. one who engages in hazardous enterprises.-fem. ADVENTURESS.

ADVENTUROUS, ad vent'ūr-us, ADVENTURESOME, ad-vent'ūr-sum, adj. enterprising. -adv. ADVENTUROUSLY.—n. ADVENTUROUSNESS.

ADVERB, ad'verb, n. a word added to a verb, adjective, or other adverb to express some modification of the meaning or an accompanying circumstance. [L. adverbium--ad, to, verbum, a word. "It is so called, not because it is added to a verb, but because it is a word (verbum) joined to, or supplemental of, other words.]

ADVERBIAL, ad-verb'i-al, adj. pertaining to an adverb.-adv. ADVERB'IALLY. ADVERBIALIZE, ad-verb'i-al-iz, v.t. to give the form or force of an adverb to: to use as an adverb. ADVERSARY, ad'vers-ar-i, n. an

oppo

nent: an enemy.-THE ADVERSARY, Satan. [L. adversarius. See ADVERSE.] ADVERSATIVE, ad-vers'a-tiv, adj. denoting opposition, contrariety, or variety. [See ADVERSE.]

ADVERSE, ad'vers, adj. acting in a contrary direction: opposed to: unfortu nate.-adv. AD'VERSELY.-n. AD'VERSENESS. [L. adversus-ad, to, and verto, versum, to turn.]

ADVERSITY, ad-vers'i-ti, n. adverse cir cumstances: affliction: misfortune. ADVERT, ad-vert', v.i. (used with to) to turn the mind (to): to regard or ob serve. [L. ad, to, and verto, to turn.] ADVERTENCE, ad-vert'ens, ADVERT ENCY, ad-vert'en-si, n. attention to: heedfulness: regard.

ADVERTISE, ad-vert-iz' or ad'-, v.t., to turn attention to: to inform to give public notice of. [Fr., from L. See AD. VERT.]

ADVERTISEMENT, ad-vert'iz-ment or ad vert-iz'ment, n. the act of advertising or making known: a public notice in a newspaper or periodical. ADVERTISER, ad-vert-iz'er, n. one who advertises: a paper in which advertisements are published.

ADVICE, ad-vis', n. counsel: in pl. intelligence. [O. Fr. advis, Fr. avis-L. ad visum, according to what is seen or seems best.] ADVISABLE, ad-viz'a-bl, adj. that may be advised or recommended: prudent: ex

ADVISE, ad-viz', v.t. to give advice or counsel to to inform.-v.i. (― WITH) to consult: pr.p. advis'ing: pa.p. advised'. [O. Fr. adviser, from advis or avis. See ADVICE.]

ADVISE, ad-vize', v.i. to consider: to take advice. (Obs.)

ADVISED, ad-vizd', adj. deliberate: cautious.-adv. ADVISEDLY.-n. ADVISEDNESS, ad-viz'ed-nes, deliberate consideration: prudent procedure.

ADVISEMENT, ad-viz'ment, n. same as advice (Old English).

ADVISER, ad-viz'er, n. one who advises or gives advice.

ADVOCACY, ad'vo-ka-si, n. a pleading for: defence. [See ADVOCATE.] ADVOCATE, ad'vo-kāt, n. one who pleads the cause of another esp. in a court of law.v.t. to plead in favor of. ADVOCATION. [L. advocatus — advoco, -atum-ad, to, voco, to call to call in (another to help, as in a lawsuit or in sickness).]

― n.

ADVOWER, ad-vou'er, n. the owner of an advowson: a patron. [See ADVOWSON.] ADVOWSON, ad-vow'zun, n. the right of patronage or presentation to a church benefice. [O. Fr.-Low L. advocatio, right of the patron-L. advocatus, a patron.]

ADZ, ADZE, adz, n. a carpenter's tool consisting of a thin arched blade with its edge at right angles to the handle. [A.S. adesa.]

EDILE, e'dil, n. See EDILE. ÆDEOLOGY, ĕ-dē-ol'o-ji), n. that part of medical science which treats of the organs of generation: also, a treatise on or account of the organs of generation. [Gr. aidoia, the privy parts, and logos, a discourse.J

ÆGIS, e'jis, n. (orig.) a shield given by Jupiter to Minerva: anything that protects. [L.-Gr. aigis.]

ÆGITHOGNATHA e-gi-thog'na-the,n. pl. in Huxley's classification of birds, drawn from their osseous structure, a suborder of Carinatæ, having the bones of the palate disposed as in the sparrow and other passerine birds. [Gr. aigithos, a sparrow, and gnathos, the jaw.] EGITHOGNATHOUS, e-gi-thog'na-thus, adj. of or pertaining to the Ægithognathæ.

ENEID, e'ne-id, n. an epic poem written by Virgil, the hero of which is Æneas. [L. Eneis, -idos.]

EOLIAN, e-o'li-an, adj. pertaining to or acted on by the wind. [Æolus, the god of the winds.]

ÆOLOTROPIC, e-ol-o-trop'ik, adj. applied to bodies unequally elastic in different directions: opposed to isotropic. Sir W. Thompson. Gr. aiolos, changeful, and trope, a turning.]

ÆON, e'on, n. a period of time,an age or one of a series of ages, eternity. [Gr. aiōn.] AERATE, a'er-at, v.t. to put air into: to supply with carbonic acid. [L. aër, air.] | AERATION, a-er-a'shun, n. exposure to the air.

AERIAL, ā-ēr'i-al, adj. belonging to the air inhabiting or existing in the air: elevated, lofty.

AERIE, a'ri or ĕ'ri, n. See EYRY. AERIFORM, a'er-i-form, adj. having the form or nature of air or gas. [L. aër and forma.]

AEROKLINOSCOPE, a-er-o-klın'ō-skōp, n. an apparatus constructed to show the direction of the wind in connection with the barometric pressure. [Gr. aer, air, klinō, to bend or incline, and skopeo, Í view.]

[Gr. aer, air, lithos, a stone.] AEROMETER, a-er-om'e-ter, n. an instrument for measuring the density of air and gases. [Gr. aer, and METER.] AERONAUT, a'er-o-nawt, n. one who ascends in a balloon. [Gr. aēr, air, nautēs, sailor.]

AERONAUTICS, a-er-o-nawt'iks, n. the science or art of navigating the air in balloons.

ÆROSE, e'rōs, adj. having the nature of or resembling copper or brass: coppery. [Larosus, containing brass or copper.] AEROSIDERITE, ā-er-ō-sid'er-it, n. an iron meteorite. [Gr. aēr, air, and sidēros, iron.] AEROSIDEROLITE, &-er-o-sid'er-o-lit, n. a meteor containing both stone and iron. [Gr. aer, air, sidēros, iron, and lithos, a stone.] AEROSTATICS, a-er-o-stat'iks, n. the science of the equilibrium of air or of elastic fluids; the science of raising and guiding balloons. [Gr. aer, air, statikos, relating to equilibrium. See STATICS.] AEROSTATION, ã-er-ō-sta'shun, n. the art of raising and guiding balloons. ÆSTHEMATOLOGY, es-the-ma-tol'o-ji, n. the doctrine of the senses, or the apparatus of the senses: that part of physiological anatomy which treats of the senses. Dunglison. [Gr. aisthēma, a perception, and logos, discourse.] ESTHESIOLOGY, es-the-si-ol'o-ji, n. the doctrine or branch of knowledge_concerned with the sensations. Dunglison. [Gr. aisthesis, perception, and logos, discourse.]

ASTHESODIC, es-the-sod'ik, adj. capable of conducting sensation: said of the gray matter of the spinal cord, which can convey sensory impressions to the sensorium though itself insensibie. [Gr. aisthesis, sensation, and hodos, a path.] ÆSTHETE, es'thet, n. one devoted to the principles or doctrines of æsthetics: specifically applied in a semi-contemptuous way to one who carries the cultivation of the sense of the beautiful to a ridiculous extent. ÆSTHETIC, es-thet'ik, ESTHETICAL, ESthet'ik-al, adj. pertaining to æsthetics.adv. ESTHETICALLY. ESTHETICS, es-thet'iks, n. the feeling of beauty in objects, the science of taste: the philosophy of the fine arts. [Gr. aisthetikos, perceptive-aisthanomai, to feel or perceive.]

AFAR, a-far', adv., at a far distance. [Pfx. a, and FAR.]

AFFABLE, af'fa-bl, adj. condescending: easy to speak to.-adv. AFFABLY.-ns. AFFABILITY, AFFABLENESS. [Fr.-L. affabilis-affari, to speak to-ad, to, and fari, to speak.]

AFFAIR, af-far', n., that which is to be done: business: an engagement or battle of minor importance :—pl. transactions in general: public concerns. [Fr. affaire, O. Fr. afaire-d and faire-L. ad, and facer, to do. Cf. E. ADO.] AFFECT, af-fekt', v.t., to act upon: to produce a change upon to move the feelings. [L. afficio, affectum-ad, to, facio, to do.]

AFFECT, af-fekt', v.t. to strive after: to make a show or pretence of: to love: (B.) to pay court to.-v.i. to be inclined to: to prefer. (Obs.) [L. affecto, freq. of afficio. See AFFECT above] AFFECTATION, af-fekt-a'shun, n. a striving after or an attempt to assume what is not natural or real: pretence. AFFECTED, af-fekt'ed, adj. touched with a feeling (either for or against): full of affectation: feigned.-adv. AFFECTEDLY. -n. AFFECT'EDNESS.

AFFECTING, af-fekt'ing,

adj. having power to move the passions: pathetic.adv. AFFECT'INGLY. AFFECTION, af-fek'shun, n. kindness or love: attachment: an attribue or property. [L. See AFFECT.] AFFECTIONATE, af-fek'shun-at, adj. full of affection: loving.-adv. AFFECTION ATELY.-N. AFFECTIONATENESS. AFFECTIONED, af-fek'shund, adj. (B.) disposed.

AFFERENT, af'fer-ent, adj. (anat.) bringing to, applied to the nerves that convey sensations to the nerve centres. [L. afferens-ad, to, and fero, to carry.] AFFIANCE, af-fi'ans, n., faith pledged to: marriage contract: trust.-v.t. to pledge faith to betroth. [O. Fr. affiano, It. affidanza, confidence-L. ad," to, fides, faith.]

AFFIDAVIT, af-fi-da'vit, n. a written declaration on oath. Low L. affidavit, 3d pers. sing. perf. of ido, to pledge one's faith.] AFFILIATE, af-fil'i-at, v.t. to receive into a family as a son, or into a society as a member. [L. ad, to, filius, a son.] AFFILIATION, af-fil-i-a'shun, n act of receiving into a family or society as a member: (law) the assignment of an illegitimate child to its father. AFFINITION, af-fi-ni'shon, n. the state or quality of being_affined: mental affinity or attraction. (Rare.) AFFINITY, af-fin'i-ti, n. nearness of kin, agreement, or resemblance: relationship by marriage, opposed to consanguinity or relationship by blood: (chem.) the peculiar attraction between the atoms of two simple substances that makes them combine to form a compound. [L. affinitas -affinis, neighboring neighboring ad, at, finis, boundary.]

AFFIRM, af-ferm', v.t. to assert confidently or positively. [L. affirmo—ad, firmus, firm. See FIRM.]

AFFIRMABLE, af-ferm'a-bl, adj. that may be affirmed.-n. AFFIRM'ANT. AFFIRMATION, af-fer-ma'shun, n. act of asserting that which is affirmed: a solemn declaration.

AFFIRMATIVE, af-ferm'at-iv, adj. or n. that affirms or asserts.-adv. AFFIRM'ATIVELY.

AFFIX, af-fiks', v.t., to fix to: to add: to attach. [L. affigo, -fixum—ad, to, figo, to fix. See FIX.]

AFFIX, af'fiks, n. a syllable or letter put to the end of a word, called also POSTFIX, SUFFIX.

AFFLATUS, af-fla'tus, n. inspiration. [See INFLATION.]

AFFLICT, af-flikt', v.t. to give continued pain, distress, or grief.-pa.p. afflicted, beaten down. (Obs.) [L. ad, to, fligo, to dash-to the ground.]

AFFLICTION, af-flik'shun, n. distress or its cause.

AFFLICTIVE, af-flikt'iv, adj. causing distress.

AFFLUENCE, af'floo-ens, n. abundance: wealth.

AFFLUENT, af'flōō-ent, adj. abounding: wealthy.-n. a stream flowing into a river or lake. [L. affluo—ad, to, fluo, to flow.]

AFFORD, af-fōrd', v.t. to yield or produce to be able to sell or to expend. [M. E. aforthen, from A.S. geforthian or forthian, to further or cause to come forth.] AFFRAY, af-frā', n. a fight causing alarm: a brawl. [Fr. effrayer, to frighten; O. Fr. esfreër, to freeze with terror-Low L exfrigidare, to chill. See FRIGID.] AFFRIGHT, af-frit', v.t., to frighten.n. sudden fear. [A.S. afyrhtan. See FRIGHT.]

AFFRONT

AFFRONT, af-frunt', v.t. to meet front to front to insult openly.-n. contemptuous treatment. [Fr. affronter-L. ad, to, front-, the forehead.] AFFÜSION, af-fü'zhun, n. the act of pouring upon or sprinkling. [L. ad, to, fundo, fusum, to pour.] AFIELD, a-feld', adv. to, in, or on the field.

AFLOAT, a-flōt', adv. or adj. floating: at sea: unfixed.

AFLOW, a-flo', adj. or adv. in a loose, waving state: flowing. With gray hair aflow."-Whittier. (Rare.) AFOOT, a-foot', adv., on foot. AFORE, a-fōr', prep. (obs.) before. AFOREHAND, a-for'hand, adv. before the regular time of accomplishment: in ad

vance.

AFORESAID, a-fōr'sed, adj., said or named before.

AFORETIME, a-fōr'tim, adv., in former or past times.

AFRAID, a-frad', adj. struck with fear: timid. [From root of AFFRAY.] AFRESH, a-fresh', adv. anew. [a, on, and FRESH.]

AFRICANDER, afʼrik-an-der, n. a native

of Cape Colony or the neighboring regions born of white parents. AFRICANIZE, af'rik-an-ize, v.t. to place under the control of African negroes. (Amer.)

AFT, aft, adj. or adv. behind: near or towards the stern of a vessel. [A.S. æft, which is short for æfter.]

AFTER, aft'er, adj. behind in place: later in time: more toward the stern of a ves

sel.-prep. behind, in place: later, in time following, in search of: in imitation of in proportion to: concerning. adv. subsequently afterward. [A.S. æfter, comp. of af, or of, the primary meaning being more off, further away; -ter as a comparative affix is seen in L. al-ter, E. o-ther. See OF.] AFTERACT, aft'er-akt, n. an act after or subsequent to another. AFTERBIRTH, aft'er-berth, n. the placenta and membranes which are expelled from the womb after the birth. AFTERCLAP, aft'er-klap, n. an additional and generally unjust demand, beyond the bargain originally made. (Amer.) AFTERCROP, aft'er-krop, n., a crop coming after the first in the same year. AFTER-DINNER, aft'er-din-er, adj. happening or done after dinner; as, after-dinner speech: sometimes used substantively "An after-dinner's nap.” -Tennyson.

an

In after-dinner talk Across the walnuts and the wine.-Tennyson. AFTERMATH, aft'er-math, n. a second crop of grass. [See Mow, MEADOW.] AFTERMOST, aft'er-mōst, adj. hindmost. [A.S. æftemest; Goth. af-tuma, -tuma, being equiv. to L. -tumus in op-tumus, best. Goth. has also af-tum-ists=A.S. æf-tem-est, which is thus a double superlative. In aftermost, r is intrusive and -most is not the adv. most.] AFTERNIGHT, aft'er-nit, adv. in the evening. (Amer.)

AFTERNOON, aft'er-nōōn, n. the time between noon and evening. AFTERPIECE, aft'er-pēs, n. a farce or other minor piece performed after a play.

AFTER-SHAFT, aft'er-shaft, n. in ornith. a supplementary or accessory shaft furnished with barbs or fibres, given off at the point of junction of the shaft and quill of most feathers except those of the wings and tail.

AFTERWARD, aft'er-ward, AFTERWARDS, aft'er-wardz, adv. in after-time later:

8

subsequently. [A.S. æfter, and weard, towards, in direction of.]

AGA, a'ga, n. a Turkish commander or chief officer. [Turk. agha, Pers. ak, aka, a lord.]

AGAIN, a-gen', adv. once more: in return back. [A.S. on-gean, again, opposite; Ger. ent-gegen.] Also pronounced a-gan', at least in poetry, as evidenced by following passages.

When she was eased of her pain.
Came the good lord Athelstane,
When her ladyship married again.-Thackeray.
O that 'twere possible

After long grief and pain

To find the arms of my true love Round me once again!-Tennyson. AGAINST, a-genst', prep. opposite to: in opposition to: in provision for. [Formed from again, as whilst from while.]

AGAPE, a-gap', adj. or adv. gaping from wonder, expectation, or attention. [Lit. on gape, from prefix a (for A.S. on, on), and GAPE.]

66

AGATE, ag'at, n. a precious stone composed of layers of quartz, of different tints. [Gr. achatēs, said to be so called because first found near the river Achates in Sicily.]

AGE, aj, n. the ordinary length of human life: the time during which a person or thing has lived or existed: mature years legal maturity (at 21 years): a period of time: a generation of men: a century.-v.i. to grow old :—pr.p. āgʻing; pa.p. aged. [Fr. âge, O. Fr. edage-L. atas-old L. ævitas-L. ævum, age; cog. with E. EVER.]

AGED, āj'ed, adj. advanced in age: having a certain age.-n.pl. old people. AGEING, aj'ing, n. in calico-printing, a process during which the color previously deposited on the outside of the fibre gradually penetrates it and becomes more firmly attached. AGENCY, aj'ens-i, n. the office or business: operation or action of an agent. AGENDA, aj-end'a, n., things to be done : a memorandum-book: a ritual. [L. agendus, fut. p. pass. of ago, to do.] AGENT, aj'ent, n. a person or thing that acts or exerts power: one intrusted with the business of another. [L. ago, to do. See ACT.]

AGGLOMERATE, ag-glom'er-at, v.t. to make into a ball: to collect into a mass. -v.i. to grow into a mass. [L. glomus, glomeris, a ball. See CLEW, GLOBE.] AGGLOMERATION, ag-glom-er-ā'shun, n. a growing or heaping together: a mass. AGGLUTINATE, ag-gloot'in-at, v.t. to cause to adhere by glue or cement. [L. agglutino-ad, to, gluten, glue. See GLUE.]

TION

AGGLUTINATION, ag-glōōt-in-ā'shun, n. the act of uniting, as by glue: adhesion of parts.

AGGLUTINATIVE, ag-glōōt'in-āt-iv, adj. tending to or having power to cause adhesion.

AGGRANDIZE, ag'grand-iz, v.t., to make great or larger: to make greater in power, rank, or honor. [Fr., from L. ad, to, and grandis, large.] AGGRANDIZEMENT, ag-grand-iz'ment, n. act of aggrandizing: state of being aggrandized.

AGGRAVATE, ag'grav-at, v.t. to make worse to provoke. [L. ad, to, gravis, heavy. See GRAVE.]

AGGRAVATION, ag-grav-a'shun, n. a making worse: any quality or circumstance which makes a thing worse. AGGREGATE, ag'greg-at, v.t. to collect into a mass to accumulate. [L. aggrego, -atum, to bring together, as a flock-ad, to, grex, gregis, a flock.]

AGRAFFE

AGGREGATE, ag'greg-at, adj. formed of parts taken together.-n. the sum total. -adv. AG'GREGATELY. AGGREGATION, ag-greg-a'shun, n. act of aggregating: state of being collected together: an aggregate. AGGRESSION, ag-gresh'un, n. first act of hostility or injury. [L. aggredior, -gressus -ad, to, gradior, to step.]

AGGRESSIVE, ag-gres'iv, adj. making the first attack.-n. AGGRESS'IVENESS. AGGRESSOR, ag-gres'ur, n. one who at tacks first.

AGGRIEVE, ag-grev', v.t. to press heavily upon to pain or injure. [O. Fr. agrever, Sp. agraviar-L. ad, to, and gravis, heavy. See GRIEF, GRIEVE.] AGHAST, a-gast', adj. stupefied with horror. [Properly agast; M. E. agasten, to terrify; A.S. intens. pfx. a, and gæstan, to terrify. The primary notion of the root gas- (Goth. gais-) is to fix, stick; to root to the spot with terror. See GAZE.]

AGILE, aj'il, adj., active: nimble. [L. agilis-ago, to do or act.]

AGILITY, aj-il'i-ti, n. quickness of motion:

nimbleness.

AGIO, a'ji-o, n. the difference in value between metallic and paper money: discount. [It. aggio, agio, rate of exchange, same as agio, ease, convenience.] AGITATE, aj'i-tāt, v.t. to keep moving: to stir violently: to discuss. [L. agito, freq. of ago, to put in motion. See Аст.] AGITATION, aj-i-ta'shun, n. commotion : perturbation of mind: discussion. AGITATOR, aj'i-tat'ur, n. 1, one who excites public commotion: 2, a name given to certain officers in the time of Cromwell appointed by the army to manage their concerns. There were two from each regiment. [In this sense the proper spelling is probably Adjutator, meaning not one who agitates but one who assists.] "They proceeded from those elective tribunes called agitators, who had been established in every regiment to superintend the interests of the army." -Hallam.

AGLOW, a-glō', adj. very warm: red-hot. [See GLOW.]

AGMATOLOGY, ag-ma-tol'o-ji, n. ¡n sury.

that department of the science which treats of fractures; also, a treatise on fractures. [Gr. agma, agmatos, a fracture, and logos, a discourse.] AGMINATE, ag'min-at, AĞMINATED, ag'min-at-ed, adj. crowded closely packed: specifically applied in anat. to certain glands or follicles in the small intestine. Called also Peyer's Glands. [L. agmen, agminis, a crowd, a band.] AGNATE, ag'nāt, adj. related on the father's side: allied.-n. a relation by the father's side. [L.-ad, to, nascor, to be born. See COGNATE.] AGNOSTIC, ag-nos'tik, n. one who holds that we know nothing of the supernatural.-n. AGNOSTICISM. [a, privative, and Gr. gnostikos, good at knowing. See GNOSTIC.] AGO, a-go', AGONE, a-gon', adv., gone: past since. [Pa.p. of A.S. agan, to pass away-inten. pfx. a, and gan, to go.] AGOG, a-gog', adj. or adv. eager. [Ety. doubtful.]

AGOING, a-gō'ing, adv., going on: current. AGONIZE, ag'o-niz, v.t. to struggle, suffer agony.

AGONIZING, ag'ō-niz-ing, adj. causing agony.-adv. AG'ONIZINGLY. AGONY, ag'o-ni, n. a violent struggle: extreme suffering. [Gr.-agon, contest.] AGRAFFE, AGRAFF, a-graf', n. a sort of clasp or hook. "An agraffe set with

brilliants."-Sir W. Scott. [Fr. agrafe, | AIL, ăl, v.t. to give pain: to trouble.-v.i.

a hook, a clasp. See AGGRAPPES.] Braided tresses, and cheeks of bloom, Diamond agraff and foam-white plume.-Landor. AGRAPHIA, a-graf'i-a, n. in pathol. a form of aphasia, in which the patient is unable to express ideas by written signs. [Gr. a, priv., and graphō, to describe, to write. See APHASIA.]

AGRARIAN, ag-ra'ri-an, adj. relating to land: applied especially to Roman laws for the equal distribution of the public lands. [L. agrarius—ager, a field. See ACRE.]

AGRARIANISM, ag-ra'ri-an-izm, n. an equal division of lands.

AGREE, a-grē', v.i. to be of one mind: to
concur: (fol. by to) to assent to: (fol. by
with) to resemble, to suit :-pa.p. agreed'.
[Fr. agréer, to accept kindly-L. ad, to,
and gratus, pleasing.]

AGREEABLE, a-gre'a-bl, adj. suitable :
pleasant.-adv. AGREEABLY.
AGREEABLENESS, a-grē'a-bl-nes, n. suit- |
ableness: conformity: quality of pleas-
ing.
AGREEMENT, a-grè'ment, n. concord:
conformity: a bargain or contract.
AGRICULTURAL, ag-ri-kult'ūr-al, adj.
relating to agriculture.
AGRICULTURE, agʻri-kult-ùr, n. the art
or practice of cultivating the land. [L.
agricultura-ager, a field, cultura, culti-
vation. See CULTURE.]
AGRICULTURIST, ag-ri-kult'ür-ist, n. one
skilled in agriculture.
AGRIN, a-grin', adj. or adv. in the act or
state of grinning: on the grin. "His
visage all agrin."-Tennyson.
AGRIŎLOGIST, ag-ri-ol'o-jist, n. one who
makes a comparative study of human
customs, especially of the customs of man
in a rude or uncivilized state. Max Mül-
ler. [Gr. agrios, pertaining to a wild state,
and logos, a discourse.]

AGRIOLOGY, ag-ri-ol'o-ji, n. the com-
parative study of the customs of man in
his natural state.

AGRONOMIAL, ag-rō-no'mi-al, adj. same
as AGRONOMIC. Lord Lytton.
AGROPE, a-grōp', adv. gropingly. E. B.
Browning.

AGROUND, a-grownd', adv. stranded.
[Prefix a, on, and GROUND.]
AGRYPNOTIC, ag-rip-not'ik, n. in med.
something which tends to drive away
sleep. [Gr. agrypnos, sleepless.]
AGUE, ā'gū, n. a fever coming in period-
ical fits, accompanied with shivering:
chilliness. [Fr. aigu, sharp-L. acutus.
See ACUTE.

AGUISH, a'gu-ish, adj. having the quali-
ties of an ague: chilly: shivering.
AH, ä, int. an exclamation of surprise,
joy, pity, complaint, etc. [Fr.-L.; Ger.
ach.]

AHA, ä-hä', int. an exclamation of exulta

tion, pleasure, surprise, or contempt. AHEAD, a-hed', adv. further on: in advance headlong.. [Prefix a, on, and HEAD.]

AHOY, a-hoi', int. a nautical term used in
hailing. [Form of int. Hoy.]
AHULL, a-hul', adv. (naut.) with sails
furled, and helm lashed, driving before
the wind, stern foremost. [a, on (—A.S.
on, and HULL.]
AID, ad, v.t. to help, assist.-n. help: as-
sistance: an auxiliary subsidy. — adj.
AID'LESS. [Fr. aider-L. adjutare-ad,
and juvo, jutum, to help.]
AIDE-DE-CAMP, ad'-de-kong, n. a mili-
tary officer who assists the general:-
pl. AIDES-DE-CAMP. [Fr., assistant of the
camp.]

AIDER, ad'er, n. one who brings aid: a helper.

to feel pain: to be in trouble.-n. trouble: indisposition. [A.S. eglan, to pain. See AWE.]

AILMENT, al'ment, n. pain: indisposition: disease.

AIM, ām, v.i. (with at) to point at with a weapon: to direct the intention or endeavor.-v.t. to point, as a weapon or firearm.-n. the pointing of a weapon: the thing pointed at: design: intention. [O. Fr. esmer, to reckon-L. æstimare, to estimate. See ESTIMATE.] AIMLESS, am'les, adj. without aim. AINO, î'nō, n. one of a tribe found in the interior of Yesso, in the south of Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands, supposed to be the remains of the aboriginal population. They are remarkable for their hirsuteness, in many cases the bodies, and still more frequently the legs and arms, being covered with short, bristly hair. The word is also used adjectively. AIR, är, n. the fluid we breathe: the atmosphere: a light breeze: a tune: the bearing of a person:-pl. affectation.v.t. to expose to the air: to dry: to expose to warm air. [Fr.-L. aër-Gr.] AIR-BED, ar'-bed, n. a bed for the sick, inflated with air.-AIR-CELL, ar'-sel, n. a cavity containing air.-AIR-CUSHION, ār'koosh'un, n. an air-tight cushion, which can be inflated.-AIR-ENGINE, ār'-en'jin, n. an engine put in motion by air expanded by heat.-AIR-GUN, ār'-gun, n. a gun which discharges bullets by means of compressed air. -AIRINESS, ār'i-nes, n. state of being airy: openness: liveliness.-AIRING, ar'ing, n. exposure to the air or fire: a short excursion in the open air.-AIR-JACKET, ar'-jak'et, n. a jacket with air-tight cavities, which being inflated renders a person buoyant in water. -AIRLESS, ār'les, adj. void of air: not having free communication with the open air.-AIR-PUMP, ār'-pump, n. an instrument for pumping the air out of a vessel.-AIR-TIGHT, ar'-tit, adj. so tight as not to admit air.-AIR-VESSEL, ar'ves'el, n. a vessel or tube containing air. AIRWARDS, ār'werds, adv. up in the air: upwards. "Soar airwards again."Thackeray.

AIRY, ar'i, adj. consisting of or relating to air: open to the air: like air: unsubstantial light of heart: sprightly.-adv. AIR'ILY.

AISLE, il, n. the wing or side of a church : the side passages in a church. [Fr. aile, O. Fr. aisle-L. axilla, ala, a wing.] AISLED, ild, adj. having aisles. AJAR, a-jär', adv. partly open. [Lit. "on the turn," A.S. on, on, cyrr, a turn. See CHAR, work.]

AKE, old English spelling of ache. AKIMBO, a-kim'bo, adv. with hand on hip

and elbow bent outward. [Pfx. a, Celt. cam, crooked, with superfluous E. Bow.] AKIN, a-kin', adj., of kin related by blood: having the same properties. [OF and KIN.]

AKKAD, ÅKKADIAN. See ACCAD, AcDIA

CADIAN.

ALABASTER, al'a-bas-ter, n. a semi-transparent kind of gypsum or sulphate of lime: the fine limestone deposited as stalagmites and stalactites.-adj. made of alabaster. [Gr. alabastros, said to be derived from Alabastron, a town in Egypt.]

ALACK, a-lak', int. an exclamation denoting sorrow. [Prob. from M. E. lak, loss. See LACK.]

ALACK-A-DAY, a-lak'-a-dā, int. an exclamation of sadness. [For, "ah! a loss today."]

ALACRITY, a-lakʼri-ti, n. briskness: cheer

ALCOHOLIZE

ful readiness: promptitude. [L. alacris, brisk.]

ALAMODE, a-la-mod', adv., according to the mode or fashion. [Fr. à la mode.] ALARM, a-lärm', n. notice of danger: sudden surprise with fear: a mechanical contrivance to arouse from sleep.-v.t. to call to arms to give notice of danger : to fill with dread. [Fr. alarme—It. all' arme, to arms-L. ad, to, arma, arms.] ALARMIST, a-lärm'ist, n. one who excites alarm: one given to prophesying danger. — adj. ALARM'IST, alarming. — adv. ALARM'INGLY. Same as

ALARUM, a-lär'um, n. and v.t.
ALARM.

ALAS, a-las', int. expressive of grief. [Fr. hélas-L. lassus, wearied.]

ALB, alb, n. a white linen vestment reaching to the feet, worn by priests. [L. albus, white.]

ALBANY-BEEF, awlb-ny-bef', n. the sturgeon, a fish which ascends the Hudson river as far as Albany, and a part of whose flesh resembles beef. (Amer.) ALBATROSS, al'ba-tros, n. a large, longwinged, web-footed sea-bird, in the Southern Ocean. [Corr. from Span. alcatraz, a white pelican.]

ALBEIT, awl-be'it, adv. although: notwithstanding. [Be it all.] ALBESCENCE, al-bes'ens, n. the act or state of growing white or whitish. [L. albesco, to grow white, from albus, white.] ALBINO, al-bi'no, n. a person or animal whose skin and hair are unnaturally white, and pupil of the eye red:-pl. ALBI'NOS. [It. albino, whitish-L. albus, white.]

ALBUM, al'bum, n. among the Romans, a white tablet or register: a book for the insertion of portraits, autographs, etc. [L. albus, white.] ALBUMEN, al-bu'men, n., the white of eggs a like substance found in animal and vegetable bodies. [L.-albus, white.] ALBUMINIFORM, al-bu-min'i-form, adj. formed like or resembling albumen. ALBUMINIMETER, al-bu-mi-nim'e-ter, n. an instrument for measuring the quan-tity of albumen contained in any substance.

ALBUMINOID, al-bu'min-oid, adj. like al

bumen. [ALBUMEN and Gr. eidos, form.] ALBUMINOUS, al-bu'min-us, adj. like or containing albumen.

ALBURNUM, al-burn'um, n. in trees, the white and soft parts of wood between the inner bark and the heart-wood. [L.albus, white.]

ALCALDE, al-kal'da, n., a judge. [Sp.Ar. al-kadi-kadaj, to judge.] ALCHEMIST, al'kem-ist, n. one skilled in alchemy.

ALCHEMY, ALCHYMY, al'ki-mi, n. the infant stage of chemistry, as astrology was of astronomy. A chief pursuit of the alchemists was to transmute the other metals into gold, and to discover the elixir of life. Also, in old authors, a mixed metal formerly used for various utensils, hence a trumpet. Milton. [Ar. al-the; Gr. cheo, to pour, to melt, to mix: hence chymeia or chemeia, a mixing, and chymic or chemic, applied to the processes of the laboratory. See CHEMISTRY.]

ALCOHOL, al'kō-hol, n. pure spirit, a liquid generated by the fermentation of sugar and other saccharine matter, and forming the intoxicating element of fermented liquors. [Ar. al-kohl-al, the, qochl, fine powder.]

ALCOHOLIC, al-kō-hol'ik, adj. of or likealcohol.

ALCOHOLIZE, al'kō-hol-iz, v.t. to convert. into alcohol: to rectify.